Rice leaf fertilizer as well as preparation method and fertilization method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. In particular to a rice leaf fertilizer and a fertilizing method and application thereof. The rice leaf fertilizer is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 20 percent of chitin derivative, 5 to 15 percent of compound amino acid, 5 to 10 percent of composted livestock and poultry manure, 5 to 15 percent of fulvic acid, 1 to 3 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.5 to 2 percent of borax, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of potassium silicate, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of polyether modified siloxane, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of rhamnolipid, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of betaine, 1 to 2 percent of sodium alginate and the balance of water. By applying the foliar fertilizer in drought and salt stress environments, the content of beta-glucan in rice is increased, the rice foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention not only can be popularized for planting rice in northern drought regions in China, but also the planted rice has higher beta-glucan content, and has a health assisting effect on diabetics with limited starch consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a rice foliar fertilizer and a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Foliar fertilizer, a form of fertilizer that absorbs nutrients through plant leaves, is widely used in agricultural production. Existing foliar fertilizers contain a variety of ingredients, including various organic substances, minerals, and trace elements. For example, common foliar fertilizers may contain amino acids, humic acid, and trace elements (such as zinc and boron), which can promote plant growth and improve stress resistance.

[0003] However, foliar fertilizers in the prior art may have limitations in terms of ingredient combination, preparation process, and application in specific environments (such as drought and salt stress areas). For example, some foliar fertilizers may be easily dried by the wind after spraying under drought conditions, resulting in the ineffective absorption of nutrients; or in a salt stress environment, some ingredients may react with the salt in the soil, reducing the fertilizer efficiency. Drought and salt stress are common adverse conditions in agricultural production and have a significant negative impact on rice growth. Under these conditions, the growth and development of rice are inhibited, and the yield and quality are reduced. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a rice foliar fertilizer that can effectively function in drought and salt stress areas.

[0004] Since 1980, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China has shown a sustained upward trend, increasing from less than 1% in 1980 to 12.4% in 2018. In 2019, the overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes in my country reached 14.92%. Between 1990 and 2021, the estimated annual change in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.65%. In 2021, there were approximately 521 million people with diabetes worldwide, 96.0% of whom had type 2 diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projects this number to reach 783 million by 2045. Diabetes has become a serious disease that cannot be ignored. Currently, diabetics need to control their staple food intake. Modulating the β-glucan content in rice has potential application in the prevention and control of diabetes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to increase the β-glucan content in rice and solve the problem of negative impact on rice growth under drought and salt stress environments, the present invention provides a rice foliar fertilizer and its preparation and fertilization methods. By applying the foliar fertilizer under drought and salt stress environments, the β-glucan content in rice is increased. The rice foliar fertilizer of the present invention can not only promote rice planting in arid areas in northern my country, but also has a high β-glucan content in the cultivated rice, which has a health-supporting effect on diabetic patients who limit their starch intake.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, wherein the weight percentage of each component is: 10-20% of a chitosan derivative, 5-15% of a complex amino acid, 5-10% of composted livestock and poultry manure, 5-15% of fulvic acid, 1-3% of zinc sulfate, 0.5-2% of borax, 0.2-0.5% of potassium silicate, 0.1-0.5% of polyether-modified siloxane, 0.05-0.1% of rhamnolipid, 0.1%-0.15% of betaine, 1%-2% of sodium alginate, and the balance is water.

[0007] The chitosan derivatives can not only promote the division of rice root cells, making the root system more developed, thereby enhancing the drought resistance and lodging resistance of the plant, but also make the rice stem nodes shorter and thicker, the leaves dark green and moist, and significantly improve the overall growth of the plant. Spraying chitosan derivatives on the rice leaves has the effects of ventilation and water retention, can enhance the plant's resistance to stress, and help rice better cope with adverse environmental conditions such as drought and high temperature. Preferably, the chitosan derivative is selected from chitosan oligosaccharides, which have a small molecular weight (≤3000Da), good water solubility, high biological activity, and are easily absorbed and utilized by plants. In rice foliar fertilizer, after dilution, it is sprayed on the surface of crop leaves to form a semi-permeable membrane, which can not only block the invasion of pathogens, but also retain moisture and selectively breathe.

