A kind of underground engineering protection structure and method for strengthening the total reflection of explosion stress wave

Abstract

The present invention discloses an underground engineering protection structure and method for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves, belonging to the technical field of underground engineering anti-explosion protection. The structure comprises a plurality of fracturing devices arranged in multiple rows on a horizontal plane projection, with adjacent rows of fracturing devices arranged in a staggered manner. The fracturing devices comprise a fracturing disk and a conduit, the conduit being connected to the center of the fracturing disk, and the fracturing disks on the adjacent rows of fracturing devices being orthogonal. The conduit is provided with a detonating cord, and the chamber inside the fracturing disk comprises an annular explosive chamber arranged on the periphery and an annular detonator chamber arranged between the explosive chamber and the conduit. When the fracturing disk is in an inclined state and undergoes a fracturing explosion, a fracture surface extending in an inclined direction is formed. When the explosion stress wave propagates to the lower surrounding rock, it forms a large-angle incidence with these inclined intersecting fracture surfaces. According to wave theory, the inclined fracture surface greatly increases the reflection effect of the stress wave, effectively reducing the impact of the explosion on the underground engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering anti-explosion protection, and in particular relates to an underground engineering protection structure and method for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves. Background Art

[0002] Burrowing weapons, leveraging their large mass and high kinetic energy, are becoming increasingly capable of penetrating rock formations. The depth of their penetration increases, making it difficult to dissipate the energy after an explosion, posing a significant threat to underground structures. Currently, conventional blast protection measures primarily focus on strengthening structural design, innovating protective materials, and adding energy dissipation and vibration reduction measures. For example, buried protective layers composed of prefabricated hexagonal honeycomb concrete cells and interlayer concrete slabs can effectively block the propagation of blast shock and facilitate replacement of damaged sections. Nanomaterials are incorporated into concrete to enhance blast resistance. For energy dissipation and vibration reduction, yield anchors are often used to absorb blast energy through plastic deformation, while end-wave-absorbing anchors, with their special structure, reduce shock wave transmission and enhance the overall blast resistance of the surrounding rock. Whether enhancing structural design or employing new anchors and cables to enhance energy dissipation and vibration reduction, the implementation of blast protection construction is complex, technically demanding, and time-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the defects of the existing conventional anti-blast protection construction process being complex, requiring high technical skills and taking a long time, the purpose of the present invention is to propose an underground engineering protection structure and method for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] An underground engineering protection structure for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves comprises a plurality of fracturing devices buried in an underground engineering protection area, each fracturing device comprising an inclined fracturing disk and a conduit extending in a vertical direction, wherein the conduit is connected to the center of the fracturing disk and the fracturing disk is tilted at an angle β in a vertical projection, the horizontal projections of the plurality of fracturing devices are arranged in multiple rows, and the fracturing devices in two adjacent rows are staggered, the fracturing disks on the same row are parallel, and the tilt angle β of the fracturing disks on the row is 45 degrees, and the fracturing disks on the row are tilted at an angle β of 45 degrees. The inclination angle β of the rupture disks on another adjacent row of rupture devices is 135°, so that the rupture disks on two adjacent rows of rupture devices are in an orthogonal state; the centers of the rupture disks at the same level on different rupture devices are located on the same horizontal plane; a first detonating cord for igniting explosives is provided in the chamber of the guide tube, and the chamber inside the rupture disk includes an annular explosive chamber disposed on the periphery of the rupture disk and for burying explosives, and an annular detonator chamber disposed between the explosive chamber and the guide tube and for arranging detonators; the explosive chamber and the detonator chamber are in communication, and the detonating connector of the detonator is connected to the first detonating cord.

[0006] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the conduit of each fracturing device is provided with several layers of fracturing disks distributed at equal distances along the vertical direction, the several layers of fracturing disks are in parallel, and the several layers of fracturing disks completely correspond to each other in the vertical direction.

