A debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster early warning, and discloses a debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device, comprising a rain sensor, a baffle and a detection channel, wherein the baffle is installed at a hillside ditch, and the detection channel is installed on the baffle, the rain sensor comprises a stand and a collection bucket installed on the top of the stand, the inner through hole of the stand is connected to the collection bucket, the stand is provided with a solar panel, a rubber membrane and a puncture mechanism are provided in the collection bucket, and a starting mechanism is provided on the stand, after the puncture mechanism punctures the rubber membrane containing a certain amount of rainwater, the impact force of the falling water flow activates the starting mechanism, and enables the detection mechanism inside the detection channel to work, the detection channel comprises a main channel and a secondary channel, a blocking net and a mud and water impact monitoring mechanism are provided in the main channel, and a flow rate monitoring mechanism is provided in the secondary channel. The present invention realizes accurate monitoring and efficient early warning of debris flow disasters through multi-dimensional technological innovation, and provides a reliable basis for disaster early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster early warning, and in particular to a debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device. Background Art

[0002] Debris flows are special torrents triggered by water sources such as heavy rain and meltwater from ice and snow, carrying large amounts of solid materials such as mud, sand, and stones. They are characterized by strong suddenness, fast flow rate, and great impact force, and often cause devastating damage to mountain ditches, roads, and buildings. According to statistics, the global economic losses caused by debris flows exceed tens of billions of US dollars each year. The mountainous areas in southwest and northwest my country are prone to debris flow disasters due to complex terrain and geological conditions. Their formation is closely related to factors such as rainfall, terrain slope, and loose deposits. Real-time monitoring of the formation conditions and movement parameters of debris flows (such as impact force, flow rate, etc.) is the key to achieving disaster early warning and reducing losses.

[0003] Monitoring and early warning of debris flow disasters are key links in reducing losses. Existing technologies mainly use various sensors for monitoring or monitor through visual analysis. Rainfall monitoring is a prerequisite for the monitoring link. Existing technologies use traditional rain gauges to collect rainfall data and combine empirical models to predict debris flow risks. However, it can only reflect one of the disaster-causing factors and cannot directly monitor the movement state of the debris flow itself. There is also a lack of a precise trigger mechanism for the starting threshold. Monitoring the impact force of debris flows is an important part of the monitoring link. Existing technologies usually use pressure sensors to directly measure the impact load of debris flows, but most of them are single-point fixed monitoring and cannot dynamically reflect the changing trend of the impact force. In addition, the sensor is easily blocked by mud and sand or damaged by stone impact, and its reliability is insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above difficulties and provide a debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution as follows: a debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device, comprising a rain sensor, a baffle and a detection channel, wherein the baffle is installed at a hillside ditch, and the detection channel is installed on the baffle;

[0006] The rain sensor includes a stand and a collection bucket mounted on top of the stand. The through hole inside the stand is connected to the collection bucket. The collection bucket is equipped with a rubber membrane and a puncture mechanism. The stand is equipped with an activation mechanism. After the puncture mechanism punctures the rubber membrane containing a certain amount of rainwater, the impact of the falling water activates the activation mechanism, which activates the detection mechanism inside the detection channel.

[0007] The detection channel includes a main channel, in which a blocking net and a mud and water impact monitoring mechanism are provided. The blocking net is movably arranged on the inner side of the main channel to block stones in the debris flow. The mud and water impact monitoring mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the blocking net. The mud and water impact monitoring mechanism includes a floating plate, a turntable and a speed sensor 1. The floating plate is hinged in the main channel, and the swing of the floating plate drives the turntable to rotate. The speed sensor 1 detects the speed of the turntable.

[0008] As an improvement: a spring five and an arc-shaped rod are provided at the bottom of the floating plate, the spring five is connected to the bottom plate of the main channel, a closed chamber is provided in the main channel, the arc-shaped rod slides through the through hole at the top of the closed chamber, a driving rod is hinged on the arc-shaped rod, a spring six is ​​connected between the driving rod and the arc-shaped rod, a limit platform cooperating with the driving rod is provided at the end of the arc-shaped rod, and a plurality of outer edge rods cooperating with the driving rod are evenly provided on the turntable.

