Mine earth surface three-dimensional deformation continuous monitoring and early warning method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of earth surface monitoring, and particularly relates to a mine earth surface three-dimensional deformation continuous monitoring and early warning method which comprises the following steps: S1, InSAR monitoring data; meanwhile, the GNSS monitors the data; meanwhile, ground coordinates of the monitoring points are obtained; s2, establishing a fusion model; and S3, fusing the GNSS data and the InSAR data. According to the continuous monitoring and early warning method for the three-dimensional deformation of the mine earth surface in the technical scheme, the most advanced satellite radar technology is adopted to carry out time sequence monitoring on the earth surface and the structure of the mine area, high-precision three-dimensional data provided by the GNSS and continuous space monitoring data obtained by the InSAR are combined, and the defect that the InSAR can only obtain the deformation in the sight line direction can be effectively overcome; the fusion not only improves the precision of a monitoring result, but also enhances the reliability and practicability of data, and provides reliable technical and data support for regional surface deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of surface monitoring technology, and in particular relates to a method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface. Background Art

[0002] During mining, as underground resources are continuously mined, the original stress balance is destroyed and the new stress balance is redistributed. In this process, the overburden layer will move, inducing deformation of the ground surface and causing potential geological disasters.

[0003] To address the problem of surface deformation caused by underground resource extraction, InSAR combines synthetic aperture radar imaging with interferometry. By leveraging sensor system parameters and imaging geometry, InSAR accurately measures the three-dimensional coordinates of ground points and minute deformations based on radar echo phase information. This technology also offers all-weather, all-day imaging capabilities, making it widely used in surface deformation monitoring. However, surface deformation in mining areas is not simply one-dimensional; it involves three-dimensional deformation in the vertical, east-west, and north-south directions. Using InSAR deformation monitoring values ​​alone is difficult to accurately reflect the true surface deformation. Therefore, research on collaborative three-dimensional surface deformation monitoring methods in mining areas using InSAR and GNSS technologies is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and proposes the following technical solutions:

[0005] The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. InSAR monitoring data: InSAR technology is used to acquire and calculate the time series deformation data of the entire mine surface, and the results are analyzed; at the same time,

[0007] GNSS monitoring data: Monitoring points are set up at key locations in key areas, and the GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system is used to conduct real-time online monitoring and early warning of the monitoring points; at the same time,

[0008] Acquisition of ground coordinates of monitoring points: The data observed by the monitoring point receiver is transmitted to the control station in real time. The control station software calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point in real time and saves them in the database;

[0009] S2. Establishment of fusion model: Based on modern surveying adjustment model and taking GNSS data as the true value, a GNSS / InSAR fusion model is established by establishing an adjustment model with additional system parameters;

[0010] S3. Fusion of GNSS and InSAR data: Use the GNSS / InSAR fusion model to correct the InSAR data. The fusion model automatically analyzes the change amount and trend of each monitoring point, and analyzes and warns of the deformation and stability of the surface and structures.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, in step S1, the surface deformation of the entire mine area is monitored using DInSAR technology to obtain surface deformation information of the entire mine area;

[0012] and, using PSInSAR technology to monitor the surface deformation of the entire mine area and obtain surface deformation information of the entire mine area;

[0013] And, the SBAS-InSAR technology is used to monitor the surface deformation of the entire mine area and obtain the surface deformation information of the entire mine area.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the DInSAR technology uses two interferometric images of the same area to perform differential processing to obtain surface deformation information, and the two interferometric images are images before deformation and images after deformation;

[0015] Among them, the DInSAR technology uses a two-track method for solution. By comparing the images before and after the surface changes in the study area, the images are generated into an interference pattern. The terrain information is then removed from the generated interference pattern to obtain the surface deformation information of the mining area.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the PSInSAR technology includes the following steps:

[0017] Select N+1 SAR images covering the survey area according to the time sequence;

[0018] One of the images is selected as the main image through an optimized selection method, and the remaining N images are selected as auxiliary images;

[0019] The N auxiliary images are resampled to the main image space using the common image as the registration reference, and then the images are interferometrically processed to obtain N interferometric phase maps;

[0020] The PS point recognition method is used to select the PS target points in the image, and then the atmospheric delay and terrain data errors in the PS target points are separated to obtain the corresponding PS target point information;

[0021] All PS target points are interpolated to obtain the surface deformation information of the entire survey area.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the SBAS-InSAR technology includes the following steps:

[0023] Select multiple single-view repeat image data covering the same area;

[0024] Generate interferometric pairs based on the set spatiotemporal baseline threshold;

[0025] Phase unwrapping is performed using minimum cost flow;