[0007] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the conduit of each fracturing device is provided with several layers of fracturing disks distributed at proportional distances along the vertical direction, the several layers of fracturing disks are in parallel, and the several layers of fracturing disks completely correspond to each other in the vertical direction.

[0008] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the middle portion of the outer wall of the rupture disk is recessed toward the direction close to the catheter so that the outer wall of the rupture disk is arranged in a "V" shape.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for underground engineering protection that enhances the total reflection of explosion stress waves is provided. The method is based on uniformly disposing the aforementioned underground engineering protection structure that enhances the total reflection of explosion stress waves in the protection area. The specific process is as follows:

[0011] S1: Calculate the size of the rupture disk on the rupture device and the locations of the mounting holes of several rupture devices according to the protection area;

[0012] S2: After determining the depth of the mounting holes, drilling is performed. The projections of the mounting holes for mounting the crackers on the horizontal plane are arranged in multiple rows, and the mounting holes in two adjacent rows are staggered.

[0013] S3: Installing a fracturing device in the mounting hole and arranging the layers of fracturing disks on the fracturing device in sections, wherein the first fracturing disk located at the uppermost side in the vertical direction is used to form a permanent fracturing zone, and the remaining fracturing disks are used to form immediate fracturing zones;

[0014] S4: Deploying a vibration velocity sensor on the inner wall of a mounting hole corresponding to each rupture disk in the immediate rupture zone, and setting a threshold for triggering rupture disk explosion for the vibration velocity sensor;

[0015] S5: explosively fracturing the first fracturing disk on the fracturing device to obtain a permanent fracturing zone, and grouting the permanent fracturing zone;

[0016] S6: When the explosion impact intensity sensed by the corresponding vibration velocity sensor reaches the set explosion threshold, the remaining segments of the fracture disk distributed along the vertical direction are subjected to segmented explosion fracture in sequence to form deeper instant fracture zones until the explosion impact does not cause damage to the underground engineering.

[0017] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the distance between adjacent mounting holes in S1 is determined by the coverage of the fracture surface of the rock mass after the fracturing disk is blasted.

[0018] As an improvement to the above technical solution, when the fracturing devices are installed in the installation holes, the centers of the fracturing disks at the same level on several fracturing devices are located on the same plane.

[0019] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the vibration velocity sensor in S4 is arranged in the immediate fracturing zone and on the inner wall of the mounting hole corresponding to the center of the uppermost fracturing disk in each fracturing disk in the horizontal direction, and the maximum value of the spacing and row spacing of the vibration velocity sensors is less than or equal to the minimum size of the protected underground project on the plane.

[0020] The underground engineering protection structure and method for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The fracturing device used in underground engineering protection structure only includes a conduit extending in the vertical direction and a number of fracturing disks connected to the conduit and parallel in the inclined direction. It has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. When protecting, it adopts the active explosive fracturing method. It only needs to bury a number of fracturing devices in a number of installation holes distributed in a plum blossom shape in the protection area of ​​the underground engineering and then carry out a single fracturing explosion or multiple segmented fracturing explosions. The construction process is simple, the technical requirements are relatively low, the construction time is shortened, and it can quickly and easily achieve the purpose of reducing the transmission intensity of the explosive load and improving the explosion resistance of the cavern.

[0022] (2) When a fracture disk is placed at an angle, it forms fracture surfaces extending in the inclined direction. When the explosion stress wave propagates toward the lower surrounding rock, it forms a large-angle incidence with these inclined fracture surfaces. According to wave theory, the inclined fracture surface greatly increases the total reflection effect of the stress wave, effectively reducing the impact of the explosion on the underground project.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are specifically cited and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure rupture device including a rupture disk in an inclined state according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the rupture disk in the rupture device shown is in a horizontal position.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a front view of a rupture device of the present invention comprising a plurality of rupture disks in an equidistant structure in an inclined state.

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Axonometric diagram of .