[0009] As an improvement: the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism also includes a transmission ring and a one-way rotator, a spline shaft is provided on one side of the turntable, a spline groove that cooperates with the spline shaft is provided at the axis center of the transmission ring, a spring seven is connected between the transmission ring and the turntable, a plurality of external bosses one are provided on one side of the transmission ring, the one-way rotator includes a transmission platform and a fixed platform, a rotating rod is provided on one side of the transmission platform, the rotating rod is rotatably arranged in the top shell of the speed sensor one, and an external boss two that cooperates with the external boss one is provided on the other side, the fixed platform is fixed to the outside of the top shell of the speed sensor one, a plurality of inclined platforms one are provided on the transmission platform, and an inclined platform two that cooperates with the inclined platform one is elastically provided on the fixed platform.

[0010] As an improvement: a frame is provided on the outside of the blocking net, extension rods are provided at the corners of the frame, slides are provided on the extension rods, corner platforms are provided at the corners of the main channel, the extension rods slide into the corner platforms, the slides are slid in the internal through holes of the corner platforms and are connected to the corner platforms with spring four, a pressure sensor is provided in the corner platform that cooperates with the end of the extension rod.

[0011] As an improvement: a movable ring platform is provided on the outer edge of the rubber membrane, a fixed ring platform is provided in the collecting barrel, a spring is connected between the movable ring platform and the fixed ring platform, a orifice plate is provided on the movable ring platform, and a leakage hole connected to the orifice plate through hole is provided on the side of the collecting barrel.

[0012] As an improvement: the puncture mechanism includes an elastic plate and a base installed on the inner side of the collecting barrel, the elastic plate is provided with a butt ring and an elastic rod, the butt ring abuts and cooperates with the deformed rubber membrane, the bottom end of the elastic rod is provided with a limiting slider that slides in the groove at the top of the base, a thorn nail is provided in the through hole of the base, a spring 2 is provided at the bottom of the thorn nail, and the limiting slider cooperates with the thorn nail to limit the position.

[0013] As an improvement: the starting mechanism includes a movable rod and a starter, a starting chamber is provided on the vertical frame, the movable rod is hingedly arranged in the starting chamber, a circular plate is provided at one end of the movable rod, and a striking platform that cooperates with the starter switch is provided at the other end, a spring three is connected between the movable rod and the starting chamber, the circular plate is provided in the through hole on the inner side of the vertical frame, and a liquid outlet is provided on the vertical frame.

[0014] As an improvement: the detection channel also includes a secondary channel, a flow rate monitoring mechanism is provided in the secondary channel, the flow rate monitoring mechanism includes a rotating drum and a second speed sensor, the rotating drum is arranged to rotate in the secondary channel, a spiral platform is provided on the inside of the rotating drum, the second speed sensor detects the speed of the rotating drum, a cover platform is provided at the front end of the secondary channel, and a conical cover with multiple through holes is provided on the cover platform.

[0015] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages: it realizes accurate monitoring and efficient early warning of debris flow disasters through multi-dimensional technological innovation. When the rain sensor is activated, it obtains data such as the instantaneous impact force of rocks, the impact force variable of mudflow, and the flow velocity of debris flow, providing a reliable basis for disaster early warning and reducing losses. Specifically:

[0016] 1. The rain sensor adopts a rubber membrane-puncture mechanism linkage design. Through the cooperation of spring 1 and leakage hole, the rubber membrane gravity triggers the puncture nail to puncture the membrane only when the rainfall reaches the threshold, avoiding false activation during short periods of light rain. The starting mechanism drives the movable rod to hit the starter through the impact of water flow on the circular plate. Combined with solar panels for power supply, the detection channel is only activated when monitoring is required, making it suitable for long-term field deployment.

[0017] 2. The barrier net and the mud-water impact monitoring mechanism form a dual-layer monitoring system: the barrier net drives the pressure sensor through the frame-extension rod structure to collect the instantaneous impact force of rocks, and the floating plate-turntable mechanism quantifies the dynamic impact load of mud flow through the speed sensor. The two data complement each other and can distinguish different types of debris flows, such as mud flow and water-rock flow;

[0018] 3. The spline shaft design of the one-way rotor and the transmission ring ensures that the speed sensor only records the forward speed during mud flow impact, avoiding reverse interference when the floating plate resets;

[0019] 4. The spiral platform-rotating drum structure in the secondary channel converts the debris flow velocity into a speed signal. The through-hole design of the conical cover filters out large particles of debris. Compared with the traditional buoy method for detecting debris flow velocity, the ability to resist interference from floating objects is improved.