[0026] The surface deformation time series is inverted by linear model to obtain the deformation sequence of each coherent target.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system includes the following parts:

[0028] A sensor subsystem, comprising various GNSS devices arranged on a fixed building;

[0029] A data transmission subsystem, comprising a GNSS host and a GNSS antenna communicating with the GNSS host via a coaxial cable;

[0030] Data processing and control subsystem and early warning system, which include a minicomputer system, a server system and a software early warning system arranged in the monitoring center;

[0031] Auxiliary support system, the auxiliary support system includes field cabinets, field chassis, power distribution and UPS, lightning protection and remote power monitoring subsystems.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, in the InSAR monitoring data of step S1, deformation processing in the LOS direction and deformation processing in the vertical direction are performed on the surface time series deformation data.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] 1. The continuous 3D mine surface deformation monitoring and early warning method in this technical solution utilizes the most advanced satellite radar technology currently available domestically and internationally to conduct time-series monitoring of the mine surface and structures. By combining the high-precision 3D data provided by GNSS with the continuous spatial monitoring data obtained by InSAR, it effectively overcomes the limitation of InSAR, which can only detect deformation in the line of sight. This fusion not only improves the accuracy of monitoring results, but also enhances the reliability and practicality of the data, providing reliable technical and data support for regional surface deformation.

[0035] By deploying continuous GNSS observation points, we can achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation in mining areas. This real-time capability is crucial for timely warning and prevention of geological disasters. Furthermore, utilizing high-temporal and spatial resolution InSAR data, we can obtain surface deformation information over a wide area in a short period of time, greatly improving monitoring efficiency. This is crucial for rapidly responding to sudden geological disasters in mining areas.

[0036] 2. The continuous monitoring and early warning method for three-dimensional surface deformation in mines in this technical solution uses InSAR and GNSS technologies to coordinate time-series monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation. This method has obvious technical advantages and can accurately identify the scope of mining impact and obtain surface deformation variables over a large area with high precision. GNSS technology is used for real-time online monitoring and early warning of key areas and points, ultimately achieving regional, precise, high-precision, and time-series real-time online monitoring and early warning of surface deformation.

[0037] A three-dimensional geological disaster monitoring and early warning system for "above-ground + underground" mining areas has been formed to conduct comprehensive time-series dynamic monitoring and analysis of surrounding rock stress and strain, three-dimensional surface deformation, and structure stability. At the same time, real-time online monitoring and early warning are carried out in key areas around the clock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface in Example 1 is shown;

[0039] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the two-track process in Example 1;

[0040] Figure 3 What is shown is the specific flow chart of PSInSAR technology in Example 1;

[0041] Figure 4 What is shown is the specific flow chart of SBAS-InSAR technology in Example 1;

[0042] Figure 5 What is shown is the topology diagram of the GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation of a mine includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. InSAR monitoring data: InSAR technology is used to acquire and solve the time series deformation data of the entire mine surface, and the results are analyzed. The mine surface includes the surrounding key roads and structures. In the InSAR monitoring data, the surface time series deformation data is processed in the LOS direction and the vertical direction. At the same time,

[0047] GNSS monitoring data: Monitoring points are set up at key locations in key areas, and the GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system is used to conduct real-time online monitoring and early warning of the monitoring points; at the same time,

[0048] Acquisition of ground coordinates of monitoring points: The data observed by the monitoring point receiver is transmitted to the control station in real time. The control station software calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point in real time and saves them in the database;

[0049] S2. Establishment of fusion model: Based on modern surveying adjustment model and taking GNSS data as the true value, a GNSS / InSAR fusion model is established by establishing an adjustment model with additional system parameters;

[0050] S3. Fusion of GNSS and InSAR data: Use the GNSS / InSAR fusion model to correct the InSAR data. The fusion model automatically analyzes the change amount and trend of each monitoring point, and analyzes and warns of the deformation and stability of the surface and structures.

[0051] The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of mine surfaces in this technical solution has the following characteristics: 1. GNSS can provide high-precision three-dimensional displacement information, and InSAR technology has high spatial resolution. By integrating these two technologies, it is possible to achieve three-dimensional deformation monitoring with both high spatial resolution and high precision, meeting the demand for high-precision and high-spatial-resolution data for monitoring three-dimensional deformation of mining areas;

[0052] 2. InSAR technology can provide large-area monitoring capabilities in a short period of time, while GNSS can achieve real-time monitoring and early warning through the establishment of continuous observation stations. The combination of the two can provide an efficient and continuous monitoring solution for mining areas, greatly improving mining safety and the timeliness of monitoring work. It also meets the need for real-time or near-real-time monitoring of surface deformation in mining areas to promptly identify potential geological disaster risks and take appropriate measures. The integration of GNSS and InSAR technology improves monitoring accuracy, achieves wide-coverage and efficient monitoring, and provides real-time monitoring capabilities. This not only improves mine safety, but also provides strong technical support for mining environmental protection and geological disaster prevention.

