System for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dams

Abstract

The present invention discloses a removal system, in particular, a system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials, which belongs to the technical field of design and manufacturing of equipment for the preparation of hydraulic dam construction materials. A system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials is provided, which has a high degree of automation, good screening effect of excessive fine particles, and can meet the needs of ultra-large filling. The removal system includes at least a vibrating screening device and a monitoring and control device, and the control end of the vibrating screening device is connected to the monitoring and control device; the excessive fine particles in the rockfill materials are removed to a specified content range by the vibrating screening device, and the monitoring and control device controls the screening vibration frequency and screening time by monitoring the amount of fine particles screened out by the vibrating screening device in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a removal system, in particular to a system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials, and belongs to the technical field of design and manufacturing of hydraulic dam construction material preparation process equipment. Background Art

[0002] Rockfill dams, with their advantages of locally sourced materials, adaptability to complex geological conditions, simple construction methods, and excellent seismic performance, are the most widely used dam type in global dam construction, accounting for up to 90% of all dam types. Early rockfill dams were primarily dump-fill rockfill face dams. From the 1930s to the 1960s, advances in soil mechanics theory led to rapid development of core rockfill dams, with dam heights reaching as high as 150 meters. Currently, core rockfill dams reach heights of up to 300 meters and have become the predominant type of high earth-rockfill dam in today's engineering.

[0003] In high rockfill dams, coarse aggregates such as rockfill and transition materials account for over 80% of the total fill volume, significantly impacting dam deformation and permeability. Taking rockfill as an example, long-term theoretical research and engineering practice have established that the proportion of particles less than 5 mm in the rockfill determines the dam's deformation characteristics and permeability. A high fines content significantly impacts the mechanical properties of the rockfill material, weakening the coarse particle skeleton effect, reducing shear strength, and increasing wetting and rheological deformation during settlement and operation. This can even lead to problems such as inconsistent dam deformation and slope instability. Furthermore, excessive fines content in the rockfill material below the water level and in the water level fluctuation zone can hinder its free drainage function, leading to permeability damage and other problems. Therefore, the proportion of particles less than 5 mm in the rockfill material must be effectively controlled.

[0004] According to the "Design Specification for Roller-Compacted Earth-Rockfill Dams" (NB / T 10872-2021), the content of particles smaller than 5mm in rockfill materials must not exceed 30%, and the content of particles smaller than 0.075mm must not exceed 5%. For ultra-high dams, the control requirements for fine particle content are even stricter. Based on the successful engineering practices of many high rockfill dams built in China, the fine particle content of rockfill materials has invariably not exceeded 20%, and the requirement for high dams is generally not to exceed 15%.

[0005] As the height of dams increases rapidly, the volume of filling has also doubled. For example, a 300m2 hydropower station has a filling volume of 46 million m2. 3. However, the lithology of the hydropower station's quarry is generally complex. Excavation of multiple projects has revealed that the quarry generally has a deep weathering unloading depth and severe joint fissure cutting in the entire area of ​​the planned mining. The stone powder formed by fissure weathering and blasting makes the fine particle content of the rockfill material relatively high. The fine particle content of the rockfill material mined by the existing conventional blasting method far exceeds 20%, and even reaches 35% in some places. The hydropower station faces a prominent contradiction between the huge filling demand in the rockfill area and the complex and excessive fine particle content. The existing conventional method of removing fine particles usually adopts excavator screens for screening, or the dam surface is rolled to form a fine powder layer and then removed. The human factors of the existing method of fine particle removal are highly random, the removal is not thorough, and the controllability is poor, which can easily lead to the filling indicators not meeting the design requirements, affecting the construction schedule and project cost. In serious cases, it may threaten the filling quality and seepage stability of the dam. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials, which has a high degree of automation, good screening effect of excessive fine particles, and can meet the needs of ultra-large filling.

[0007] The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: a system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill materials of a rockfill dam, the removal system comprising at least a vibrating screening device and a monitoring and control device, wherein a control end of the vibrating screening device is connected to the monitoring and control device; the excessive fine particles in the rockfill materials are removed by the vibrating screening device to a prescribed content range, and the monitoring and control device controls the screening vibration frequency and screening time by monitoring the amount of excessive fine particles screened out by the vibrating screening device in real time.

[0008] Furthermore, the removal system also includes a feeding primary screening and cleaning device and a qualified dam material storage device. During the feeding process of the rockfill material entering the vibrating screening device, some of the fine particles exceeding the standard are vibrated by the feeding primary screening and cleaning device. After the qualified fine particles are screened out, the rockfill material is transported to the qualified dam material storage device with the cooperation of the vibrating screening device.

[0009] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the loading initial screening and cleaning device is an excavator equipped with a grid bucket. During the loading process, the excavator uses the grid bucket to screen out some fine particles that exceed the standard under the cooperation of shaking arms at a specified amplitude and frequency; the qualified dam material storage device at least includes a stockpile yard arranged at the output end of the vibration screening device.

