Breeder seed breeding method for Gilmase green-mouth white-skin garlic

Abstract

The invention relates to a Gicosale green-mouth white-skin garlic breeder's seed breeding method. The method comprises the following specific steps: S1, preparation before sowing; s2, sowing the seeds; s3, bulb picking; s4, bulb treatment; s5, continuing breeding; s6, harvesting the seeds; according to the breeder's seed breeding method of the Gilkazal green-mouth white-skin garlic, the most original white-skin garlic breeder seeds of the Gilkazal garlic are selected for breeding, and a Xinjiang garlic aerial bulb cultivation technology and an aerial bulb first-generation production technology are combined, so that high-quality seed garlic is obtained; aerial bulb sowing has the advantages of detoxification, rejuvenation, improvement of variety degeneration and high breeding efficiency; according to the method, total bud seeds are bred by using an aerial bulb technology through aerial bulb improved seed breeding construction, the number of aerial bulb seed total bud particles is about 50, and the content of alliin at the root of seed garlic reaches about 2.2% and is 0.6% higher than that of alliin in districts; the seed nature and the yield of the Gilkazal county white-skin garlic are effectively improved, and local farm varieties are protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for breeding original seeds of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic. Background Art

[0002] Jimsar County boasts exceptional sunlight, water, and soil resources. Its garlic boasts high yields, large size, and excellent quality, making it a rare and high-quality garlic-producing region. It is known as one of China's "Four Famous Garlics." Farmers' profits from garlic cultivation far exceed those from ordinary crops. However, in recent years, due to lagging breeding technology, deteriorating garlic quality, insufficient seed sources, poor quality garlic, and a lack of technical guidance for pest control, Xinjiang's garlic cultivation area, particularly Jimsar garlic, has shrunk to a mere a few hundred acres. The garlic industry faces difficulties, and the local specialty is in danger of disappearing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The invention provides a method for breeding original seeds of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0005] A method for breeding original seeds of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic, the specific method and steps are as follows:

[0006] S1. Preparation before sowing. The specific steps include:

[0007] S1.1. Site selection: Select a plot with high organic matter content, no saline-alkali soil, fertile soil, and flat surface as the ideal breeding site, and plow it to a depth of 18 cm to 23 cm;

[0008] S1.2. Seed Selection: Select pure Jimusar local green-mouthed white-skinned garlic as seed garlic. The garlic heads should be round and neatly arranged, free of insects, damage, and mildew.

[0009] S1.3. Pre-sowing seed treatment: Stored garlic seeds in the warehouse and air dry in the sun for about a day to awaken dormancy. Then, manually separate the petals, sorting the petals by size and removing the impurities. Add 75% of the multibacterial agent to 30°C warm water and stir evenly with a wooden stick. Place the sorted garlic seeds in a prepared container and soak them for 10-15 hours. Remove and drain the water. Sow when the petals are no longer sticky.

[0010] S1.4, Fertilization before sowing: Apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure to the selected plot, and combine it with rotary tillage to apply 40 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Use a rotary tiller to till the land before sowing;

[0011] S2. Sowing: Dig furrows on the plot after rotary tillage, with a row spacing of 25 cm, a plant spacing of 8 cm, and a furrow depth of 3-5 cm. Then, sow the soaked garlic seeds manually and sow them at a reasonable time. Cover the soil and press it at any time after sowing to maintain the soil temperature and wait for the seedlings to emerge.

[0012] S3. Bulb picking: When the garlic stalks grow to 10 cm, do not pick them, and continue to breed aerial bulbs; pick the aerial bulbs after they swell, and obtain the original seeds of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic;

[0013] S4. Bulb processing, the specific steps include:

[0014] S4.1. Site selection: Choose flat, non-salt-alkali land with fertile soil and high organic matter content for breeding;

[0015] S4.2. Fertilization before sowing: Apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure to the selected plot, and then apply 40 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer. Then harrow and till the soil to prepare for sowing;

[0016] S4.3. Bulb sowing: Sow the aerial bulb seeds after propagation in furrows with a row spacing of 18 cm, a plant spacing of 5 cm, and a furrow depth of 3 cm. After sowing, cover with soil and lightly press to maintain soil moisture.

