Method for producing annual asparagus roots through staged seedbed maintenance

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing annual asparagus roots through staged seedbed maintenance, and relates to the technical field of asparagus planting. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning asparagus seeds which are not subjected to coating treatment, soaking the seeds in warm water, disinfecting by carbendazim, accelerating germination and sowing; uniformly mixing organic fertilizer, vegetable garden soil and the like according to a specific proportion to prepare a nutrition pot; selecting a suitable plot, preparing a seedbed, and placing nutrition bowls for sowing. After seedling emergence, reasonably managing temperature and humidity, and when the seedling age is 3 months, reserving overground stems and leaves and harvesting new young stems. Harvesting is stopped 60 days after the tender stems are harvested, all the tender stems are kept for normal growth, roots and seedlings are strengthened, overground stem leaves are removed after frost, and annual asparagus roots are harvested. The cut overground stems are subjected to composting treatment to prepare a fertilizer for fertilization, and sodium humate is applied to improve soil. According to the method, the young stems of the asparagus can be harvested while the annual asparagus root seedbed is managed, the economic benefit in the seedling raising period is increased, normal production and sales of the annual asparagus roots can be guaranteed, and the comprehensive benefit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of asparagus planting, in particular to a method for producing annual asparagus roots through staged seedbed maintenance. Background Art

[0002] Asparagus is a perennial crop. Traditionally, asparagus seedlings are cultivated in nursery beds. When they are over 50 days old, they are transplanted into greenhouses for further growth and management. The sapling stage lasts approximately one year, generating no income, high investment costs, and a long period of growth. Harvesting of the aboveground stems begins after the plant reaches two years old. Harvested tender stems must have a horizontal diameter of at least 0.8 cm.

[0003] Since the seedling cultivation period is long and the cost is high, if growers directly purchase one-year-old asparagus roots for planting, they can start harvesting asparagus directly, saving the growers' management costs and time costs during the seedling period. Therefore, the market prospects for cultivating one-year-old asparagus roots are broad.

[0004] The main reasons restricting the development of this market are that the cultivation cost of annual asparagus roots is high, but the sales price should not be too high. Therefore, reducing the cultivation cost or increasing the income during the seedling period will help the large-scale promotion and application of annual asparagus roots.

[0005] During the cultivation of annual asparagus roots, homemade fertilizers are used to reduce costs and improve cultivation techniques. Furthermore, the innovative harvesting of young asparagus stems with a stem diameter between 0.3cm and 0.7cm helps increase the economic benefits of annual asparagus root cultivation. The harvested young stems are rich in various nutrients and have a delicate texture. They can be eaten whole without cutting, thus having high edible value.

[0006] However, the production of young asparagus stems faces many technical challenges. On the one hand, existing asparagus cultivation technology mainly focuses on the cultivation and harvesting of mature asparagus, with relatively little research and development on young asparagus stems, and a lack of an efficient production technology system for young asparagus stems. In addition, traditional asparagus seedbed production methods also have a series of other problems. In the seed treatment process, improper treatment methods can easily lead to reduced seed germination rates and increased seedling diseases; the nutrient soil preparation lacks rationality and cannot provide suitable nutrients and soil environment for the growth of asparagus seedlings; the seedbed management technology is unscientific, which has an adverse effect on the yield and quality of asparagus stems. At the same time, waste such as above-ground stems and leaves generated during the asparagus cultivation process is not properly handled, which not only causes a waste of resources but also pollutes the environment. Moreover, when it comes to improving land utilization and promoting the sustainable and healthy growth of asparagus, existing technologies lack effective solutions, making it difficult to meet the demand for high-quality roots and seedlings for high-quality asparagus cultivation.

