Method for preparing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and decomposing starfish raw material
The method of producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and purifying starfish raw materials has solved the problem of low utilization rate of starfish, achieved resource utilization and environmentally friendly agricultural production, and improved crop quality and insecticidal effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510867119.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-02
AI Technical Summary
How to effectively utilize a large number of starfish that harms shellfish farming, reduce its environmental pollution and economic losses, realize resource utilization, and improve the agricultural utilization rate of starfish.
The method of using starfish raw materials to ferment and decompose to make liquid fertilizer, including preparing microbial bacteria agents, collecting and cleaning of starfish, crushing treatment, mixing materials, fermentation process and deodorization treatment, and finally filtering the liquid to form starfish fermentation and decomposing liquid fertilizer.
It has realized the resource utilization of starfish, reduced environmental pollution, reduced fertilizer use, improved agricultural production efficiency and crop quality, and has insecticidal effects, and is in line with the concept of ecological agriculture.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of liquid fertilizer preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials. Background Art
[0002] Starfish, also known as sea stars, belong to the order Acanthodes, class Asteroidea, phylum Echinodermata. In recent years, the number of starfish in aquaculture areas has surged. Starfish are top predators, using their tube feet to pry open shells and secreting digestive enzymes to dissolve the soft tissues of their prey before consuming them. Large concentrations of starfish have led to a significant decline in aquaculture shellfish production, earning them the nickname "sea locusts," causing economic losses for fishermen.
[0003] Starfish contain a variety of biologically active substances. Numerous published studies have shown that these substances possess unique applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Starfish contain lipids, polysaccharides, peptides, amino acids, collagen, saponins, sterols, alkaloids, and other nutrients and active substances. They also contain a variety of minerals, including calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, nickel, and manganese.
[0004] After catching starfish, humans discard them carelessly. When they die and rot, they emit an unpleasant odor, damaging the environment. Furthermore, starfish contain biotoxins, making them unsuitable for large-scale consumption. Therefore, finding effective ways to utilize the large number of starfish that harm shellfish farming is imperative. Along the Bohai and Yellow Sea coasts, farmers capture starfish that harm scallop farming, dry them, grind them into powder, and apply them to vegetables or fruit trees. The applied vegetables and fruit trees have thicker leaves, and the fruit sets and taste better. The agricultural application of starfish relies on its rich nutritional content (protein, amino acids, minerals, etc.) and bioactive substances (polysaccharides, saponins, enzymes, etc.). Through resource utilization, it can be developed into green agricultural inputs.
[0005] Effectively utilizing the vast number of starfish that threaten shellfish aquaculture is imperative, and turning starfish waste into valuable resources is a key issue we are deeply researching. Some researchers have reported that aqueous and ethanol extracts of starfish have potent inhibitory effects on fungal growth and spore development. Structural analysis has confirmed that these extracts are a type of astrin. Furthermore, numerous studies have been conducted in China on the antifungal activity of astrin, demonstrating that extracted astrin has a significant morphological abnormality in fungal strains. Recent domestic research has demonstrated that astrin, a steroidal compound extracted from starfish, inhibits the growth and development of fruit flies and the southern root-knot nematode. Astrin is toxic to annelids, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. Its toxic effects are likely due largely to changes in cell surfaces that disrupt the integrity of cell and tissue membranes.
[0006] As the load of shellfish aquaculture areas in my country's offshore areas increases, there are more and more reports of starfish harming shellfish aquaculture. Therefore, it is necessary to design a process and method for using starfish to make agricultural inputs to solve the problem of poor utilization of starfish that currently harms shellfish aquaculture and causes economic losses. Summary of the Invention
[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials.
[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials, comprising the following steps:
[0009] S1. Preparation of microbial agent: Bacillus subtilis, EM agent, and yeast are mixed evenly, and then added to a brown sugar aqueous solution or a molasses aqueous solution to prepare a microbial agent;
[0010] S2. Starfish collection and cleaning: Select fresh or frozen starfish and rinse them repeatedly with clean water and then soak them;
[0011] S3, starfish crushing processing: the cleaned starfish is crushed into a paste using a crusher;
[0012] S4, material mixing: put the crushed starfish paste, brown sugar, corn flour, and prepared microbial agent into a container, add clean water and stir evenly;
[0013] S5. Initial stage of fermentation: Stir thoroughly 2-3 times a day and ventilate for the first 5 days of fermentation;
[0014] S6, mid-fermentation: 5-10 days of fermentation, fermentation tends to be stable, exhaust every 2-3 days;
[0015] S7, late fermentation and deodorization: on the 10th to 20th day of fermentation, the fermentation is stable, and the gas is exhausted every 5 days. On the 15th day, crushed tangerine peel, orange peel or grapefruit peel is added for deodorization;
[0016] S8, fermentation is complete: the upper layer of the fermentation liquid is dark brown, without obvious fishy smell, and the fermentation is complete when clear liquid appears;
[0017] S9. Filter and take liquid: After sedimentation and filtration, take the upper liquid, which is the fermented and decomposed liquid fertilizer of the starfish. The fermentation residue is retained as solid fertilizer for use as base fertilizer for crops.