[0028] Figure 5 1 is a front view of a multi-layer proportional distance structure of a rupture device comprising a plurality of rupture disks in an inclined state according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Axonometric diagram of .

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 or Figure 5 Axonometric view of the fracturing range of the fracturing device within the protection range of the underground project.

[0031] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic top view of .

[0032] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Projection view of the fracture range shown on the horizontal plane.

[0033] Figure 10 yes Figure 7 Schematic cross-sectional view of the even-numbered rows of crackers on the vertical plane.

[0034] Figure 11 yes Figure 7 Schematic cross-sectional view of the odd-numbered rows of crackers on the vertical plane.

[0035] Figure 12 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the fracturing path of an even-numbered row of fracturing devices within the protection range of an underground project.

[0036] Figure 13 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the fracturing path of odd-numbered rows of fracturing devices within the protection range of underground engineering.

[0037] Among them: 1. Fracture device; 2. Fracture disk; 3. Conduit; 4. Explosive chamber; 5. Detonator chamber; 601, first detonating cord, 602, second detonating cord; 7. Mounting hole; 8. Fracture surface; 9. Underground engineering; 10. Vibration velocity sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The various aspects and exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the detailed description below, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is intended only to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. In the drawings and the following description, at least some of the well-known structures and technologies are not shown in order to avoid unnecessary ambiguity in the present invention; and, for clarity, the sizes of some structures may be exaggerated. The features, structures or characteristics described below may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In addition, the terms "first or I", "second or II", "third or III", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] The directional words appearing in the following description refer to the directions shown in the drawings and do not limit the specific structure of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "setting", "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] A protective structure for underground projects that enhances the total reflection of explosion stress waves. It mainly uses crackers evenly arranged in the protection area to perform explosive cracking on the surrounding rock of the underground project, thereby reducing the impact of the shock wave on the underground project when the surrounding rock of the underground project is subjected to an explosion. After cracking, the surrounding rock of the underground project will produce multiple cracks in different directions. Such cracks can reduce the transmission intensity of the explosion load, thereby forming a safe protection for the underground project. When performing explosive cracking, it is necessary to generate a suitable cracking range through the minimum explosion load. Therefore, a special cracker is required for cracking. The present invention takes the direction in which the underground project extends to the ground as the vertical direction, and the direction perpendicular to the vertical direction as the horizontal direction.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2As one embodiment of the present invention, for underground projects with lower levels of protection, several single-layer fracturers 1 can be selected. These fracturers, buried within the protected area of ​​the underground project, are arranged in multiple rows in a horizontal projection, with adjacent rows staggered. Upon detonation, an inclined fracture surface 8 is formed to block the propagation of the explosive stress wave. The single-layer fracturers 1 comprise an inclined fracturator disk 2 and a vertically extending conduit 3. The conduit 3 is connected to the center of the fracturator disk 2, and in a vertical projection, the angle β between the conduit and the fracturator disk is 45° (i.e., the fracturator disks have an inclination angle of 45°). Furthermore, the fracturators in one row have an inclination angle of 45°, while the fracturers in the adjacent row have an inclination angle of 135°. This ensures that the fracturers in the same row are parallel, while the fracturers in adjacent rows are orthogonal. The guide tube 3 located in the center enables the fracturing disk 2 to evenly explosively fracture the surrounding rock after detonation, and can achieve a better fracture effect. The fracturing disk 2, which is arranged at a certain angle to the guide tube 3, can form a radial fracture slope on the surrounding rock of the underground project along a certain inclination angle when it explodes. In addition, the chamber inside the fracturing disk 2 includes an explosive chamber 4 and a detonator chamber 5. The explosive chamber 4 is an annular structure chamber arranged on the periphery of the fracturing disk. The annular structure of the explosive chamber can achieve uniform arrangement of the explosives inside the cracker, and the explosives located at the outer edge are more conducive to fracture of the surrounding rock during the explosion, which is safer and more convenient during the arrangement and use of the cracker; the detonator chamber 5 is an annular structure chamber arranged between the explosive chamber 4 and the guide tube 3, and the detonator chamber 5 and the explosive chamber 4 are interconnected; a first detonating cord 601 extending in the vertical direction is provided through the chamber of the guide tube 3, and a circular detonating cord 601 is buried in the explosive chamber 4. The second detonating cord 602 is distributed in a ring shape, and the detonator is arranged in the detonator chamber 5. The detonating joint of the second detonating cord 602 and the detonating joint of the detonator are both connected to the first detonating cord 601. With the help of the double insurance design of the second detonating cord 602 and the detonator, the explosives in the explosive chamber 4 are guaranteed to be detonated and the dud phenomenon is avoided. At the same time, the annular second detonating cord 602 can simultaneously detonate the explosives in the explosive chamber 4, thereby realizing the fracturing process of the cracker 1. At the same time, the first detonating cord 601 extending from the guide tube 3 realizes remote control of the explosion process of the cracker 1, which is conducive to the synchronous detonation of multiple crackers 1. In order to further optimize the structure of the fracturing disk 2, the outer wall surface of the fracturing disk (i.e., the outer arc surface extending in the circumferential direction) is recessed in the middle portion toward the guide tube 3 so that the outer wall surface of the fracturing disk is arranged in a "V" shape. This structure enables the explosive to more concentratedly impact the surrounding rock at the "V"-shaped notch during explosion, thereby increasing the strength of the broken surrounding rock. The explosive can effectively expand the fracturing range and save the use of explosives. Please also refer to Figure 2The thickness of the explosive chamber 4 in the vertical direction is greater than the thickness of the detonator chamber 5 in the vertical direction, so that the central area of ​​the fracturing disk 2 is pit-shaped compared to the outer edge area, which can further expand the fracturing range.