[0010] Furthermore, the cleaning system also includes an excessive fine particle collection device, a control end of the excessive fine particle collection device and a monitoring and control device. The excessive fine particle cleaned out by the vibration screening device is collected in the excessive fine particle collection device.

[0011] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the vibrating screening device includes a charging bin, a vibrating assembly and a conveying assembly, a plurality of circular screening holes are densely and evenly distributed on the bottom plate of the charging bin, the vibrating assembly is arranged at the middle and lower part of the outer wall of the charging bin, the charging bin is arranged on the conveying assembly so as to be reciprocatingly movable along the length direction, and the qualified dam material storage device is arranged at the end of the conveying assembly; the monitoring and control device includes at least a monitoring assembly and a control assembly which are interconnected, the position of the charging bin movement and the number of fine particles exceeding the standard screened and removed in real time are respectively monitored by the monitoring assembly, and the control end of the fine particle collection device exceeding the standard, the control end of the vibrating assembly and the control end of the conveying assembly are respectively connected to the control assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the vibration component is composed of a vibrator, the conveying component includes a composite slide rail, a walking wheel group and a screening walking drive mechanism, the loading bin moves back and forth along the length direction through the walking wheel group in cooperation with the composite slide rail, and the control ends of the vibrator and the screening walking drive mechanism are respectively connected to the control component; the monitoring component includes at least a position sensor and a high-definition camera monitoring probe, the position sensor and the high-definition camera monitoring probe are respectively connected to the control component, the moving position of the loading bin is monitored by the position sensor, and the screening status of the fine particles that exceed the standard through real-time screening is monitored by the high-definition camera monitoring probe; the fine particles that exceed the standard collecting device collects the fine particles that exceed the standard through screening and removal of the loading bin in cooperation with the composite slide rail.

[0013] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the conveying assembly also includes shock absorbers and limiters, and a limiter is respectively provided at both ends of each composite slide rail, and at least three sets of shock absorbers are respectively provided at the corresponding positions of each composite slide rail along the length direction; the loading bin in the vibration screening process is limited to its excessive vibration by the shock absorber, and the loading bin in the walking process is limited to its ultimate position of movement by the limiter; the high-definition video monitoring probe is arranged at the corresponding position on the outside of the composite slide rail in accordance with the position of the loading bin in the screening process, the screening walking drive mechanism is composed of a screening walking drive motor, and the position sensor monitors the position of the loading bin movement by monitoring the speed output by the screening walking drive motor.

[0014] Furthermore, the device for collecting excessive fine particles includes an aggregate silo and an aggregate travel drive motor, and a travel wheel set is also arranged on the outer side of the aggregate silo bottom plate; during the screening process of the charging silo, the aggregate silo is arranged below the charging silo through the travel wheel set in cooperation with the aggregate travel drive motor and the composite slide rail; the monitoring component also includes a quality monitoring device, the control end of the quality monitoring device is connected to the control component, the amount of excessive fine particles collected in the aggregate silo is monitored by the quality monitoring device, and the amount of excessive fine particles screened out by the charging silo is monitored and determined in cooperation with the high-definition camera monitoring probe and the quality monitoring device.

[0015] The aggregate silo consists of a large aggregate silo and a small auxiliary silo that are connected as one. The excessive fine particles screened and removed by the loading silo are collected in the large aggregate silo, and the aggregate travel drive motor and quality monitoring device are arranged in the small auxiliary silo. During the screening process of excessive fine particles, the quality monitoring device monitors the screening quality of the loading silo by monitoring the quality changes of the excessive fine particles collected in the large aggregate silo, and feeds back the data to the terminal and the remote monitoring room.

[0016] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the charging bin is a regular rectangular steel structure, and the diameter of each circular sieve hole provided on the bottom plate of the charging bin is calculated according to the following formula:

[0017] D B = (3~4)D r , where: D B is the diameter of the circular sieve hole, in mm; D r The diameter of fine material is controlled in mm;

[0018] The vibrator is a linear vibrator with a vibration frequency of 5 to 10 Hz. During the vibration process, the vibration amplitude of the loading bin is controlled by a shock absorber to not exceed 5 cm. The shock absorber is a wire rope shock absorber or a damping spring shock absorber.

[0019] The quality monitoring device is a quality sensor. The quality sensor determines the screening frequency and screening time of the loading bin by timely monitoring the changes in the amount of fine particles exceeding the standard collected in the large aggregate silo. The specific requirements are as follows:

[0020] The weight change rate of the excessive fine particles collected in the large aggregate silo for 10 seconds is not greater than the threshold value Q L When the vibrator stops working and the screening is completed, Q L =0.5%~1.5%.