[0020] 5. The guide plate and mesh plate provide semi-enclosed filtration for the space below the floating plate. The closed chamber isolates the core components of the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism, reducing sediment deposition and blockage, and extending the maintenance cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rain sensor of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of a rain sensor of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the puncture mechanism of the rain sensor of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the activation mechanism of the rain sensor of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the baffle and the detection channel of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the baffle and the detection channel of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection channel of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the detection channel of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 It is a structural diagram of the muddy water impact monitoring mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 It is an exploded view of the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 12 It is an exploded view of the turntable and the transmission ring of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 13 It is an exploded view of the one-way rotor of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 14 It is an exploded view of the flow rate monitoring mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 15 It is a cross-sectional view of the rotary drum of the present invention.

[0036] As shown in the figure: 1. Rain sensor; 2. Baffle; 3. Detection channel; 4. Mud and water impact monitoring mechanism; 5. Flow rate monitoring mechanism; 11. Stand; 111. Starting chamber; 112. Liquid outlet; 12. Collection bucket; 121. Fixed ring platform; 122. Spring 1; 123. Leakage hole; 13. Solar panel; 14. Mesh cover; 15. Rubber membrane; 151. Movable ring platform; 152. Orifice plate; 16. Puncture mechanism; 161. Elastic plate; 162. Retaining ring; 163. Elastic rod; 164. Limiting slider; 165. Bottom platform; 166. Spike; 167. Spring 2; 17. Starting mechanism; 171. Movable rod; 172. Circular plate; 173. Striking platform; 174. Spring 3; 175. Starter; 31. Main channel; 32. Secondary channel; 33. Blocking net; 33 1. Frame; 332. Extension rod; 333. Slide; 334. Spring 4; 335. Pressure sensor; 34. Angle platform; 35. Guide plate; 36. Mesh plate; 37. Enclosed chamber; 41. Floating plate; 411. Spring 5; 412. Arc rod; 413. Drive rod; 414. Spring 6; 415. Limit platform; 42. Turntable; 421. Outer edge rod; 422. Spline shaft; 4 23. Spring seven; 43. Transmission ring; 431. External boss one; 432. Spline groove; 44. One-way rotator; 441. Transmission platform; 442. External boss two; 443. Inclined platform one; 444. Rotating rod; 445. Fixed platform; 446. Inclined platform two; 45. Speed ​​sensor one; 51. Cover platform; 52. Conical cover; 53. Rotating drum; 54. Screw platform; 55. Speed ​​sensor two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Combined with attachment Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 3 and attached Figure 6 As shown, a debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device includes a rain sensor 1, a baffle 2 and a detection channel 3. The baffle 2 is installed in a hillside ditch, and the detection channel 3 is installed on the baffle 2. The rain sensor 1 includes a stand 11 and a collecting bucket 12 installed on the top of the stand 11. The inner through hole of the stand 11 is connected to the collecting bucket 12. The stand 11 is provided with a solar panel 13, and the collecting bucket 12 is provided with a rubber membrane 15 and a puncture mechanism 16. The stand 11 is provided with a starting mechanism 17. After the puncture mechanism 16 punctures the rubber membrane 15 containing a certain amount of rainwater, the impact force of the falling water flow causes the starting mechanism 17 to start, so that the detection mechanism inside the detection channel 3 works. The detection channel 3 includes a main channel 31 and a secondary channel 32. A blocking net 33 and a mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 are provided in the main channel 31. The mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 monitors the impact force of the debris flow. A flow rate monitoring mechanism 5 is provided in the secondary channel 32. The flow rate monitoring mechanism 5 monitors the flow rate of the debris flow.

[0039] Combined with attachment Figure 8 , Attachment Figure 9 , Attachment Figure 10 and attached Figure 11 As shown, the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 is arranged at the rear side of the barrier net 33. The mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 includes a floating plate 41, a turntable 42 and a speed sensor 45. A guide plate 35 is provided in the main channel 31. The floating plate 41 is hingedly arranged at the rear side of the guide plate 35. A mesh plate 36 is provided at the rear side of the guide plate 35. The outer end of the floating plate 41 slides on the inner side of the mesh plate 36. The swing of the floating plate 41 drives the turntable 42 to rotate, and the speed sensor 45 detects the speed of the turntable 42.

[0040] Combined with attachment Figure 9 , Attachment Figure 11 and attached Figure 12 As shown, a spring five 411 and an arc-shaped rod 412 are provided at the bottom of the floating plate 41, the spring five 411 is connected to the bottom plate of the main channel 31, a closed chamber 37 is provided in the main channel 31, the arc-shaped rod 412 slides through the through hole at the top of the closed chamber 37, a driving rod 413 is hingedly provided on the arc-shaped rod 412, a spring six 414 is connected between the driving rod 413 and the arc-shaped rod 412, a limit platform 415 is provided at the end of the arc-shaped rod 412 for cooperating with the driving rod 413, and a plurality of outer edge rods 421 for cooperating with the driving rod 413 are evenly provided on the turntable 42.

