Forging forming and heat treatment method and system for automobile balance shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial intelligence, in particular to an automobile balance shaft forging forming and heat treatment method and system.The automobile balance shaft forging forming and heat treatment method comprises the steps that a balance shaft blank is subjected to heat treatment operation through a heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece; comparing the balance shaft standard structure with the balance shaft test piece to obtain a deformation information set, and performing stress test on the balance shaft test piece to obtain residual stress distribution; performing problem flow identification on the heat treatment program according to the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution to obtain a problem flow set and an optimization direction; querying a recommendation scheme set in the optimization direction; performing simulation modeling according to the material structure of the balance shaft, performing parameter assignment on the recommended scheme set to obtain a process solution set, and updating the heat treatment program according to the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; and according to the updated heat treatment program, heat treatment operation is conducted on the balance shaft blank, and the target automobile balance shaft is obtained. The forging efficiency and the qualified rate of the automobile balance shaft can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of artificial intelligence technology, and in particular to a forging and heat treatment method and system for an automobile balance shaft. Background Art

[0002] The automobile balance shaft is a mechanical device used in internal combustion engines to offset engine vibrations and is required to have sufficient strength, rigidity and good dynamic characteristics.

[0003] Today's automotive balance shaft manufacturing process typically uses high-quality steel for mold forming, followed by a heat treatment process of normalizing, quenching, and tempering to eliminate stress within the balance shaft. However, the unique structure of the balance shaft can lead to deformation and uneven stress relief in some areas. These issues can lead to cracking during subsequent testing, resulting in low production yields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention provides a forging forming and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft, the main purpose of which is to improve the forging efficiency and the qualified rate of the automobile balance shaft.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft, comprising: Using a pre-built balancing shaft die, die forging a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balancing shaft blank; and using a pre-built heat treatment program, heat treating the balancing shaft blank to obtain a balancing shaft test piece; Obtaining a standard structure of a balancing shaft, performing difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and performing a stress test on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; Using a pre-trained difference-process traceability model, problem processes of the heat treatment procedure are identified based on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution, and a problem process set and optimization directions of each problem process in the problem process set are obtained; Using the pre-built solution database, query the optimization direction of each problem process and obtain a set of recommended solutions; obtaining a simulation model of a balance shaft material structure, assigning parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the simulation model of the balance shaft material structure to obtain a process solution set, and updating the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; According to the updated heat treatment program, the balance shaft blank is heat treated to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0006] Optionally, the method of using a pre-built balance shaft die to forge a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balance shaft blank includes: Performing a cutting operation based on a preset length on the pre-constructed target steel model to obtain a set of standard billets; Using a pre-built induction heating furnace, heating the standard blank set to a preset temperature range to obtain austenitized blanks; Using a pre-built balance shaft die, the austenitized blank is subjected to a folding forging operation for a preset number of forgings according to a preset first forging pressure to obtain a rough blank, and the rough blank is forged according to a preset second forging pressure to obtain a precision blank; The precision blank is subjected to trimming and punching operations to obtain a balancing shaft blank maintained at a preset normalizing temperature.

[0007] Optionally, the heat treatment operation is performed on the balance shaft blank using a pre-built heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece, including: performing a first air cooling operation on the balance shaft blank according to a pre-established heat treatment program to obtain a normalized balance shaft; Heating the normalized balance shaft to a preset quenching temperature and maintaining the temperature for a preset quenching holding time to obtain a quenched high-temperature balance shaft, and performing a water quenching operation on the quenched high-temperature balance shaft based on a preset water quenching time to obtain a quenched balance shaft; The quenched balancing shaft cooled to a preset room temperature is heated to a preset tempering temperature, maintained for a preset tempering time, and then subjected to a second air cooling operation to obtain a balancing shaft test piece.

[0008] Optionally, performing difference identification on the balance shaft test piece according to the balance shaft standard structure to obtain a deformation information set includes: Acquiring an image of the balancing shaft test piece to obtain an image of the balancing shaft test piece, performing grayscale processing on the image of the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a grayscale image, and performing an edge recognition operation on the grayscale image to obtain a contour image of the balancing shaft test piece; Performing a feature extraction operation on the standard structure and contour image of the balancing shaft to obtain a standard feature set and a test piece feature set, and performing comparative identification on the standard feature set and the test piece feature set to obtain a distinguishing feature set; Identifying regions corresponding to the set of distinguishing features in the image of the balance shaft test piece to obtain a set of distinguishing regions; According to a preset feature engineering algorithm, the distinguishing feature set and the distinguishing region set are quantified to obtain a deformation information set.

[0009] Optionally, performing a stress test on the balance shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution includes: According to a preset polishing strategy, the balance shaft test piece is subjected to a deoxidation treatment to obtain a smooth balance shaft test piece; Performing a laser engraving operation based on a preset range on the smooth balance shaft test piece to obtain a gridded balance shaft; Obtain the initial diffraction angle and stress-free crystal plane spacing based on the pre-constructed stress-free sample; Measuring the interplanar spacing of the gridded balance axis according to the initial diffraction angle to obtain interplanar spacing distribution information, wherein the interplanar spacing distribution information includes a plurality of interplanar spacings; The relative strain between each interplanar spacing in the interplanar spacing distribution information and the stress-free interplanar spacing is calculated to obtain a residual stress distribution.

[0010] Optionally, before using the pre-trained difference-process tracing model, the method further includes: Obtain temperature-phase coupling relationship, phase-stress coupling relationship and stress-deformation coupling relationship; Performing multi-physics coupling simulation operations on the temperature-phase coupling relationship, the phase-stress coupling relationship, and the stress-deformation coupling relationship to obtain a temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupling simulation model; Obtaining a training sample set, and obtaining a difference-process traceability model including the temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupled simulation modeling; According to a pre-built cross entropy loss algorithm, the difference-process tracing model is subjected to regression training using the training sample set to obtain a trained difference-process tracing model.