[0021] Furthermore, the qualified dam material storage device also includes a hydraulic mechanism and an excavator; the control component includes at least a display device, a programmable module and a remote monitoring room, and the display device, remote monitoring room, vibrator, quality monitoring device, high-definition camera monitoring probe, position sensor, aggregate travel drive motor and screening travel drive motor are all connected to the programmable module.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the technical solution provided by the present application is to set up a removal system comprising at least a vibrating screening device and a monitoring and control device, and connect the control end of the vibrating screening device to the monitoring and control device; then, the excessive fine particles in the rockfill material are removed to a specified content range through the vibrating screening device, and the monitoring and control device controls the screening vibration frequency and screening time by monitoring the amount of excessive fine particles screened out by the vibrating screening device in real time. This solves the technical problems in the prior art that only by shaking the bucket arm and / or setting a mesh partition during the transportation of the rockfill to screen out the excessive fine particles cannot achieve the requirement of controlling the fine particle content in the rockfill to the specified content range, or when manual screening is required, the work efficiency is low, the screening quality cannot be guaranteed, and the screening quantity cannot meet the requirements of super-large filling. The removal system of the present application is used to remove the excessive fine particles in the rockfill. Since the vibration screening device automatically determines the screening vibration frequency and screening time under the control of the monitoring and control device during the whole process, it can not only ensure the effect of screening out the excessive fine particles and improve the degree of automation, but also effectively meet the needs of super-large filling, thereby achieving the purpose of improving material preparation efficiency, ensuring material preparation quality, and reducing the degree of human participation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional arrangement structure of the system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vibrating screening device involved in the system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the excessive fine particle material sparse collection device involved in the system for removing excessive fine particle material in rockfill dam rockfill materials of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a grid bucket involved in a system for removing excessive fine particles in rockfill dam rockfill materials.

[0027] The following are marked in the figure: grid bucket 1, charging bin 2, vibration assembly 3, circular screening hole 4, composite slide rail 5, travel wheel set 6, screening travel drive mechanism 7, position sensor 8, high-definition camera monitoring probe 9, shock absorber 10, limiter 11, large aggregate flat bin 12, aggregate travel drive motor 13, quality monitoring device 14, small aggregate auxiliary bin 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 as well as Figure 4The present invention provides a system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill materials in rockfill dams, which has a high degree of automation, good screening effect for excessive fine particles, and can meet the needs of ultra-large filling. The removal system at least includes a vibrating screening device and a monitoring and control device, and the control end of the vibrating screening device is connected to the monitoring and control device; the excessive fine particles in the rockfill materials are removed to a specified content range by the vibrating screening device, and the monitoring and control device controls the screening vibration frequency and the screening time by monitoring the number of excessive fine particles screened out by the vibrating screening device in real time. The technical solution provided by the present application is achieved by setting up a removal system that at least includes a vibrating screening device and a monitoring and control device, and connecting the control end of the vibrating screening device to the monitoring and control device; then, the excessive fine particles in the rockfill materials are removed to a specified content range by the vibrating screening device, and the monitoring and control device controls the screening vibration frequency and the screening time by monitoring the number of excessive fine particles screened out by the vibrating screening device in real time. This solves the technical problems in the prior art that only by shaking the bucket arm and / or setting a mesh partition during the transportation of the rockfill to screen out the excessive fine particles cannot achieve the requirement of controlling the fine particle content in the rockfill to the specified content range, or when manual screening is required, the work efficiency is low, the screening quality cannot be guaranteed, and the screening quantity cannot meet the requirements of super-large filling. The removal system of the present application is used to remove the excessive fine particles in the rockfill. Since the vibration screening device automatically determines the screening vibration frequency and screening time under the control of the monitoring and control device during the whole process, it can not only ensure the effect of screening out the excessive fine particles and improve the degree of automation, but also effectively meet the needs of super-large filling, thereby achieving the purpose of improving material preparation efficiency, ensuring material preparation quality, and reducing the degree of human participation. Combined with the actual situation at the production site, in order to maximize the quality and efficiency of rockfill material preparation, the cleaning system described in this application also includes a loading and screening cleaning device and a qualified dam material storage device. During the loading process, the rockfill material entering the vibrating screening device is vibrated by the loading and screening cleaning device to remove some of the fine particles that exceed the standard. After the fine particles that exceed the standard are screened out and qualified, the rockfill material is transported to the qualified dam material storage device with the cooperation of the vibrating screening device. Specifically, the loading and screening cleaning device is an excavator equipped with a grid bucket 1. During the loading process, the excavator uses the grid bucket 1 to screen out some of the fine particles that exceed the standard with the cooperation of the arm shaking of the specified amplitude and specified frequency; the qualified dam material storage device at least includes a stockpile arranged at the output end of the vibrating screening device. In this way, before quality control screening is carried out, a portion of the excessive fine particles can be screened out by the excavator's arm shaking in cooperation with the grid bucket 1. At the same time, the qualified rockfill materials that have been screened out of the excessive fine particles by the vibration screening device are output to the qualified dam material storage device for the next step of transportation, thereby achieving the purpose of maximizing the material preparation efficiency.