[0041] Combined with attachment Figure 11 , Attachment Figure 12 and attached Figure 13 As shown, the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 also includes a transmission ring 43 and a one-way rotator 44. A spline shaft 422 is provided on one side of the turntable 42, and a spline groove 432 that cooperates with the spline shaft 422 is provided at the axis center of the transmission ring 43. A spring 423 is connected between the transmission ring 43 and the turntable 42. A plurality of external bosses 431 are provided on one side of the transmission ring 43. The one-way rotator 44 includes a transmission platform 441 and a fixed platform 445. A rotating rod 444 is provided on one side of the transmission platform 441. The rotating rod 444 is rotatably arranged in the top shell of the speed sensor 45, and an external boss 2 442 that cooperates with the external boss 1 431 is provided on the other side. The fixed platform 445 is fixed to the outside of the top shell of the speed sensor 45. A plurality of inclined platforms 443 are provided on the transmission platform 441, and an inclined platform 2 446 that cooperates with the inclined platform 443 is elastically provided on the fixed platform 445.

[0042] In order to achieve effective monitoring of the impact force of debris flows, the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 converts the kinetic energy generated by the debris flow impact into a measurable physical signal through a clever structural design. The core of this mechanism is to solve the problem of dynamic detection of the impact force of the mud flow, which is specifically achieved through the swing of the floating plate 41 and the linkage of the turntable 42.

[0043] The mechanism is mainly composed of a floating plate 41, a turntable 42, a speed sensor 45, a transmission ring 43 and a one-way rotator 44. The guide plate 35 is provided in the main channel 31, and its function is to guide the flow direction of the mud flow. The floating plate 41 is hingedly arranged at the rear side of the guide plate 35, and the bottom is connected to the bottom plate of the main channel 31 by a spring five 411. This makes the floating plate 41 have a certain floating space and reset ability. When the mud and rock flow flows through the main channel 31, the impact force acts on the floating plate 41, causing the floating plate 41 to swing backwards, overcoming the elastic force of the spring five 411. During the swinging process of the floating plate 41, the arc-shaped rod 412 at the bottom is driven to move. When the arc-shaped rod 412 moves, the driving rod 413, under the action of the limit platform 415, pushes the outer edge rod 421 on the turntable 42, causing the turntable 42 to rotate, so that the speed sensor 45 accurately detects the speed of the turntable 42. Since the speed of the turntable 42 is related to the impact force of the mud and rock flow on the floating plate 41, the speed data measured by the speed sensor 45 can be converted into the impact force of the mud and rock flow, thereby realizing effective monitoring of the impact force of the mud and rock flow.

[0044] When the turntable 42 rotates, its spline shaft 422 drives the transmission ring 43 to rotate. The transmission ring 43 cooperates with the outer boss 1 431 and the outer boss 2 442 to drive the transmission platform 441 to rotate. During the rotation of the transmission platform 441, the inclined surface of the inclined platform 1 443 contacts the inclined surface of the inclined platform 2 446, so that the inclined platform 2 446 is pressed into the through hole of the fixed platform 445. The transmission platform 441 drives the rotating rod 444 to rotate, and the speed sensor 1 45 detects the speed of the rotating rod 444.

[0045] When the floating plate 41 floats upward, the arc rod 412 moves upward accordingly. After the driving rod 413 contacts the outer edge rod 421, the turntable 42 rotates in the opposite direction. At this time, the inclined platform 1 443 contacts the direct surface of the inclined platform 2 446. The inclined platform 2 446 blocks the rotation of the inclined platform 1 443, so that the transmission platform 441 cannot rotate in the opposite direction. The turntable 42 drives the transmission ring 43 to rotate in the opposite direction through the spline shaft 422. The outer boss 1 431 cooperates with the inclined surface of the outer boss 2 442 to make the transmission ring 43 move axially on the spline shaft 422, compressing the spring 7 423, so that the turntable 42 can realize reverse rotation. In addition, after the driving rod 413 contacts the outer edge rod 421, the driving rod 413 can The arc rod 412 rotates and stretches the spring six 414 to prevent the floating plate 41 from being unable to float up when the turntable 42 cannot be reversed. Since the impact force of the mud flow is detected, the mud and sand will inevitably flow to the position of the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4, hindering the rotation of the turntable 42, the transmission ring 43 or the one-way rotator 44. Since the impact force of the mud flow is large, the torque of the floating plate 41 moving downward is large, so that the turntable 42, the transmission ring 43 or the one-way rotator 44 can overcome the resistance and rotate. When the floating plate 41 rotates upward, the thrust provided by the spring five 411 is small, and it cannot overcome the resistance and rotate. The structural design of the transmission ring 43 and the drive rod 413 provides double insurance for this situation.