[0011] Optionally, identifying a problem process of the heat treatment program based on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution to obtain a problem process set and an optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set includes: Performing feature splicing on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution to obtain a macroscopic and microscopic fusion feature set; Performing a temperature change inducement identification operation based on uneven stress distribution and deformation on the macroscopic and microscopic fusion feature set to obtain a temperature change inducement set; Identify the steps of each temperature change inducement in the temperature change inducement set in the heat treatment program to obtain a problem process set; The improvement direction of the temperature change inducement set is identified to obtain the optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set.

[0012] Optionally, after performing a heat treatment operation on the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft, the method further includes: Performing residual stress identification on the target automobile balance shaft to obtain a residual stress detection result; Performing a qualification test on the residual stress test result based on stress distribution and stress magnitude to obtain a stress test result; When the stress detection result meets the preset stress distribution requirement, determining that the updated heat treatment program is established; When the stress detection result does not meet the preset stress distribution requirement, the difference-process traceability model is updated and trained to achieve recalculation of the updated heat treatment program.

[0013] Optionally, after determining that the updated heat treatment program is established, the method further includes: Identifying differences between the target vehicle balance shaft and the standard balance shaft structure to obtain an updated deformation information set; performing a geometric pre-deformation compensation prediction operation on the updated deformation information set to obtain a reverse curvature information set; According to the reverse curvature information set, the balancing shaft mold is modified to obtain an updated balancing shaft mold.

[0014] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention further provides a forging and heat treatment system for an automobile balance shaft, comprising: a heat treatment test module, configured to use a pre-built balance shaft die to perform die forging on a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balance shaft blank, and to perform a heat treatment operation on the balance shaft blank using a pre-built heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece; a difference identification module, configured to obtain a standard structure of a balancing shaft, perform difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and perform stress testing on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; a process update module for using a pre-trained difference-process traceability model to identify problem processes in the heat treatment program based on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution, obtaining a problem process set and an optimization direction for each problem process in the problem process set, querying the optimization direction of each problem process using a pre-built solution database to obtain a recommended solution set, and obtaining a balance shaft material structure simulation model; assigning parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the balance shaft material structure simulation model to obtain a process solution set; and updating the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; The automobile balance shaft forging module is used to perform heat treatment operations on the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0015] In order to solve the above problem, the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory storing at least one instruction; The processor executes the instructions stored in the memory to implement the above-mentioned automobile balance shaft forging and heat treatment method.

[0016] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is executed by a processor in an electronic device to implement the above-mentioned automobile balance shaft forging and heat treatment method.

[0017] To address the problems described in the background art, the present invention first performs macroscopic and microscopic identification on the balance shaft test piece generated by the initial heat treatment process, obtaining a deformation information set and a residual stress distribution, respectively. Macroscopic identification understands the balance shaft deformation through image observation, while microscopic identification refers to inferring the residual stress distribution by understanding the interplanar spacing in the crystal. The deformation information set includes deformation caused by stress redistribution, while the residual stress distribution itself contains some stress uniformity and magnitude relationships. Therefore, the present invention integrates the characteristics of the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution as an input for identifying heat treatment process anomalies. In addition, in the process of identifying problematic processes, the present invention uses a pre-trained difference-process tracing model to improve identification efficiency and accuracy. The difference-process tracing model embeds temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupled simulation modeling, which improves the accuracy of identifying temperature changes through stress and deformation changes. After identifying the problematic process set, it facilitates the improvement of the heat treatment plan. Therefore, the present invention can improve the forging efficiency and pass rate of automotive balance shafts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a functional module diagram of a forging and heat treatment system for an automobile balance shaft provided by one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device for implementing the forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 1. Electronic device; 10. Processor; 11. Memory; 12. Bus.

[0020] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for forging, forming, and heat treating an automobile balance shaft. The method may be performed by at least one of a server, a terminal, or other electronic device capable of executing the method provided by the embodiments of the present application. In other words, the method may be performed by software or hardware installed on a terminal or server device. The server may include, but is not limited to, a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cloud server cluster.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft includes: S1. Using a pre-built balancing shaft die, die forging a pre-built target steel model is performed to obtain a balancing shaft blank. Using a pre-built heat treatment program, heat treatment is performed on the balancing shaft blank to obtain a balancing shaft test piece.

[0024] The balance shaft die is a hollow device used for die-forging automotive balance shafts, a mechanical device used to offset engine vibrations in internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the forging and heat treatment method of this solution is also applicable to shafts such as motor shafts, input shafts, and output shafts.

[0025] The target steel type is currently suitable for constructing automobile balance shafts, such as No. 50 steel or medium carbon alloy steel 40Cr.

[0026] The die forging refers to the process of die-casting the automobile balance shaft through a balance shaft die.

[0027] The balance shaft blank refers to the automobile balance shaft that is shelled from the balance shaft mold and transferred to the production line.

[0028] The heat treatment program is a collection of specific operating instructions in each heat treatment process.

[0029] Among them, the heat treatment refers to the operation of heating and cooling the automobile balance shaft, the purpose of which is to increase the fluidity of the metal by increasing the temperature, so that the metal can flow following the stress, thereby alleviating the stress in the metal and improving the uniformity of the stress distribution.

[0030] The balance shaft test piece refers to an automobile balance shaft used to test whether a heat treatment procedure is reasonable.

[0031] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method of using a pre-built balance shaft die to forge a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balance shaft blank includes: Performing a cutting operation based on a preset length on the pre-constructed target steel model to obtain a set of standard billets; Using a pre-built induction heating furnace, heating the standard blank set to a preset temperature range to obtain austenitized blanks; Using a pre-built balance shaft die, the austenitized blank is subjected to a folding forging operation for a preset number of forgings according to a preset first forging pressure to obtain a rough blank, and the rough blank is forged according to a preset second forging pressure to obtain a precision blank; The precision blank is subjected to trimming and punching operations to obtain a balancing shaft blank maintained at a preset normalizing temperature.

[0032] Among them, the preset length configuration is 120~150mm in diameter, 800mm in length, and the weight error is within 5%.

[0033] The cutting operation refers to the operation of dividing a long strip or a large block of target steel into small pieces of steel. The standard billet set refers to a set of standard billets cut according to a preset length.