[0017] S5. Continue breeding: The bulb grows into a single-headed garlic; do not pick the single-headed garlic and continue breeding;

[0018] S6. Harvesting seeds: Continue to breed the single-headed garlic and separate the cloves until they mature; after manually digging out the seeds, place them in a cool and ventilated place; avoid exposure to strong sunlight;

[0019] S7. Seed storage: Store the obtained original seeds in a ventilated and dry warehouse, ventilating once every 10 days; the storage temperature is 8°-10°, and the storage humidity is 35%.

[0020] Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied in step S1.4 from early October to mid-October of the previous year.

[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the white garlic seeds are sown in April of the current year.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, when the plant is in the mothering stage, urea 10 kg / hm2 is applied in combination with irrigation. 2 After digging up the mature aerial bulbs, tie them into a bunch of 20 bulbs and place them upright in a cool and ventilated place. When the seeds in the seed bag fall off, rub them off with your hands, dry them in a cool place, and store them in a net bag halfway.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the time for fertilizing the original garlic seeds before sowing is October of the current year; the time for sowing the original garlic seeds is April of the following year; and when the seedlings emerge about 6 cm-10 cm after sowing, shallow tillage is performed manually using a hoe with a width of 10 cm.

[0024] Preferably, in step S5, during the bulb expansion period, urea 10 kg / hm2 is applied in combination with irrigation. 2 .

[0025] Preferably, in step S3, field management is required, specifically: the first intertillage and loosening of the soil is carried out when the garlic has two leaves and one heart, the second intertillage and weeding is carried out when the garlic has five leaves and one heart, and the third intertillage and weeding is carried out when the garlic has seven leaves and one heart, and then manual weeding is used to avoid damaging the roots; the first watering should be when the garlic has four leaves and one heart, and 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied per mu in combination with the first watering. After that, 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied each time the garlic is watered. The second watering should be carried out when the garlic has seven leaves and one heart, and watering should be carried out in time when the surface is dry.

[0026] Preferably, in step S4, since the original garlic seed takes very long to germinate, which takes about 20 days and a full growth period of 180 days, weeds are manually pulled out during the full growth period, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed twice around mid-July to ensure the later growth of the seedlings.

[0027] Preferably, in steps S1-S5, topdressing is performed based on soil fertility and growth conditions, with nitrogen fertilizer being the main fertilizer; when topdressing, irrigation is combined with urea at a rate of 10 kg / hm2 per mu. 2 .

[0028] Preferably, in steps S1-S5, during the breeding process of green-mouthed white-skinned garlic, the prevention of rust and powdery mildew is mainly carried out by spraying difenoconazole and tebuconazole on the leaves in early July every year to prevent rust; for the prevention of powdery mildew, zinc sulfoxide and propiconazole are used in early July every year.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the original seed breeding method of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic of the present invention is carried out by selecting the most original white-skinned garlic original seeds of Jimusar garlic for breeding, and adopts the Xinjiang garlic aerial bulb cultivation technology and the aerial bulb first-generation production technology to obtain high-quality seed garlic, and the aerial bulb sowing has the advantages of detoxification and rejuvenation, improvement of variety degeneration and high breeding efficiency; through the aerial bulb high-quality seed breeding construction, the aerial bulb technology is used to breed involucral seeds, and the involucral particles of the aerial bulb seeds are all about 50, and the alliin content in the root of the seed garlic reaches about 2.2%, which is 0.6% higher than the content in various prefectures and cities; the quality and yield of the white-skinned garlic in Jimusar County are effectively improved, and the local farmer varieties are protected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1This is a typical HPLC chromatogram of alliin determination of the first sample of the Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method of the present invention; wherein 1-alliin; 2-ribavirin.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a typical HPLC chromatogram of alliin determination of the second sample of the Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method of the present invention; wherein 1-alliin; 2-ribavirin.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a typical HPLC chromatogram of alliin determination of the third sample of the Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method of the present invention; wherein 1-alliin; 2-ribavirin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the examples.

