Electromagnetic ejection type impact test device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic ejection type impact testing machine device and a testing method, and belongs to the technical field of impact testing. The problem that when an existing impact testing machine needs a high impact speed, the device also needs a large acceleration distance is solved. The first electromagnetic main track and the second electromagnetic main track are fixedly connected to the track support in the length direction, the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks are fixedly connected to the portions, on the two sides of the first electromagnetic main track, of the track support respectively, and the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks, the first electromagnetic main track and the second electromagnetic main track each comprise two parallel linear tracks. The linear track is formed by arranging a plurality of stators in the length direction, and each stator is wound with an electromagnetic coil. According to the invention, through the electromagnetic track acceleration device, a large impact speed can be obtained in a small acceleration distance, the automation degree of an impact test is improved to a great extent, and flexible adjustment and accurate control of impact gears are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electromagnetic ejection type impact test device and a test method, belonging to the technical field of impact testing. Background Art

[0002] An impact testing machine is a device that applies a force to a specimen to measure a material's resistance to impact under dynamic load, thereby determining the material's quality under dynamic load. Drop hammer and pendulum impact testing machines are the most common impact testing machines, both capable of instantaneously measuring and recording the specific curves of a material under impact. These precision testing instruments are used to measure the mechanical properties, process performance, and internal defects of metals, non-metallic materials, mechanical parts, and engineering structures under various conditions and environments, as well as to verify the dynamic imbalance of rotating components.

[0003] The electromagnetic catapult impact tester is driven by the increasing demand for impact resistance of materials, components, and equipment, necessitating more precise and controllable testing methods to assess their impact resistance. Traditional impact testing methods, such as drop hammer, slide rail, and pendulum, all rely on gravity to impart a certain initial velocity to the impacting body. Requiring higher impact velocities requires the device to be tall, placing high demands on the installation environment. Furthermore, there are issues with the low precision of impact velocity control and the high degree of environmental interference. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is to solve the above problems and further provides an electromagnetic catapult type impact test device and test method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0006] An electromagnetic ejection impact test device, comprising a screw level adjustment and pushing device, an electromagnetic track acceleration device, a track impact head and a hydraulic centering chuck fixture, wherein the electromagnetic track acceleration device comprises a track bracket, a slide rail and an acceleration track, wherein the acceleration track comprises two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks, a first electromagnetic main track and a second electromagnetic main track, wherein the first electromagnetic main track and the second electromagnetic main track are fixedly connected to the track bracket along the length direction, and the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks are respectively fixedly connected to the track bracket on both sides of the first electromagnetic main track, wherein the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks, the first electromagnetic main track and the second electromagnetic main track each comprise two parallel straight track arrangements, wherein the straight track comprises a plurality of stators arranged along the length direction, and an electromagnetic coil is wound around each stator, wherein the slide rail comprises a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a third slide rail, wherein the first slide rail is arranged at the first Between the two straight rails of an electromagnetic main rail and a second electromagnetic main rail, the second slide rail and the third slide rail are arranged between the two straight rails of the corresponding electromagnetic auxiliary rails. The rail impact head includes a main slide rail, which is slidably connected to the first slide rail. Multiple permanent magnets are bonded on both sides of the main slide rail. The permanent magnets are driven to move by the change of current in the electromagnetic coil, thereby realizing the movement of the rail impact head on the slide rail. The screw rod level adjustment and pushing device is fixedly installed above the electromagnetic rail acceleration device. The rail impact head is pushed by the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device to achieve adjustment of different initial positions. The hydraulic centering chuck fixture is arranged at the end of the electromagnetic rail acceleration device. The hydraulic centering chuck fixture is used to clamp and adjust the position of the impact test tube. The rail impact head is arranged opposite to the impact test tube fixed on the hydraulic centering chuck fixture.

