A method for fastening the bolts of the sealing surface of a pipeline flange

Abstract

The application discloses a pipeline flange sealing surface bolt force maintaining torque fastening method, and relates to the technical field of pipeline fastening, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting roughness of a bolt hole sealing surface, constructing a scattering matrix and obtaining a surface fluctuation main directionality index; S2, judging similar channels according to the roughness Euclidean distance and constructing the connectivity weight between the channels; S3, mapping the roughness and the surface fluctuation main directionality index into equivalent stiffness calculation weighted stiffness; S4, combining a spectrum diagram structure consistency index and a force distribution dispersion degree to calculate a load synergy degree; S5, applying processing to residual stress time sequence data, combining the load synergy degree and the weighted stiffness to adjust residual stress distortion; and S6, according to multi-target evaluation indexes, adopting a mixed heuristic multi-target optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal torque value and applying the optimal torque in stages. By adjusting the pre-tightening force and the torque of the bolt hole, the mechanical behavior of the system is optimized, and by adopting the multi-target optimization algorithm, the uniformity and stability of the fastening process are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pipeline fastening, in particular to a pipeline flange sealing surface bolt constant torque fastening method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of fastening the pipeline flange sealing surface bolts, it is crucial to ensure the uniform fastening of the bolt holes. The traditional bolt constant torque fastening method mainly relies on manual application of a predetermined torque, and usually lacks real-time monitoring and adjustment of the actual pre-tightening force and weighted stiffness of each bolt hole. This leads to phenomena such as uneven mechanical behavior of the bolt holes, inconsistent pre-tightening force distribution, or mismatched stiffness during the fastening process, thereby affecting the sealing and stability of the pipeline.

[0003] Current technology lacks a systematic optimization method to adjust the fastening process of each bolt hole, especially when considering the complex interactions between the surface roughness, mechanical properties, pre-tightening force, and stiffness of the bolt holes. Furthermore, due to the lack of precise modeling of the mechanical behavior of the bolt holes, optimal pre-tightening force distribution and fastening effect cannot be achieved. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a pipeline flange sealing surface bolt constant torque fastening method to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a pipeline flange sealing surface bolt constant torque fastening method, comprising:

[0006] S1: Collect the roughness of the sealing surface of the bolt hole, construct a scattering matrix, and obtain the surface undulation main directionality index of the sampling points based on the scattering matrix;

[0007] S2: Determine similar bolt hole channels according to the Euclidean distance between the roughness of the sampling points, and use a distance decay function to weight and construct the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels;

[0008] S3: Map the roughness and surface undulation main directionality index to equivalent stiffness through a nonlinear saturation mapping function, and perform weighted accumulation between adjacent bolt hole channels to obtain the weighted stiffness;

[0009] S4: According to the weighted stiffness and the actual pre-tightening force distribution of each bolt hole channel, combine the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion to calculate the load synergy degree;

[0010] S5: Apply fractional order memory attenuation processing to the residual stress time series data of each bolt hole channel under different torque conditions, and comprehensively apply the load synergy degree and the weighted stiffness to the evolution process of the residual stress distortion index;

[0011] S6: taking residual stress distortion, load synergy degree and stiffness consistency as multi-target evaluation indexes, a hybrid heuristic multi-target optimization algorithm is used to obtain an optimal torque value, and the optimal torque is applied in stages, and the equivalent stiffness and residual stress distortion are monitored in real time until all the bolts are closed and reach the preset torque requirement.

[0012] The application further provides that step S1 specifically comprises:

[0013] A plurality of sampling points are arranged equidistantly on each bolt hole sealing surface, and a roughness measuring instrument is used to measure the roughness of each sampling point, including arithmetic average roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height.

[0014] A scattering matrix is constructed in a differential manner based on the roughness measurement values of the sampling points, and a characteristic decomposition is performed on the scattering matrix, and a characteristic vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue is set as a surface relief main directionality index.

[0015] The application further provides that step S2 specifically comprises:

[0016] The arithmetic average roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height of each sampling point are stored in a matrix form.

[0017] Based on the Euclidean distance between the roughness of each pair of bolt holes, the bolt hole channels are divided in terms of similarity, and a connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels is constructed through a distance attenuation function.

[0018] The application further provides that step S3 specifically comprises:

[0019] The roughness of each bolt hole and the surface relief main directionality index are weighted to obtain a corrected roughness.

[0020] Based on the corrected roughness, an equivalent stiffness of each bolt hole is converted through a nonlinear mapping function.