[0034] The induction heating furnace is a heating furnace device that heats by electromagnetic induction.

[0035] The preset temperature range is 1200-1250° C. The austenitized blank is a blank in which the metal is red-hot and fully burned (the temperature difference between the core and the surface is less than 50° C.) but not yet molten.

[0036] The first forging pressure is set to 8,000 tons. The preset number of forging passes is 2. The folding forging operation refers to the process of extruding the austenitized billet using a pressure device, folding it, and then extruding it again. The rough blank is the result of folding forging the austenitized billet.

[0037] The second forging pressure is set to 12,000 tons. Forging refers to the process of applying a 12,000-ton pressure impact to the rough blank through a pressure device. The precision blank refers to the forging result of the rough blank.

[0038] The trimming and punching operation refers to the operation of removing the burrs of the precision blank by hydraulic shearing and punching out the steering knuckle mounting hole in a hot state.

[0039] Wherein, the normalizing temperature is configured to be 875°C.

[0040] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, a target steel type, 40Cr or 42CrMo, can be cut to a standard billet set using a cutting standard of 120-150mm in diameter and 800mm in length. This billet set is then placed in an induction heating furnace and heated to 1200°C, where it reaches a solid austenitized state, resulting in an austenitized billet.

[0041] The present invention then uses a balance shaft die to forge the austenitized blank. During the die forging process, the present invention uses a double folding forging at 8,000 tons to produce a rough blank, which is then die-casted through a single forging at 12,000 tons to obtain a precision blank. At this point, the precision blank is a single sheet, making it difficult to install or use. Therefore, the present invention then uses trimming and punching operations to create the necessary cavities, and shears the hemming on the precision blank. The resulting balance shaft blank, maintained at 875 degrees Celsius, is then transferred to the assembly line for the next heat treatment step.

[0042] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment operation is performed on the balance shaft blank using a pre-built heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece, including: performing a first air cooling operation on the balance shaft blank according to a pre-established heat treatment program to obtain a normalized balance shaft; Heating the normalized balance shaft to a preset quenching temperature and maintaining the temperature for a preset quenching holding time to obtain a quenched high-temperature balance shaft, and performing a water quenching operation on the quenched high-temperature balance shaft based on a preset water quenching time to obtain a quenched balance shaft; The quenched balancing shaft cooled to a preset room temperature is heated to a preset tempering temperature, maintained for a preset tempering time, and then subjected to a second air cooling operation to obtain a balancing shaft test piece.

[0043] The heat treatment process includes normalizing, quenching, and tempering. Normalizing refers to heating the material to 30-50°C above the critical temperature (e.g., above the Ac3 or Ac1 line for steel), followed by natural air cooling. Quenching refers to heating above the critical temperature, holding the temperature, and then rapidly cooling (in water, oil, or a polymer medium). Tempering refers to heating the quenched material to below Ac1 (150-650°C), holding the temperature, and then cooling it in air or oil.

[0044] The first air cooling operation refers to the process of air cooling the balance shaft blank for the first time in the present invention. The normalized balance shaft refers to the automobile balance shaft after the normalizing process is completed.

[0045] The preset quenching temperature is set to 800° C. The quenching holding time is set to 10 minutes. The quenched high-temperature balance shaft refers to an automobile balance shaft that is about to be water quenched during the quenching process.

[0046] The preset water quenching time is set to 200 seconds. The quenched balance shaft refers to a balance shaft of an automobile after a quenching operation.

[0047] Wherein, the preset room temperature is configured to be 20°C.

[0048] The tempering temperature is set to 550° C., and the tempering time is set to 3 hours.

[0049] The second air cooling operation refers to the second air cooling operation performed on the automobile balance shaft in the present invention.

[0050] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present invention, annealing is used to soften, relieve stress, and refine grains; normalizing is used to refine grains and eliminate carbide networks; quenching is used to obtain high-hardness martensite; and tempering is used to eliminate brittleness and adjust strength and toughness. Considering the requirements for hardness, strength, and toughness of automotive balance shafts, the heat treatment process of the present invention adopts a normalizing + quenching + tempering process.

[0051] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the balance shaft blank is at 875°C upon arrival at the production line or assembly line. The present invention first air-cools the balance shaft blank to 508°C, resulting in a normalized balance shaft. The quenching process then begins, raising the temperature of the normalized balance shaft to 800°C and holding it for 10 minutes. The balance shaft is then placed in a water bath for 200 seconds and cooled to room temperature, resulting in a quenched balance shaft.

[0052] Furthermore, the present invention heats the quenched balance shaft to 550°C, maintains the temperature for 3 hours, and then takes it out for a second air cooling operation to reduce the temperature to room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, thereby obtaining a balance shaft test piece.

[0053] S2. Obtain a standard structure of the balancing shaft, perform differential identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and perform a stress test on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution.

[0054] The standard structure of the balance shaft refers to the standard form of the automobile balance shaft designed by the designer.

[0055] The difference identification refers to the operation of identifying whether various parts of the standard balance shaft structure and the balance shaft test piece are different. The deformation information set refers to the information set that distinguishes the standard balance shaft structure from the balance shaft test piece, such as cracking, bending, deformation, etc.

[0056] The stress test refers to a method of performing stress scanning on a balance shaft test piece using a scanning device. The residual stress distribution indicates the magnitude and uniformity of stress in various parts of the balance shaft test piece.

[0057] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, performing difference identification on the balance shaft test piece according to the balance shaft standard structure to obtain a set of deformation information includes: Acquiring an image of the balancing shaft test piece to obtain an image of the balancing shaft test piece, performing grayscale processing on the image of the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a grayscale image, and performing an edge recognition operation on the grayscale image to obtain a contour image of the balancing shaft test piece; Performing a feature extraction operation on the standard structure and contour image of the balancing shaft to obtain a standard feature set and a test piece feature set, and performing comparative identification on the standard feature set and the test piece feature set to obtain a distinguishing feature set; Identifying regions corresponding to the set of distinguishing features in the image of the balance shaft test piece to obtain a set of distinguishing regions; According to a preset feature engineering algorithm, the distinguishing feature set and the distinguishing region set are quantified to obtain a deformation information set.