[0007] Furthermore, the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device includes a stepper motor, a coupling, a BK support, a screw rod pushing nut, an L-shaped pushing plate, two linear rails, a screw rod and a BF support. The output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the screw rod through a coupling. The end of the screw rod close to the stepper motor is rotatably connected to the BK support, and the other end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to the BF support. The two linear rails are arranged parallel to the screw rod. The screw rod pushing nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod and slidably connected to the two linear rails. One end of the L-shaped pushing plate is fixedly connected to the screw rod pushing nut, and the other end of the L-shaped pushing plate pushes the rail impact head to achieve adjustment of different initial positions.

[0008] Furthermore, the electromagnetic track acceleration device also includes a starting buffer device, a welding bracket, an end buffer device, an energy storage system and an electronic control system. The welding bracket is fixedly connected to the top of the track bracket, the screw level adjustment and pushing device is fixedly connected to the welding bracket, the starting buffer device and the end buffer device are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the track bracket, and the energy storage system is electrically connected to the electromagnetic auxiliary track, the first electromagnetic main track and the second electromagnetic main track through the electronic control system.

[0009] Furthermore, a Hall element is installed between two adjacent stators.

[0010] Furthermore, the materials of the starting end buffer device and the end end buffer device are both PU.

[0011] Furthermore, the rail impact head also includes two auxiliary slides and an alloy impact head, the alloy impact head is fixed to the main slide, the two auxiliary slides are respectively fixed to both sides of the main slide through brackets, and the two auxiliary slides are respectively slidably connected to the second slide rail and the third slide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydraulic centering chuck fixture includes a base plate, a clamping frame, two slider fixing rails, a hydraulic cylinder, four centering double rocker slider mechanisms and two clamping blocks, the clamping frame is fixed to the base plate, the four centering double rocker slider mechanisms are grouped in twos, and the two groups of centering double rocker slider mechanisms are arranged in parallel on the clamping frame, the upper slider and the lower slider of each group of centering double rocker slider mechanisms are slidably connected in the slider fixing rail, the two clamping blocks are fixed to the clamping frame and are respectively arranged opposite to the upper slider and the lower slider, and the two ends of the impact test tube are clamped by the upper slider, the lower slider and the clamping block, the hydraulic cylinder is welded to the base plate, and the elongation of the protruding end of the hydraulic cylinder controls the upper slider and the lower slider of each group of centering double rocker slider mechanisms to move toward each other to clamp and fix the impact test tube.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the upper slider and the lower slider is provided with a 1 / 4 arc groove, and each of the clamping blocks is provided with a 1 / 2 arc groove. The arc grooves of the upper slider, the lower slider and the clamping blocks are arranged to form a complete circle to clamp the impact test tube.

[0014] Furthermore, the sizes of the upper slider, the lower slider and the arc groove on the clamping block are modularly customized according to the sizes of different impact test tubes.

[0015] A test method for an electromagnetic ejection impact test device includes an impact test tube clamping stage, an impact gear adjustment stage, an impact starting stage, and an impact head energy release and recovery stage. The impact test tube clamping stage is to clamp the impact test tube on a hydraulic centering chuck fixture; the impact gear adjustment stage is to start a screw rod level adjustment and pushing device to push the track impact head to a selected initial position; the impact starting stage is to accelerate the track impact head by an electromagnetic track acceleration device, and the track impact head impacts the impact test tube; the impact head energy release and recovery stage is the process of the track impact head going from motion to stillness after impact.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

[0017] This invention uses electromagnetic principles to drive the rail impact head to launch, applying the impact force on the impact test tube at high speed, thereby achieving fast and efficient impact testing. The electromagnetic ejection technology can control parameters such as impact speed, angle, and shape, and is not affected by environmental interference, with high repeatability and high test accuracy.

[0018] The present invention uses an electromagnetic track acceleration device to enable the track impact head to obtain a higher impact velocity at a smaller acceleration distance, thereby greatly improving the automation level of the impact test, lowering the device's requirements for the installation environment, and significantly reducing the degree of environmental interference.

[0019] The present invention uses a screw-type level adjustment and pushing device to precisely control the movement of the rail impact head to different initial positions, and accelerates the rail impact head through an electromagnetic rail acceleration device, thereby achieving flexible adjustment and precise control of the impact force of the rail impact head, thereby improving the test range and applicability of the device.