[0021] The connectivity weight between adjacent bolt hole channels and the equivalent stiffness are weighted and added to obtain a weighted stiffness between adjacent bolt hole channels.

[0022] The application further provides that step S4 specifically comprises:

[0023] A spectral graph structure consistency index is obtained by calculating the similarity of the weighted stiffness of all the bolt holes.

[0024] The actual pretightening force measured by each bolt hole channel is collected, the actual pretightening force distribution difference between the bolt holes is analyzed according to the obtained actual pretightening force, and a force distribution dispersion degree is obtained.

[0025] Based on the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion degree, a load synergy degree is calculated.

[0026] The application is further configured that the step S5 specifically comprises:

[0027] The residual stress time series data is processed by fractional order memory attenuation, and the processing result is corrected according to the weighted stiffness and load synergy degree of each bolt hole;

[0028] The weighted residual stress response of each bolt hole is generated in combination with the correction result of the weighted stiffness and load synergy degree;

[0029] The final weighted residual stress responses of all bolt holes are accumulated and evolved to generate a residual stress distortion index.

[0030] The application is further configured that the step S6 specifically comprises:

[0031] The residual stress distortion, load synergy degree and stiffness consistency are taken as multi-target evaluation indexes, and a hybrid heuristic multi-target optimization algorithm is used to calculate an optimal torque value;

[0032] The stiffness consistency is obtained by calculating the difference between the weighted stiffness of each bolt hole and the average weighted stiffness of the bolt holes;

[0033] The optimal torque value is applied to the bolt holes in stages, and the equivalent stiffness and residual stress distortion are monitored in real time at each stage;

[0034] The optimal torque is continuously applied until all bolt holes are closed and reach the preset torque requirement.

[0035] The application is further configured that the optimal torque value is applied in stages, which comprises:

[0036] The optimal torque value is divided into N preset stages for application, and a preset torque increment is applied at each stage;

[0037] The application time interval of each stage is adjusted according to the initial time interval, the stage number and the real-time monitored pre-tightening force deviation.

[0038] The application is further configured to further comprise:

[0039] The pre-tightening force and weighted stiffness of each bolt hole are displayed in a graphical form, and the display content includes the difference between the pre-tightening force of each bolt hole and the target pre-tightening force, and the deviation between the weighted stiffness of the bolt hole and the standard value;

[0040] The torque application progress of each stage is displayed in real time in the form of a dynamic bar chart or a progress ring, and the gap between the applied torque value of each stage and the preset torque requirement is displayed;

[0041] After all bolt holes are completed fastening, a comprehensive report interface is generated, showing the final fastening state of each bolt hole, the matching degree with the preset target, and the final torque value applied to each bolt hole.

[0042] The present application provides a pipeline flange sealing surface bolt force maintaining torque fastening method, which comprises the following steps: S1: collecting the roughness of the sealing surface of the bolt hole, constructing a scattering matrix, and obtaining the surface relief main directionality index of the sampling point based on the scattering matrix; S2: judging similar bolt hole channels according to the Euclidean distance between the roughness of the sampling points, and using a distance decay function to construct the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels; S3: mapping the roughness and the surface relief main directionality index to equivalent stiffness by using a nonlinear saturation mapping function, and performing weighted accumulation between adjacent bolt hole channels to obtain weighted stiffness; S4: calculating the load synergy degree according to the weighted stiffness and the actual pre-tightening force distribution of each bolt hole channel, combining the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion; S5: applying fractional order memory attenuation processing to the residual stress time series data of each bolt hole channel under different torque conditions, and comprehensively applying the load synergy degree and the weighted stiffness to the evolution process of the residual stress distortion index; S6: taking the residual stress distortion, the load synergy degree and the stiffness consistency as multi-objective evaluation indexes, obtaining the optimal torque value by using a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm, and applying the optimal torque in stages, while monitoring the equivalent stiffness and the residual stress distortion in real time until all the bolts are closed and meet the preset torque requirement, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. Improve the uniformity of the fastening process: By calculating the weighted stiffness and the load synergy degree of each bolt hole, the pre-tightening force and the torque application process of each bolt hole can be accurately adjusted, ensuring that the fastening process between each bolt hole is more uniform, avoiding local over-tightening or over-looseness, and significantly improving the fastening quality of the pipeline flange sealing surface;

[0044] 2. Optimize the mechanical behavior of the system: By introducing the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion, not only the stiffness consistency of each bolt hole is optimized, but also the uniform distribution of the load between the bolt holes is ensured. This helps to achieve good coordination between each bolt hole during the fastening process, thereby improving the mechanical properties and stability of the overall structure;

[0045] 3. Multi-objective optimization improves system performance: By using a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm, the optimal torque value is balanced and optimized among multiple evaluation indexes such as residual stress distortion, load synergy degree and stiffness consistency, ensuring that the optimal torque value not only reduces the distortion of residual stress, but also improves the synergy of load and the consistency of stiffness, thereby significantly improving the performance of the entire fastening system.