[0034] The specific method steps of a Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method are as follows:

[0035] S1. Preparation before sowing. The specific steps include:

[0036] S1.1. Site selection: Select a plot with high organic matter content, no saline-alkali soil, fertile soil, and flat surface as the ideal breeding site, and plow it to a depth of 18 cm to 23 cm;

[0037] S1.2. Seed Selection: Select pure Jimusar local green-mouthed white-skinned garlic as seed garlic. The garlic heads should be round and neatly arranged, free of insects, damage, and mildew.

[0038] S1.3. Seed treatment before sowing: Stored garlic seeds in the warehouse and air them in the sun for about a day to awaken dormancy. Then, manually separate the garlic seeds, sorting the large and small petals to select the best ones and remove the impurities. Then, add 75% of the multi-bacterial agent to 30-degree warm water and stir evenly with a wooden stick. Then, place the sorted garlic seeds in a prepared container and soak them. After soaking for 10-15 hours, remove them and drain the water. Sow the seeds when the petals are no longer sticky.

[0039] S1.4, Fertilization before sowing: Apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure to the selected plot, and combine it with rotary tillage to apply 40 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Use a rotary tiller to till the land before sowing;

[0040] Among them, the time for using base fertilizer is from early October to mid-October of the previous year;

[0041] S2. Sowing: Dig furrows on the plot after rotary tillage, with a row spacing of 25 cm, a plant spacing of 8 cm, and a furrow depth of 3-5 cm. Then, sow the soaked garlic seeds manually and sow them at a reasonable time. Cover the soil and press it at any time after sowing to maintain the soil temperature and wait for the seedlings to emerge.

[0042] The sowing time is April of that year.

[0043] S3. Bulb picking: When the garlic stalks grow to 10 cm, do not pick them, and continue to breed aerial bulbs; pick the aerial bulbs after they swell, and obtain the original seeds of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic;

[0044] Among them, aerial bulbs begin to grow in August of the same year and mature in mid-September of the same year;

[0045] Among them, during the plant's mothering period, urea 10kg / hm2 was applied in combination with irrigation. 2 ;

[0046] Among them, after the mature aerial bulbs are dug up, they are tied into 20 heads / a bunch, placed in a cool and ventilated place and placed upright. When the seeds in the seed bag fall off, rub them off with your hands, dry them in a cool place, and store them in a net bag halfway;

[0047] Among them, the number of particles in the involucral bracts of aerial bulb seeds is about 50;

[0048] S4. Bulb processing, the specific steps include:

[0049] S4.1. Site selection: Choose flat, non-salt-alkali land with fertile soil and high organic matter content for breeding;

[0050] S4.2. Fertilization before sowing: Apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure to the selected plot, and then apply 40 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer. Then harrow and till the soil to prepare for sowing;

[0051] S4.3. Bulb sowing: Sow the aerial bulb seeds after propagation in furrows with a row spacing of 18 cm, a plant spacing of 5 cm, and a furrow depth of 3 cm. After sowing, cover with soil and lightly press to maintain soil moisture.

[0052] Among them, the time for fertilizing before sowing is October of the same year;

[0053] Among them, the sowing time of aerial bulbs is April of the second year;

[0054] Among them, when the seedlings emerge about 6cm-10cm after sowing, shallow tillage is carried out manually using a hoe with a width of 10cm;

[0055] S5. Continue breeding: The bulb grows into a single-headed garlic; do not pick the single-headed garlic and continue breeding;

[0056] During the bulb expansion period, urea 10 kg / hm2 was applied in combination with irrigation. 2 ;

[0057] Among them, the bulb grows into single-headed garlic in October of the following year;

[0058] S6. Harvesting seeds: Continue to breed the single-headed garlic and divide the cloves until they mature; after manually digging out the seeds, place them in a cool and ventilated place; avoid exposure to strong sunlight, and then when the plant becomes soft, get 50-60 small cloves;

[0059] Among them, the time for single-headed garlic to be divided into cloves is the spring of the third year; the time for maturity is October of the third year;

[0060] S7. Seed storage: Store the obtained original seeds in a ventilated and dry warehouse, ventilating once every 10 days; the storage temperature is 8°-10°, and the storage humidity is 35%.