[0007] Therefore, in order to overcome the low technology of annual asparagus root cultivation, solve the problem of continuous harvesting of asparagus young stems, stably obtain asparagus young stem products, and meet the market demand for asparagus young stems, it is necessary to provide a new annual asparagus root production method to improve the comprehensive benefits of asparagus cultivation and solve the above problems at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing annual asparagus roots through staged seedbed maintenance. By optimizing seed treatment, seedbed management, fertilization, and waste disposal, the yield and quality of young asparagus stems are improved, resource recycling is achieved, production costs are reduced, and land resources are fully utilized to promote the healthy growth of asparagus.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for producing annual asparagus roots by seedbed maintenance in stages, which is divided into the following three stages according to the different growth stages of the asparagus:

[0010] The first stage of seedling cultivation:

[0011] (1) Seed soaking and germination

[0012] After washing, uncoated asparagus seeds should be soaked in warm water at 50-60°C for 15-20 minutes. Then, disinfect them at room temperature in a 220-280 times solution of 45%-55% carbendazim wettable powder (WP) for 2-3 hours. After rinsing, soak the seeds in water at 20-25°C for 48-72 hours, changing the water two or three times during the soaking period. After the seeds swell, wrap them in multiple layers of wet gauze and store them at 25-28°C to moisturize and accelerate germination. Rinse them once or twice daily. Sow them after 20-30% of the seeds have turned white. High-yielding and disease-resistant F1 varieties, such as Jialu No. 1, Jialu No. 2, and Grande, can be used. Soaking the seeds in 55°C water for 15 minutes can provide a certain degree of sterilization and activate seed viability. Soaking the seeds in a 250 times solution of 50% carbendazim WP for 2 hours effectively kills surface pathogens and reduces seedling diseases. Soak the seeds in water at 20-25°C for 48-72 hours, rinsing and changing the water regularly to ensure they absorb sufficient water and prevent anaerobic respiration from producing alcohol that could poison the seeds. Keep the seeds moisturized at 25-28°C and rinse daily to provide a suitable environment for germination and improve germination rates. Sow seeds after 20-30% of the seeds have turned white, ensuring they are in a suitable germination state.

[0013] (2) Preparation of nutrient pots

[0014] Mix organic fertilizer, garden soil, and ridge husk ash in a mass ratio of 1:5:3, sieve thoroughly, then add triple compound fertilizer and carbendazim. Stir thoroughly to prepare nutrient pots. The pots should be 8-13 cm in diameter and 20-30 cm high. This mixture of organic fertilizer, garden soil, and ridge husk ash in a mass ratio of 1:5:3 provides rich nutrition, good air permeability, and water retention for asparagus seedlings. Add triple compound fertilizer and carbendazim to further supplement nutrients and prevent soil-borne diseases. The specific diameter and height of the nutrient pots provide suitable space for seedling root growth.

[0015] (3) Arrange the seedbed

[0016] Choose sandy loam with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and rich in organic matter. Arrange the land into a rectangular seedbed and place the nutrient pots neatly on the seedbed.

[0017] (4) Sowing

[0018] Plant one seed in each pot to a depth of 1.8-2.2cm. Cover with 0.3-0.5cm of fine soil and 2-3cm of straw. Water thoroughly and then cover with film to retain moisture. Each pot should have one seed, and the sowing depth and soil thickness should be controlled to ensure the seed has ample space to grow and facilitate emergence. Water thoroughly and cover with film to retain moisture. Covering with straw regulates temperature and humidity, which is beneficial for seed germination.

[0019] (5) Management during the emergence period

[0020] After sowing, water the bed soil to keep it moist. Remove the straw and mulch film after 30% of the seedlings have emerged. Keep the temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse between 20°C and 25°C during the day and between 15°C and 18°C ​​at night. Keep the soil moist to provide the moisture necessary for seed germination. Remove the straw and mulch film after 30% of the seedlings have emerged to prevent excessive heat from burning the seedlings. Control the temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse to provide a suitable temperature environment for seedling growth.

[0021] The second stage of young stem harvest:

[0022] (6) Harvesting young asparagus stems

[0023] When the potted seedlings reach 3-5 months old, they should be left alone and continue to grow in the seedbed. New stems will continue to sprout, and harvesting can begin when they are approximately 12-18 cm long. Removing the above-ground stems and leaves will block vegetative growth, allowing the asparagus to concentrate nutrients on the young stems, increasing their yield and quality, and ultimately boosting economic returns.

[0024] The third stage is the seedling and root strengthening stage:

[0025] (7) Keep the stems and leaves

[0026] After 60-70 days of continuous harvesting according to step (6), stop harvesting and leave the stems and leaves to start vegetative growth and strengthen the seedlings and roots. Allow the asparagus to grow vegetatively and accumulate nutrients, strengthen the seedlings and roots, and wait until the one-year-old asparagus roots are strong and ready for shipment.