[0053] In step S1, the surface deformation of the entire mine area is monitored using DInSAR technology to obtain surface deformation information of the entire mine area;

[0054] and, using PSInSAR technology to monitor the surface deformation of the entire mine area and obtain surface deformation information of the entire mine area;

[0055] And, the SBAS-InSAR technology is used to monitor the surface deformation of the entire mine area and obtain the surface deformation information of the entire mine area.

[0056] The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation of mines in this technical solution monitors and analyzes the surface deformation of mines through the integration of three technologies: DInSAR, PSInSAR and SBAS-InSAR in InSAR monitoring data. Combined with the current mining situation in the mining area, a surface subsidence monitoring plan and data solution process are designed for the mining area. Through different methods, the surface deformation information of the mining area is accurately extracted to provide reliable data for safe ore production.

[0057] More specifically, the DInSAR technology uses two interferometric images of the same area to perform differential processing to obtain surface deformation information, where the two interferometric images are images before and after deformation.

[0058] Among them, Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the DInSAR technology adopts a two-track method for solution. By comparing the images before and after the surface changes in the study area, an interference pattern is generated from the image. Then, the terrain information is removed from the generated interference pattern to obtain the surface deformation information of the mining area.

[0059] DInSAR technology has the advantages of high-precision deformation monitoring (millimeter-level accuracy, high resolution), large-area coverage (wide-swath observation, multi-temporal data), all-day and all-weather observation (not affected by weather, continuous monitoring), rapid response and real-time monitoring.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown in FIG, the PSInSAR technology includes the following steps: selecting N+1 SAR images covering the survey area according to the time sequence; selecting one of the images as the main image and the remaining N images as auxiliary images by an optimized selection method; resampling the N auxiliary images to the main image space with the common image as the registration reference, and then interferometrically processing the images to obtain N interferometric phase maps; selecting the PS target points in the image by the PS point recognition method, and then separating the atmospheric delay and terrain data errors in the PS target points to obtain the corresponding PS target point information, wherein the PS (permanent scatterer) is a point with high image correlation and stability inferred based on the amplitude and phase information of the image, which has high stability and is basically not affected by noise; interpolating all PS target points to obtain the surface deformation information of the entire survey area.

[0061] PSInSAR technology has the advantages of high precision, anti-error interference, time series analysis capability, no need for ground control points, all-weather observation, high spatial resolution, automatic processing capability, wide application, long-term monitoring and strong robustness.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown in FIG, the SBAS-InSAR technology includes the following steps: selecting multiple single-view repeat image data covering the same area; generating interferometric pairs according to a set spatiotemporal baseline threshold; performing phase unwrapping using a minimum cost flow; and acquiring the deformation sequence of each coherent target by inverting the surface deformation time series through a linear model.

[0063] SBAS-InSAR technology significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of surface deformation monitoring by optimizing the selection and processing of interferometer pairs. It offers advantages such as reduced atmospheric delay errors, lowered decoherence effects, high-precision deformation monitoring, large-area coverage, no need for ground control points, and automated processing capabilities.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, the GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system includes the following parts:

[0065] A sensor subsystem, comprising various GNSS devices arranged on a fixed building;

[0066] A data transmission subsystem, comprising a GNSS host and a GNSS antenna communicating with the GNSS host via a coaxial cable;

[0067] Data processing and control subsystem and early warning system, which include a minicomputer system, a server system and a software early warning system arranged in the monitoring center;

[0068] Auxiliary support system, the auxiliary support system includes field cabinets, field chassis, power distribution and UPS, lightning protection and remote power monitoring subsystems.

[0069] GNSS technology has some remarkable features in surface deformation monitoring, especially in long-term monitoring and wide-area monitoring. It has high-precision deformation monitoring, long-term stability monitoring, real-time monitoring, wide-area monitoring, and adaptability to various geological and environmental conditions, ultimately achieving an all-day and all-weather monitoring and early warning system.

[0070] The continuous 3D surface deformation monitoring and early warning method in this technical solution utilizes the most advanced satellite radar technology currently available domestically and internationally to perform time-series monitoring of the surface and structures in the mining area. By combining the high-precision 3D data provided by GNSS with the continuous spatial monitoring data obtained by InSAR, it effectively overcomes the limitation of InSAR, which can only detect deformation in the line of sight. This fusion not only improves the accuracy of monitoring results, but also enhances the reliability and practicality of the data, providing reliable technical and data support for regional surface deformation.