[0008] Preferably, the composite amino acid comprises proline, glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, with the mass ratio of proline, glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid being 1-3:0.8-2:0.2-1. Proline has the function of osmotic regulation and maintaining cell water, while glycine promotes chlorophyll synthesis and enhances photosynthesis. The composite combination of proline, glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid can be better absorbed and utilized by plants, promoting plant growth.

[0009] Composted livestock and poultry manure is a high-quality organic fertilizer that can provide rich organic matter and nutrients, improve soil structure, and reduce soil salinity. Preferably, the composting process of livestock and poultry manure includes the following steps:

[0010] S1: Raw material pretreatment: Mix fresh livestock and poultry manure with auxiliary materials, crush them to a particle size of ≤5cm, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-60%; preferably, the auxiliary materials include straw fragments and rice husks, and the mass ratio of fresh livestock and poultry manure to auxiliary materials is 3-4:1-2.

[0011] S2: Composting

[0012] Primary fermentation: stack and turn the pile every 2-4 days, maintain 55-65℃ for 15 days;

[0013] Secondary fermentation: Spray the composite bacterial agent and ferment at 30-50℃ for 10-15 days until the humification index is ≥60% (determined according to NY 525-2021). After the secondary fermentation, mix the wood ash evenly into the compost and let it stand for 2-3 days to allow the wood ash and compost to fully react.

[0014] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma is 1:1-3.

[0015] Preferably, the added wood ash accounts for 3%-5% of the total mass of the compost. Wood ash is rich in various nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, etc. These elements can not only provide nutrition for the microorganisms in the compost, but also provide rich nutrients for plants after the composting is completed; the potassium element in the wood ash can promote the activity of microorganisms and further accelerate the decomposition of the compost. The minerals in the wood ash can provide nutrition for microorganisms in the soil and promote the activity of microorganisms, thereby indirectly affecting the circulation and utilization of carbon. At the same time, when fertilizing, the wood ash is soaked in water to make a wood ash extract, which is then sprayed on the surface of the plant leaves. This method can make the nutrients in the wood ash more evenly distributed, and the liquid form also helps to improve adhesion.

[0016] S3: sieve through a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities, dry at 50-70°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and grind into 80-100 mesh decomposed organic powder.

[0017] The composting process for livestock and poultry excrement of the present invention can fully decompose the livestock and poultry excrement, remove harmful substances therein, and improve the fertilizer efficiency and safety thereof.

[0018] Fulvic acid in the components has the effect of promoting plant growth and improving fertilizer utilization. Trace elements such as zinc sulfate, borax, and potassium silicate can meet the needs of rice for these elements during growth, promote the reproductive growth of rice, and improve its stress resistance. Ingredients such as polyether-modified siloxanes and rhamnolipids can improve the physical properties of foliar fertilizers, such as wettability and dispersibility, and improve the adhesion and absorption efficiency of foliar fertilizers on leaf surfaces. Ingredients such as betaine and sodium alginate can enhance the stress resistance of plants and improve the survival ability of plants under drought and salt stress conditions. The combination of components of the present invention makes the foliar fertilizer of the present invention have significant advantages in promoting rice growth and improving stress resistance.

[0019] The preparation method of the rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1: First, mix water, chitosan derivatives, compound amino acids, and composted livestock and poultry manure, then add fulvic acid, potassium silicate, polyether-modified siloxane, rhamnolipid, betaine, and sodium alginate to the mixture in sequence, and stir until uniform;

[0021] S2: Add zinc sulfate and boric acid and react at a constant temperature of 50-70°C for 1 hour, and adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5; this can better combine the various ingredients and improve the stability and fertilizer efficiency of the foliar fertilizer; preferably, citric acid is adjusted to pH 5.5-6.5 to avoid gelation of sodium alginate.

[0022] S3: Spray drying powder making, suspension stability after rehydration ≥95%, particle size D50 ≤50μm; the spray drying powder making process can make the foliar fertilizer have good dispersibility and adhesion, which is convenient for spraying and plant absorption.