[0046] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, the specific embodiments of the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the present application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative labor. In the drawings:

[0048] Figure 1 A flow chart of a pipe flange sealing surface bolt torque tightening method is shown for an exemplary embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the content disclosed in the specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied by different specific embodiments, and the details in the specification can be modified or changed based on different views and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustration of the present application, but not for limitation of the protection scope of the present application.

[0050] It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present application in a schematic manner, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the diagrams, but not the number, shape and size of the components when actually implemented. The actual implementation of each component may be a random change, and the component layout pattern may be more complex.

[0051] In the following description, a large number of details are discussed to provide a more thorough explanation of the embodiments of the present application, however, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented without these specific details, and in other embodiments, the known structures and devices are shown in the form of block diagrams rather than in the form of details, so as not to make the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand.

[0052] A pipe flange sealing surface bolt torque tightening method, as shown in Figure 1 , comprises:

[0053] S1: collecting the roughness of the bolt hole sealing surface, constructing a scattering matrix, and obtaining the surface fluctuation directivity index of the sampling point based on the scattering matrix;

[0054] S2: judging similar bolt hole channels according to the Euclidean distance between the roughness of sampling points, and constructing the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels by using a distance attenuation function for weighting;

[0055] S3: mapping the roughness and the surface relief main directionality index into equivalent stiffness by using a nonlinear saturation mapping function, and performing weighted accumulation between adjacent bolt hole channels to obtain weighted stiffness;

[0056] S4: calculating the load synergy degree according to the weighted stiffness and the actual pre-tightening force distribution of each bolt hole channel, in combination with the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion;

[0057] S5: applying fractional order memory attenuation processing to the residual stress time series data of each bolt hole channel under different torque conditions, and comprehensively applying the load synergy degree and the weighted stiffness to the evolution process of the residual stress distortion index;

[0058] S6: taking the residual stress distortion, the load synergy degree and the stiffness consistency as multi-objective evaluation indexes, obtaining the optimal torque value by using a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm, and applying the optimal torque in stages while monitoring the equivalent stiffness and the residual stress distortion in real time until all the bolts are closed and meet the preset torque requirement.

[0059] The application further provides that step S1 specifically comprises:

[0060] A plurality of sampling points are arranged equidistantly on each bolt hole sealing surface, and the roughness of each sampling point is measured by using a roughness measuring instrument, wherein the roughness includes arithmetic average roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height;