[0046] Debris flows don't form overnight. As rainwater converges into streams, the initial surface runoff is primarily clear water, carrying only a small amount of fine particles. At this stage, the water's scouring power is limited, primarily eroding loose surface material. As the water enters flat terrain, its velocity decreases, leading to a sharp drop in its sediment transport capacity. Coarse particles (rocks and debris) accumulate in stages, and organic matter such as branches and fallen leaves form a porous filter layer, further trapping sediment. This accumulation creates an unstable temporary retaining structure, forming a localized backwater accumulation zone. With continued upstream material replenishment, the pore water pressure of the accumulation gradually increases. When the fluid shear stress exceeds the accumulation strength threshold, a sudden, total collapse occurs, forming a nonlinear pattern of "quasi-stable state-instability-reorganization." Accumulation zones are not confined to a single location; they can occur in all tributaries. This makes the impact force of the debris flow, which converges into the main stream, unstable and subject to intermittent, sudden shocks. The resettable floating plate 41 structural design dynamically monitors the impact force of each stage of the debris flow, providing reliable data for disaster warning.

[0047] In order to reduce the impact of mud and sand on the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4, a closed chamber 37 is set up. The closed chamber 37 encloses the other components of the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 except the floating plate 41, and a through hole is left on the top for the arc rod 412 to extend into. In order to reduce the deposition of mud and sand in the movable range of the floating plate 41 and thereby prevent the floating plate 41 from moving downward, a guide plate 35 and a mesh plate 36 are set up to semi-close the space below the floating plate 41. The mesh plate 36 filters the mud and sand, so that the space below the floating plate 41 is in a flowable liquid space, thereby avoiding the pressure of the closed space from counteracting the mud flow impact force on the floating plate 41, thereby affecting the monitoring data.

[0048] The one-way transmission function of the one-way rotator 44 enables the speed sensor 45 to only detect the speed of the turntable 42 after the floating plate 41 moves downward. When the floating plate 41 moves upward, the rotating rod 444 cannot rotate under the unidirectional restriction of the one-way rotator 44, and thus the speed data of the turntable 42 when the floating plate 41 moves upward cannot be known. The design here can avoid the influence of the speed data on the monitoring results when the floating plate 41 moves upward. The mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4 mainly detects the change in the mud flow impact force. The upward movement of the floating plate 41 mainly relies on the elastic force of the spring five 411. This result is not within the detection range, and the one-way rotator 44 avoids the collection of data in this state.

[0049] Combined with attachment Figure 6 and attached Figure 7As shown, a frame 331 is provided on the outside of the blocking net 33, and the frame 331 is movably arranged on the inside of the main channel 31. Extension rods 332 are provided at the corners of the frame 331, and a slide 333 is provided on the extension rod 332. Corner platforms 34 are provided at the corners of the main channel 31, and the extension rod 332 slides into the corner platform 34. The slide 333 is slidably arranged in the internal through hole of the corner platform 34 and is connected to the corner platform 34 with a spring four 334. A pressure sensor 335 that cooperates with the end of the extension rod 332 is provided in the corner platform 34.

[0050] The design of the barrier net 33 and its supporting structures aims to more accurately sense the impact strength of rocks in debris flows and convert it into quantifiable data, providing a reliable basis for debris flow disaster warning.

[0051] The frame 331 on the outside of the blocking net 33 is movably arranged on the inside of the main channel 31. This movable connection method gives the blocking net displacement space when it is impacted. The extension rods 332 at the corners of the frame 331 cooperate with the corner platforms 34 at the corners of the main channel 31 to form a stable sliding guide structure. The slide 333 on the extension rod 332 slides in the internal through hole of the corner platform 34, and is connected to the spring four 334 between the corner platform 34. The spring four 334 provides the blocking net with reset ability, and also buffers part of the impact force to avoid damage to the structure due to instantaneous excessive impact.