[0042] Reference Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As a second embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of inclined fracture discs 2 are provided on the conduit 3 of the fracture device 1, and the fracture discs on the same row of fracture devices are all in parallel. Figure 7 and Figure 10 For even-numbered rows of rupture discs, the included angle β between each rupture disc 2 and the catheter 3 in the vertical projection is 45°. Figure 7 and Figure 11 For odd-numbered rows of rupture discs, the angle β between each rupture disc and the catheter in the vertical projection is 135°, so that the rupture discs on two adjacent rows of rupture discs are orthogonal. Figure 12 、 Figure 13 During fracturing, the resulting cracks extend along a 45° angle on both sides of the conduit, forming a 45° inclined crack surface 8. When the blast stress wave propagates to the steeply inclined crack surface, it undergoes total reflection, altering the stress propagation path and biasing stress propagation, effectively protecting the underground engineering beneath the protected area. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the value of the tilt angle β can be varied based on the protection requirements of the underground engineering. The tilt angle of the fracturing disks on one row of fracturing devices should be β, while the tilt angle of the fracturing disks on the adjacent row should be (180° - β). In this case, the fracturing disks on the two adjacent rows are non-orthogonal.

[0043] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 4 When using such a fracture disk with parallel tilt directions, the fracture disks 2 on the same conduit 3 can be arranged to be evenly spaced. The multi-layer equidistant fracture device 1 comprises a conduit 3 extending in the vertical direction, and a plurality of fracture disks 2 evenly spaced on the conduit. The fracture disks completely correspond to each other in the vertical direction (i.e., the projections of the fracture disks on the horizontal plane of the plurality of fracture disks distributed on the same conduit are in an overlapping state). Figure 2The single-layer fracturing device shown includes identical fracturing discs, and their structures will not be reiterated. Multiple fracturing discs 2, evenly spaced on a conduit 3, can simultaneously perform explosive fracturing, achieving stable fracturing while expanding the fracturing range of the fracturing device 1. This allows for uniform, multi-layer fracturing of surrounding rock in underground engineering projects, forming multiple, equidistant, radially shaped fracture slopes extending along the inclination direction of the fracturing discs. The equally spaced fracturing discs 2 on the same conduit 3 have parallel inclinations and consistent inclination angles. The conduit 3 passes through the center of the multiple fracturing discs 2, and the detonating connector of the detonator and the detonating connector of the second detonating cord 602 within each fracturing disc 2 are connected to the first detonating cord 601 within the conduit. For a multi-layer equidistant structure fracturator 1, the distance between two adjacent layers of fracturing disks 2 can be calculated based on the hardness of the surrounding rock to be fractured and the size of the explosive chamber 4 on the fracturing disk. The number of fracturing disks 2 installed on a multi-layer equidistant structure fracturator 1 can be determined based on the range of surrounding rock that needs to be protected above the underground project and the importance of the actual underground project 9. In the process of determination, the number and spacing of the fracturing disks 2 on the same fracturator 1 can be adjusted according to the burial depth and the level of defense requirements. The principle is that when the defense requirements are high, the number of fracturing layers is large and the inter-layer spacing is small, and when the defense requirements are low, the number of fracturing layers is small and the inter-layer spacing is large. Figure 7 、 Figure 8 The horizontal projection of the aforementioned multi-layer equidistant structure crackers buried in the underground engineering protection area follows the plum blossom arrangement principle, specifically: the projections of several multi-layer equidistant structure crackers on the horizontal plane are arranged in multiple rows, and the crackers in two adjacent rows are staggered, and the cracking disks on the crackers in two adjacent rows are orthogonal. Figure 12 、 Figure 13 When using the above data to protect underground projects 9 where personnel are taking shelter and where important equipment is working, it is possible to quickly deploy multi-layer fracture surfaces 8 that can fully cover the underground projects, effectively blocking the propagation of explosion stress waves and reducing the risk of project damage.