[0023] The preparation method of the present invention can ensure uniform mixing and sufficient reaction of various components, and the prepared foliar fertilizer has good suspension stability and suitable particle size.

[0024] The application of the rice foliar fertilizer in drought and salt stress areas not only achieves the goal of effectively promoting rice growth and improving stress resistance under drought and salt stress conditions, but also increases the β-glucan content in rice.

[0025] The method for spraying foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: the spraying frequency in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the filling stage: spray 1-3 times in each stage, with an interval of 7-10 days. The key growth periods include the tillering stage (20-25 days after transplanting) to promote root development and lay the foundation for stress resistance; the booting stage (15 days before heading) to strengthen cell walls and enhance glucan synthesis; the filling stage (10 days after flowering) to maintain photosynthetic product transportation and reduce salt damage and sterility. The tillering stage, the booting stage and the filling stage are sensitive to polysaccharide accumulation, and applying foliar fertilizer enhances cell wall synthesis and reduces Na + Toxifies and stabilizes cell wall structure.

[0026] The spray-dried powder is dissolved into liquid at a mass volume concentration of 1%-3%. Avoid high temperature and strong light during the fertilization process, and the spraying amount is 300-400L / ha.

[0027] Preferably, fertilize in the early morning (after the dew has dried) or evening (after 16:00), avoiding high temperatures (>35°C) and strong light.

[0028] The fertilizing nozzle is preferably equipped with an atomizer and temperature control device. The atomization requirement is a droplet diameter of 50-150μm, with uniform leaf coverage. A temperature range of 18-22°C achieves optimal atomization uniformity and improves leaf absorption.

[0029] Preferably, the spray rate is 300-400 L / ha, ensuring that the leaves are wet but not dripping.

[0030] Preferably, if high temperatures are encountered within 6 hours after spraying, additional water (50 L / ha) should be sprayed to prevent crystallization of the foliar fertilizer.

[0031] The foliar fertilizer of this invention significantly improves rice photosynthesis efficiency and promotes the synthesis and accumulation of β-glucan through the synergistic effect of chitin derivatives and amino acids. The added trace elements, such as zinc sulfate and borax, regulate enzyme activity in rice, further optimizing β-glucan metabolism. The addition of polyether-modified siloxane improves the adhesion and permeability of the foliar fertilizer, enhancing the rice's absorption of nutrients.

[0032] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention offers the following advantages: a simple preparation process, a wide range of raw materials, low cost, and ease of large-scale production. Not only does it meet the practical needs of rice cultivation in drought- and salt-stressed areas, possessing significant economic and social significance, but it also effectively improves rice quality and increases its β-glucan content, offering a beneficial effect for diabetics who restrict their starch intake. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The raw materials used in this embodiment can be purchased commercially or prepared using conventional methods.

[0034] Example: Composting of livestock and poultry manure

[0035] S1: Raw material pretreatment: fresh livestock and poultry manure is mixed with any mixture of straw crushed materials and rice husks, crushed to a particle size of 4 cm, and the moisture content is adjusted to 60%; the mass ratio of fresh livestock and poultry manure to any mixture of straw crushed materials and rice husks is 3:1;

[0036] S2: Composting

[0037] Primary fermentation: stack and turn the pile every 3 days, maintain 58-62℃ for 15 days;

[0038] Secondary fermentation: Spray a composite agent of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, with the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma being 1:2. Ferment at 40°C for 15 days until the humification index is ≥ 60% (determined according to NY 525-2021). After the secondary fermentation is completed, evenly mix 4% of the total mass of the compost into the compost at ash. After mixing, let it stand for 2-3 days to allow the ash and compost to fully react.