[0058] The image acquisition refers to the process of shooting with an optical camera, and the image of the balance shaft test piece is the result of shooting the balance shaft test piece.

[0059] The grayscale processing refers to the operation of converting the three-color channel data into black and white channel data. The grayscale image is the grayscale result of the balance shaft test piece image.

[0060] The edge recognition operation refers to an operation of performing image segmentation based on grayscale intensity in the image. The contour image refers to the result of segmenting the object edge of the vehicle balance shaft in the grayscale image.

[0061] The feature extraction operation refers to the process of performing convolution pooling using a pre-built CNN neural network. The standard feature set represents the feature extraction results of the standard structure of the balance shaft. The test piece feature set represents the feature extraction results of the contour image.

[0062] The comparative identification refers to a process of performing binary classification identification through a fully connected layer of a CNN neural network. The distinguishing feature set refers to a set of distinguishing features between a standard feature set and a test piece feature set.

[0063] The process of identifying the corresponding regions of the distinguishing feature set in the balance shaft test piece image can be performed by labeling using an activation function of an output layer. The distinguishing region set is a set of individual distinguishing regions.

[0064] The feature engineering algorithm is a method for quantifying the potential features between data features. The deformation information set represents the quantified result of the relationship between each feature in the distinguishing feature set and the distinguishing region set.

[0065] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, a camera is first used to capture images of the balance shaft test piece at various angles to obtain a balance shaft test piece image. This image is then converted into a grayscale image using a grayscale formula. Edge recognition is then performed using a pre-built Sobel operator to obtain a contour image of the balance shaft test piece.

[0066] Then, in this embodiment of the present invention, a pre-built comparative recognition neural network is first used to extract features from the standard structure and contour image of the balance shaft through a feature extraction process, resulting in a standard feature set and a test piece feature set. Feature splicing and feature judgment are then used to identify differences between the standard structure and contour image of the balance shaft, resulting in a distinguishing feature set. In this embodiment of the present invention, to identify higher-level feature relationships within the distinguishing features, feature engineering algorithms such as mean, variance, and correspondence are used to quantize and encode the distinguishing feature set and the distinguishing region set, resulting in a deformation information set.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present invention, the deformation information set can be used to identify possible problems of the balance shaft test piece from a macro perspective.

[0068] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, performing stress testing on the balance shaft test piece to obtain residual stress distribution includes: According to a preset polishing strategy, the balance shaft test piece is subjected to a deoxidation treatment to obtain a smooth balance shaft test piece; Performing a laser engraving operation based on a preset range on the smooth balance shaft test piece to obtain a gridded balance shaft; Obtain the initial diffraction angle and stress-free crystal plane spacing based on the pre-constructed stress-free sample; Measuring the interplanar spacing of the gridded balance axis according to the initial diffraction angle to obtain interplanar spacing distribution information, wherein the interplanar spacing distribution information includes a plurality of interplanar spacings; The relative strain between each interplanar spacing in the interplanar spacing distribution information and the stress-free interplanar spacing is calculated to obtain a residual stress distribution.

[0069] The polishing strategy is a process for polishing the balance shaft test piece according to different polishing sequences.

[0070] The oxidation layer removal treatment refers to the process of removing the oxidation layer on the balance shaft test piece. The smooth balance shaft test piece refers to an automobile balance shaft without an oxidation layer in the tested area.

[0071] Wherein, the preset range is configured as 5×5 mm.

[0072] The laser engraving operation refers to the process of engraving a grid on a smooth balance shaft test piece by laser. The gridded balance shaft refers to an automobile balance shaft engraved with a grid.

[0073] The stress-free sample refers to an object without stress. The initial diffraction angle is 156.4°, which is used to calibrate the angular offset of the diffractometer. The stress-free crystal interplanar spacing is the distance between adjacent crystal surfaces in the absence of stress interference.

[0074] The measurement of the interplanar spacing of the gridded balance axis according to the initial diffraction angle can be obtained by a diffractometer. The interplanar spacing distribution information is the distance distribution of the crystal planes in each area.

[0075] The relative strain refers to the difference between the interplanar spacing and the stress-free interplanar spacing, which is then divided by the stress-free interplanar spacing.

[0076] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, an X-ray diffractometer is used to identify stress distribution. Stress distribution can be represented by crystal plane distance. Therefore, the present invention can observe the change of crystal plane distance in each region and thus infer the stress distribution in each region.

[0077] Specifically, in the present embodiment, the balance shaft test piece is first rubbed with a grinding fineness of 180# to 2000# to remove oxide scale from the surface, resulting in a smooth balance shaft test piece. Next, a 5×5 mm grid is laser-engraved in the measurement area, serving as a measurement reference, to create a gridded balance shaft.

[0078] Furthermore, the present invention uses pure iron powder as a stress-free sample to obtain a diffraction angle 2θ with an error of less than 0.01°. The present invention measured a diffraction angle 2θ of 156.4° and a stress-free crystal interplanar spacing of d0.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present invention, interplanar spacing measurement is performed, and the measured interplanar spacing is d1, thereby obtaining interplanar spacing distribution information. Relative strain is then obtained by (d1 - d0) / d0, and relative strain can be converted into residual stress distribution using generalized Hooke's law.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, the balance shaft test piece can be observed microscopically through the residual stress distribution.

[0081] S3. Using the pre-trained difference-process traceability model, according to the deformation information set and residual stress distribution, the problem process of the heat treatment program is identified to obtain the problem process set and the optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set.

[0082] The difference-process tracing model is a neural network model, which is used to trace back and infer problems in the process based on problems in the balance shaft test piece.

[0083] The problem process identification represents the network forward operation process of the difference-process traceability model on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution. The problem process set represents the set of processes where each problem exists. The optimization direction represents the optimization suggestions for the process problem.