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 、 Figure 6 When using such fracture disks with parallel tilt directions, multiple fracture disks on the same catheter can be arranged at a proportional distance to obtain a multi-layer fracture device with a proportional distance structure. Specifically, in this embodiment, five fracture disks 2 are arranged on the same catheter 3. From top to bottom, the five fracture disks are sequentially referred to as the first fracture disk, the second fracture disk, the third fracture disk, the fourth fracture disk, and the fifth fracture disk. Assume that the distance between the second fracture disk and the first fracture disk is Δ h 1 , then the distance between the third rupture disk and the second rupture disk is Δ h 2 = Δ h 1 n, the distance between the fourth rupture disk and the third rupture disk is Δ h 3 = Δ h 2 n , the distance between the fifth rupture disk and the fourth rupture disk is Δ h 4 = Δ h 3 n Each multi-layer proportional distance structure of the rupture device includes several rupture disks in parallel state, and the rupture disks are completely corresponding in the vertical direction, and the rupture disks 2 and 3 are distributed in a proportional distance on the same catheter. Figure 2 The single-layer fracturing device shown includes the same fracturing disks 2, and their structure will not be repeated here. Multiple fracturing disks 2, distributed at proportional distances on the conduit 3, can simultaneously perform explosive fracturing, achieving stable fracturing while expanding the fracturing range of the fracturing device 1. This is used for multi-layer fracturing at proportional distances during blasting of surrounding rock in underground projects, forming multiple, equidistant, radially oriented fracture slopes extending along the inclination of the fracturing disks. For a multi-layer proportional distance structured fracturing device 1, the distance between two adjacent layers of fracturing disks 2 can be determined based on the vibration attenuation law of the protected site. By conducting a blasting vibration velocity attenuation law test on the protected site, the attenuation index α of the site can be obtained and used as the distance index for the proportional spacing setting. The number of fracturing disks set on a multi-layer proportional distance structured fracturing device 1 can be determined based on the range of surrounding rock that needs to be protected above the underground project 9 and the importance of the actual project. In the process of determination, the number and spacing of fracturing disks 2 on the same fracturing device 1 can be adjusted according to the burial depth and the level of defense requirements. The principle is that when the defense requirements are high, the number of fracturing layers is large and the inter-layer spacing is small, and when the defense requirements are low, the number of fracturing layers is small and the inter-layer spacing is large. Figure 7 、 Figure 8 The distribution of the multi-layer proportional distance structure crackers and the multi-layer equidistant structure crackers in the local engineering protection area is the same, and the crackers are projected on the horizontal plane in accordance with the plum blossom arrangement principle. Figure 12 、 Figure 13 When using the above data to protect underground projects 9 where personnel are taking shelter and where important equipment is working, precise and efficient layout can fully cover the multi-layer crack surfaces 8 of the underground projects, effectively blocking the propagation of explosion stress waves and reducing the risk of project damage.