[0027] (8) Harvesting asparagus roots

[0028] When the seedlings reach 8 months old, they gradually enter a dormant period. At this time, the above-ground stems of the asparagus can be cut off and the asparagus roots can be harvested.

[0029] (9) Fertilization after composting

[0030] The above-ground stems and leaves of the asparagus are collected and then composted to form asparagus stalk fertilizer, which is then used to fertilize the asparagus plants in step (7).

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.1%, and the mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 18%, 9%, and 18%, respectively; and 10 mg of carbendazim is added to each kilogram of dry soil. This step specifies that the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.1%, the mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O, and the amount of carbendazim added to each kilogram of dry soil can accurately control the amount of fertilizer and fungicide in the nutrient pot, thereby meeting the nutrient needs of asparagus growth and effectively preventing diseases, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of improper fertilizer and fungicide dosage on asparagus growth. The ternary compound fertilizer contains 0.1 gram of the ternary compound fertilizer per 100 grams of solution or mixture. For example, if 1000 grams of a certain liquid fertilizer is prepared, the mass of the ternary compound fertilizer is 1 gram to ensure that its mass concentration is 0.1%.

[0032] Preferably, in step (3), the width of the rectangular seedbed is 1-1.5 m. This step limits the width of the rectangular seedbed to 1-1.5 m, which facilitates field management operations such as watering, fertilizing, and weeding, and is conducive to the rational use of land resources and improved seedbed utilization efficiency.

[0033] Preferably, in step (5), after all the young shoots have emerged from the soil and grown into seedlings, the film is re-covered. When the seedlings are 15 cm to 20 cm tall, ventilation is performed without removing the film to allow the seedlings to adapt to the external environment. Re-covering the film after all the young shoots have emerged from the soil and grown into seedlings can, to a certain extent, protect the seedlings from adverse external environmental influences. Ventilation without removing the film when the seedlings are 15 cm to 20 cm tall can allow the seedlings to gradually adapt to changes in the external environment, enhance the seedlings' resistance to stress, and reduce poor seedling growth caused by environmental changes.

[0034] Preferably, in step (6), the thickness of the harvested asparagus stems is 0.3-0.7 cm. In the above embodiment, it is necessary to first remove a large amount of the stems and leaves of the seedlings to block nutrition so that the stems grow and are easy to harvest. After the harvesting of the stems stops, the nutrition supply needs to be restored. The previously harvested stems and leaves of the seedlings can be used to make compost to prepare for subsequent feeding, thereby saving the amount of additional fertilizer introduced.

[0035] Preferably, the aboveground stems and leaves cut off in steps (6) and (7) are collected and then processed according to the following steps:

[0036] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stalks into small pieces, with the length controlled at 3-5 cm.

[0037] S2. First, spread a 10-15 cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of microbial inoculant. Stack the compost in this order, layer by layer, to a height of 1.5-2 m. The microbial inoculant includes Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride, and 0.5-1 kg of microbial inoculant is added per square meter of composting area.

[0038] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content is controlled at 50%-60%;

[0039] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 2-3 days. When the temperature reaches above 50°C, the compost enters the high temperature stage and is turned every 5-7 days. The high temperature stage generally lasts for 1-2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage and is turned every 10-15 days.

[0040] S5. When the compost humidity drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is nearly complete. After continuing to observe for 15 days, the composting is complete and asparagus stalk fertilizer is formed. In this embodiment, step S1: the asparagus stalks are crushed into small segments of 3-5 cm, which is conducive to increasing the contact area between microorganisms and the stalks during composting and accelerating the composting maturity. Step S2: the crushed asparagus stalks, livestock and poultry manure and microbial agents are layered. The livestock and poultry manure provides nutrients such as nitrogen source for the compost. The Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in the microbial agents can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. 0.5-1 kg of microbial agents are added per square meter of composting area to ensure that there are enough microorganisms participating in the composting process. Step S3: the moisture content of the compost is controlled at 50%-60% to provide a suitable moisture environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and ensure that the composting process proceeds smoothly. Step S4: Adjust the frequency of turning the compost based on temperature fluctuations. Frequent turning in the early stages of composting increases oxygen levels, promotes aerobic respiration, and accelerates decomposition. Turning frequency is appropriately reduced during high-temperature phases to maintain a high temperature environment that kills pathogens and insect eggs. Turning frequency is adjusted again during cooling phases to ensure even compost maturity. Step S5: Compost completion is determined by observing the compost's moisture, odor, and color. This produces asparagus stalk fertilizer, achieving resource recycling, reducing environmental pollution, and providing organic fertilizer for asparagus cultivation.