[0018] Specifically, the microbial agent in step S1 is prepared as follows: 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of EM agent, and 1 part of yeast are mixed evenly, added to a 5% brown sugar aqueous solution or molasses aqueous solution at 34-36° C., and cultured anaerobically in a container with a one-way exhaust valve at 20-35° C. for 5-7 days. During the first 3 days, the container is opened and exhausted once a day, and the solution is fully stirred once. The exhaust frequency can be reduced to once every 2 days in the following days. A small amount of bubbles appear on the surface of the solution, and a sweet and sour smell and a wine lees smell are emitted, indicating that the bacterial population is expanding normally. The solution is brown, has a strong sweet and sour smell, no odor or sour taste, and fine bubbles are produced when shaken, indicating that the microbial agent is successfully prepared.
[0019] Specifically, the starfish in step S2 is selected to be free of decay and odor, and the surface mud, mucus and impurities are repeatedly washed with clean water, and the starfish is soaked in clean water for 2-3 hours, and the water is changed in the middle to reduce the salt content.
[0020] Specifically, the starfish paste in step S3 has a crushing degree of no more than 3 mm, and the crushed starfish paste is sent to a temporary storage tank.
[0021] Specifically, the starfish paste, brown sugar, corn flour, prepared microbial agent, and clean water in step S4 are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:3:2:5:40. After mixing, the water level must be more than 10 cm higher than the material. After stirring evenly, the container with a one-way exhaust valve is sealed.
[0022] Specifically, in the initial stage of fermentation in step S5, the temperature is maintained at 20-35° C., and the mixture is ventilated and fully stirred before being sealed for fermentation.
[0023] Specifically, in step S6, the temperature is maintained at 20-35° C. in the middle stage of fermentation, and the mixture is continuously stirred during the exhaust process, and then sealed and fermented.
[0024] Specifically, in the late fermentation stage of step S7, the temperature is maintained at 20-35° C., crushed tangerine peel, orange peel or grapefruit peel is added and stirred continuously and fully, and then the mixture is sealed and fermented.
[0025] Specifically, if the fermentation liquid after the fermentation in step S8 is produced in a factory in large quantities, a desalination operation is performed on the fermentation liquid, and then a filtration operation is performed to obtain the liquid.
[0026] A method for using fermented and decomposed starfish liquid fertilizer prepared by a method for fermenting and decomposing starfish raw materials to produce liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps:
[0027] 1) Foliar spraying: dilute the stock solution of water and fertilizer at a ratio of 1:50-100, stir well and spray on the front and back of the leaves with a sprayer;
[0028] 2) Root topdressing: dilute the original solution with water at a ratio of 1:20-30, and irrigate around the roots of the plants.
[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0030] The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials designed by the present invention obtains the composted liquid fertilizer through the processes of washing the salt off the starfish, crushing it, adding auxiliary materials, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the fermentation bacteria, stirring, oxygenating, settling, filtering, and collecting the liquid. The fermentation bacteria decompose the starfish, which fully utilizes the marine organisms that are harmful to shellfish farming and reduces the environmental pollution caused by arbitrary discarding. The use of chemical fertilizers is reduced by using the fermentation bacteria of the starfish to decompose the water fertilizer.
[0031] The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials designed by the present invention utilizes the characteristic that starfish itself is rich in protein. After fermentation with a bacterial agent, the obtained liquid fertilizer has a high amino acid content. In addition, starfish has biological toxins, which can be diluted and used on plant roots and leaves, and have a killing effect on root pests. By turning starfish into treasure, marine biological disasters and the impact on shellfish farming are reduced, and the use of agricultural chemical fertilizers is reduced. It conforms to the concept of ecological agriculture, is simple and easy to use, and has good effects. It can be used for industrial production as well as for small farmers' own production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] Example 1: Small quantity production example.