[0061] A scattering matrix is constructed in a difference manner based on the roughness measurement values of the sampling points, and a feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue is extracted by performing feature decomposition on the scattering matrix to set as the surface relief main directionality index; specifically, a plurality of sampling points are arranged on the bolt hole sealing surface for roughness measurement, the sampling points are required to be uniformly distributed on the sealing surface and have uniform distances to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the measurement results, and the roughness of each sampling point is measured by using a roughness measuring instrument; the arithmetic average roughness is an arithmetic value of the average distance between the surface profile of the bolt hole sealing surface and a reference line, and is used to represent the overall level of the surface roughness of the bolt hole sealing surface; the root mean square roughness is the square average value of the vertical deviation of each point between the surface profile of the bolt hole sealing surface and the reference line, and is used to represent the complexity of the surface relief of the bolt hole sealing surface; and the maximum peak-to-valley height Refers to the vertical distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley on the bolt hole sealing surface, reflecting the extreme value characteristics of the bolt hole sealing surface surface fluctuations; the three roughness values ​​are arranged into a roughness matrix according to the bolt hole channel type and sampling sequence number. The specific form of the roughness matrix is: , is the roughness matrix, Number the bolt holes, is the sampling point number, is the total number of bolt hole sampling points, is the roughness category, Indicates the representative The bolt holes are numbered The sampling point Class roughness value; Based on the roughness value of each sampling point, a scattering matrix is ​​constructed in a differential manner. The differential method refers to comparing the roughness differences between adjacent sampling points and calculating the changes between them to reflect the local fluctuations of the surface undulations; by calculating the differences between each pair of adjacent roughness values ​​and storing these differences in a matrix, a scattering matrix is ​​constructed. The scattering matrix is ​​used to reflect the spatial distribution of surface roughness changes. The construction formula of the scattering matrix is: , is the scattering matrix, is the sampling point number; Represents the roughness matrix Middle Column roughness vector, i.e. The roughness value of the sampling point, symbol Indicates taking the entire column; Represents the roughness matrix Middle Column and The difference between the roughness vectors of the columns, which represents the difference in roughness values ​​between two sampling points, including arithmetic mean roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height; is the normalization coefficient, which is used to balance the contribution of the differences between different samples and ensure that the contribution of all pairwise differences is averaged over all sample pairs, thus obtaining a reasonable matrix; for the scattering matrix Perform eigendecomposition to extract the eigenvalue corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue. Eigendecomposition decomposes the matrix into a set of eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors to obtain the eigenvalue 、 and and the corresponding eigenvector, the eigenvalue measures the variation degree of data in a certain direction, and the eigenvector represents the most important direction in the data, in the case of surface roughness, the eigenvector represents the main directionality of surface fluctuation, and the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue is set as the surface fluctuation main directionality index, which reflects the main change direction of the surface roughness of the bolt hole sealing surface, and can describe the dominant trend of the surface morphology, and the calculation logic of the surface fluctuation main directionality index is: , is the surface fluctuation main directionality index of the first th bolt hole, , and is the roughness component of the first th bolt hole in different directions, when the higher the value is, the more the surface roughness fluctuates in a certain direction; when the lower the value is, the more uniform the surface roughness is in multiple directions; the surface fluctuation main directionality index provides a reference for the subsequent bolt fastening process, which helps to optimize the mechanical distribution in the fastening process, and by understanding the main directionality of the surface roughness, uneven fastening force can be avoided to ensure uniform fastening of the bolt hole.

[0062] The application further provides that step S2 specifically comprises:

[0063] The arithmetic average roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height of each sampling point are stored in matrix form;

[0064] Based on the Euclidean distance between the roughness of each pair of bolt holes, the similarity of the bolt hole channels is divided, and the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels is constructed through the distance decay function; specifically, by analyzing the roughness of each bolt hole, i.e. arithmetic average roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height, and calculating the similarity between each bolt hole channel, a reference is provided for the subsequent fastening process; the arithmetic average roughness, root mean square roughness and maximum peak-to-valley height of each sampling point are stored in matrix form, wherein the matrix is the roughness matrix mentioned above, and the roughness matrix is in the form of three rows and m columns, specifically: , wherein each row represents the measurement value of a certain type of roughness at sampling points; for each pair of bolt holes and , the Euclidean distance of their roughness vectors is calculated , the Euclidean distance The smaller the value, the more similar the roughness of the two bolt holes is, and vice versa, the larger the distance, the greater the difference between the surface roughness of the two, and the calculation logic of the Euclidean distance is: , is the Euclidean distance between the bolt hole and the bolt hole ; , and are the roughness measurement values of the first bolt hole at the first sampling point, , and have the same meaning as the former; according to the Euclidean distance , the similarity of the bolt holes is divided, the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels is constructed based on the size of the distance, and the connection strength between the two is embodied by using the distance attenuation function, the connectivity weight is used to measure the mechanical connection degree between adjacent bolt hole channels, the greater the connectivity weight value, the stronger the influence of the stiffness between the two bolt hole channels, and the calculation logic of the connectivity weight is: , is the connectivity weight between the bolt hole and the bolt hole , is the attenuation constant; is used to control the attenuation speed, and the value range is [0.1, 1]; by constructing the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels, it can be ensured that the mechanical state between the bolt holes is consistent during the fastening process, and some bolt holes are avoided to bear too large or too small load, which leads to uneven fastening effect.

[0065] The application further provides that step S3 specifically comprises:

[0066] The roughness of each bolt hole and the surface relief main direction index are weighted to obtain the corrected roughness;

[0067] The corrected roughness is converted into the equivalent stiffness of each bolt hole based on a nonlinear mapping function;

[0068] The connectivity weight and the equivalent stiffness between adjacent bolt hole channels are weighted and added to obtain the weighted stiffness between adjacent bolt hole channels; specifically, the roughness data of each bolt hole collected , is the arithmetic average roughness of the first bolt hole, that is, the first type of measurement value of the roughness of the bolt hole , is the root mean square roughness of the first bolt hole, that is, the roughness of the bolt hole The second type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The first type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, The third type of measurement of the roughness of the bolt hole, Adjacent bolt hole channels; by weighted accumulation of the equivalent stiffness of adjacent bolt hole channels, it can ensure a more uniform distribution of fastening mechanics between the bolt holes, avoiding over-tightening or loosening problems caused by uneven mechanics.