[0039] S3: Pass through a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities, dry at 60°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and grind into 100-mesh decomposed organic powder.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] A rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, wherein the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 10% chitosan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1000 Da, 2% proline in complex amino acids, 2% glycine, 1% gamma-aminobutyric acid, 10% composted livestock and poultry manure, 15% fulvic acid, 1% zinc sulfate, 2% borax, 0.2% potassium silicate, 0.1% polyether modified siloxane, 0.1% rhamnolipid, 0.1% betaine, 1% sodium alginate, and 55.5% water, and the total of the components is 100%.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, wherein the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 12% chitosan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 2000 Da, 4% proline in complex amino acids, 2% glycine, 2% gamma-aminobutyric acid, 8% composted livestock and poultry manure, 12% fulvic acid, 1.5% zinc sulfate, 1.5% borax, 0.3% potassium silicate, 0.2% polyether-modified siloxane, 0.08% rhamnolipid, 0.12% betaine, 1.2% sodium alginate, and 55.1% water, and the total weight of the components is 100%.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, wherein the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 15% of chitosan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1000 Da, 4% of proline in complex amino acids, 3% of glycine, 3% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 7% of composted livestock and poultry manure, 10% of fulvic acid, 2% of zinc sulfate, 1.5% of borax, 0.4% of potassium silicate, 0.3% of polyether-modified siloxane, 0.07% of rhamnolipid, 0.13% of betaine, 1.5% of sodium alginate, and 52.1% of water, and the total weight of the components is 100%.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] A rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, wherein the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 18% chitosan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 2000 Da, 6% proline in complex amino acids, 3% glycine, 3% gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6% composted livestock and poultry manure, 8% fulvic acid, 2.5% zinc sulfate, 1% borax, 0.5% potassium silicate, 0.4% polyether-modified siloxane, 0.06% rhamnolipid, 0.14% betaine, 1.8% sodium alginate, and 49.6% water, and the total of the components is 100%.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] A rice foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, wherein the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 20% chitosan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1000 Da, 9% proline in complex amino acids, 5% glycine, 1% gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5% composted livestock and poultry manure, 5% fulvic acid, 3% zinc sulfate, 0.5% borax, 0.5% potassium silicate, 0.51% polyether modified siloxane, 0.05% rhamnolipid, 0.15% betaine, 2% sodium alginate, and 48.3% water, and the total weight of the components is 100%.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] Conventional rice foliar fertilizer was used, comprising 15% urea, 10% phosphorus pentoxide, 12% potassium sulfate, 0.2% zinc sulfate, 0.1% borax, 3% humic acid, and 59.7% water.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but without sodium alginate, and the water content is 56.3%.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but the mass percentage of sodium alginate is 3% and the water content is 53.3%.

[0056] Comparative Example 4

[0057] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but fulvic acid is not used and the water content is 70.5%.

[0058] Comparative Example 5

[0059] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but a single amino acid proline (5%) is used.

[0060] Comparative Example 6

[0061] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but no composted livestock and poultry manure is used, and the water content is 63.1%.

[0062] Comparative Example 7

[0063] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but zinc sulfate is not used, and the water content is 56.5%.

[0064] Comparative Example 8

[0065] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but polyether-modified siloxane is not used, and the water content is 55.6%.

[0066] Comparative Example 9

[0067] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but no betaine is used, and the water content is 55.6%.

[0068] Comparative Example 10

[0069] The components of the rice foliar fertilizer are basically the same as those in Example 1, but rhamnolipid is not used, and the water content is 55.6%.

[0070] Preparation Example 1

[0071] S1: First, the components of Example 1 are added to water, chitosan oligosaccharide, complex amino acids, and composted livestock and poultry manure in sequence, and then fulvic acid, potassium silicate, polyether-modified siloxane, rhamnolipid, betaine, and sodium alginate are added to the mixture in sequence, and stirred until uniform;

[0072] S2: Add zinc sulfate and boric acid and react at 60℃ for 1 hour, then adjust the pH to 6.0. This will allow the ingredients to combine better, improving the stability and efficiency of the foliar fertilizer.

[0073] S3: spray drying and powdering to obtain a rice foliar fertilizer 1, which has a suspension stability of ≥95% after rehydration and a particle size D50 ≤50 μm.

[0074] Preparation Example 2-5

[0075] Example 2 to Example 5 were prepared according to the preparation method of Preparation Example 1 to obtain rice foliar fertilizer 2 to rice foliar fertilizer 5, respectively.

[0076] Preparation Comparative Examples 1-10

[0077] Comparative Examples 1 to Comparative Example 10 were prepared according to the preparation method of Preparation Example 1, without adding any raw materials, to obtain rice foliar fertilizer A to rice foliar fertilizer J, respectively.