[0029] In order to better monitor the screening quality and adapt to the vibration screening operation, the cleaning system of the present application also includes an excessive fine particle collection device, a control end of the excessive fine particle collection device and a monitoring and control device, and the excessive fine particle material cleaned out by the vibration screening device is collected in the excessive fine particle collection device. Accordingly, in order to simplify the structure of each component of the present application, facilitate manufacturing, especially the subsequent use, and improve the quality of the prepared material, the vibration screening device of the present application includes a charging bin 2, a vibration component 3 and a conveying component, a plurality of circular screening holes 4 are densely and evenly distributed on the bottom plate of the charging bin 2, the vibration component 3 is arranged in the middle and lower part of the outer wall of the charging bin, the charging bin 2 is reciprocatingly arranged on the conveying component in the longitudinal direction, and the qualified dam material storage device is arranged at the end of the conveying component; the monitoring and control device includes at least a monitoring component and a control component that are interconnected, the position of the charging bin 2 movement and the number of excessive fine particle materials screened out by real-time screening are respectively monitored by the monitoring component, and the control end of the excessive fine particle collection device, the control end of the vibration component 3 and the control end of the conveying component are respectively connected to the control component. The device for collecting excessive fine particles includes an aggregate silo and an aggregate travel drive motor 13, and a travel wheel set 6 is also arranged on the outside of the bottom plate of the aggregate silo; during the screening process of the charging silo 2, the aggregate silo is arranged below the charging silo 2 through the travel wheel set 6 in cooperation with the aggregate travel drive motor 13 and the composite slide rail 5; the monitoring component also includes a quality monitoring device 14, the control end of the quality monitoring device 14 is connected to the control component, the amount of excessive fine particles collected by the aggregate silo is monitored by the quality monitoring device 14, and the excessive fine particles removed by screening in the charging silo 2 are screened out. The quantity is monitored and determined with the cooperation of the high-definition video surveillance probe 9 and the quality monitoring device 14. The aggregate silo includes a large aggregate silo 12 and a small auxiliary silo 15 that are connected as one. The excessive fine particles screened and removed by the loading silo 2 are collected in the large aggregate silo 12. The aggregate travel drive motor 13 and the quality monitoring device 14 are arranged in the small auxiliary silo 15. During the screening of excessive fine particles, the quality monitoring device 14 monitors the screening quality of the loading silo by monitoring the quality changes of the excessive fine particles collected in the large aggregate silo, and feeds back the data to the terminal and the remote monitoring room. At this time, the preferred method is that the vibration component 3 is composed of a vibrator, the conveying component includes a composite slide rail 5, a walking wheel group 6 and a screening walking drive mechanism 7, the loading bin 2 moves back and forth along the length direction with the cooperation of the composite slide rail 5 through the walking wheel group 6, and the control ends of the vibrator and the screening walking drive mechanism 7 are respectively connected to the control component; the monitoring component includes at least a position sensor 8 and a high-definition camera monitoring probe 9, the position sensor 8 and the high-definition camera monitoring probe 9 are respectively connected to the control component, the moving position of the loading bin 2 is monitored by the position sensor 8, and the screening status of the super-standard fine particulate material screened and removed in real time is monitored by the high-definition camera monitoring probe 9; the super-standard fine particulate material collecting device collects the super-standard fine particulate material screened and removed by the loading bin 2 with the cooperation of the composite slide rail 5.The conveying assembly also includes a shock absorber 10 and a limiter 11. A limiter 11 is respectively provided at both ends of each composite slide rail 5, and at least three sets of shock absorbers 10 are respectively provided at the corresponding positions of each composite slide rail 5 along the length direction; the loading bin 2 during the vibration screening process is limited to its excessive vibration by the shock absorber 10, and the loading bin 2 during the walking process is limited to its ultimate position of movement by the limiter 11; the high-definition video monitoring probe 9 is arranged at the corresponding position on the outside of the composite slide rail 5 in accordance with the position of the loading bin 11 during the screening process, the screening walking drive mechanism 7 is composed of a screening walking drive motor, and the position sensor 8 monitors the moving position of the loading bin 2 by monitoring the speed output by the screening walking drive motor.

[0030] More specifically, the charging bin 2 is a regular rectangular steel structure, and the diameter of each circular screening hole 4 provided on the bottom plate of the charging bin is calculated according to the following formula:

[0031] D B = (3~4)D r , where: D B is the diameter of the circular sieve hole, in mm; D r The diameter of fine material is controlled in mm;

[0032] The vibrator is a linear vibrator with a vibration frequency of 5 to 10 Hz. During the vibration process, the vibration amplitude of the loading bin 2 is controlled by the shock absorber 10 to not exceed 5 cm. The shock absorber 10 is a wire rope shock absorber or a damping spring shock absorber.