[0041] Preferably, in step (7), the first fertilization is carried out during the stem and leaf growth period, and the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied. When fertilizing, a circular trench is dug 2-3 cm away from the roots of the asparagus plants, with a depth of 5-7 cm, and compost is evenly spread into the trench, and then covered with soil. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 100-150 grams. The prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied when the asparagus plants reach a height of 20-30 cm. At this time, the asparagus growth has an increased demand for nutrients, and timely fertilization can meet its growth needs. Digging a circular trench 2-3 cm away from the roots of the asparagus plants for fertilization and covering with soil is beneficial to the root system to absorb nutrients. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is 100-150 grams, ensuring a reasonable amount of fertilizer and promoting the growth of asparagus.

[0042] Preferably, in step (7), within 7-20 days after the first fertilization, a second fertilization is performed on the seedbed. The prepared asparagus stalk fertilizer is first applied, followed by applying sodium humate at a rate of 50-100 g per square meter. The sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 1-2 cm, and then watered to keep it moist. Simultaneously with the second fertilization on the seedbed, sodium humate is applied and mixed into the surface soil. Sodium humate can improve soil structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote asparagus root growth. Mixing to a depth of 1-2 cm and then watering to keep it moist facilitates the effectiveness of the sodium humate.

[0043] The present invention further utilizes a staged seedbed maintenance and stem harvesting method for asparagus root production to achieve the cultivation of annual asparagus roots and increase the harvest of asparagus stems, as follows:

[0044] After the harvest of young asparagus stems is completed, keep all the stems, follow up with fertilizer, seize the autumn growth period, let the roots fully develop, and after the frost, cut off the above-ground stems and carefully remove the asparagus plants from the nutrient pots, try to keep the root system intact, remove damaged and overlong roots, and keep the main root length at about 20-30cm to reduce root damage and promote the germination of new roots for easy sale.

[0045] At this point, the asparagus roots can be planted directly in the ground, with adequate base fertilizer and watering to allow them to establish roots. The asparagus can then be harvested the following year. The use of nutrient pots can reduce root damage.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. The seed treatment of this invention is effective. Soaking seeds in 55°C warm water and disinfecting them with carbendazim effectively kills pathogens on the seed surface, increases seed germination rates, and reduces seedling diseases. Appropriate soaking and germination conditions ensure sufficient water absorption and a favorable germination environment for the seeds.

[0048] 2. The present invention's nutrient pots and seedbeds are rationally designed. The specially formulated nutrient pot materials provide rich nutrition, good air permeability, and water retention for the asparagus seedlings, preventing soil-borne diseases. The rationally sized nutrient pots and seedbeds facilitate management and improve land use efficiency.

[0049] 3. The present invention harvests young asparagus stems. By reasonably arranging the harvesting period and carrying out continuous harvesting, not only the yield of high-quality young asparagus stems is increased, but also the economic benefits of annual asparagus root production are increased.

[0050] 4. The present invention composts the cut above-ground stems and leaves to prepare asparagus stalk fertilizer, thereby realizing resource recycling and reducing environmental pollution. At the same time, it provides organic fertilizer for asparagus planting and reduces production costs.

[0051] 5. The present invention applies sodium humate to improve soil structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote the growth of asparagus roots.

[0052] 6. The present invention utilizes plants produced during the seedbed production process to cultivate annual asparagus roots, making full use of resources; a specialized transplanting substrate and scientific management promote root growth and improve root quality; strict pest and disease control ensures root health; and reasonable harvesting and storage methods ensure stable root seedling quality, providing high-quality root seedlings for asparagus planting, improving planting efficiency and the sustainable development of the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the production process of Example 1 provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the production process of Test Example 1 provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the production process of Experimental Example 2 provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1:

[0058] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0059] The first stage of seedling cultivation:

[0060] (1) Seed soaking and germination

[0061] After washing, soak the uncoated asparagus seeds in warm water, then disinfect them with a carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution at room temperature. After rinsing, soak the seeds in 25°C water for 72 hours, changing the water three times during the soaking period. After the seeds swell, wrap them with multiple layers of wet gauze, keep them moist and germinate at 28°C, rinse them twice a day, and sow them after 30% of the seeds turn white.