[0078] Fertilization method

[0079] (1) Environmental simulation:

[0080] Sixteen experimental fields were used, each covering 0.5 mu. One experimental field maintained a conventional rice planting environment, while the remaining experimental fields were subjected to drought + salt stress, simulating saline-alkali land or areas with frequent occurrence of complex adversities. The drought- and salt-tolerant Zhongkeyan No. 4 rice variety was used.

[0081] Fifteen experimental plots were first treated with salt: 100 mM NaCl irrigation for 3 days → salt washing and recovery for 2 days to reduce the soil salt content to 0.3%-0.5%; then drought treatment was performed to reduce the soil moisture content to 15%-30%.

[0082] The foliar fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were sprayed respectively. The foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on rice planted in a conventional rice planting environment, which is Comparative Example 11.

[0083] (2) Dissolve the rice foliar fertilizer into a liquid at a mass volume concentration of 1%-3%. Avoid high temperatures and strong light during the fertilization process, and the spraying rate is 300-400L / ha. The fertilization time is early morning (after the dew has dried) or evening (after 16:00), avoiding high temperatures (>35°C) and strong light. The nozzle of the fertilizer application device is equipped with an atomization device and a temperature control device. The atomization requirements are a droplet diameter of 50-150μm, uniform coverage of the leaves, and temperature control of 18-22°C. The spraying rate is 300-400L / ha, ensuring that the leaves are moist but not dripping. If high temperatures are encountered within 6 hours after spraying, additional water (50L / ha) should be sprayed to prevent the foliar fertilizer from crystallizing.

[0084] (3) Spraying method: first, adopt a conventional rice planting method according to the simulated environment of step (1), and then spray the rice foliar fertilizer prepared by Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-10 at the tillering stage, booting stage, and filling stage respectively. The spraying frequency at the tillering stage, booting stage, and filling stage is: spray twice at each stage, with an interval of 8 days.

[0085] (4) Use conventional base fertilizer management and field management to maintain a water layer of 3-5 cm from the rice heading to the flowering stage to ensure sufficient water during the critical period.

[0086] Test Example 1: Determination of β-glucan content

[0087]

[0088] Tested using international AOAC standard methods (such as AOAC 995.16).

[0089] The β-glucan content in rice grains in the experimental field was significantly higher than that in the control field, indicating that foliar fertilizer can effectively regulate the metabolic process of rice, increase the synthesis and accumulation of β-glucan, and thus have a potential auxiliary effect on diabetic patients.

[0090] Analysis of results: The synergistic effect of the complete formula significantly enhances β-glucan synthesis. The promotion effect is more obvious with the increase in the proportion of chitin derivatives and amino acids, the ratio of key ingredients is further optimized, and the β-glucan accumulation efficiency is the highest. Too high a proportion of chitin derivatives may inhibit the absorption of other ingredients, and the effect is slightly reduced; excessive chitin derivatives lead to increased viscosity, affecting the absorption efficiency of leaves. Lack of targeted formula, lack of sodium alginate leads to decreased stress resistance, excessive sodium alginate interferes with the permeability of other ingredients, lack of fulvic acid leads to reduced nutrient utilization, the synergistic effect of complex amino acids is destroyed, insufficient organic matter leads to deterioration of soil structure, zinc deficiency affects enzyme activity, leaf adhesion decreases, absorption efficiency decreases, and stress resistance weakens. Under drought conditions, dispersion decreases, foliar fertilizer is unevenly distributed, and absorption efficiency decreases. The above factors will reduce the ability to synthesize β-glucan. The present application can induce defensive polysaccharide accumulation through drought and salt stress.