[0033] The quality monitoring device 14 is a quality sensor. The quality sensor determines the screening frequency and screening time of the loading bin 2 by timely monitoring the changes in the amount of fine particles exceeding the standard collected in the large aggregate silo 12. The specific requirements are as follows:

[0034] When the weight change rate of the excessive fine particles collected in the large aggregate flat bin 12 for 10 seconds is no more than the threshold value QL, the vibrator stops working and the screening is completed, where Q L =0.5% to 1.5%. The qualified dam material storage device also includes a hydraulic mechanism and a conventional excavator. The control component includes at least a display device, a programmable module, and a remote monitoring room. The display device, remote monitoring room, vibrator, quality monitoring device 14, high-definition camera monitoring probe 9, position sensor 8, aggregate travel drive motor 13, and screening travel drive motor are all connected to the programmable module.

[0035] In summary, the technical solution provided by this application also has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. This application combines the excavation situation of fissured weathered material yards and the increasingly stringent dam control standards to propose an automated system and operating process for coarse-grained and fine-grained control of dam materials. It is suitable for situations where the weathering unloading depth is generally deep, the joints and fissures are severely cut, and the stone powder formed by fissure weathering and blasting leads to a high fine-grain content in the rockfill material during material yard planning and mining. It can solve the prominent contradiction faced by hydropower stations between the extremely large filling demand in the rockfill area and the complex and excessive fine particle content.

[0037] 2. This application, incorporating the practicalities of "maximizing material utilization" and "zoning and material filling" in high rockfill dams, utilizes an automated screening system and intelligent fine-grain control and monitoring tools. It innovatively proposes an operational process of "initial screening," "automated screening," and "stockpiling." This reduces the haphazard and random nature of manual fine-grain screening, facilitates monitoring and testing, and strengthens source control of dam materials. Furthermore, by varying key parameters such as sieve size, vibration frequency, and mass change rate threshold, depending on the fine-grain control requirements of each dam zone, coarse-grained fill material can be provided to meet the specific needs of each dam zone.

[0038] 3. In this application, position monitoring devices, quality monitoring devices, high-definition cameras and other monitoring equipment are used to ensure the particle grading of coarse-grained materials on the dam. At the same time, it is more conducive to on-site management personnel, rear design personnel and supervisory personnel to grasp the location of material mining, verify the matching of mining plan and material quality, and load materials on the dam in different areas to avoid ineffective excavation and reduce waste. While achieving environmental friendliness, it brings significant engineering economic benefits and filling quality and safety guarantees.

[0039] 4. In this application, the use of standard automated systems and operating procedures can effectively reduce or even avoid the situation of abandoned materials and substandard materials on the dam, improve the filling quality of the dam, and thus ensure the deformation safety and seepage stability of the ultra-high rockfill dam.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] To address these issues, the present invention proposes an automated system and operational process for controlling the fine particle size of coarse and fine aggregate in dams. The system screens and controls the fine particle content of blasted rock at the quarrying site and employs an automated monitoring system. This facilitates source control, ensuring the appropriate particle size distribution of coarse aggregate for dam filling. It also facilitates understanding the location of source material, verifying the matching of mining plans with source material quality, and enabling the stratification of material for dam filling. This avoids ineffective excavation and reduces waste, resulting in significant engineering economic benefits and guaranteed fill quality and safety while achieving environmental friendliness.

[0042] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0043] A dam coarse-grained material and fine-grained material control automation system and operation process, including a primary screening device excavator, a fine-grained material control automation system and a dam material storage device.

[0044] The excavator bucket for primary screening equipment is modified into a screen bucket by inserting circular holes A at the bottom of the bucket wall, with a bucket capacity of 1.5 to 2.5 cubic meters. The diameter of the circular holes A is 20 to 50 mm, determined based on the coarse aggregate gradation and the controlled diameter of the fine material. To facilitate bucket modification, the diameter of all circular holes A should be consistent.

[0045] The fine particle control automation system includes a fine particle screening automation device, a fine particle collection automation device, an on-site intelligent monitoring device and a remote intelligent monitoring center.

[0046] The fine particle screening automation device includes a charging bin, a slide rail A, a limiter, a vibrator, a shock absorber and an automation motor drive device A.

[0047] The charging silo is a custom-made rectangular steel structure with dimensions of [2,4] × [2,3] × 2m (length × width × height). The side walls are 8-15mm thick, the bottom wall is 15-20mm thick, and the top is open and uncovered. Circular holes B are provided at the bottom of the charging silo, arranged in a square or plum blossom pattern. The diameter of circular hole B is 15-40mm. Based on engineering experience, the diameter can be determined according to the following formula, combining the coarse aggregate grading and fine aggregate control diameter:

[0048] D B ∈(3~4) D r

[0049] Where: D B is the diameter of the circular hole B, unit: mm;

[0050] D r It is the control diameter of fine material, unit: mm.