[0020] The present invention can adapt to impact test tubes of different sizes through modular improvement of the hydraulic centering chuck fixture. At the same time, the hydraulic centering chuck fixture can always keep the impact test tube in the center position of the impact, so that the impact energy of the rail impact head is utilized to the greatest extent, thereby improving the impact effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the electromagnetic catapult impact test device;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the screw level adjustment and pushing device in the electromagnetic catapult impact test device;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the electromagnetic track accelerator in the electromagnetic catapult impact test device;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the track impact head in the electromagnetic catapult impact test device;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hydraulic centering chuck fixture in the electromagnetic ejection impact test device;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a side view of the hydraulic centering chuck fixture in the electromagnetic ejection impact test device;

[0028] In the picture:

[0029] 1. Screw level adjustment and pushing device; 1-1. Stepper motor; 1-2. Coupling; 1-3. BK support; 1-4. Screw push nut; 1-5. L-shaped push plate; 1-6. Linear rail; 1-7. Screw; 1-8. BF support;

[0030] 2. Electromagnetic track acceleration device; 2-1. Starting end buffer device; 2-2. Welding bracket; 2-3. Stator; 2-4. Electromagnetic auxiliary track; 2-5. First electromagnetic main track; 2-6. Second electromagnetic main track; 2-7. End buffer device; 2-8. Track bracket; 2-9. Connecting plate; 2-10. First slide rail; 2-11. Second slide rail; 2-12. Third slide rail;

[0031] 3. Track impact head; 3-1. Main slide; 3-2. Permanent magnet; 3-3. Auxiliary slide; 3-4. Alloy impact head;

[0032] 4. Hydraulic centering chuck fixture; 4-1. Clamping frame; 4-2. Slider fixing rail; 4-3. Clamping block; 4-5. Hydraulic cylinder; 4-6. Centering double rocker slider mechanism; 4-7. Bottom plate; 4-8. Upper slider; 4-9. Lower slider;

[0033] 5. Impact test tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict, and the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific circumstances.

[0036] See attached Figure 1-6To describe this embodiment, an electromagnetic ejection impact test device includes a screw level adjustment and pushing device 1, an electromagnetic track acceleration device 2, a track impact head 3 and a hydraulic centering chuck fixture 4, the electromagnetic track acceleration device 2 includes a track bracket 2-8, a slide rail and an acceleration track, the acceleration track includes two electromagnetic auxiliary rails 2-4, a first electromagnetic main rail 2-5 and a second electromagnetic main rail 2-6, the first electromagnetic main rail 2-5 and the second electromagnetic main rail 2-6 are fixed to the track bracket 2-8 along the length direction, the two electromagnetic auxiliary rails 2-4 are respectively fixed to the track bracket 2-8 on both sides of the first electromagnetic main rail 2-5, the two electromagnetic auxiliary rails 2-4, the first electromagnetic main rail 2-5 and the second electromagnetic main rail 2-6 each include two parallel straight rails, the straight rails are arranged along the length direction by a plurality of stators 2-3, each of the stators 2-3 is wound with an electromagnetic coil, the slide rails include a first slide rail 2-10, a second slide rail 2-11 and a third slide rail 2-12, The first slide rail 2-10 is arranged between the two straight rails of the first electromagnetic main rail 2-5 and the second electromagnetic main rail 2-6, and the second slide rail 2-11 and the third slide rail 2-12 are arranged between the two straight rails of the corresponding electromagnetic auxiliary rails 2-4. The rail impact head 3 includes a main slide rail 3-1, which is slidably connected to the first slide rail 2-10. Multiple permanent magnets 3-2 are bonded on both sides of the main slide rail 3-1. The permanent magnets 3-2 are driven to move by the change of current in the electromagnetic coil, thereby realizing the movement of the rail impact head 3 on the slide rail. The screw rod level adjustment and pushing device 1 is fixedly installed above the electromagnetic rail acceleration device 2. The rail impact head 3 is pushed by the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device 1 to achieve adjustment of different initial positions. The hydraulic centering chuck fixture 4 is arranged at the end of the electromagnetic rail acceleration device 2. The hydraulic centering chuck fixture 4 is used to clamp and adjust the position of the impact test tube 5. The rail impact head 3 is arranged opposite to the impact test tube 5 fixed on the hydraulic centering chuck fixture 4. Preferably, the multiple stators 2-3 are all fixed on the track bracket 2-8 through the connecting plate 2-9, and the first electromagnetic main track 2-5 and the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks 2-4 are equal in length.