[0091] Test Example 2: Absorption efficiency and stability of foliar fertilizer and its impact on soil salinity

[0092] Group Adhesion rate on leaf surface Absorption rate of leaf surface Soil pH Soil salt content Example 1 95 88 7.2 0.35 Example 2 96 90 7.1 0.32 Example 3 97 92 6.9 0.30 Example 4 94 87 7.0 0.33 Example 5 93 85 7.3 0.36 Comparative Example 1 82 70 8.5 0.65 Comparative Example 2 75 65 8.2 0.60 Comparative Example 3 85 72 8.0 0.58 Comparative Example 4 68 60 8.8 0.70 Comparative Example 5 80 68 8.3 0.63 Comparative Example 6 60 55 9.0 0.75 Comparative Example 7 78 63 8.1 0.62 Comparative Example 8 85 70 7.9 0.55 Comparative Example 9 72 62 8.4 0.68 Comparative Example 10 88 75 7.8 0.50 Comparative Example 11 96 89 7.0 0.15

[0093] Adhesion rate: Use fluorescent labeling method or radioisotope tracer method, refer to the "Guidelines for Pesticide Field Efficacy Tests".

[0094] Absorbance: By isotope labeling (such as 14 C or 32 P) combined with mass spectrometry analysis.

[0095] Soil pH value: According to GB / T 6920-1986 Determination of pH value of water quality - Glass electrode method, prepare soil extract and then measure it.

[0096] Soil salt content: The electrical conductivity method (EC value) was used, referring to GB / T 7871-2008 Analysis of water-soluble salts in forest soils, and the electrical conductivity was measured after extraction at a soil-water ratio of 1:5.

[0097] The adhesion rate and absorption rate of foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating that the physical properties of foliar fertilizer significantly improved its adhesion and absorption efficiency on the leaf surface.

[0098] The suspension stability of the foliar fertilizer after rehydration is ≥95%, and the particle size D50 is ≤50 μm, indicating that the preparation process of the foliar fertilizer can ensure its good dispersibility and stability during the spraying process.

[0099] The soil salinity of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, indicating that composted livestock and poultry manure can reduce soil salinity and improve the soil environment, thereby indirectly promoting the growth of rice.

[0100] Test Example 4 Growth performance under drought and salt stress conditions

[0101] Group Plant height (cm) Number of tillers (per plant) Thousand-grain weight (g) Yield (kg / ha) Stress resistance score (1-5) Example 1 95 12 24.5 6500 0.8 Example 2 98 14 25.2 6800 0.5 Example 3 102 15 26.0 7200 0.2 Example 4 100 13 25.0 6700 0.7 Example 5 97 11 23.8 6300 1.0 Comparative Example 1 88 9 21.5 5800 2.0 Comparative Example 2 85 8 20.0 5400 2.5 Comparative Example 3 90 10 22.0 5600 2.8 Comparative Example 4 82 7 19.5 5100 2.7 Comparative Example 5 87 9 21.0 5500 2.2 Comparative Example 6 80 6 18.5 4900 3.0 Comparative Example 7 86 8 20.5 5300 2.4 Comparative Example 8 89 9 21.8 5600 2.0 Comparative Example 9 84 7 20.2 5200 2.3 Comparative Example 10 91 10 22.5 5700 1.9 Comparative Example 11 100 14 25.5 7000 1.0

[0102] Plant height and tiller number: measured directly in the field, refer to "NY / T 1300-2021 Technical Specifications for Rice Variety Testing".

[0103] Thousand-grain weight: According to GB / T 5519-2018 Inspection of grain and oils—Determination of 1000-grain weight of cereals and their products, 1000 grains were randomly selected and weighed.

[0104] Yield: The actual weight after harvest is converted into yield per hectare (kg / ha).

[0105] Stress resistance score: measured by relative conductivity. The lower the conductivity, the better the stress resistance.

[0106] Growth indicators: The plant height and tiller number of rice in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating that foliar fertilizer promoted the growth of rice.

[0107] Stress resistance index: The index of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, indicating that foliar fertilizer enhanced the stress resistance of rice.

[0108] Yield indicators: The yield per hectare and 1000-grain weight of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, indicating that foliar fertilizer can increase rice yield under drought and salt stress conditions.

[0109] Analysis of Results: The complete formula synergistically significantly enhanced β-glucan synthesis, with balanced increases in plant height and tiller number, and above-average stress resistance. Increasing the proportions of chitin derivatives and amino acids improved photosynthetic efficiency, significantly increased yield, and enhanced salt tolerance. Optimizing the ingredient ratios to an optimal balance resulted in the highest 1000-grain weight and yield, and near-optimal stress resistance. Excessive chitin derivative proportions increased solution viscosity and slightly decreased tiller number, but stress resistance remained superior to the conventional formula. However, excessive chitin derivatives inhibited the absorption of other ingredients, resulting in decreased plant height and yield.