[0051] Steel pulleys are installed along the length of the bottom of the charging silo. The centerline of the steel pulley is no more than 10 cm from the outline of the charging silo structure, and the diameter of the steel pulley is no less than 8 cm. The number and spacing of the steel pulleys are determined based on the quality of the charging silo.

[0052] Slide rail A is a steel slide rail. According to the actual situation of the project, it can be arranged in a straight line, arc line or a combination of the two. It is arranged just below the steel pulley and fixed with bolts.

[0053] The limiters are arranged in groups of four, two by two and fixed on the slide rail. The arrangement position is about 2 to 3 cm outside the axis of the steel pulley of the loading bin. The limiters are detachable and change with the position of the loading bin.

[0054] The vibrator adopts a linear vibrator, which is realized by a high-frequency linear vibration motor. It is fixed in the closed steel box cage on the side wall of the loading silo, so that it can perform linear reciprocating vibration along the slide rail A. The reciprocating vibration frequency is 5-10Hz. The vibration amplitude is controlled by the limiter to ensure that it does not exceed 5cm, preventing the risk of derailment of the loading silo due to excessive vibration amplitude.

[0055] The shock absorber is arranged at the bottom of the slide rail A and adopts a wire rope shock absorber. When processing small tonnage (<8t), a damping spring shock absorber can also be used to reduce the impact of the reciprocating vibration of the charging bin on the steel pulley, steel slide rail A and the limiter, thereby ensuring the service life of the fine particle screening automation device.

[0056] The automated motor drive device A is arranged in a closed steel box cage on the side wall of the loading silo and can be remotely controlled to drive the steel pulley to make the loading silo move autonomously along the slide rail A. The moving speed of the loading silo is not more than 1.5m / s.

[0057] A closed steel cage housing the vibrator and shock absorber is fixed to one side of the charging silo, while the opposite side is detachable via a slot structure. Hooks are pre-set on the outside of the detachable side.

[0058] The fine particle collection automation device includes a slide rail B, an aggregate flat silo, an automated motor drive device B and a quality monitoring device.

[0059] Slide rail B is placed parallel to the inside of slide rail A, with a horizontal distance of 2 to 5 cm between their center lines. Slide rail B should be slightly lower than slide rail A and fixed with bolts. Slide rails A and B can be made together using a mold.

[0060] The aggregate silo is a custom-designed, rectangular steel structure, divided into two compartments. The large silo collects fine material removed by the vibrating screen in the loading silo, while the small silo houses the automated motor drive unit B and quality monitoring equipment. To facilitate the removal of collected fine material, the opposite side of the small silo and the top of the large silo are open, not enclosed. The remaining side walls and bottom steel structure are 2mm thick, while the top of the small silo is a 0.5mm thick clamshell structure to prevent damage to the motor or monitoring equipment in abnormal weather conditions.

[0061] Small steel pulleys B are arranged at the bottom of the aggregate silo, and their spacing matches that of the slide rails B. The aggregate silo collects fine material filtered by the vibration screening of the charging silo and monitors it in real time. Its dimensions are determined by the dimensions of the charging silo. To minimize the impact of charging silo vibration on the aggregate silo, the large silo is slightly longer than the charging silo, but generally does not exceed 20 cm. Its width is the spacing of the small steel pulleys B plus 3 cm, extending 1.5 cm outward on each side, with the outer edges 1.5 to 3.5 cm from the centerline of slide rail A, and a height of no more than 5 cm. The length and height of the small silo are determined by the automated motor drive device B and the quality monitoring device, generally not exceeding 20 cm, and its overall width is guaranteed to be consistent with that of the large silo.

[0062] The on-site intelligent monitoring device includes: a position monitoring device located in the closed steel box cage on the side wall of the charging silo, a high-definition camera located on the outside along the slide rail A, and a quality monitoring device located in the small silo of the aggregate silo.

[0063] The position monitoring device can monitor the location of the charging silo in real time, offering two advantages: First, it can indicate the location of the charging silo, making it easier for on-site managers and monitoring personnel to understand the source of material extraction and verify the matching of extraction plans with source material quality; second, it can monitor the vibration screening of fine particles in the charging silo. Data from the position monitoring device is fed back to the remote intelligent monitoring center in real time.

[0064] The high-definition camera can rotate 180°, and the monitoring images are fed back to the remote intelligent monitoring center in real time, so as to remotely monitor the on-site construction situation and realize the multi-source integrated management of "air, sky and ground".

[0065] The quality monitoring device can monitor the quality of the aggregate silo in real time, and thus provide real-time feedback on the screening of fine materials in the loading silo. When the mass change rate of the aggregate silo is not greater than the threshold value (denoted as "Q L ”, Q L ∈0.5%~1.5%), the high-frequency linear vibration motor, that is, the vibrator stops working, the charging bin stops screening and moves to the dam material storage device.