[0052] When the debris flow hits the barrier net 33, the frame 331 is forced to drive the extension rod 332 to slide into the corner platform 34, and the end of the extension rod 332 gradually approaches and squeezes the pressure sensor 335. The greater the impact force of the debris flow, the greater the sliding displacement of the extension rod 332, and the greater the pressure on the pressure sensor 335, thereby outputting a larger electrical signal. The data obtained by the pressure sensor 335 complements the data of the speed sensor 45 in the mud and water impact monitoring mechanism 4. The speed sensor 45 reflects the dynamic changes of the debris flow impact through the swing of the floating plate 41, while the pressure sensor 335 directly records the blocking signal. The static pressure borne by the net 33, combined with the two, can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the size and characteristics of the impact force of the debris flow, and provide richer and more reliable data support for the early warning and protection decision-making of debris flow disasters. Secondly, the data obtained by the pressure sensor 335 is aimed at the instantaneous impact force of the stones in the debris flow, and the data obtained by the speed sensor 45 is aimed at the impact force variable of the mud flow in the debris flow. After analyzing the two data, the state of the debris flow can also be judged, that is, it can be analyzed whether it is a mud flow, a water-rock flow or a mixed debris flow, and then targeted disaster warnings can be made for different types of debris flows.

[0053] Combined with attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 and attached Figure 4As shown, a movable ring platform 151 is provided on the outer edge of the rubber membrane 15, a fixed ring platform 121 is provided in the collecting barrel 12, a spring 122 is connected between the movable ring platform 151 and the fixed ring platform 121, a hole plate 152 is provided on the movable ring platform 151, a leakage hole 123 connected to the through hole of the hole plate 152 is provided on the side of the collecting barrel 12, and a mesh cover 14 is provided on the top of the collecting barrel 12.

[0054] Combined with attachment Figure 4 As shown, the puncture mechanism 16 includes an elastic plate 161 and a base 165 installed on the inner side of the collecting barrel 12. The elastic plate 161 is provided with a butt ring 162 and an elastic rod 163. The butt ring 162 abuts and cooperates with the deformed rubber membrane 15. The bottom end of the elastic rod 163 is provided with a limiting slider 164 that slides in the groove at the top of the base 165. A thorn nail 166 is provided in the through hole of the base 165. A spring 2 167 is provided at the bottom of the thorn nail 166. The limiting slider 164 is limited and cooperates with the thorn nail 166.

[0055] Combined with attachment Figure 3 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the starting mechanism 17 includes a movable rod 171 and a starter 175. A starting chamber 111 is provided on the stand 11. The movable rod 171 is hinged in the starting chamber 111. A circular plate 172 is provided at one end of the movable rod 171, and a striking platform 173 that cooperates with the starter 175 switch is provided at the other end. A spring 174 is connected between the movable rod 171 and the starting chamber 111. The circular plate 172 is provided in a through hole on the inner side of the stand 11, and a liquid outlet 112 is provided on the stand 11.

[0056] In order to trigger the activation of the debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device through rainfall, the rubber membrane 15, the puncture mechanism 16 and the activation mechanism 17 in the rain sensor 1 cooperate with each other to construct a precise rain sensing and device activation system.

[0057] The movable ring platform 151 on the outer edge of the rubber membrane 15 is connected to the fixed ring platform 121 in the collecting barrel 12 by a spring 122, which allows the movable ring platform 151 to have a certain amount of movement space. The orifice plate 152 on the movable ring platform 151 is connected to the leakage hole 123 on the side of the collecting barrel 12. When the rainfall is not large or the rain duration is short, excess rainwater can be discharged through the orifice plate 152 and the leakage hole 123, solving the problem of rainwater retention in the collecting barrel 12 and preventing the retained rainwater from affecting the monitoring of rainfall in the next rainy situation. The mesh cover 14 on the top of the collecting barrel 12 can prevent debris from entering, especially preventing fallen leaves from falling on the rubber membrane 15 and affecting the monitoring of rainfall.

[0058] The leakage hole 123 has a small aperture and a slow drainage rate. In the case of heavy rain or continuous rain, more and more rainwater will gather on the rubber membrane 15. The increased weight of the rainwater will cause the rubber membrane 15 to deform. In the puncture mechanism 16, the ring 162 on the elastic plate 161 abuts against the deformed rubber membrane 15. When the rainwater collected in the rubber membrane 15 reaches a certain amount, its gravity causes the rubber membrane 15 to stretch downward, driving the elastic plate 161 to move downward, and the elastic rod 163 pushes the limit slider 164 to move radially, causing the puncture nail 166 to lose its limit constraint and pop out under the action of the spring 2 167, puncturing the rubber membrane 15.