[0062] (2) Preparation of nutrient pots

[0063] Mix organic fertilizer, garden soil and ridge husk ash in a mass ratio of 1.2:6:4 and sieve them. Then add triple compound fertilizer and carbendazim, stir evenly, and prepare nutrient pots with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 25 cm. Non-woven fabric type nutrient pots can be used to fully protect the asparagus roots.

[0064] (3) Arrange the seedbed

[0065] Choose a flat, easily irrigated, and organically rich sandy loamy soil, arrange the land into a rectangular seedbed, and place the nutrient pots neatly on the seedbed.

[0066] (4) Sowing

[0067] Plant one seed in each pot to a depth of 2.2 cm, then cover with 0.5 cm of fine soil, water thoroughly, cover with 3 cm of straw, and then cover with film to keep it moist.

[0068] (5) Management during the emergence period

[0069] After sowing, water the soil to keep it moist. Remove the straw and mulch film after 35% of the seedlings emerge. The temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse should be 25°C during the day and 18°C ​​at night.

[0070] The second stage of young stem harvest:

[0071] (6) Harvesting young asparagus stems

[0072] When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months old, do not transplant them, but continue to cultivate them on the seedbed and harvest the new stems. When the stems grow to more than 12 cm, start harvesting.

[0073] The third stage is the seedling and root strengthening stage:

[0074] (7) Keep the stems and leaves

[0075] After 70 days of continuous harvesting according to step (6), stop harvesting and keep the stems and leaves to start vegetative growth and strengthen the seedlings and roots.

[0076] (8) Harvesting asparagus roots

[0077] When the seedlings reach 8 months old, they gradually enter a dormant period. At this time, the asparagus aboveground stems can be cut off and the asparagus roots can be harvested.

[0078] (9) Fertilization after composting

[0079] The above-ground stems and leaves of the asparagus are collected and then composted to form asparagus stalk fertilizer, which is then used to fertilize the asparagus plants in step (7).

[0080] More specifically, in step (2), the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.1%, and the mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 18%, 9%, and 18%, respectively; and 10 mg of carbendazim is added to each kilogram of dry soil.

[0081] More specifically, in step (3), the width of the rectangular seedbed is 1.5 m and the length is 3 m.

[0082] More specifically, in step (5), after all the young shoots have emerged from the soil and grown into seedlings, the film is re-covered. When the seedlings are 20 cm tall, ventilation is carried out without removing the film to allow the seedlings to adapt to the external environment.

[0083] More specifically, in step (6), the thickness of the harvested asparagus stems is 0.5 cm.

[0084] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in this embodiment, the above-ground stems and leaves cut off in step (8) are collected and then processed according to the following steps:

[0085] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stalks into small pieces, with the length controlled at 5 cm.

[0086] S2. First, spread a 15 cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of microbial inoculant. Stack the layers in this order to a height of 2 m. The microbial inoculant contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Add 1 kg of microbial inoculant per square meter of composting area.

[0087] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content is controlled at 60%;

[0088] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 3 days. When the temperature reaches above 50°C, the compost enters the high temperature stage and is turned every 7 days. The high temperature stage generally lasts for 2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage and is turned every 15 days.

[0089] S5. When the compost humidity drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. After continuing to observe for 15 days, the composting is complete and asparagus stem fertilizer is formed.

[0090] In step (7), the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied during the stem and leaf growth period. When applying fertilizer, a circular trench 3 cm away from the roots of the asparagus plants is dug with a depth of 7 cm. The compost is evenly spread into the trench and then covered with soil. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 100 grams.

[0091] In step (7), within 7 days after the first fertilization, a second fertilization is performed on the seedbed. The prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is first applied, and then sodium humate is applied at a rate of 50 g per square meter. The sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 2 cm, and then watered to keep it moist.