[0037] The present invention utilizes electromagnetic principles to drive the rail impact head 3 to launch, applying the impact force on the impact test tube 5 at high speed, thereby achieving a fast and efficient impact test. Electromagnetic ejection technology can control parameters such as impact velocity, angle, and shape, and is unaffected by environmental interference, resulting in high repeatability and high test accuracy. The present invention utilizes an electromagnetic rail acceleration device 2 to enable the rail impact head 3 to achieve a high impact velocity at a relatively small acceleration distance, significantly improving the automation of the impact test, lowering the device's requirements for the installation environment, and significantly reducing the degree of environmental interference. The present invention utilizes a screw-type level adjustment and pushing device 1 to precisely control the movement of the rail impact head 3 to different initial positions, and utilizes the electromagnetic rail acceleration device 2 to accelerate the rail impact head 3, enabling flexible adjustment and precise control of the impact force of the rail impact head 3, thereby increasing the device's test range and applicability. The present invention utilizes a hydraulic centering chuck fixture 4 to consistently maintain the impact test tube 5 at the center of the impact, maximizing the impact energy of the rail impact head 3 and enhancing the impact effect.

[0038] The screw rod level adjustment and pushing device 1 includes a stepper motor 1-1, a coupling 1-2, a BK support 1-3, a screw rod pushing nut 1-4, an L-shaped pushing plate 1-5, two linear rails 1-6, a screw rod 1-7 and a BF support 1-8. The output shaft of the stepper motor 1-1 is connected to the screw rod 1-7 through the coupling 1-2. The end of the screw rod 1-7 close to the stepper motor 1-1 is rotatably connected to the BK support 1-3, and the other end of the screw rod 1-7 is rotatably connected to the BF support 1-8. The two linear rails 1-6 are arranged parallel to the screw rod 1-7. The screw rod pushing nut 1-4 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 1-7 and is slidably connected to the two linear rails 1-6. One end of the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5 is fixedly connected to the screw rod pushing nut 1-4, and the other end of the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5 pushes the rail impact head 3 to achieve adjustment of different initial positions. Specifically, the BK support 1-3 and the BF support 1-8 are both standard support seats for the lead screw, and the length of the lead screw 1-7 is 775mm. The BK support 1-3 and the BF support 1-8 support and fix the lead screw 1-7. The torque generated by the stepper motor 1-1 is transmitted to the lead screw 1-7 through the coupling 1-2. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the stepper motor 1-1, the lead screw 1-7 connected by the coupling 1-2 is driven to rotate, so that the lead screw push nut 1-4 can achieve rapid forward and backward movement on the lead screw 1-7. At the same time, the two linear rails 1-6 support and balance the lead screw push nut 1-4, making it move more stable and smooth. The other end of the L-shaped push plate 1-5 extends to the bottom of the lead screw 5. When it is necessary to adjust the initial position of the track impact head 3, the track impact head 3, which is also under the screw rod 5, is pushed by the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5, so that the height difference between the screw rod pushing nut 1-4 and the track impact head 3 is compensated by the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5, and the other end of the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5 passes through the screw rod 1-7 and overlaps with the track impact head 3, so that the track impact head 3 can complete the selection of the initial position within the length range of the screw rod 1-7 under the push of the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5. By changing the starting position of the track impact head 3, the selectivity of the impact energy in the impact test is achieved.