[0059] After the rubber membrane 15 is punctured, rainwater falls rapidly and impacts the circular plate 172 in the through hole inside the stand 11. The circular plate 172 drives the movable rod 171 hinged in the starting chamber 111 to rotate. The movable rod 171 overcomes the elastic force of spring three 174, so that the striking platform 173 at the other end strikes the switch of the starter 175, thereby turning on the detection mechanism inside the detection channel 3 and starting to monitor the debris flow. During the whole process, the various components cooperate with each other and use the physical effects of rainwater gravity, elastic element elasticity, etc. to achieve a coherent action of the device from rainwater collection, triggering puncture to starting monitoring, ensuring that the device is accurately started under appropriate rainfall conditions. Under normal conditions, the detection mechanism of the device will not be started, reducing energy consumption. The power required by the detection mechanism is provided by the battery charged by the solar panel 13.

[0060] Combined with attachment Figure 6 , Attachment Figure 14 and attached Figure 15 As shown, the flow rate monitoring mechanism 5 includes a rotating drum 53 and a second speed sensor 55. The rotating drum 53 is rotatably arranged in the auxiliary channel 32. A spiral platform 54 is provided on the inner side of the rotating drum 53. The second speed sensor 55 detects the speed of the rotating drum 53. A cover platform 51 is provided at the front end of the auxiliary channel 32. A conical cover 52 with multiple through holes is provided on the cover platform 51.

[0061] In order to achieve accurate monitoring of the debris flow velocity, the velocity monitoring mechanism 5 converts the kinetic energy of the debris flow into the rotation of the drum through a clever structural design, and uses a speed sensor to quantify the velocity data.

[0062] The cover platform 51 and the conical cover 52 at the front end of the secondary channel 32 constitute the introduction structure of the debris flow. The conical cover 52 has multiple through holes. Its special shape and through hole design can evenly guide the debris flow into the secondary channel 32, avoiding the influence of uneven fluid impact on measurement accuracy, and at the same time playing the role of preliminary filtering of larger debris to ensure the normal operation of the internal monitoring structure.

[0063] The drum 53 is rotatably arranged in the auxiliary channel 32. The spiral platform 54 inside the drum 53 is a key component for converting the debris flow velocity into the drum rotation speed. When the debris flow flows through the auxiliary channel 32, the impact force of the fluid acts on the spiral platform 54. Due to the unique spiral shape of the spiral platform 54, the linear flow of the debris flow is converted into a rotational driving force for the drum 53, causing the drum 53 to start rotating. The faster the debris flow velocity, the greater the driving force acting on the spiral platform 54, and the higher the rotation speed of the drum 53.

[0064] The speed sensor 2 55 is used to detect the speed of the drum 53. It is connected to the drum 53 and records the number of rotations and frequency of the drum 53 in real time. By pre-establishing a corresponding relationship model between the drum speed and the debris flow velocity, the speed data of the drum 53 measured by the speed sensor 2 55 can be calculated and converted to obtain the actual flow velocity of the debris flow. In this way, the flow velocity monitoring mechanism 5 realizes efficient and accurate monitoring of the debris flow velocity through the coordinated work of various components, providing important data support for debris flow disaster warning.