[0092] Example 2:

[0093] This embodiment provides a method for producing annual asparagus roots by seedbed maintenance in stages, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0094] In step (6), when the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months old, they continue to be cultivated on the seedbed. At this time, new young stems will continue to germinate and begin to be harvested. When the young stems grow to about 15 cm, they can be harvested.

[0095] In step (7), after 65 days of continuous harvesting according to step (6), harvesting is stopped and the stems and leaves are retained to start vegetative growth and strengthen the seedlings and roots;

[0096] Collect the aboveground stems and leaves cut off in step (8) and then process the collected aboveground stems and leaves according to the following steps:

[0097] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stalks into small pieces, with the length controlled at 4 cm.

[0098] S2. First, spread a 12 cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of microbial inoculant. Stack them layer by layer in this order to a height of 1.8 m. The microbial inoculant contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Add 0.75 kg of microbial inoculant per square meter of composting area.

[0099] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content is controlled at 55%;

[0100] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 2.5 days. When the temperature reaches above 50°C, the compost enters the high-temperature stage and is turned every 6 days. The high-temperature stage generally lasts for 2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage and is turned every 12 days.

[0101] S5. When the compost humidity drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. After continuing to observe for 15 days, the composting is complete and asparagus stem fertilizer is formed.

[0102] In step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied. When applying fertilizer, a circular trench 2.5 cm away from the roots of the asparagus plants is dug, with a depth of 6 cm. The compost is evenly spread into the trench, and then covered with soil to fill it. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 125 grams.

[0103] In step (7), after the second fertilization on the seedbed, sodium humate is applied at 75 g per square meter, and then the sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 1.5 cm, and then watered to keep it moist.

[0104] Example 3:

[0105] This embodiment provides a method for producing annual asparagus roots by seedbed maintenance in stages, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0106] In step (6), when the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months old, they continue to be cultivated on the seedbed. At this time, new young stems will continue to germinate and begin to be harvested. When the young stems grow to about 18 cm, they can be harvested.

[0107] In step (7), continue harvesting for 60 days according to step (6), stop harvesting, keep the stems and leaves, start vegetative growth, and strengthen the seedlings and roots.

[0108] Collect the aboveground stems and leaves cut off in step (8) and then process the collected aboveground stems and leaves according to the following steps:

[0109] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stalks into small pieces, with the length controlled at 3 cm.

[0110] S2. First, spread a 10 cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a uniform and thin layer of microbial inoculant. Stack them layer by layer in this order to a height of 1.5 m. The microbial inoculant contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride, and 0.5 kg of microbial inoculant is added per square meter of composting area.

[0111] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content is controlled at 50%;

[0112] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 2 days. When the temperature reaches above 50°C, the compost enters the high temperature stage and is turned every 5 days. The high temperature stage generally lasts for 2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage and is turned every 10 days.

[0113] S5. When the compost humidity drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. After continuing to observe for 15 days, the composting is complete and asparagus stem fertilizer is formed.

[0114] In step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied. When applying fertilizer, a circular trench 2 cm away from the roots of the asparagus plants is dug with a depth of 5 cm. The compost is evenly spread into the trench and then covered with soil. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 150 grams.

[0115] In step (7), after the second fertilization on the seedbed, sodium humate is applied at 100 g per square meter, and then the sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 1 cm, and then watered to keep it moist.

[0116] Comparative Example 1:

[0117] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the asparagus seedlings were cultivated on a seedbed.

[0118] Comparative Example 2:

[0119] The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that asparagus stalk fertilizer is not prepared, and commercial organic fertilizer is applied in step (7).

[0120] Comparative Example 3:

[0121] The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that in step (7), sodium humate is not applied after the second fertilization on the seedbed.

[0122] Comparative Example 4:

[0123] The only difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the traditional asparagus planting method is adopted, and after the asparagus seedlings are cultivated in the seedbed, they are dispersed and transplanted to multiple greenhouses.

[0124] Under the method of Comparative Example 4, after early transplanting to the field, the cultivation cost of annual asparagus in the field increases, the land resource utilization efficiency is low, and a large amount of manual input such as weeding, pesticide application, and fertilization is increased. The overall benefit is lower than the planting method of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0125] Test Example 1: This experimental example provides a method for cultivating asparagus stems and rootlets, which differs from the embodiment only in that: In the second stage, the young stem harvesting period (6): When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months old, they are not transplanted and continue to be cultivated in the seedbed. The young asparagus stems are harvested and harvesting continues for about 120 days until no young stems sprout.