[0045] In a third embodiment of the present invention, the conduit 3 of each fracturing device 1 is provided with a plurality of fracturing disks 2 having the same inclination. All fracturing disks in the plurality of fracturing devices 1 have an inclination angle β (e.g., β is 45° or β is 135°), and all fracturing disks are parallel. The choice of a single-layer fracturing device, a multi-layer equidistant structure, or a multi-layer proportional distance structure can be determined based on the specific protection requirements of the underground structure.

[0046] Based on the aforementioned underground engineering protection structure for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves, the present invention further proposes an underground engineering protection method for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves. The specific process is as follows:

[0047] First, the dimensions of the fracturing disk 2 on the fracturing device 1 and the locations of several fracturing mounting holes 7 are calculated based on the protected area. The specific process involves determining the coverage of the rock mass's fracture surface 8 after the fracturing disk 2 is blasted. Once the drilling operation and the fracturing disk 2 charge are economically combined, the drill hole dimensions, as well as the size and charge of the fracturing disk 2, are determined through blasting fracturing tests. The distance between adjacent mounting holes 7 is determined by the coverage of the rock mass's fracture surface 8 after the fracturing disk 2 is blasted. Ultimately, the optimal drilling plan and fracturing disk 2 dimensions are determined, while meeting technical requirements. Drilling is then performed based on the previously calculated locations and depths of the mounting holes 7. The drilling depth is precise, and the resulting horizontal projections of the mounting holes form a plum blossom pattern.

[0048] The single-layer structure of the cracker or the multi-layer equidistant structure or the multi-layer proportional distance structure in the above-mentioned embodiment is installed in the installation hole 7. The principle of arranging holes and placing crackers is to ensure that the cracking range of each layer of the rock mass in the inclined direction of the cracking disk can be covered and the cracking plane can be formed. After the cracker is installed, it is observed in the vertical direction. Several crackers are distributed in multiple rows, and the adjacent two rows of crackers are staggered to form a plum blossom arrangement. In this way, even-numbered rows of crackers and odd-numbered rows of crackers are formed. All the cracking disks on the same row of crackers are in a parallel state, and the centers of the cracking disks of the same level on different crackers are in the same plane. The best: the cracking disks on the even-numbered rows of crackers are orthogonal to the cracking disks on the odd-numbered rows (such as Figure 7 、 Figure 8 Furthermore, after the multi-layer equidistant structure fracturing device and the multi-layer proportional distance structure fracturing device are installed, the multiple layers of fracturing disks on the same fracturing device can be arranged in sections. The multiple layers of fracturing disks 2 on each fracturing device 1 are divided into at least two sections along the vertical direction. The first section of the fracturing disk located at the uppermost side in the vertical direction is used to form a permanent fracturing zone in the upper layer after explosion, and the remaining sections of the fracturing disk are used to form an immediate fracturing zone in the lower layer after explosion.