[0084] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, before using the pre-trained difference-process tracing model, the method further includes: Obtain temperature-phase coupling relationship, phase-stress coupling relationship and stress-deformation coupling relationship; Performing multi-physics coupling simulation operations on the temperature-phase coupling relationship, the phase-stress coupling relationship, and the stress-deformation coupling relationship to obtain a temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupling simulation model; Obtaining a training sample set, and obtaining a difference-process traceability model including the temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupled simulation modeling; According to a pre-built cross entropy loss algorithm, the difference-process tracing model is subjected to regression training using the training sample set to obtain a trained difference-process tracing model.

[0085] The temperature-phase coupling relationship is a formula for fitting the relationship between temperature and phase, which is expressed as: ; Where ρ represents the material density, represents the specific heat capacity, represents the symbol of partial derivative, T represents the temperature field, ▽ represents the Nabla operator, k represents the thermal conductivity, Expressed in W / m 3 The latent heat of phase change in units of J / kg refers to the heat released or absorbed by the phase change. L represents the latent heat of phase change in units of J / kg, which represents the volume fraction of phase change. Indicates time.

[0086] The phase-stress coupling relationship represents the relationship between phase and stress, which is expressed as: ; Where, represents the phase change volume fraction, 、 represents the material constant, Negative seconds power, that is , Dimensionless, calibrated by DSC experiment, A represents the Arrhenius prefactor, the unit is the negative first power of seconds, i.e. s -1 , It represents the activation energy of phase change, and its unit is joule per mole, i.e. J / mol. R represents the gas constant, which is the legal unit of measurement joule per mole Kelvin.

[0087] The stress-deformation coupling relationship represents the relationship between stress and deformation, which is expressed as: ; Where σ represents the stress tensor, unit is MPa, D represents the elastic stiffness matrix, unit is MPa, ε represents the total strain, represents thermal strain, represents plastic strain and is a dimensionless ratio.

[0088] The multi-physics field coupling simulation operation refers to simulating and fitting the relationship between various parameters. The temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupling simulation model is a simulation mathematical model of the relationship between temperature, phase change, stress and deformation.

[0089] The training sample set refers to a set of samples of a single relationship between temperature and stress, or between temperature and deformation.

[0090] The cross-entropy loss algorithm is an algorithm that evaluates the difference between the predicted result (problem process) and the true label. Regression training is a method that uses machine learning to enable the model to understand the relationship between temperature and stress, temperature and deformation, etc.

[0091] Specifically, in this embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned coupling relationships are fitted into a multidimensional space, implementing a multi-physics field fitting operation to obtain a temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupled simulation model. Then, using a training sample set containing both single and mixed coupling relationships, a cross-entropy loss algorithm is used to perform regression training on the difference-process traceability model, resulting in a trained difference-process traceability model.

[0092] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, the problem process identification of the heat treatment program is performed based on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution to obtain a problem process set and an optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set, including: Performing feature splicing on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution to obtain a macroscopic and microscopic fusion feature set; Performing a temperature change inducement identification operation based on uneven stress distribution and deformation on the macroscopic and microscopic fusion feature set to obtain a temperature change inducement set; Identify the steps of each temperature change inducement in the temperature change inducement set in the heat treatment program to obtain a problem process set; The improvement direction of the temperature change inducement set is identified to obtain the optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set.

[0093] The feature splicing refers to connecting the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution vectors into one vector. The macro-micro fusion feature set refers to the vector splicing result of the macro deformation information set and the micro residual stress distribution.

[0094] The temperature change cause identification operation refers to the process of inferring possible temperature issues based on changes in deformation and stress. The temperature change cause set is a collection of possible temperature issues. Here, a temperature issue refers to a problem with a specific temperature configuration during a heat treatment process, which can cause sudden stress changes and uneven stress distribution in the vehicle balance shaft.

[0095] The problem process set refers to a set of heat treatment steps where each temperature problem is located.

[0096] The improvement direction identification is a process of identifying the solutions corresponding to each temperature problem through a neural network. The optimization direction refers to the solution direction corresponding to the temperature problem.

[0097] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, both the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution have temperature-induced anomalies. Therefore, it is necessary to perform feature splicing on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution to obtain a macro-micro fusion feature set. In an embodiment of the present invention, a forward network calculation is performed on the macro-micro fusion feature set through the trained difference-process tracing model. First, feature extraction is performed to obtain a set of temperature change inducements, and then full connection recognition is performed to obtain a problem process set. After the problem process set is determined, the problem process set can be marked with a solution direction according to an activation function to obtain the optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set. For example, if a temperature process is to heat up to 800 degrees Celsius, the optimization direction may be to reduce the heating rate, increase the heating rate, reduce the temperature height, etc.

[0098] S4. Using the pre-built solution database, query the optimization direction of each problem process and obtain a set of recommended solutions.

[0099] The solution database is a database that stores a large number of current heat treatment processes. The recommended optimization solution set refers to the specific solution corresponding to each optimization direction.

[0100] Specifically, in this embodiment of the present invention, commonly used heat treatment solutions are obtained online, such as quenching with a variable-gradient concentration quenching solution, rotary spraying, and delayed quenching. In this embodiment of the present invention, if a process temperature gradient exceeds the specified value and the optimization direction is to reduce the rate of temperature change, the specific solution can be configured as delayed quenching equilibrium phase transition.

[0101] S5. Obtain a simulation model of the balance shaft material structure, assign parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the simulation model, and obtain a process solution set. Based on the process solution set, update the heat treatment program to obtain an updated heat treatment program.

[0102] The balance shaft material structure simulation modeling refers to the result of digital simulation of the forging material of the automobile balance shaft and the standard structure of the balance shaft.

[0103] The parameter assignment refers to filling the preset parameter configuration information into the recommended solution. The parameter configuration information is calculated based on the simulation modeling of the balance shaft material structure to calculate the specific parameter configuration that can achieve stress relief for each recommended solution.

[0104] The step of assigning parameters is a process of numerically configuring specific values of the optimization solution according to the balance shaft structure in the differentiated area.