[0034] A method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials is prepared by the following steps:
[0035] 1. Prepare the microbial inoculant. Mix 1 part Bacillus subtilis, 1 part EM inoculant, and 1 part yeast, add all to a 5% brown sugar solution or molasses solution at 35°C, and culture at 20°C in a container with a one-way exhaust valve for 7 days. Open the container once a day for the first 3 days to vent the solution and stir the solution thoroughly. In the following days, the venting frequency can be reduced to once every two days. If a small amount of bubbles appear on the surface of the solution and it emits a sweet and sour smell and a wine lees smell, it indicates that the bacterial population is expanding normally. The microbial inoculant is successfully prepared. The solution is brown in color, has a strong sweet and sour smell, no odor, and fine bubbles appear when shaken.
[0036] 2. Collect and clean starfish. Choose fresh or frozen starfish (no rot, no odor), rinse the surface mud, mucus, and impurities repeatedly with clean water, and soak them in clean water for 3 hours (changing the water halfway) to reduce the salt content.
[0037] 3. Crushing the starfish: Use a grinder to grind the cleaned starfish into a paste. Crushing accelerates the decomposition of protein and other components and reduces fermentation time.
[0038] 4. Mix the materials. Place the crushed starfish paste, brown sugar, cornstarch, and prepared microbial agent into a container and add clean water to mix evenly. Mix the starfish paste, brown sugar, cornstarch, prepared microbial agent, and clean water in a weight ratio of 10:3:2:5:40. After mixing, the water level should be at least 10 cm higher than the materials. After stirring evenly, seal the container with a one-way exhaust valve.
[0039] 5. Initial fermentation: Maintain the temperature at 20°C, stir thoroughly 3 times a day for the first 5 days, ventilate, and then seal for fermentation.
[0040] 6. Fermentation mid-stage: Maintain the temperature at 20°C. On the 10th day of fermentation, the fermentation tends to be stable. Vent the air every 2 days, continue to stir thoroughly, and then seal and ferment again.
[0041] 7. Late fermentation and deodorization: Maintain the temperature at 20°C. On the 20th day of fermentation, when the fermentation is stable, vent the air every 5 days. On the 15th day, add crushed orange peel, tangerine peel, or grapefruit peel for deodorization. Continue to stir thoroughly and then seal the fermentation again.
[0042] 8. Fermentation is complete when the upper layer of liquid is dark brown and has no noticeable fishy odor. Fermentation is complete when clear liquid appears.
[0043] 9. Filter and take the liquid. After sedimentation and filtration, take the upper liquid, which is the fermented and decomposed liquid fertilizer of the starfish. The fermentation residue can be used as solid fertilizer for crop base fertilizer.
[0044] 10. Usage: ① Foliar spraying: dilute the fertilizer stock solution with water at a ratio of 1:50 (such as 10ml stock solution + 500ml water), stir evenly and spray the front and back of the leaves with a sprayer.
[0045] ② Root topdressing: dilute the original solution with water at a ratio of 1:20 and irrigate around the roots of the plant.
[0046] Example 2: Small quantity production example.
[0047] A method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials is prepared by the following steps:
[0048] 1. Prepare the microbial inoculant. Mix 1 part Bacillus subtilis, 1 part EM inoculant, and 1 part yeast, then add the mixture to a 5% brown sugar or molasses solution at 35°C. Ferment the mixture anaerobically at 35°C in a container equipped with a one-way exhaust valve for 5 days. Open the container once daily for the first 3 days to vent the solution and thoroughly stir the solution once. For the next few days, reduce the frequency of venting to once every two days. A small amount of bubbles appearing on the surface of the solution, along with a sweet and sour odor and a wine lees smell, indicate normal bacterial expansion. Continue stirring until the solution is brown, has a strong sweet and sour odor, and no odor or sourness. Fine bubbles form when shaken, indicating successful preparation of the microbial inoculant.
[0049] 2. Collect and clean starfish. Choose fresh or frozen starfish (no rot, no odor), rinse the surface mud, mucus, and impurities repeatedly with clean water, and soak them in clean water for 2 hours (changing the water halfway) to reduce the salt content.
[0050] 3. Crushing the starfish: Use a grinder to grind the cleaned starfish into a paste. Crushing accelerates the decomposition of protein and other components and reduces fermentation time.