[0126] In the third stage of annual asparagus root harvesting step (7): after frost, cut off the above-ground stems and harvest the asparagus root seedlings.

[0127] Test Example 2: This test example provides a method for producing annual asparagus roots, which differs from the embodiment only in that: There is no second stage of young stem harvesting. Step (6) Asparagus young stem harvesting content: One-year asparagus root cultivation is carried out without stage.

[0128] No asparagus stalk fertilizer was prepared and no sodium humate was applied. In step (7), commercial organic fertilizer was applied.

[0129] Experimental Example 2 is a traditional production method. Normal cultivation of one-year-old asparagus roots is to raise seedlings in March and continue to cultivate them according to the seedling raising method until November. During the process, fertilizer is appropriately added, temperature and humidity are controlled, and pest and disease management is required. This method has a long process and has no other benefits except the asparagus root income.

[0130] Experimental Example 1 is based on Experimental Example 2. After the seedlings are two months old, the new stems can be continuously harvested until they go dormant. This has the advantage of increasing the yield of the new stems. However, due to long-term nutrient consumption, insufficient nutrient accumulation in the roots affects the growth of the asparagus roots and thus the yield. The following table shows the comparative experimental data between the above-mentioned embodiment, comparative example, and experimental example:

[0131] comparison group Asparagus stem yield (kg / ㎡) One-year-old asparagus root mass (kg / plant) One-year asparagus root cultivation period (days) Cultivation cost (yuan / tree) Income during the cultivation period (yuan / tree) Example 1 1.92 0.42 210 2.98 5.42 Example 2 1.75 0.40 210 2.98 5.25 Example 3 1.6 0.38 210 2.98 5.1 Comparative Example 1 / 0.03 50 1 1 Comparative Example 2 1.5 0.35 210 3.2 4.5 Comparative Example 3 1.7 0.37 210 2.98 4.2 Comparative Example 4 / 0.47 210 4.3 / Test Example 1 3.84 0.12 210 2.98 5.34 Test Example 2 / 0.45 210 2.98 3.5

[0132] Combine Figure 1-3 As shown in the table above, Examples 1-3 differ in their cultivation methods, seedling age, stem harvesting length, and composting and fertilization details. Example 1 achieved relatively high stem yields and high-quality one-year-old asparagus roots, resulting in a better return. This suggests that, within a certain range, earlier stem harvesting (at 3 months of age) and appropriately extending the harvesting period (70 days), combined with appropriate composting and fertilization management, can improve overall profitability.

[0133] Comparison between Example and Comparative Example:

[0134] Comparative Example 1: When asparagus seedlings were cultivated on a seedbed, the root mass of one-year-old asparagus was extremely low (0.03 kg / plant), indicating that the seedbed setting method adopted in this article is more conducive to asparagus growth and root development.

[0135] Comparative Example 2: When commercial organic fertilizer was used instead of preparing asparagus stem fertilizer, the yield of young asparagus stems and the quality of one-year-old asparagus roots decreased, and the cultivation cost increased. This demonstrates the advantage of using compost of above-ground asparagus stems and leaves to make fertilizer, which can reduce costs while increasing yield and quality.

[0136] Comparative Example 3: Without the application of sodium humate, the yield of young asparagus stems and the quality of one-year-old asparagus roots were affected to a certain extent, indicating that sodium humate has a positive effect on improving soil structure and promoting asparagus growth.

[0137] Comparative Example 4: The traditional planting method is inferior to the embodiment of the present invention in terms of asparagus stem yield, quality, cultivation period cost and income. It cannot achieve multiple harvests of asparagus stems, has low land resource utilization efficiency and poor overall benefits.

[0138] Comparison between Example and Test Example

[0139] Experimental Example 1: Although asparagus stalk yield was high (3.84 kg / ㎡), the long-term harvesting of stalks resulted in insufficient nutrient accumulation in the roots. The root mass of one-year-old asparagus was only 0.12 kg per plant, impacting profitability. This suggests that excessive pursuit of stalk yield can harm root growth and profitability.