[0039] The electromagnetic track acceleration device 2 also includes a starting buffer device 2-1, a welding bracket 2-2, an end buffer device 2-7, an energy storage system and an electronic control system. The welding bracket 2-2 is fixedly connected to the top of the track bracket 2-8, and the screw level adjustment and pushing device 1 is fixedly connected to the welding bracket 2-2. The starting buffer device 2-1 and the end buffer device 2-7 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the track bracket 2-8. The energy storage system is electrically connected to the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4, the first electromagnetic main track 2-5 and the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 through the electronic control system. The electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4, the first electromagnetic main track 2-5, and the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 primarily utilize the principle of permanent magnet synchronous linear motors. The energy storage system releases electrical energy to the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4, the first electromagnetic main track 2-5, and the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 through the electronic control system. The electromagnetic coils wound around the stator 2-3 generate a strong, linearly moving magnetic field with varying amplitude during the transmission of alternating current. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, this changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force with the permanent magnets 3-2 connected to the ends of the track impact head 3. This generates eddy currents within the track impact head 3. According to Lenz's theorem, the track impact head 3 and the permanent magnets 3-2 generate an attractive force and a force perpendicular to the generated magnetic field. This magnetic field generates a reactive suction force, causing the track impact head 3 to follow the changing magnetic field and perform linear motion. When the current reverses, the stator 2-3 generates an opposite magnetic field, and similarly, the force acting on the track impact head 3 also reverses, enabling the track impact head 3 to move in the opposite direction. Since changes in the length and number of turns of the electromagnetic coil wound on the stator 2 - 3 can affect the generated magnetic field, the output performance of the electromagnetic rail impact tester can be adjusted by changing the length and number of turns of the electromagnetic coil.

[0040] A Hall effect element is installed between two adjacent stators 2-3. This element detects the precise position of the rail impactor 3. As the rail impactor 3 accelerates within the slide rail, its position is identified by measuring the distance and velocity of the rail impactor 3 approaching or departing from the Hall effect element. This data is then matched with target prediction data to ensure launch accuracy and effectiveness. This allows for the efficient scheduling of power for different electromagnetic rails, significantly enhancing the automation of the impact test process.

[0041] The starting buffer 2-1 and the ending buffer 2-7 are both made of PU. Specifically, the starting buffer 2-1 is made of 15mm thick PU, while the ending buffer 2-7 is made of 40mm thick PU. Because the starting buffer 2-1 experiences less impact during the impact of the track impact head 3, a 15mm thick PU is used for the starting buffer. The ending buffer 2-7 experiences a greater impact load from the track impact head 3, so a 40mm thick PU is used for the ending buffer.

[0042] The rail impact head 3 also includes two auxiliary slides 3-3 and an alloy impact head 3-4. The alloy impact head 3-4 is fixed to the top of the main slide 3-1 near the end buffer device 2-7. The two auxiliary slides 3-3 are respectively fixed to the two sides of the main slide 3-1 through brackets. The two auxiliary slides 3-3 are respectively slidably connected to the second slide rail 2-11 and the third slide rail 2-12. Specifically, the alloy impact head 3-4 is positioned with the main slide 3-1 by a positioning pin. The length of the two auxiliary slides 3-3 is 40mm longer than that of the main slide 3-1. The alloy impact head 3-4 protrudes 75mm from the main slide rail. This design is to balance the additional torque of the alloy impact head 3-4, so that the rail impact head 3 has considerable stability during high-speed acceleration. At the same time, since the speed of metal in the magnetic field is slower than the speed of the magnetic field, slippage will occur, which will affect the accuracy of impact energy feedback and the impact effect. The movement speed of the permanent magnet 3-2 in the magnetic field is synchronized with the magnetic field, so six permanent magnets 3-2 are embedded on both sides of the main slide 3-1, which can greatly reduce the impact of slippage on the impact accuracy and improve the economy of the equipment.