[0051] 4. Mix the materials. Place the crushed starfish paste, brown sugar, cornstarch, and prepared microbial agent into a container and add clean water to mix evenly. Mix the starfish paste, brown sugar, cornstarch, prepared microbial agent, and clean water in a weight ratio of 10:3:2:5:40. After mixing, the water level should be at least 10 cm higher than the materials. After stirring evenly, seal the container with a one-way exhaust valve.
[0052] 5. Initial fermentation: Maintain the temperature at 35°C, stir thoroughly 3 times a day for the first 5 days, ventilate, and then seal for fermentation.
[0053] 6. Fermentation mid-stage: Maintain the temperature at 35°C. On the 8th day of fermentation, the fermentation tends to be stable. Vent the air every 2 days, continue to stir thoroughly, and then seal and ferment again.
[0054] 7. Late fermentation and deodorization: Maintain the temperature at 35°C. On the 10th day of fermentation, when the fermentation is stable, vent the air every 5 days. On the 15th day, add crushed orange peel, tangerine peel, or grapefruit peel for deodorization. Continue to stir thoroughly and then seal the fermentation again.
[0055] 8. Fermentation is complete when the upper layer of liquid is dark brown and has no noticeable fishy odor. Fermentation is complete when clear liquid appears.
[0056] 9. Filter and take the liquid. After sedimentation and filtration, take the upper liquid, which is the fermented and decomposed liquid fertilizer of the starfish. The fermentation residue can be used as solid fertilizer for crop base fertilizer.
[0057] 10. Instructions for use: ① Foliar spraying: dilute the fertilizer stock solution with water at a ratio of 1:100 (e.g. 10ml stock solution + 1000ml water), stir evenly and spray the front and back of the leaves with a sprayer.
[0058] ② Root topdressing: dilute the original solution with water at a ratio of 1:30 and irrigate around the roots of the plant.
[0059] Example 3: Factory mass production example.
[0060] A method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials, wherein the liquid fertilizer is prepared in a factory-scale manner by the following steps:
[0061] 1. Prepare the microbial agent. Use 1 part Bacillus subtilis, 1 part EM agent, and 1 part yeast, mix them all evenly, add them to a 5% molasses aqueous solution at 34-36°C, pour into a fermenter with a large-throughput single-way exhaust valve, adjust the temperature in the fermenter to 30-32°C, turn on the bottom agitator, and seal for anaerobic fermentation for 5 days. For the first 3 days, fully open the exhaust valve once a day to exhaust. For the last 2 days, the frequency of fully opening the exhaust valve can be reduced to once every 2 days. If a small amount of bubbles appear on the surface of the solution and it emits a sweet and sour smell and a wine lees smell, it indicates that the bacterial flora is expanding normally. When the solution turns brown, has a strong sweet and sour smell, no odor or sour taste, and fine bubbles are formed during stirring, the microbial agent is successfully prepared.
[0062] 2. Collect and clean starfish. Choose fresh or frozen starfish (no rot, no odor), and rinse the surface with clean water to remove mud, mucus, and impurities.
[0063] 3. Crushing process: Use a crusher to crush the starfish after simple washing. The crushing degree of the starfish should not be higher than 3mm. The higher the crushing degree, the better. After crushing, send the starfish into a temporary storage tank.
[0064] 4. Mix the materials. Pour the crushed starfish, brown sugar or molasses, corn flour, and prepared microbial inoculant into a fermentation tank with a large-volume, single-way exhaust valve. Add clean water and turn on the bottom agitator to mix evenly. Mix the starfish paste, brown sugar, corn flour, prepared microbial inoculant, and clean water in a weight ratio of 10:3:2:5:40. Stir evenly and seal the fermentation tank.
[0065] 5. Initial fermentation: During the first five days of fermentation, maintain the fermentation tank temperature at 30-32°C. Use the bottom stirrer to stir continuously at a slow speed of 10-20 revolutions per minute. On the third day, add 1%-3% of the total fermentation liquid weight in activated carbon for deodorization. Open the tank lid completely once a day, vent and stir once, then reseal and allow to ferment.
[0066] 6. Mid-fermentation: On the 5th to 10th day of fermentation, maintain the temperature of the fermentation tank at 30-32°C. When the fermentation becomes stable, continue to stir the bottom stirrer at a slow speed of 10-20 revolutions per minute. Open the tank cover completely every 2 days to vent and stir once, then seal and ferment again.