[0069] The present invention is further configured such that step S4 specifically includes:

[0070] The structural consistency index of the spectrum graph is obtained by calculating the similarity of the weighted stiffness of all bolt holes;

[0071] The actual preload force measured at each bolt hole channel is collected, and the actual preload force distribution differences between the bolt holes are analyzed based on the obtained actual preload force to obtain the force distribution dispersion;

[0072] The load coordination is calculated based on the spectral structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion. Specifically, the spectral structure consistency index is defined by calculating the similarity of the weighted stiffness of all bolt holes. The spectral structure consistency index reflects the uniformity of the weighted stiffness distribution of each bolt hole by analyzing the distribution consistency of the weighted stiffness between different bolt hole channels. The calculation logic of the spectral structure consistency index is as follows: , is the spectral structure consistency index, is the Laplace matrix of the weighted stiffness, is the Laplace matrix No. characteristic values, is the number of eigenvalues ​​of the Laplacian matrix; the Laplacian matrix Used to describe the relationship between different bolt holes, constructed through the connectivity weight matrix of the weighted stiffness matrix, used to measure the similarity between bolt holes; construct an n×n matrix , where n is the total number of bolt holes, and each element = Indicates bolt holes and bolt holes The connectivity weights between Connectivity weight matrix composed of weighted stiffness Sum degree matrix Composition, degree matrix is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements Indicates bolt holes The total connection degree, that is, all the bolt holes The sum of the connectivity weights of the connected bolt holes, the Laplace matrix Defined as: ,in, is the degree matrix, which represents the total connection degree of each bolt hole, is the connectivity weight matrix, which represents the similarity between bolt holes; the force distribution dispersion is used to quantify the uniformity of the distribution of the pretightening force among the bolt hole channels, and the consistency is judged by measuring the relationship between the pretightening force value and the weighted stiffness of each bolt hole channel, if is smaller, it indicates that the pretightening force is more evenly distributed among all bolt holes, and the mechanical behavior is more consistent, the calculation logic of the force distribution dispersion is: , is the force distribution dispersion, is the total number of all bolt holes, is the actual pretightening force of the first bolt hole, is the weighted average pretightening force of all bolt holes; the load synergy degree is used to quantify the uniformity in the overall fastening process, and the larger the value is, the more uniform the overall fastening process of all bolt holes is, and the smaller the value is, the more uneven the fastening problem is, the calculation logic of the load synergy degree is: , is the load synergy degree; the load synergy degree is obtained by combining the consistency and the force distribution dispersion, and the fastening uniformity of the system is comprehensively evaluated. Figure 1

[0073] The application further provides that step S5 specifically comprises:

[0074] The residual stress time series data is processed by fractional order memory attenuation, and the processing result is corrected according to the weighted stiffness and the load synergy degree of each bolt hole;

[0075] The weighted residual stress response of each bolt hole is generated by combining the correction results of the weighted stiffness and the load synergy degree;

[0076] The final weighted residual stress response of all bolt holes is accumulated and evolved to generate a residual stress distortion indicator; specifically, under different torque conditions, the residual stress data of each bolt hole channel is collected , wherein the residual stress data of each bolt hole is recorded in time sequence to form residual stress time series data: , wherein, , ,…, are different time points, is the total data duration; the residual stress time series data of each bolt hole is processed by a fractional order differential operator, and the fractional order differential operator is used to control the time attenuation effect, and the calculation logic of the fractional order differential operator is: , represents the residual stress time series data of the first bolt hole ​a fractional differential process is performed; denotes a Gamma function, used to normalize the fractional order decay, where, is a fractional order exponent, used to control the degree of time decay effect, with a value range of [0, 1]; denotes the residual stress time series data of the jth bolt hole, denotes the derivative with respect to time, denotes the rate of change of residual stress at the historical time, denotes the derivative with respect to time, denotes the rate of change of residual stress at the historical time, denotes a decay factor of time difference, indicating the degree of influence from the historical time to the current time, denotes the degree of influence from the historical time to the current time, denotes the decay of the residual stress of the current bolt hole over time, denotes the decay of the residual stress of the current bolt hole over time, denotes the residual stress of the jth bolt hole at time, denotes the residual stress of the jth bolt hole at time, denotes the residual stress of the jth bolt hole at time, , denotes the weighted residual stress response of the jth bolt hole, denotes the weighted residual stress response of the jth bolt hole, denotes the accumulation evolution of the weighted residual stress response, denotes the accumulation evolution of the weighted residual stress response, denotes the residual stress distortion index, denotes the total number of all bolt holes, denotes a Sigmoid stress relaxation activation function; denotes the Sigmoid stress relaxation activation function, denotes the Sigmoid stress relaxation activation function, denotes an adjustment parameter, denotes the time point at which material relaxation begins, denotes a parameter for controlling the relaxation rate, with a value range of [0, 1];