[0066] The dam material storage device is located at the end of slideway A. Its primary equipment includes a limiter, hydraulic system, and conventional excavator. After the loading bin stops screening, it moves along slideway A to the dam material storage device, where it is secured with a limiter. The silo's side walls are removable. Once disassembled, hydraulics are used to assist a conventional excavator in depositing the dam material in the silo to a specific location. Trucks are then used to transport the material to the dam surface for filling.

[0067] An operation process of an automated system for controlling coarse and fine particles in a dam comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1. Customize the screen bucket and modify the conventional excavator into a primary screening equipment excavator according to the design requirements and actual project conditions, and customize the loading bin and aggregate silo;

[0069] S2. Lay slide rails A and B, embed a shock absorber at the bottom of slide rail A, and arrange a dam material storage device at the end of slide rail A;

[0070] S3. Move the loading bin to slide rail A and the aggregate silo to slide rail B.

[0071] S4. Assemble the remaining components of the fine particle screening automation device on site, mainly including the linear vibrator fixed to the charging silo and the automated motor drive device A;

[0072] S5. On-site assembly of the remaining components of the fine particle collection automation device, mainly including the automated motor drive device B fixed to the aggregate silo;

[0073] S6. Installation of on-site intelligent monitoring devices, including: a position monitoring device located in the enclosed steel cage on the side wall of the charging silo, a high-definition camera located outside along the slide rail A, and a quality monitoring device located in the small silo of the aggregate silo;

[0074] S7. Start the automatic motor drive device A and the automatic motor drive device B to move the fine particle screening automatic device and the fine particle collection automatic device to the designated position. The specific position is fed back in real time by the position monitoring device and monitored in real time by the remote intelligent monitoring center.

[0075] S8. Arrange a limiter to limit the movement of the loading bin;

[0076] S9, primary screening equipment: the excavator digs and loads the material into the loading bin, and uses shaking to preliminarily screen out some fine materials during the process;

[0077] S10. Start the linear vibrator to make the loading bin vibrate linearly and reciprocatingly along the slide rail A at a vibration frequency of 5 to 10 Hz. The vibration amplitude is controlled by the limiter to ensure that it does not exceed 5 cm. During the vibration process, the fine material is screened out and falls into the aggregate silo. The quality monitoring device is used to monitor the quality change of the aggregate silo in real time. When the quality change rate of the aggregate silo is not greater than the threshold for 10 seconds, the high-frequency linear vibration motor, that is, the vibrator, stops working and the loading bin stops screening the fine material.

[0078] S11. Move the loading bin to the dam material storage device;

[0079] S12, using a hook to dismantle the side wall of the loading bin, start the hydraulic device, and assist the conventional excavator to stack the loading bin dam material to a specific location;

[0080] S13. The above process can be monitored in real time through the remote intelligent monitoring center;

[0081] S14. Use loading trucks to transport the screened dam materials to the dam surface for filling.

[0082] The endpoints of the ranges and any values ​​disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoints of each range, the endpoints of each range and individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered to be specifically disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dams, characterized by: The cleaning system comprises at least a vibrating screening device and a monitoring and control device, wherein the control end of the vibrating screening device is connected to the monitoring and control device; the excessive fine particles in the rockfill material are removed to a specified content range by the vibrating screening device, and the monitoring and control device controls the screening vibration frequency and screening time by monitoring the amount of excessive fine particles removed by the vibrating screening device in real time. The cleaning system also includes an excessive fine particle collection device, a control terminal of the excessive fine particle collection device and a monitoring and control device. The excessive fine particle cleaned by the vibrating screening device is collected in the excessive fine particle collection device. The device for collecting excessive fine particles includes an aggregate flat bin and an aggregate travel drive motor (13), and a travel wheel group (6) is also arranged on the outer side of the bottom plate of the aggregate flat bin; during the screening process of the charging bin (2), the aggregate flat bin is arranged below the charging bin (2) through the travel wheel group (6) in cooperation with the aggregate travel drive motor (13) and the composite slide rail (5); the monitoring component also includes a quality monitoring device (14), the control end of the quality monitoring device (14) is connected to the control component, the amount of excessive fine particles collected by the aggregate flat bin is monitored by the quality monitoring device (14), and the amount of excessive fine particles screened out by the charging bin (2) is monitored and determined in cooperation with the high-definition video monitoring probe (9) and the quality monitoring device (14). The aggregate silo includes a large aggregate silo (12) and a small auxiliary silo (15) connected as one body. Fine particles exceeding the standard that are screened and removed by the loading silo (2) are collected in the large aggregate silo (12). An aggregate travel drive motor (13) and a quality monitoring device (14) are arranged in the small auxiliary silo (15). During the screening process of the excessive fine particles, the quality monitoring device (14) monitors the screening quality of the loading bin by monitoring the quality changes of the excessive fine particles collected in the large aggregate silo, and feeds back the data to the terminal and the remote monitoring room.

2. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dam rockfill materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning system also includes a feeding primary screening and cleaning device and a qualified dam material storage device. During the feeding process, the rockfill materials entering the vibrating screening device are vibrated by the feeding primary screening and cleaning device to remove some of the fine particles exceeding the standard. After the qualified fine particles are screened out, the rockfill materials are transported to the qualified dam material storage device with the cooperation of the vibrating screening device.

3. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading and initial screening and cleaning device is an excavator equipped with a grid bucket (1). During the loading process, the excavator uses the grid bucket (1) to screen out some of the fine particles exceeding the standard in cooperation with the arm shaking at a specified amplitude and a specified frequency; the qualified dam material storage device at least includes a storage yard arranged at the output end of the vibration screening device.

4. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dam rockfill materials according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The vibrating screening device comprises a charging bin (2), a vibrating assembly (3) and a conveying assembly, wherein a plurality of circular screening holes (4) are densely and evenly distributed on the bottom plate of the charging bin (2), the vibrating assembly (3) is arranged at the middle and lower part of the outer wall of the charging bin, the charging bin (2) is arranged on the conveying assembly so as to be reciprocatingly movable along the length direction, and the qualified dam material storage device is arranged at the end of the conveying assembly; the monitoring and control device comprises at least a monitoring assembly and a control assembly which are interconnected, the position of the charging bin (2) movement and the amount of fine particles exceeding the standard screened out by real-time screening are respectively monitored by the monitoring assembly, and the control end of the fine particles exceeding the standard collecting device, the control end of the vibrating assembly (3) and the control end of the conveying assembly are respectively connected to the control assembly.

5. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dam rockfill materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vibration component (3) is composed of a vibrator, and the conveying component includes a composite slide rail (5), a walking wheel group (6) and a screening walking drive mechanism (7). The loading bin (2) moves back and forth along the length direction in cooperation with the composite slide rail (5) through the walking wheel group (6). The control ends of the vibrator and the screening walking drive mechanism (7) are respectively connected to the control component; the monitoring component includes at least a position sensor (8) and a high-definition video monitoring probe (9). The position sensor (8) and the high-definition video monitoring probe (9) are respectively connected to the control component. The moving position of the loading bin (2) is monitored by the position sensor (8), and the screening status of the super-standard fine particles removed by real-time screening is monitored by the high-definition video monitoring probe (9); the super-standard fine particles collecting device collects the super-standard fine particles removed by screening in the loading bin (2) in cooperation with the composite slide rail (5).

6. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying assembly further includes a shock absorber (10) and a limiter (11), and a limiter (11) is respectively provided at both ends of each composite slide rail (5), and at least three sets of shock absorbers (10) are respectively provided at corresponding positions of each composite slide rail (5) along the length direction; the loading bin (2) is limited to excessive vibration by the shock absorber (10) during the vibration screening process, and the loading bin (2) is limited to its ultimate position of movement by the limiter (11) during the walking process; a high-definition video monitoring probe (9) is arranged at a corresponding position outside the composite slide rail (5) in accordance with the position of the loading bin (2) during the screening process, the screening walking drive mechanism (7) is composed of a screening walking drive motor, and the position sensor (8) monitors the moving position of the loading bin (2) by monitoring the speed output by the screening walking drive motor.

7. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dams according to claim 6, characterized in that: The charging bin (2) is a regular rectangular steel structure. The diameter of each circular screening hole (4) provided on the bottom plate of the charging bin is calculated according to the following formula: D B =(3~4)D r , Where D B is the diameter of the circular sieve hole, in mm; D r The diameter of fine material is controlled in mm; The vibrator is a linear vibrator with a vibration frequency of 5 to 10 Hz. During the vibration process, the vibration amplitude of the loading bin (2) is controlled by the shock absorber (10) to not exceed 5 cm. The shock absorber (10) is a wire rope shock absorber or a damping spring shock absorber. The quality monitoring device (14) is a quality sensor. The quality sensor determines the screening frequency and screening time of the loading bin (2) by timely monitoring the change in the amount of fine particles exceeding the standard collected in the large aggregate flat bin (12). The specific requirements are as follows: The weight change rate of the excessive fine particles collected in the large aggregate silo (12) for 10 seconds is not greater than the threshold value Q L When the vibrator stops working and the screening is completed, Q L =0.5%~1.5%.

8. The system for removing excessive fine particles from rockfill dam rockfill materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The qualified dam material storage device also includes a hydraulic mechanism and an excavator; the control component includes at least a display device, a programmable module and a remote monitoring room, and the display device, the remote monitoring room, the vibrator, the quality monitoring device (14), the high-definition camera monitoring probe (9), the position sensor (8), the aggregate travel drive motor (13) and the screening travel drive motor are all connected to the programmable module.

Images