[0067] 7. Late fermentation: On the 10th to 20th day of fermentation, maintain the temperature of the fermentation tank at 30-32°C, fermentation is stable, and the bottom stirrer continues to stir slowly at 10-20 circles per minute. The tank lid can be completely opened every 5 days to vent and stir once, and then sealed for fermentation.
[0068] 8. Fermentation is complete. The upper layer of liquid is dark brown with no noticeable fishy odor, and there are no starfish fragments at the bottom. The starfish are completely decomposed, and clear liquid appears.
[0069] 9. Desalination of fermentation liquid. Starfish itself contains salt. If it is not removed, the high salt content after production will inhibit plant growth and cause soil salinization. Factory mass production is labor-intensive and time-consuming to clean starfish individually. The influence of salt can be eliminated by desalting the fermentation liquid after fermentation. Ion exchange resin is used for desalination. The functional groups on the resin exchange with the ions in the fermentation liquid to remove salt. The fermentation liquid is passed through a strong acid cation resin and a strong base anion resin. The Na in the fermentation liquid is + , Cl-, etc. are adsorbed by the resin, while other nutritional active ingredients and protein molecules are not adsorbed and flow out, thus achieving the desalination effect.
[0070] 10. Filter and take the liquid. After the fermentation liquid has been desalted, it is precipitated and filtered, and the upper liquid is taken. This is the fermented and decomposed liquid fertilizer of the starfish. The fermentation residue can be used as solid fertilizer for crop base fertilizer.
[0071] 11. Usage: ① Foliar spraying: dilute the original fertilizer solution with water at a ratio of 1:50-100 (e.g. 10ml original solution + 500-1000ml water), stir well, and spray the front and back of the leaves with a sprayer. ② Root topdressing: dilute the original solution with water at a ratio of 1:20-30, and irrigate around the roots of the plant.
[0072] The nutrients (protein, amino acids, minerals, etc.) in the fermented and decomposed liquid fertilizers produced in Examples 1, 2 and 3 are fermented and decomposed to form liquid water fertilizers rich in amino acids and small molecule peptides. After dilution, they can be directly absorbed by crops by spraying on leaves or irrigating roots.
[0073] The fermentation residue after fermentation bacteria decompose to form water fertilizer can be directly applied as base fertilizer to increase soil organic matter.
[0074] Starfish polysaccharide fermentation and bacterial hydrolysis can act as a "cementing agent" for soil aggregate structure, forming stable aggregates by adsorbing soil particles while increasing soil porosity and improving air permeability. It can also induce plants to produce osmotic regulators such as proline and betaine, while activating superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, enhancing crop resistance and improving fruit quality.
[0075] Starfish are rich in alkaline minerals such as calcium and magnesium, and can be used as a natural soil conditioner to increase the pH of acidic soil and alleviate the harm of acidic soil.
[0076] Starfish saponin is a natural insecticide. Starfish saponin is contained in the fermented starfish water fertilizer, which can inhibit bacteria and resist insects. It can paralyze insects, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pests, and reduce crop diseases.
[0077] The effects of the fermented and decomposed starfish liquid fertilizer produced in Examples 1 and 2 above on different plants are as follows:
[0078] 1) After using on leafy vegetables, the vitamin C content of leafy vegetables increased by 15% and the incidence of aphids decreased by 30%.
[0079] 2) When fermented residues of sea star fertilizer were applied to apple orchards, the sugar content of the fruit increased by 1.2 degrees, the weight of each fruit increased by 10%, and the soil organic matter content increased by 0.2 percentage points.
[0080] 3) Spraying starfish fermented bacteria decomposed fertilizer on corn seedlings increased the relative water content of leaves by 12% under drought stress and reduced the yield reduction by 30%.
[0081] 4) Spraying fermented starfish bacteria to decompose water and fertilizer before grapes sprout can advance the budding period and increase the fruit setting rate by 12%.
[0082] 5) Continuous root irrigation and topdressing with fermented starfish bacteria before picking can increase the anthocyanin content of tomato fruits by 13%, increase the soluble solids by 1.5 degrees, and extend the shelf life by 5-7 days; the vitamin C content of strawberries increases by 15%, and the fruit firmness increases by 10%, making them more suitable for long-distance transportation.
[0083] 6) Applying starfish fermentation bacteria to decompose water fertilizer and fermentation residues in acidic soil can increase the pH value by 0.5-0.7 and increase the soil organic matter.