[0110] Lack of key components, poor growth indicators and poor stress resistance. The lack of sodium alginate leads to poor water retention, significantly reduced tillering and yield under drought conditions; excessive sodium alginate hinders leaf respiration, resulting in decreased thousand-grain weight and stress resistance; lack of fulvic acid leads to low nutrient utilization, the lowest plant height and yield, and extremely poor stress resistance; lack of synergistic action of complex amino acids, low photosynthetic efficiency, and weak stress resistance; insufficient organic matter leads to soil compaction, poor root development, and the lowest growth indicators; zinc deficiency leads to decreased enzyme activity, obstructed transport of photosynthetic products, and reduced β-glucan synthesis; poor leaf attachment, easy loss of foliar fertilizer, reduced absorption efficiency, and weaker stress resistance than the example; lack of betaine weakens osmotic regulation ability, reduced cell stability under drought conditions, and limited growth; reduced dispersion, foliar fertilizer leads to uneven distribution, and reduced effective absorption area; normal growth under conventional conditions, foliar fertilizer slightly improves plant height and yield, but β-glucan accumulation depends on adversity.

[0111] The rice foliar fertilizer of the invention has a promoting effect on rice growth under drought and salt stress conditions, and improves the regulating ability of beta-glucan content as well as the physical properties and stability of the foliar fertilizer itself.

Claims

1. A rice foliar fertilizer, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer comprises the following components, and the weight percentage of each component is: 10-20% of chitosan derivatives, 5-15% of complex amino acids, 5-10% of composted livestock and poultry manure, 5-15% of fulvic acid, 1-3% of zinc sulfate, 0.5-2% of borax, 0.2-0.5% of potassium silicate, 0.1-0.5% of polyether modified silicone, 0.05-0.1% of rhamnolipid, 0.1%-0.15% of betaine, 1%-2% of sodium alginate, and the balance of water.

2. The rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite amino acids include proline, glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and the mass ratio of proline, glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid is 1-3: 0.8-2：0.2-1。 3. The rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that Composting of livestock and poultry manure includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Mix fresh livestock and poultry manure with auxiliary materials, crush to a particle size of ≤5cm, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-60%; S2: Composting Primary fermentation: stack and turn the pile every 2-4 days, maintain 55-65℃ for 15 days; Secondary fermentation: spray compound bacteria agent, ferment at 30-50℃ for 10-15 days until the humification index is ≥60%, mix the wood ash evenly into the compost, and let it stand for 2-3 days after mixing. S3: sieve through a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities, dry at 50-70°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and grind into 80-100 mesh decomposed organic powder.

4. The rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The auxiliary materials include straw fragments, rice husks, and the mass ratio of fresh livestock and poultry manure to the auxiliary materials is 3-4:1-2.

5. The rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma is 1:1-3.

6. The rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that Wood ash accounts for 3%-5% of the total mass of compost.

7. A method for preparing a rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: First, mix water, chitosan derivatives, compound amino acids, and composted livestock and poultry manure; then add fulvic acid, potassium silicate, polyether-modified silicone, rhamnolipid, betaine, and sodium alginate into the mixture in sequence and stir until uniform. S2: Add zinc sulfate and borax and keep the reaction at 50-70℃ for 1 hour, and adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5; S3: Spray drying powder, suspension stability after rehydration ≥ 95%, particle size D50 ≤ 50μm.

8. Use of the rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 1 in drought and salt stress areas.

9. The use of the rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method of spraying foliar fertilizer includes the following steps: spraying frequency during tillering stage, booting stage and grain filling stage: spray 1-3 times in each stage, with an interval of 7-10 days.

10. The use of the rice foliar fertilizer according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The spray-dried powder is dissolved into liquid at a mass volume concentration of 1%-3%. Avoid high temperature and strong light during the fertilization process, and the spraying amount is 300-400L / ha.

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