[0105] The process solution set represents a set of recommended solutions for specific improvements. The recommended optimization solution set only includes technology and direction. The process solution set includes technology, direction, and specific operation values.

[0106] The updating operation is a process of replacing the corresponding solutions in the heat treatment program with the process solutions set. The updating heat treatment program is a heat treatment program whose content is partially replaced by the process solutions set.

[0107] Specifically, in this embodiment of the present invention, given the known objective of eliminating stress effects and the material and structure of an automotive balance shaft, a simple regression network can be used to calculate the required parameter values, after providing guidance on the problem process and optimization direction, to assign a process solution set. In this embodiment of the present invention, the process solution set replaces the original problem process in the heat treatment program, resulting in an updated heat treatment program.

[0108] S6. Performing heat treatment on the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0109] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the update of the heat treatment program is completed, a test heat treatment process can be performed on the balance shaft blank to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0110] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, after performing a heat treatment operation on the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft, the method further includes: Performing residual stress identification on the target automobile balance shaft to obtain a residual stress detection result; Performing a qualification test on the residual stress test result based on stress distribution and stress magnitude to obtain a stress test result; When the stress detection result meets the preset stress distribution requirement, determining that the updated heat treatment program is established; When the stress detection result does not meet the preset stress distribution requirement, the difference-process traceability model is updated and trained to achieve recalculation of the updated heat treatment program.

[0111] The residual stress identification refers to the process of performing stress testing using an X-ray diffractometer, and the residual stress detection result refers to the stress distribution of the target vehicle balance shaft.

[0112] The qualification test refers to checking whether the stress distribution of the target vehicle balance shaft meets the preset test range, such as: [tensile stress, maximum allowable value: ≤200 MPa (to avoid surface crack initiation); high-risk areas (such as shoulders and forks): ≤150 MPa], [compressive stress, ideal range: -100 MPa ~ -300 MPa (to improve fatigue life); excessive high pressure stress (less than or equal to -400 MPa)] and [core stress -50 MPa ~ -150 MPa].

[0113] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, residual stress test results are obtained using an X-ray diffractometer. When the residual stress test results are within the detection range, this indicates that the modified and updated heat treatment procedure is more effective than the existing heat treatment procedure, and the updated heat treatment procedure can be used for subsequent production processes. However, when the residual stress test results are not within the detection range, this indicates that stress distribution issues still exist in the target vehicle balance shaft, and the target vehicle balance shaft may exhibit cracks, bends, or other consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to retrain the difference-process traceability model and rebuild the updated heat treatment procedure.

[0114] In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, after determining that the updated heat treatment program is established, the method further includes: Identifying differences between the target vehicle balance shaft and the standard balance shaft structure to obtain an updated deformation information set; performing a geometric pre-deformation compensation prediction operation on the updated deformation information set to obtain a reverse curvature information set; According to the reverse curvature information set, the balancing shaft mold is modified to obtain an updated balancing shaft mold.

[0115] The difference is the same as the difference identification process in S2 above, which is not described in detail here. The updated deformation information set represents a set of differences between the standard structure of the balance shaft and the balance shaft of the target vehicle.

[0116] The geometric pre-deformation compensation prediction operation involves, knowing that high temperatures can cause the U-shaped opening of an automotive balance shaft to collapse, applying a reverse curvature to the U-shaped opening area of the balance shaft during the construction of the balance shaft mold. This ensures that the balance shaft blank, after undergoing heat treatment and bending, conforms to the standard balance shaft structure. The reverse curvature information set represents the set of reverse curvatures for each region.

[0117] The updated balancing shaft mold indicates the result of modifying the balancing shaft mold by reversing the curvature.

[0118] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present invention, various factors, such as gravity, structural thickness, and material, can cause the structure of a certain area of the automotive balance shaft to deform during heat treatment as stress dissipates. This deformation results in no residual stress. By observing the curvature of this deformation, we can then apply a reverse curvature to the balance shaft mold, resulting in the desired standard structural curvature after heat treatment.

[0119] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, an updated balance shaft mold can be used to perform a predictive balance shaft blank production process, and ultimately obtain an automobile balance shaft with a standard balance shaft structure.

[0120] To address the problems described in the background art, the present invention first performs macroscopic and microscopic identification on the balance shaft test piece generated by the initial heat treatment process, obtaining a deformation information set and a residual stress distribution, respectively. Macroscopic identification understands the balance shaft deformation through image observation, while microscopic identification refers to inferring the residual stress distribution by understanding the interplanar spacing in the crystal. The deformation information set includes deformation caused by stress redistribution, while the residual stress distribution itself contains some stress uniformity and magnitude relationships. Therefore, the present invention integrates the characteristics of the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution as an input for identifying heat treatment process anomalies. In addition, in the process of identifying problematic processes, the present invention uses a pre-trained difference-process tracing model to improve identification efficiency and accuracy. The difference-process tracing model embeds temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupled simulation modeling, which improves the accuracy of identifying temperature changes through stress and deformation changes. After identifying the problematic process set, it facilitates the improvement of the heat treatment plan. Therefore, the present invention can improve the forging efficiency and pass rate of automotive balance shafts.

[0121] like Figure 2 1 is a functional module diagram of a forging and heat treatment system for an automobile balance shaft provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0122] The automotive balance shaft forging and heat treatment system 100 described in the present invention can be installed in an electronic device. Depending on the functionality implemented, the automotive balance shaft forging and heat treatment system 100 may include a heat treatment testing module 101, a difference identification module 102, a process update module 103, and an automotive balance shaft forging module 104. A module, also referred to as a unit, is a series of computer program segments that can be executed by an electronic device processor and perform a fixed function. These are stored in the electronic device's memory.