[0084] 7) Starfish fermented bacteria were used to decompose water and fertilizer for root irrigation of tomatoes. The incidence of tomato diseases and insect pests was reduced, root nematode damage was suppressed, the plant's stress resistance was enhanced, and there were no obvious symptoms of diseases and insect pests on the leaves. The tomato fruits were significantly larger, the sweetness of the fruits was also improved, and the taste was better.
[0085] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Anyone should be aware that any structural changes made under the guidance of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same or similar to those of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0086] The technology, shape, and structure not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.
Claims
1. A method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of microbial agent: Bacillus subtilis, EM agent, and yeast are mixed evenly, and then added to a brown sugar aqueous solution or a molasses aqueous solution to prepare a microbial agent; S2. Starfish collection and cleaning: Select fresh or frozen starfish and rinse them repeatedly with clean water and then soak them; S3, starfish crushing processing: the cleaned starfish is crushed into a paste using a crusher; S4, material mixing: put the crushed starfish paste, brown sugar, corn flour, and prepared microbial agent into a container, add clean water and stir evenly; S5. Initial stage of fermentation: Stir thoroughly 2-3 times a day and ventilate for the first 5 days of fermentation; S6, mid-fermentation: 5-10 days of fermentation, fermentation tends to be stable, exhaust every 2-3 days; S7, late fermentation and deodorization: on the 10th to 20th day of fermentation, the fermentation is stable, and the gas is exhausted every 5 days. On the 15th day, crushed tangerine peel, orange peel or grapefruit peel is added for deodorization; S8, fermentation is complete: the upper layer of the fermentation liquid is dark brown, without obvious fishy smell, and the fermentation is complete when clear liquid appears; S9. Filter and take liquid: After sedimentation and filtration, take the upper liquid, which is the fermented and decomposed liquid fertilizer of the starfish. The fermentation residue is retained as solid fertilizer for use as base fertilizer for crops.
2. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific preparation steps of the microbial agent in step S1 are as follows: using 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of EM bacterial agent, and 1 part of yeast, all of which are mixed uniformly, and then added to a 5% brown sugar aqueous solution or molasses aqueous solution at 34-36° C., and anaerobic fermentation culture is carried out in a container with a one-way exhaust valve at an environment of 20-35° C. for 5-7 days. During the first 3 days, the container is opened once a day to exhaust and the solution is fully stirred once. The exhaust frequency can be reduced to once every 2 days in the following days. A small amount of bubbles are observed on the surface of the solution, and it emits a sweet and sour smell and a wine lees smell, indicating that the bacterial population is expanding normally. The microbial agent is successfully prepared until the solution becomes brown, has a strong sweet and sour smell, no odor or sour smell, and has fine bubbles when shaken.
3. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the starfish are selected to be free of decay and odor, and the surface mud, mucus and impurities are repeatedly washed with clean water, and the starfish are soaked in clean water for 2-3 hours, and the water is changed halfway to reduce the salt content.
4. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starfish crushing degree in step S3 is no more than 3 mm, and the crushed starfish paste is sent to a temporary storage tank.
5. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starfish paste, brown sugar, corn flour, prepared microbial agent and clean water in step S4 are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:3:2:5:
40. After mixing, the water level must be more than 10 cm higher than the material. After stirring evenly, the container with a one-way exhaust valve is sealed.
6. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the initial stage of fermentation in step S5, the temperature is maintained at 20-35° C., and the mixture is ventilated and stirred thoroughly before being sealed for fermentation.
7. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the middle stage of the fermentation in step S6, the temperature is maintained at 20-35° C., and the mixture is stirred continuously and fully during the degassing process, and then sealed and fermented.
8. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the late fermentation stage of step S7, the temperature is maintained at 20-35° C., crushed tangerine peel, orange peel or grapefruit peel is added and stirred continuously and fully, and then the mixture is sealed and fermented.
9. The method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and composting starfish raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the fermentation liquid after the fermentation in step S8 is mass-produced in a factory, a desalination operation is performed on the fermentation liquid, and then a filtration operation is performed to obtain the liquid.
10. A method for using a fermented and decomposed starfish liquid fertilizer obtained by the method for producing liquid fertilizer by fermenting and decomposing starfish raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Foliar spraying: dilute the stock solution of water and fertilizer at a ratio of 1:50-100, stir well and spray on the front and back of the leaves with a sprayer; 2) Root topdressing: dilute the original solution with water at a ratio of 1:20-30, and irrigate around the roots of the plants.