[0071] By deploying continuous GNSS observation points, we can achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation in mining areas. This real-time capability is crucial for timely warning and prevention of geological disasters. Furthermore, utilizing high-temporal and spatial resolution InSAR data, we can obtain surface deformation information over a wide area in a short period of time, greatly improving monitoring efficiency. This is crucial for rapidly responding to sudden geological disasters in mining areas.

[0072] The continuous monitoring and early warning method for three-dimensional surface deformation in mines in this technical solution uses InSAR and GNSS technologies to coordinate the time-series monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation. The technical advantages are obvious. It can accurately identify the mining impact range and obtain the surface deformation of a large area with high precision. GNSS technology is used for real-time online monitoring and early warning of key areas and points, ultimately realizing regional, precise, high-precision, and time-series real-time online monitoring and early warning of surface deformation.

[0073] A three-dimensional geological disaster monitoring and early warning system for "above-ground + underground" mining areas has been formed to conduct comprehensive time-series dynamic monitoring and analysis of surrounding rock stress and strain, three-dimensional surface deformation, and structure stability. At the same time, real-time online monitoring and early warning are carried out in key areas around the clock.

[0074] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same.

Claims

1. A method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional surface deformation of a mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. InSAR monitoring data: Use InSAR technology to acquire and calculate the time series deformation data of the entire mine surface, and analyze the results; at the same time, GNSS monitoring data: Monitoring points are set up at key locations in key areas, and the GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system is used to conduct real-time online monitoring and early warning of the monitoring points; at the same time, Acquisition of ground coordinates of monitoring points: The data observed by the monitoring point receiver is transmitted to the control station in real time. The control station software calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point in real time and saves them in the database; S2. Establishment of fusion model: Based on modern surveying adjustment model and taking GNSS data as the true value, a GNSS / InSAR fusion model is established by establishing an adjustment model with additional system parameters; S3. Fusion of GNSS and InSAR data: Use the GNSS / InSAR fusion model to correct the InSAR data. The fusion model automatically analyzes the change amount and trend of each monitoring point, and analyzes and warns of the deformation and stability of the surface and structures.

2. The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the surface deformation of the entire mine area is monitored using DInSAR technology to obtain surface deformation information of the entire mine area; and, using PSInSAR technology to monitor the surface deformation of the entire mine area and obtain surface deformation information of the entire mine area; And, the SBAS-InSAR technology is used to monitor the surface deformation of the entire mine area and obtain the surface deformation information of the entire mine area.

3. The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DInSAR technology uses two interferometric images of the same area to perform differential processing to obtain surface deformation information, where the two interferometric images are images before and after deformation. Among them, the DInSAR technology uses a two-track method for solution. By comparing the images before and after the surface changes in the study area, the images are generated into an interference pattern. The terrain information is then removed from the generated interference pattern to obtain the surface deformation information of the mining area.

4. The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The PSInSAR technique includes the following steps: Select N+1 SAR images covering the survey area according to the time sequence; One of the images is selected as the main image through an optimized selection method, and the remaining N images are selected as auxiliary images; The N auxiliary images are resampled to the main image space using the common image as the registration reference, and then the images are interferometrically processed to obtain N interferometric phase maps; The PS point recognition method is used to select the PS target points in the image, and then the atmospheric delay and terrain data errors in the PS target points are separated to obtain the corresponding PS target point information; All PS target points are interpolated to obtain the surface deformation information of the entire survey area.

5. The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SBAS-InSAR technique includes the following steps: Select multiple single-view repeat image data covering the same area; Generate interferometric pairs based on the set spatiotemporal baseline threshold; Phase unwrapping is performed using minimum cost flow; The surface deformation time series is inverted by linear model to obtain the deformation sequence of each coherent target.

6. The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GNSS time-series settlement monitoring and early warning system includes the following parts: A sensor subsystem, comprising various GNSS devices arranged on a fixed building; A data transmission subsystem, comprising a GNSS host and a GNSS antenna communicating with the GNSS host via a coaxial cable; Data processing and control subsystem and early warning system, which include a minicomputer system, a server system and a software early warning system arranged in the monitoring center; Auxiliary support system, the auxiliary support system includes field cabinets, field chassis, power distribution and UPS, lightning protection and remote power monitoring subsystems.

7. The method for continuous monitoring and early warning of three-dimensional deformation of a mine surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the InSAR monitoring data of step S1, deformation processing in the LOS direction and deformation processing in the vertical direction are performed on the surface time series deformation data.

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