[0043] The hydraulic centering chuck fixture 4 includes a base plate 4-7, a clamping frame 4-1, two slider fixing rails 4-2, a hydraulic cylinder 4-5, four centering double rocker slider mechanisms 4-6 and two clamping blocks 4-3. The clamping frame 4-1 is fixed on the base plate 4-7. The four centering double rocker slider mechanisms 4-6 are grouped in pairs. Two groups of centering double rocker slider mechanisms 4-6 are arranged in parallel on the clamping frame 4-1. The upper slider 4-8 and the lower slider 4-9 of each group of centering double rocker slider mechanisms 4-6 are slidably connected to Within the slider fixing track 4-2, the two clamping blocks 4-3 are fixedly connected to the clamping frame 4-1 and are respectively arranged opposite the upper slider 4-8 and the lower slider 4-9. The upper slider 4-8, the lower slider 4-9, and the clamping blocks 4-3 clamp the two ends of the impact test tube 5. The hydraulic cylinder 4-5 is welded to the base plate 4-7. The extension of the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder 4-5 controls the upper slider 4-8 and the lower slider 4-9 of each set of centring double rocker slider mechanism 4-6 to move toward each other to clamp and fix the impact test tube 5. The clamping frame 4-1 is mainly a fixing bracket for the centring double rocker slider mechanism 4-6 and can withstand certain impact loads. In addition to its clamping and positioning function, the clamping blocks 4-3 can also withstand major impact loads. Therefore, the clamping blocks 4-3 are preferably made of high-strength materials.

[0044] A 1 / 4 arc groove is provided on each of the upper slider 4-8 and the lower slider 4-9, and a 1 / 2 arc groove is provided on each of the clamping blocks 4-3. The arc grooves of the upper slider 4-8, the lower slider 4-9 and the clamping blocks 4-3 are arranged to form a complete circle to clamp the impact test tube 5.

[0045] The arc-shaped grooves on the upper slider 4-8, lower slider 4-9, and clamping block 4-3 are modularly customized to suit the size of the impact test tube 5. To adapt to a different size impact test tube 5, simply replace the upper slider 4-8, lower slider 4-9, and clamping block 4-3 with matching modules, move the clamping block 4-3 to the desired position, and secure it with a pin and screw. Guide grooves are provided on the slider fixing rail 4-2 to stabilize the linear movement of the upper slider 4-8 and lower slider 4-9.

[0046] A test method for an electromagnetic ejection impact test device is specifically divided into an impact test tube clamping stage, an impact gear adjustment stage, an impact starting stage, and an impact head energy release and recovery stage.

[0047] Impact test tube clamping stage: first start the hydraulic cylinder 4-5 and check whether the hydraulic cylinder 4-5 is normal. Then, based on the size of the impact test tube 5 to be tested, select the upper slider 4-8, the lower slider 4-9 and the clamping block 4-3 of appropriate size. Move the clamping block 4-3 to the appropriate position and then tighten it with screws. Start the hydraulic pressure to clamp and lock the impact test tube 5.

[0048] Impact gear adjustment stage: first check the working status of the power supply system, energy storage system and various components, then pass a small current into the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4, the first electromagnetic main track 2-5 and the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 to generate a force opposite to the impact direction, so that the track impact head 3 returns to the position where it interacts with the starting end buffer device 2-1, then start the screw level adjustment pushing device 1, the L-shaped pushing plate 1-5 interacts with the track impact head 3, and then moves the track impact head 3 to the selected initial position. After that, the opposite force of the electromagnetic track disappears and the screw nut returns to the initial position;

[0049] Impact start-up phase: the energy storage system releases energy, the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4, the first electromagnetic main track 2-5 and the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 are fully operational, and the track impact head 3 is accelerated along the slide rail. When the Hall elements at the ends of the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4 and the first electromagnetic main track 2-5 detect the passage of the track impact head 3, the electrical energy on the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4 and the first electromagnetic main track 2-5 decreases, and the track impact head 3 impacts the impact test tube 5. After the track impact head 3 has impacted the impact test tube 5, if the Hall element at the end of the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 does not detect the passage of the track impact head 3 after a few seconds, the entire track stops working;