[0077] The present application further provides that step S6 specifically comprises:

[0078] The residual stress distortion, load coordination degree and stiffness consistency are taken as multi-objective evaluation indexes, and a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to calculate the optimal torque value;

[0079] The rigidity consistency is obtained by calculating the difference between the weighted rigidity of each bolt hole and the average weighted rigidity of the bolt holes;

[0080] The optimal torque value is applied to the bolt holes in stages, and the equivalent rigidity and residual stress distortion are monitored in real time at each stage;

[0081] The optimal torque is continuously applied until all the bolt holes are closed and the preset torque requirement is reached; Specifically, the optimal torque value is calculated by a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm, considering multiple factors such as residual stress distortion, load synergy and rigidity consistency, and the optimization goal is to balance the uniformity and stability in the system, ensuring that each bolt hole can receive appropriate torque during the tightening process; The rigidity consistency is used to measure the uniformity of the weighted rigidity, and the calculation logic of the rigidity consistency is: , The rigidity consistency is used to measure the uniformity of the weighted rigidity, The average value of the weighted rigidity of all bolt holes; The residual stress distortion, load synergy and rigidity consistency are used as evaluation indexes of multi-objective optimization to construct the objective function, which includes: , and , The residual stress distortion index, The load synergy index, The rigidity consistency index; The optimization goal is to minimize the residual stress distortion, maximize the load synergy and rigidity consistency; The residual stress distortion index reflects the change and evolution of the overall residual stress, minimizing the residual stress distortion ensures more stable mechanical behavior of the whole; The load synergy index measures the uniformity of the load distribution among the bolt holes, maximizing the uniform distribution of the load ensures that the pre-tightening force of each bolt hole remains consistent, reducing the risk of uneven tightening; The rigidity consistency index evaluates the uniformity of the weighted rigidity of the bolt holes, maximizing the rigidity consistency avoids over-tightening or over-loosening of some bolt holes, ensuring uniform mechanical response during the tightening process; The optimization function is: , The optimization function, , and are weight coefficients; , and are used to control the relative importance of the residual stress distortion index, the load synergy index and the rigidity consistency index in the final optimization function, the value range is [0, 1], and , and The sum of the three is 1; In order to calculate the optimal torque value , using a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as an improved genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization or simulated annealing algorithm. The optimization process will efficiently search in the solution space, avoid falling into local optimality, and find the global optimal solution. The specific steps include: generating multiple candidate solutions based on the initial settings, that is, the candidate set of initial torque values; in the optimization process, adding mechanical constraints and system stability conditions to ensure that the optimization results meet the actual engineering needs; using the optimization algorithm to perform multiple rounds of optimization through fitness evaluation, crossover, mutation and other operations, gradually approaching the optimal solution; after multiple iterations, selecting the solution with the optimal objective function value as the final result, that is, the optimal torque value ; Obtain the optimal torque value through the optimization process It can simultaneously meet the following conditions: minimizing residual stress distortion, maximizing load coordination and maximizing stiffness consistency; the optimal torque value obtained according to the optimization results , and apply it in stages. At each stage of torque application, the equivalent stiffness and residual stress distortion of each bolt hole are monitored in real time to calculate whether it meets the preset tightening standard. If a bolt hole does not meet the requirements, the torque value is adjusted in time. Through real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment, the tightening process of each bolt hole can be precisely controlled to avoid mechanical unevenness or excessive or insufficient torque. After all bolt holes are closed and meet the preset torque requirements, the final values ​​of load coordination, stiffness consistency and residual stress distortion indicators are calculated to evaluate whether the overall tightening process has achieved the optimization goal. If all target values ​​meet the design requirements, the tightening process is completed. If there is a deviation, appropriate adjustments are made and re-optimization is carried out. The final evaluation ensures the uniformity and stability of the entire tightening process. The optimization strategy is adjusted through multi-objective evaluation to ensure that the final tightening effect meets high-standard mechanical requirements.