[0123] The heat treatment test module 101 is used to use a pre-built balance shaft mold to perform die forging on a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balance shaft blank, and to perform a heat treatment operation on the balance shaft blank using a pre-built heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece; The difference identification module 102 is configured to obtain a standard structure of a balancing shaft, perform difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and perform stress testing on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; The process updating module 103 is configured to use a pre-trained difference-process traceability model to identify problem processes in the heat treatment program based on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution, obtain a problem process set and an optimization direction for each problem process in the problem process set, query the optimization direction for each problem process in the problem process set using a pre-built solution database, obtain a recommended solution set, obtain a balance shaft material structure simulation model, assign parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the balance shaft material structure simulation model, obtain a process solution set, and update the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; The automobile balance shaft forging module 104 is configured to perform a heat treatment operation on the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0124] In detail, the modules in the automobile balance shaft forging and heat treatment system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention are used in the same manner as above. Figure 1 The forging and heat treatment methods for the automobile balance shaft described in the forging and heat treatment methods are the same technical means and can produce the same technical effects, so they will not be repeated here.

[0125] like Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing a forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0126] The electronic device 1 may include a processor 10, a memory 11 and a bus 12, and may also include a computer program stored in the memory 11 and executable on the processor 10, such as a program for forging and heat treatment of an automobile balance shaft.

[0127] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, including flash memory, a removable hard disk, a multimedia card, a card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 1, such as a removable hard disk of the electronic device 1. In other embodiments, the memory 11 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 1, such as a plug-in removable hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a flash memory card, etc. Furthermore, the memory 11 includes both the internal storage unit of the electronic device 1 and external storage devices. The memory 11 can be used not only to store application software installed in the electronic device 1 and various data, such as the code for the forging and heat treatment method program for an automotive balance shaft, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or is about to be output.

[0128] In some embodiments, the processor 10 may be comprised of an integrated circuit, such as a single packaged integrated circuit or multiple packaged integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and a combination of various control chips. The processor 10 is the control core (control unit) of the electronic device, connecting the various components of the electronic device using various interfaces and circuits. It executes programs or modules stored in the memory 11 (e.g., a program for forging and heat treatment methods for automotive balance shafts) and accesses data stored in the memory 11 to perform various functions and process data.

[0129] The bus 12 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus. The bus 12 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus 12 is configured to enable communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10, etc.

[0130] Figure 3 Only the electronic device with components is shown, and it can be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 3The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device 1 , and may include fewer or more components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0131] For example, although not shown, the electronic device 1 may further include a power supply (e.g., a battery) to power various components. Preferably, the power supply may be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 via a power management device, thereby enabling functions such as charge management, discharge management, and power consumption management via the power management device. The power supply may further include any components such as one or more DC or AC power supplies, a recharging device, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, and a power status indicator. The electronic device 1 may also include various sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which are not further described here.

[0132] Furthermore, the electronic device 1 may also include a network interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface, a Bluetooth interface, etc.), which is generally used to establish a communication connection between the electronic device 1 and other electronic devices.

[0133] Optionally, the electronic device 1 may further include a user interface, which may be a display or an input unit (such as a keyboard). Optionally, the user interface may also be a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen. The display may also be appropriately referred to as a display screen or a display unit, and is used to display information processed by the electronic device 1 and to display a visual user interface.

[0134] The automobile balance shaft forging and heat treatment method program stored in the memory 11 of the electronic device 1 is a combination of multiple instructions. When running in the processor 10, it can achieve the following: Using a pre-built balancing shaft die, die forging a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balancing shaft blank; and using a pre-built heat treatment program, heat treating the balancing shaft blank to obtain a balancing shaft test piece; Obtaining a standard structure of a balancing shaft, performing difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and performing a stress test on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; Using a pre-trained difference-process traceability model, problem processes of the heat treatment procedure are identified based on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution, and a problem process set and optimization directions of each problem process in the problem process set are obtained; Using the pre-built solution database, query the optimization direction of each problem process and obtain a set of recommended solutions; obtaining a simulation model of a balance shaft material structure, assigning parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the simulation model of the balance shaft material structure to obtain a process solution set, and updating the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; According to the updated heat treatment program, the balance shaft blank is heat treated to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0135] Specifically, the specific implementation method of the processor 10 for the above instructions can refer to Figures 1 to 3 The description of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0136] Furthermore, if the modules / units integrated into the electronic device 1 are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, or a read-only memory (ROM).

[0137] The present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor of an electronic device, the computer program can implement: Using a pre-built balancing shaft die, die forging a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balancing shaft blank; and using a pre-built heat treatment program, heat treating the balancing shaft blank to obtain a balancing shaft test piece; Obtaining a standard structure of a balancing shaft, performing difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and performing a stress test on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; Using a pre-trained difference-process traceability model, problem processes of the heat treatment procedure are identified based on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution, and a problem process set and optimization directions of each problem process in the problem process set are obtained; Using the pre-built solution database, query the optimization direction of each problem process and obtain a set of recommended solutions; obtaining a simulation model of a balance shaft material structure, assigning parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the simulation model of the balance shaft material structure to obtain a process solution set, and updating the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; According to the updated heat treatment program, the balance shaft blank is heat treated to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

[0138] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are only exemplary, and actual implementations may have other division methods.

[0139] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0140] In addition, the functional modules in various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or hardware plus software functional modules.

[0141] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0142] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft, characterized in that: The method comprises: Using a pre-built balancing shaft die, die forging a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balancing shaft blank; and using a pre-built heat treatment program, heat treating the balancing shaft blank to obtain a balancing shaft test piece; Obtaining a standard structure of a balancing shaft, performing difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and performing a stress test on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; Using a pre-trained difference-process traceability model, problem processes of the heat treatment procedure are identified based on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution, and a problem process set and optimization directions of each problem process in the problem process set are obtained; Using the pre-built solution database, query the optimization direction of each problem process and obtain a set of recommended solutions; obtaining a simulation model of a balance shaft material structure, assigning parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the simulation model of the balance shaft material structure to obtain a process solution set, and updating the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; According to the updated heat treatment program, the balance shaft blank is heat treated to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

2. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 1, wherein: The method of using a pre-built balance shaft die to forge a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balance shaft blank includes: Performing a cutting operation based on a preset length on the pre-constructed target steel model to obtain a set of standard billets; Using a pre-built induction heating furnace, heating the standard blank set to a preset temperature range to obtain austenitized blanks; Using a pre-built balance shaft die, the austenitized blank is subjected to a folding forging operation for a preset number of forgings according to a preset first forging pressure to obtain a rough blank, and the rough blank is forged according to a preset second forging pressure to obtain a precision blank; The precision blank is subjected to trimming and punching operations to obtain a balancing shaft blank maintained at a preset normalizing temperature.

3. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 2, wherein: The method of heat treating the balance shaft blank using a pre-built heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece includes: performing a first air cooling operation on the balance shaft blank according to a pre-established heat treatment program to obtain a normalized balance shaft; Heating the normalized balance shaft to a preset quenching temperature and maintaining the temperature for a preset quenching holding time to obtain a quenched high-temperature balance shaft, and performing a water quenching operation on the quenched high-temperature balance shaft based on a preset water quenching time to obtain a quenched balance shaft; The quenched balancing shaft cooled to a preset room temperature is heated to a preset tempering temperature, maintained for a preset tempering time, and then subjected to a second air cooling operation to obtain a balancing shaft test piece.

4. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 3, wherein: The step of performing difference identification on the balance shaft test piece according to the balance shaft standard structure to obtain a set of deformation information includes: Acquiring an image of the balancing shaft test piece to obtain an image of the balancing shaft test piece, performing grayscale processing on the image of the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a grayscale image, and performing an edge recognition operation on the grayscale image to obtain a contour image of the balancing shaft test piece; Performing a feature extraction operation on the standard structure and contour image of the balancing shaft to obtain a standard feature set and a test piece feature set, and performing comparative identification on the standard feature set and the test piece feature set to obtain a distinguishing feature set; Identifying regions corresponding to the set of distinguishing features in the image of the balance shaft test piece to obtain a set of distinguishing regions; According to a preset feature engineering algorithm, the distinguishing feature set and the distinguishing region set are quantified to obtain a deformation information set.

5. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 4, wherein: The performing stress testing on the balance shaft test piece to obtain residual stress distribution includes: According to a preset polishing strategy, the balance shaft test piece is subjected to a deoxidation treatment to obtain a smooth balance shaft test piece; Performing a laser engraving operation based on a preset range on the smooth balance shaft test piece to obtain a gridded balance shaft; Obtain the initial diffraction angle and stress-free crystal plane spacing based on the pre-constructed stress-free sample; Measuring the interplanar spacing of the gridded balance axis according to the initial diffraction angle to obtain interplanar spacing distribution information, wherein the interplanar spacing distribution information includes a plurality of interplanar spacings; The relative strain between each interplanar spacing in the interplanar spacing distribution information and the stress-free interplanar spacing is calculated to obtain a residual stress distribution.

6. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 5, wherein: Before using the pre-trained difference-process tracing model, the method further includes: Obtain temperature-phase coupling relationship, phase-stress coupling relationship and stress-deformation coupling relationship; Performing multi-physics coupling simulation operations on the temperature-phase coupling relationship, the phase-stress coupling relationship, and the stress-deformation coupling relationship to obtain a temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupling simulation model; Obtaining a training sample set, and obtaining a difference-process traceability model including the temperature-phase change-stress-deformation coupled simulation modeling; According to a pre-built cross entropy loss algorithm, the difference-process tracing model is subjected to regression training using the training sample set to obtain a trained difference-process tracing model.

7. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 6, wherein: The problem process identification of the heat treatment program is performed based on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution to obtain a problem process set and an optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set, including: Performing feature splicing on the deformation information set and residual stress distribution to obtain a macroscopic and microscopic fusion feature set; Performing a temperature change cause identification operation based on uneven stress distribution and deformation on the macroscopic and microscopic fusion feature set to obtain a temperature change cause set; Identify the steps of each temperature change inducement in the temperature change inducement set in the heat treatment program to obtain a problem process set; The improvement direction of the temperature change inducement set is identified to obtain the optimization direction of each problem process in the problem process set.

8. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 7, wherein: After heat treating the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft, the method further includes: Performing residual stress identification on the target automobile balance shaft to obtain a residual stress detection result; Performing a qualification test on the residual stress test result based on stress distribution and stress magnitude to obtain a stress test result; When the stress detection result meets the preset stress distribution requirement, determining that the updated heat treatment program is established; When the stress detection result does not meet the preset stress distribution requirement, the difference-process traceability model is updated and trained to achieve recalculation of the updated heat treatment program.

9. The forging and heat treatment method for an automobile balance shaft according to claim 8, wherein: After determining that the updated thermal treatment program is established, the method further includes: Identifying differences between the target vehicle balance shaft and the standard balance shaft structure to obtain an updated deformation information set; Performing a geometric pre-deformation compensation prediction operation on the updated deformation information set to obtain a reverse curvature information set; According to the reverse curvature information set, the balancing shaft mold is modified to obtain an updated balancing shaft mold.

10. A forging and heat treatment system for an automobile balance shaft, characterized in that: The system comprises: a heat treatment test module, configured to use a pre-built balance shaft die to perform die forging on a pre-built target steel material to obtain a balance shaft blank, and to perform a heat treatment operation on the balance shaft blank using a pre-built heat treatment program to obtain a balance shaft test piece; a difference identification module, configured to obtain a standard structure of a balancing shaft, perform difference identification on the balancing shaft test piece based on the standard structure of the balancing shaft to obtain a deformation information set, and perform stress testing on the balancing shaft test piece to obtain a residual stress distribution; a process update module for using a pre-trained difference-process traceability model to identify problem processes in the heat treatment program based on the deformation information set and the residual stress distribution, obtaining a problem process set and an optimization direction for each problem process in the problem process set, querying the optimization direction of each problem process using a pre-built solution database to obtain a recommended solution set, and obtaining a balance shaft material structure simulation model; assigning parameters to each recommended solution in the recommended solution set based on the balance shaft material structure simulation model to obtain a process solution set; and updating the heat treatment program based on the process solution set to obtain an updated heat treatment program; The automobile balance shaft forging module is used to perform heat treatment operations on the balance shaft blank according to the updated heat treatment program to obtain a target automobile balance shaft.

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