[0050] Impactor Energy Recovery Phase: If the impact test tube 5 is not broken by the impact, the track impactor 3 rebounds in the direction opposite to the impact direction. At this point, the track impactor 3 possesses a high energy. Due to the opposite direction of motion, the accelerating magnetic field of the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 becomes a decelerating magnetic field. After the track impactor 3 is decelerated, the Hall effect element on the second electromagnetic main track 2-6 detects a decrease in the speed of the track impactor 3. The electromagnetic track acceleration device 2 then stops operating, and the track impactor 3 naturally decelerates to a standstill. If the track impactor 3 still maintains a high speed after being decelerated by the second electromagnetic main track 2-6, the track impactor 3 is decelerated to a standstill by the electromagnetic auxiliary track 2-4 and the first electromagnetic main track 2-5. If the impact test tube 5 is broken by the impact and the track impactor fails to rebound immediately, the track impactor 3 will collide with the end buffer 2-7, releasing some energy before rebounding or coming to rest. If the track impactor 3 and the impact test tube 5 become stuck after the impact, the experimenter will need to shut down the machine for troubleshooting.

[0051] Obviously, the embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all details in detail, nor do they limit the present invention to specific embodiments. Numerous modifications and variations are possible based on the contents of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all embodiments here.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic catapult impact test device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a screw rod level adjustment and pushing device (1), an electromagnetic track acceleration device (2), a track impact head (3) and a hydraulic centering chuck fixture (4); the electromagnetic track acceleration device (2) comprises a track bracket (2-8), a slide rail and an acceleration track; the acceleration track comprises two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks (2-4), a first electromagnetic main track (2-5) and a second electromagnetic main track (2-6); the first electromagnetic main track (2-5) and the second electromagnetic main track (2-6) are fixedly connected to the track bracket (2-8) along the length direction; the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks (2-4 ) are respectively fixed to the track brackets (2-8) on both sides of the first electromagnetic main track (2-5), the two electromagnetic auxiliary tracks (2-4), the first electromagnetic main track (2-5) and the second electromagnetic main track (2-6) each include two parallel straight tracks, the straight tracks are arranged along the length direction by a plurality of stators (2-3), each of the stators (2-3) is wound with an electromagnetic coil, the slide rails include a first slide rail (2-10), a second slide rail (2-11) and a third slide rail (2-12), the first slide rail (2-10) is arranged Between the two linear tracks of the first electromagnetic main track (2-5) and the second electromagnetic main track (2-6), the second slide rail (2-11) and the third slide rail (2-12) are arranged between the two linear tracks of the corresponding electromagnetic auxiliary track (2-4); the track impact head (3) includes a main slide (3-1), the main slide (3-1) is slidably connected to the first slide rail (2-10), and a plurality of permanent magnets (3-2) are bonded to both sides of the main slide (3-1), and the permanent magnets (3-2) are driven to move by the change of the current in the electromagnetic coil, thereby realizing The track impact head (3) moves on the slide rail, the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device (1) is fixedly installed above the electromagnetic track acceleration device (2), and the track impact head (3) is pushed by the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device (1) to achieve adjustment of different initial positions. The hydraulic centering chuck fixture (4) is arranged at the end of the electromagnetic track acceleration device (2), and the impact test tube (5) is clamped and position adjusted by the hydraulic centering chuck fixture (4). The track impact head (3) and the impact test tube (5) fixed on the hydraulic centering chuck fixture (4) are arranged opposite to each other.

2. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw rod level adjustment and pushing device (1) comprises a stepping motor (1-1), a coupling (1-2), a BK support (1-3), a screw rod pushing nut (1-4), an L-shaped pushing plate (1-5), two linear rails (1-6), a screw rod (1-7) and a BF support (1-8). The output shaft of the stepping motor (1-1) is connected to the screw rod (1-7) through the coupling (1-2). The end of the screw rod (1-7) close to the stepping motor (1-1) is rotationally connected to the BK support (1-3). The other end of the screw rod (1-7) is rotatably connected to the BF support (1-8), the two linear rails (1-6) are arranged in parallel with the screw rod (1-7), the screw rod pushing nut (1-4) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (1-7) and is slidably connected to the two linear rails (1-6), one end of the L-shaped pushing plate (1-5) is fixedly connected to the screw rod pushing nut (1-4), and the other end of the L-shaped pushing plate (1-5) pushes the rail impact head (3) to achieve adjustment of different initial positions.

3. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic track acceleration device (2) further comprises a starting end buffer device (2-1), a welding bracket (2-2), a terminal buffer device (2-7), an energy storage system and an electric control system. The welding bracket (2-2) is fixedly connected to the top of the track bracket (2-8), the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device (1) is fixedly connected to the welding bracket (2-2), the starting end buffer device (2-1) and the terminal buffer device (2-7) are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the track bracket (2-8), and the energy storage system is electrically connected to the electromagnetic auxiliary track (2-4), the first electromagnetic main track (2-5) and the second electromagnetic main track (2-6) through the electric control system.

4. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A Hall element is installed between two adjacent stators (2-3).

5. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The materials of the starting end buffer device (2-1) and the ending end buffer device (2-7) are both PU.

6. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rail impact head (3) further comprises two auxiliary slides (3-3) and an alloy impact head (3-4); the alloy impact head (3-4) is fixedly connected to the main slide (3-1); the two auxiliary slides (3-3) are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the main slide (3-1) via brackets; and the two auxiliary slides (3-3) are respectively slidably connected to the second slide rail (2-11) and the third slide rail (2-12).

7. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic centering chuck fixture (4) comprises a base plate (4-7), a clamping frame (4-1), two slider fixing rails (4-2), a hydraulic cylinder (4-5), four centering double rocker slider mechanisms (4-6) and two clamping blocks (4-3). The clamping frame (4-1) is fixed on the base plate (4-7). The four centering double rocker slider mechanisms (4-6) are arranged in pairs. Two groups of centering double rocker slider mechanisms (4-6) are arranged in parallel on the clamping frame (4-1). The upper slider (4-8) and the lower slider (4-9) of each group of centering double rocker slider mechanisms (4-6) are slidably connected to the slide. The two clamping blocks (4-3) are fixed on the clamping frame (4-1) and respectively arranged opposite to the upper slider (4-8) and the lower slider (4-9). The upper slider (4-8), the lower slider (4-9) and the clamping blocks (4-3) are used to clamp the two ends of the impact test tube (5). The hydraulic cylinder (4-5) is welded to the bottom plate (4-7). The extension of the protruding end of the hydraulic cylinder (4-5) controls the upper slider (4-8) and the lower slider (4-9) of each group of the centering double rocker slider mechanism (4-6) to move toward each other so as to clamp and fix the impact test tube (5).

8. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the upper slider (4-8) and the lower slider (4-9) is provided with a 1 / 4 arc groove, and each of the clamping blocks (4-3) is provided with a 1 / 2 arc groove. The arc grooves of the upper slider (4-8), the lower slider (4-9) and the clamping blocks (4-3) are arranged to form a complete circle to clamp the impact test tube (5).

9. The electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sizes of the arc grooves on the upper slider (4-8), the lower slider (4-9) and the clamping block (4-3) are modularly customized according to the sizes of different impact test tubes (5).

10. A test method for the electromagnetic catapult impact test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The invention comprises an impact test tube clamping stage, an impact gear adjustment stage, an impact starting stage and an impact head energy release and recovery stage. The impact test tube clamping stage is to clamp the impact test tube (5) on the hydraulic centering chuck fixture (4); the impact gear adjustment stage is to start the screw rod level adjustment and pushing device (1) to push the track impact head (3) to the selected initial position; the impact starting stage is to accelerate the track impact head (3) by the electromagnetic track acceleration device (2), and the track impact head (3) impacts the impact test tube (5); the impact head energy release and recovery stage is the process of the track impact head (3) from motion to stillness after the impact.

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