[0082] The present invention is further configured such that the optimal torque value is applied in stages, including:

[0083] Divide the optimal torque value into N preset stages for application, and apply a preset torque increment in each stage;

[0084] The application time interval of each stage is adjusted according to the initial time interval, stage number and real-time monitored preload deviation. Specifically, the optimal torque value is divided into N stages, and the torque increment applied in each stage is set according to a preset strategy. The torque increment applied in the initial stage is small, and the increment is gradually increased in the later stage to ensure a smooth transition of the tightening process. The calculation logic of the torque increment in each stage is: , For the The torque increment of each stage, is the initial torque value applied, is the optimal torque value, The total number of stages, is the adjustment coefficient, is the number of the current stage; It is used to control the growth rate of the torque increment between each stage, with a value range of [0,5]. The calculation logic of the application time interval of each stage is: , For the The time interval between stages, is the initial time interval, For the current stage Deviation between the current preload force of the bolt hole and the target preload force, and is the adjustment coefficient; Used to control the growth rate of the stage interval, the value range is [0,1]; Used to control the impact of preload deviation on the time interval, with a value range of [0,1]. By controlling the time interval and increment of torque application, mechanical instability caused by excessively rapid torque application can be avoided, ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the flange sealing surface.

[0085] The present invention is further configured to include:

[0086] The preload and weighted stiffness of each bolt hole are graphically displayed, including the difference between the preload and the target preload, and the deviation between the weighted stiffness of the bolt hole and the standard value.

[0087] The torque application progress of each stage is displayed in real time in the form of a dynamic bar chart or progress ring, showing the difference between the torque value applied at each stage and the preset torque requirement;

[0088] After all bolt holes are completed fastening, a comprehensive report interface is generated to show the final fastening state of each bolt hole, the matching degree with the preset target, and the final torque value applied to each bolt hole; specifically, the difference between the actual pre-tightening force and the target pre-tightening force of each bolt hole is displayed using a bar chart or a line chart, and the bolt holes with larger differences are displayed in colors or lengths that obviously deviate from the target, helping to identify the areas with uneven fastening; the deviation of the weighted stiffness is displayed using a bar chart or a line chart, and the trend of the change of the weighted stiffness over time is displayed through the line chart, ensuring that the stiffness of all bolt holes meets the design requirements; the difference between the torque value applied at each stage and the target torque requirement is displayed in real time through a progress ring and a dynamic bar chart, the progress ring displays the ratio of the applied torque to the target torque, and the dynamic bar chart displays the difference between the torque value applied at each stage and the target, facilitating real-time monitoring of the torque application progress; after all bolt holes are completed fastening, a comprehensive report interface is generated, and the final fastening state of each bolt hole, the matching degree with the target, the final torque value applied, and related data such as the actual pre-tightening force, the target pre-tightening force, and the weighted stiffness are displayed in the report, and color coding is used to identify the fastening state of each bolt hole, for example, green indicates compliance with the target, and red indicates a larger deviation.

[0089] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented by software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center through wired (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. containing one or more available medium collections. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state disk.

[0090] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this document is merely used to describe associated relationship, and it can mean three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally means that the associated objects before and after the " / " are in an "or" relationship, but can also mean an "and / or" relationship, which can be understood according to the context before and after.

[0091] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or the like means any combination of the items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0092] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined according to its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0093] Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be realized by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are realized in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to realize the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present application.

[0094] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0095] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and actual implementation can have another division manner, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the shown or discussed objects can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0096] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme.

[0097] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically present separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0098] The functions, if realized in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application or the part of the present application that essentially contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various program code storage media.

[0099] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of bolting a pipe flange gasket surface, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: Collect the roughness of the bolt hole sealing surface, construct a scattering matrix, and obtain the surface fluctuation main directionality index of the sampling points based on the scattering matrix; S2: Determine the similar bolt hole channels according to the Euclidean distance between the roughnesses of the sampling points, and construct the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels by using a distance attenuation function; S3: Map the roughness and the surface fluctuation main directionality index to the equivalent stiffness by using a nonlinear saturation mapping function, and perform weighted accumulation between adjacent bolt hole channels to obtain the weighted stiffness; S4: Calculate the load coordination degree according to the weighted stiffness and the actual pretightening force distribution of each bolt hole channel, in combination with the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion; S5: Apply fractional order memory attenuation processing to the residual stress time series data of each bolt hole channel under different torque conditions, and comprehensively apply the load coordination degree and the weighted stiffness to the evolution process of the residual stress distortion index; S6: Take the residual stress distortion, the load coordination degree and the stiffness consistency as multi-objective evaluation indexes, obtain the optimal torque value by using a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm, and apply the optimal torque in stages while monitoring the equivalent stiffness and the residual stress distortion in real time until all the bolts are closed and meet the preset torque requirement.