[0065] The above description of the present invention and its embodiments is non-limiting. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by the above and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creatively designing, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device, comprising a rain sensor (1), a baffle (2) and a detection channel (3), wherein the baffle (2) is installed at a hillside ditch, and the detection channel (3) is installed on the baffle (2), characterized in that: The rain sensor (1) includes a stand (11) and a collection bucket (12) mounted on the top of the stand (11). The inner through hole of the stand (11) is connected to the collection bucket (12). A rubber membrane (15) and a puncture mechanism (16) are provided in the collection bucket (12). A starting mechanism (17) is provided on the stand (11). After the puncture mechanism (16) punctures the rubber membrane (15) containing a certain amount of rainwater, the impact force of the falling water flow causes the starting mechanism (17) to open, thereby causing the detection mechanism inside the detection channel (3) to work. The detection channel (3) includes a main channel (31), and a blocking net (33) and a mud-water impact monitoring mechanism (4) are provided in the main channel (31). The blocking net (33) is movably arranged inside the main channel (31) to block stones in the debris flow. The mud-water impact monitoring mechanism (4) is arranged at the rear side of the blocking net (33). The mud-water impact monitoring mechanism (4) includes a floating plate (41), a turntable (42) and a speed sensor (45). The floating plate (41) is hingedly arranged in the main channel (31). The swing of the floating plate (41) drives the turntable (42) to rotate. The speed sensor (45) detects the speed of the turntable (42). The speed data measured by the speed sensor (45) can be used to convert the impact force of the debris flow into the magnitude, thereby realizing effective monitoring of the impact force of the debris flow. The bottom of the floating plate (41) is provided with a spring five (411) and an arc-shaped rod (412), the spring five (411) is connected to the bottom plate of the main channel (31), a closed chamber (37) is provided in the main channel (31), the arc-shaped rod (412) slides through the top through hole of the closed chamber (37), a driving rod (413) is hingedly provided on the arc-shaped rod (412), a spring six (414) is connected between the driving rod (413) and the arc-shaped rod (412), a limit platform (415) cooperating with the driving rod (413) is provided at the end of the arc-shaped rod (412), and a plurality of outer edge rods (421) cooperating with the driving rod (413) are evenly provided on the turntable (42); The muddy water impact monitoring mechanism (4) further comprises a transmission ring (43) and a one-way rotating device (44), a spline shaft (422) is provided on one side of the turntable (42), a spline groove (432) which matches the spline shaft (422) is provided at the axis of the transmission ring (43), a spring (423) is connected between the transmission ring (43) and the turntable (42), a plurality of outer bosses (431) are provided on one side of the transmission ring (43), and the one-way rotating device (44) comprises a transmission platform (441) and a fixed platform (442). 45), a rotating rod (444) is provided on one side of the transmission platform (441), and the rotating rod (444) is rotatably arranged in the top shell of the speed sensor (45), and an outer boss (442) is provided on the other side to cooperate with the outer boss (431). The fixed platform (445) is fixed to the outer side of the top shell of the speed sensor (45), and a plurality of inclined platforms (443) are provided on the transmission platform (441), and an inclined platform (446) is elastically provided on the fixed platform (445) to cooperate with the inclined platform (443).

2. The debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A frame (331) is provided on the outside of the blocking net (33), an extension rod (332) is provided at a corner of the frame (331), a slide (333) is provided on the extension rod (332), a corner platform (34) is provided at a corner of the main channel (31), the extension rod (332) slides into the corner platform (34), the slide (333) is slidably arranged in an internal through hole of the corner platform (34) and a spring (334) is connected to the corner platform (34), and a pressure sensor (335) is provided in the corner platform (34) and matched with the end of the extension rod (332).

3. The debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable ring platform (151) is provided on the outer edge of the rubber membrane (15), a fixed ring platform (121) is provided in the collecting barrel (12), a spring (122) is connected between the movable ring platform (151) and the fixed ring platform (121), a hole plate (152) is provided on the movable ring platform (151), and a leakage hole (123) connected to the through hole of the hole plate (152) is provided on the side of the collecting barrel (12).

4. The debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The puncture mechanism (16) includes an elastic plate (161) and a base (165) installed on the inner side of the collection barrel (12). The elastic plate (161) is provided with a ring (162) and an elastic rod (163). The ring (162) is in contact with the deformed rubber membrane (15). The bottom end of the elastic rod (163) is provided with a limiting slider (164) that slides in a groove at the top of the base (165). A thorn nail (166) is provided in a through hole of the base (165). A spring 2 (167) is provided at the bottom of the thorn nail (166). The limiting slider (164) is in contact with the thorn nail (166).

5. The debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The starting mechanism (17) includes a movable rod (171) and a starter (175). A starting chamber (111) is provided on the stand (11). The movable rod (171) is hingedly arranged in the starting chamber (111). A circular plate (172) is provided at one end of the movable rod (171), and a striking platform (173) that cooperates with the starter (175) switch is provided at the other end. A spring (174) is connected between the movable rod (171) and the starting chamber (111). The circular plate (172) is provided in a through hole on the inner side of the stand (11). A liquid outlet (112) is provided on the stand (11).

6. The debris flow disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection channel (3) further comprises a secondary channel (32), wherein a flow rate monitoring mechanism (5) is provided in the secondary channel (32), wherein the flow rate monitoring mechanism (5) comprises a rotating drum (53) and a second speed sensor (55), wherein the rotating drum (53) is rotatably provided in the secondary channel (32), a spiral platform (54) is provided on the inner side of the rotating drum (53), and the second speed sensor (55) detects the speed of the rotating drum (53), and a cover platform (51) is provided at the front end of the secondary channel (32), wherein a conical cover (52) with a plurality of through holes is provided on the cover platform (51).

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