[0140] Test Example 2: The conventional cultivation method does not provide any harvest income from young stems, but only provides income from asparagus roots (3.5 yuan per plant), which is lower than the comprehensive income of Example 1. This demonstrates the advantage of the staged maintenance production method in increasing economic benefits.

[0141] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance, characterized in that: Depending on the growth period of asparagus, it is divided into the following three stages with specific steps: The first stage of seedling cultivation: (1) Seed soaking and germination After washing, soak the uncoated asparagus seeds in warm water, then disinfect them by soaking them in an aqueous solution of carbendazim wettable powder at room temperature. After rinsing, soak the seeds in water at 20-25°C for 48-72 hours, changing the water 2-3 times during the soaking period. After the seeds swell, wrap them with multiple layers of wet gauze, keep them moist and germinate at 25-28°C, rinse them once or twice a day, and sow them after 20-30% of the seeds turn white. (2) Preparation of nutrient pots Mix organic fertilizer, garden soil, and ridge husk ash in a mass ratio of (0.8-1.2): (4-6): (2-4) and sieve, then add triple compound fertilizer and carbendazim, stir evenly, and prepare nutrient pots with a diameter of 8-13 cm and a height of 20-30 cm; (3) Arrange the seedbed Choose a flat, easily irrigated, and organically rich sandy loamy soil, arrange the land into a rectangular seedbed, and place the nutrient pots neatly on the seedbed. (4) Sowing Plant one seed in each pot to a depth of 1.8-2.2 cm, then cover with 0.3-0.5 cm of fine soil, 2-3 cm of straw, water thoroughly, and cover with film to keep moisture. (5) Management during the emergence period After sowing, water the soil to keep it moist. Remove the straw and mulch film after 25%-35% of the seedlings emerge. The temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse should be 20℃-25℃ during the day and 15℃-18℃ at night. The second stage of young stem harvest: (6) Harvesting young asparagus stems When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months old, do not transplant them, but continue to cultivate them on the seedbed and harvest the new stems. When the stems grow to more than 12-18 cm, start harvesting. The third stage is the seedling and root strengthening stage: (7) Keep the stems and leaves After 60-70 days of continuous harvesting according to step (6), stop harvesting and keep the stems and leaves to start nutritional growth and strengthen the seedlings and roots. (8) Harvesting asparagus roots When the seedlings reach 8 months old, they gradually enter a dormant period. At this time, the asparagus aboveground stems can be cut off and the asparagus roots can be harvested. (9) Fertilization after composting The above-ground stems and leaves of the asparagus are collected and then composted to form asparagus stalk fertilizer, which is then used to fertilize the asparagus plants in step (7).

2. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.05%-0.15%, and the mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 15%-20%, 8%-12%, and 15%-20%, respectively; and 8-12 mg of carbendazim is added to each kilogram of dry soil.

3. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the width of the rectangular seedbed is 1-1.5m.

4. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the thickness of the harvested asparagus stems is 0.3-0.7 cm.

5. A method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The aboveground stems and leaves collected in step (9) are processed according to the following steps: S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stalks into small pieces, with the length controlled at 3-5 cm. S2. First, spread a 10-15 cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle an even and thin layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle an even and thin layer of microbial inoculant. Stack the compost in this order, layer by layer, to a height of 1.5-2 m. Add 0.5-1 kg of microbial inoculant per square meter of composting area. S3. During the composting process, the moisture content is controlled at 50%-60%; S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the compost temperature changes; S5. When the compost humidity drops below 30%-40%, there is no raw material odor, a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. After continuing to observe for 15-20 days, the composting is complete and asparagus stem fertilizer is formed.

6. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the first fertilization is carried out by applying the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer; when fertilizing, the fertilizer is applied around the roots of the asparagus plants, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 100-150 grams.

7. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (7), within 7-20 days after the first fertilization, a second fertilization is performed on the seedbed. The prepared asparagus stalk fertilizer is first applied, and then sodium humate is applied at a rate of 50-100 g per square meter. The sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 1-2 cm, and then watered to keep it moist.

8. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride.

9. The method for producing annual asparagus roots by staged seedbed maintenance according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, in the early stage of composting, the compost is turned every 2-3 days; when the temperature reaches above 45-50°C, the compost enters the high temperature stage and is turned every 5-7 days. The high temperature stage generally lasts for 1-2 weeks; when the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage and is turned every 10-15 days.

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