[0061] In step S3, field management is required, specifically: the first intertillage is performed to loosen the soil when the garlic has two leaves and one heart, the second intertillage is performed when the garlic has five leaves and one heart, and the third intertillage is performed to weed when the garlic has seven leaves and one heart. After that, manual weeding is performed to avoid damaging the roots.

[0062] In step S3, field management is required, specifically: the first watering should be when the garlic has 4 leaves and 1 heart, and 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied per mu in combination with the first watering. After that, 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied each time the garlic is watered. The second watering should be done when the garlic has 7 leaves and 1 heart, and water should be applied in time when the ground is dry.

[0063] In step S4, since the original garlic seeds take very long to germinate, it takes about 20 days and the whole growth period is 180 days. During the whole growth period, weeds are pulled out manually. Around mid-July, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed twice to ensure the later growth of the seedlings.

[0064] In steps S1-S5, topdressing is performed based on soil fertility and growth conditions, with nitrogen fertilizer being the main fertilizer. When topdressing, irrigation is combined with urea at a rate of 10 kg / hm2 per mu. 2 .

[0065] In steps S1-S5, during the breeding process of green-mouthed white-skinned garlic, the prevention of rust and powdery mildew is mainly carried out by spraying difenoconazole and tebuconazole on the leaves in early July every year to prevent rust; for the prevention of powdery mildew, zinc sulfoxide and propiconazole are used in early July every year.

[0066] The Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method disclosed by the present invention is to select the most original white-skinned garlic original seeds of Jimusar garlic for breeding, combine the Xinjiang garlic aerial bulb cultivation technology with the aerial bulb first-generation production technology, and obtain high-quality garlic seeds. The aerial bulb sowing has the advantages of detoxification and rejuvenation, improvement of variety degeneration, and high breeding efficiency. Through the aerial bulb improved variety breeding construction, involucral seeds are bred by using the aerial bulb technology, and the involucral particles of the aerial bulb seeds are about 50. The average alliin content in the roots of the garlic seeds obtained by the aerial bulb seed breeding reaches about 2.2%, which is 0.6% higher than the content in various prefectures and cities. The method effectively improves the quality and yield of the white-skinned garlic in Jimusar County and protects local farmers' varieties.

[0067] The alliin content of the seed garlic obtained by breeding aerial garlic bulbs is shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments only illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding the original stock of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Preparation before sowing. The specific steps include: S1.

1. Site selection: Select a plot with high organic matter content, no saline-alkali soil, fertile soil, and flat surface as the ideal breeding site, and plow it to a depth of 18 cm to 23 cm; S1.

2. Seed Selection: Select pure Jimusar local green-mouthed white-skinned garlic as seed garlic. The garlic heads should be round and neatly arranged, free of insects, damage, and mildew. S1.

3. Pre-sowing seed treatment: Stored garlic seeds in the warehouse and air dry in the sun for about a day to awaken dormancy. Then, manually separate the petals, sorting the petals by size and removing the impurities. Add 75% of the multibacterial agent to 30°C warm water and stir evenly with a wooden stick. Place the sorted garlic seeds in a prepared container and soak them for 10-15 hours. Remove and drain the water. Sow when the petals are no longer sticky. S1.4, Fertilization before sowing: Apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure to the selected plot, and combine it with rotary tillage to apply 40 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Use a rotary tiller to till the land before sowing; S2. Sowing: Dig furrows on the plot after rotary tillage, with a row spacing of 25 cm, a plant spacing of 8 cm, and a furrow depth of 3-5 cm. Then, sow the soaked garlic seeds manually and sow them at a reasonable time. Cover the soil and press it at any time after sowing to maintain the soil temperature and wait for the seedlings to emerge. S3. Bulb picking: When the garlic stalks grow to 10 cm, do not pick them, and continue to breed aerial bulbs; pick the aerial bulbs after they swell, and obtain the original seeds of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic; S4. Bulb processing, the specific steps include: S4.