2. A method of bolting and torqueing pipe flange sealing surfaces according to claim 1, wherein, Step S1 specifically comprises: Multiple sampling points are arranged equidistantly on each bolt hole sealing surface, and the roughness of each sampling point is measured by using a roughness measuring instrument, wherein the roughness includes the arithmetic average roughness, the root mean square roughness and the maximum peak-to-valley height; A scattering matrix is constructed based on the roughness measurement values of the sampling points in a difference manner, and a feature vector corresponding to a maximum eigenvalue is extracted by performing feature decomposition on the scattering matrix, and the feature vector is set as the surface fluctuation main directionality index.

3. A method of bolting and torqueing pipe flange sealing surfaces as defined in claim 1 wherein, Step S2 specifically comprises: The arithmetic average roughness, the root mean square roughness and the maximum peak-to-valley height of each sampling point are stored in a matrix form; The similarity of the bolt hole channels is divided based on the Euclidean distance between the roughnesses of each pair of bolt holes, and the connectivity weight between the bolt hole channels is constructed by using a distance attenuation function.

4. A method of bolting flange faces of a pipeline according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically comprises: The roughness of each bolt hole is modified by weighting the roughness and the surface fluctuation main directionality index; The equivalent stiffness of each bolt hole is obtained by converting the modified roughness by using a nonlinear mapping function; The weighted stiffness between adjacent bolt hole channels is obtained by performing weighted accumulation on the connectivity weight and the equivalent stiffness between adjacent bolt hole channels.

5. A method of bolting flange faces of a pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically comprises: The spectral graph structure consistency index is obtained by calculating the similarity of the weighted stiffnesses of all the bolt holes; The actual pretightening force of each bolt hole channel is collected, the actual pretightening force distribution difference between the bolt holes is analyzed according to the obtained actual pretightening force, and the force distribution dispersion is obtained; The load coordination degree is calculated based on the spectral graph structure consistency index and the force distribution dispersion.

6. A method of bolting flange faces of a pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically comprises: The residual stress time series data is processed by fractional order memory attenuation, and the processing result is modified according to the weighted stiffness and the load coordination degree of each bolt hole; The weighted residual stress response of each bolt hole is generated in combination with the modified results of the weighted stiffness and the load coordination degree. Cumulative evolution of the final weighted residual stress response of all bolt holes generates the residual stress distortion index.

7. A method of bolting and torqueing pipe flange sealing surfaces as defined in claim 1 wherein, Step S6 specifically includes: With the residual stress distortion, load synergy degree and stiffness consistency as multi-objective evaluation indexes, the optimal torque value is calculated by using a hybrid heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm; The stiffness consistency is obtained by calculating the difference between the weighted stiffness of each bolt hole and the average weighted stiffness of the bolt holes; The optimal torque value is applied to the bolt holes in stages, and the equivalent stiffness and residual stress distortion are monitored in real time at each stage; The optimal torque is continuously applied until all bolt holes are closed and the preset torque requirement is met.

8. A method of bolting flange faces of a pipeline according to claim 7, characterized in that, The optimal torque value is applied in stages, including: The optimal torque value is divided into N preset stages for application, and a preset torque increment is applied at each stage; The application time interval of each stage is adjusted according to the initial time interval, stage number and real-time monitored pre-tightening force deviation.

9. A method of bolting and torqueing pipe flange sealing surfaces according to claim 7 wherein, Also includes: The pre-tightening force and weighted stiffness of each bolt hole are displayed in a graphical form, and the display content includes the difference between the pre-tightening force of each bolt hole and the target pre-tightening force, and the deviation between the weighted stiffness of the bolt hole and the standard value; The torque application progress of each stage is displayed in real time in the form of a dynamic bar chart or a progress ring, showing the gap between the applied torque value of each stage and the preset torque requirement; After all the bolt holes are fastened, a comprehensive report interface is generated, showing the final fastening state of each bolt hole, the matching degree with the preset target, and the final torque value applied to each bolt hole.

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