1. Site selection: Choose flat, non-salt-alkali land with fertile soil and high organic matter content for breeding; S4.

2. Fertilization before sowing: Apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure to the selected plot, and then apply 40 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer. Then harrow and till the soil to prepare for sowing; S4.

3. Bulb sowing: Sow the aerial bulb seeds after propagation in furrows with a row spacing of 18 cm, a plant spacing of 5 cm, and a furrow depth of 3 cm. After sowing, cover with soil and lightly press to maintain soil moisture. S5. Continue breeding: The bulb grows into a single-headed garlic; do not pick the single-headed garlic and continue breeding; S6. Harvesting seeds: Continue to breed the single-headed garlic and separate the cloves until they mature; after manually digging out the seeds, place them in a cool and ventilated place; avoid exposure to strong sunlight; S7. Seed storage: Store the obtained original seeds in a ventilated and dry warehouse, ventilating once every 10 days; the storage temperature is 8°-10°, and the storage humidity is 35%.

2. The method for breeding the original stock of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic according to claim 1, wherein: The time for using basal fertilizer in step S1.4 is from early to mid-October of the previous year.

3. The method for breeding the original stock of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the sowing time of white garlic seeds is April of the current year.

4. The method for breeding the original seed of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, when the plant is in the mothering stage, urea 10 kg / hm2 is applied in combination with irrigation. 2 After digging up the mature aerial bulbs, tie them into 20 heads / bunches and place them upright in a cool and ventilated place. When the seeds in the seed bag fall off, rub them off with your hands, dry them in a cool place, and store them in half a bag in a mesh bag.

5. The Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the time for fertilizing the original garlic seeds before sowing is October of the current year; the time for sowing the original garlic seeds is April of the following year; when the seedlings emerge from the soil about 6 cm-10 cm after sowing, shallow tillage is performed manually using a hoe with a width of 10 cm.

6. The method for breeding the original seed of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, during the bulb expansion period, urea 10 kg / hm2 was applied in combination with irrigation. 2 .

7. The method for breeding the original stock of Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, field management is required, specifically: the first intertillage and loosening of the soil is carried out when the garlic has two leaves and one heart, the second intertillage is carried out when the garlic has five leaves and one heart, the third intertillage and weeding is carried out when the garlic has seven leaves and one heart, and then manual weeding is used to avoid damaging the roots; the first watering should be when the garlic has four leaves and one heart, and 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied per mu in combination with the first watering. After that, 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied each time the garlic is watered. The second watering should be carried out when the garlic has seven leaves and one heart, and water should be applied in time when the surface is dry.

8. The Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, since the original garlic seeds take very long to germinate, it takes about 20 days and the whole growth period is 180 days. During the whole growth period, weeds are pulled out manually. Around mid-July, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed twice to ensure the later growth of the seedlings.

9. The Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S1-S5, topdressing is performed based on soil fertility and growth conditions, with nitrogen fertilizer being the main fertilizer. When topdressing, irrigation is combined with urea at a rate of 10 kg / hm2 per mu. 2 .

10. The Jimusar green-mouthed white-skinned garlic original seed breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S1-S5, during the breeding process of green-mouthed white-skinned garlic, the prevention of rust and powdery mildew is mainly carried out by spraying difenoconazole and tebuconazole on the leaves in early July every year to prevent rust; for the prevention of powdery mildew, zinc sulfoxide and propiconazole are used in early July every year.

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