[0049] After the rupture disks are segmented and installed, vibration velocity sensors are deployed. The number of vibration velocity sensors within the protected engineering site is determined based on the scope of the protected object. The vibration velocity sensors are evenly distributed, with several sensors located on the inner walls of the mounting holes corresponding to each rupture disk segment in the immediate rupture zone. Ensure that at least one vibration velocity sensor is located on the inner wall of the mounting hole corresponding to the center of the topmost rupture disk in each rupture disk segment. The spacing and maximum row spacing of the vibration velocity sensors should be less than or equal to the minimum planar dimensions of the protected object. When deploying the vibration velocity sensors, a threshold is set to trigger the segmented explosion of the rupture disks in the immediate rupture zone. When the sensors sense that the explosion shock wave has reached the explosion threshold, the segmented explosive fracturing of the corresponding rupture disk segment is achieved.

[0050] To minimize the propagation intensity of the explosive stress wave during the initial explosion, after the fracturing device is deployed, the first fracturing disk 2 located on the uppermost side of the fracturing device 1 can be explosively fractured, depending on the importance of the protected object and the potential explosion depth, to form a rock fracture plane 8 in the first n layers. During the explosion, the first detonating cord 601 in the conduit 3 directly ignites the detonator and second detonating cord 602 on the first fracturing device, thereby detonating the explosives in the explosive chamber and forming a permanent fracture plane 8.

[0051] Finally, grouting is performed on the fracture surface 8. During grouting, polyurea grouting can be performed based on the locations of the various mounting holes 7, filling the fracture surface 8 with polyurea slurry. Because polyurea has excellent explosion and impact resistance, it forms an effective explosion-resistant layer after hardening. In addition to effectively reflecting the explosion stress wave through the discontinuous interface formed between the rock fractures and the polyurea layer, the polyurea layer also effectively resists rock deformation, further enhancing the rock's explosion and penetration resistance. This creates a highly effective upper fracture zone, which serves as a permanent fracture zone.

[0052] After the permanent fracture zone is formed, if the rock mass at that location is struck and explodes, while the permanent fracture zone can effectively reduce the propagation of the blast stress wave, with the advancement of explosive performance and weapon systems, the propagation intensity of the blast stress wave is difficult to predict. To ensure sufficient safety reserves for protection, the next segment of the fracture disk 2 is explosively fractured when the blast shock intensity sensed by the pre-set vibration velocity sensor 10 reaches the lower explosion threshold, thereby forming more rock fracture surfaces along the blast stress wave propagation path, thereby blocking the propagation of stress waves and effectively protecting underground engineering. Furthermore, with the blast shock intensity sensed by the corresponding vibration velocity sensor 10 reaching the set explosion threshold as a trigger condition, the remaining segments of the fracture disk distributed vertically can be explosively fractured in sequence, forming deeper instant fracture zones until the blast shock no longer damages the underground engineering.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment by any technician familiar with this profession based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underground engineering protection structure for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of fracturing devices buried in an underground engineering protection area, each fracturing device comprising a fracture disk in an inclined state and a conduit extending in a vertical direction, wherein the conduit is connected to the center position of the fracture disk and the fracture disk is projected at an inclination angle β on a vertical plane, the horizontal plane projections of the plurality of fracturing devices are arranged in multiple rows, and the fracture devices of two adjacent rows are staggered, the fracture disks on the same row of fracture devices are parallel, and the inclination angle β of the fracture disks on one row of fracture devices is 45°, and the fracture disks on the fracture devices of the adjacent row of fracture devices are 45°. The inclination angle β of the rupture disk is 135°, so that the rupture disks on two adjacent rows of rupture devices are in an orthogonal state; the centers of the rupture disks at the same level on different rupture devices are located on the same horizontal plane; a first detonating cord for igniting explosives is provided in the chamber of the guide tube, and the chamber inside the rupture disk includes an annular explosive chamber arranged on the periphery of the rupture disk and used to bury the explosives, and an annular detonator chamber arranged between the explosive chamber and the guide tube and used to arrange detonators; the explosive chamber and the detonator chamber are in a connected state, and the detonating joint of the detonator is connected to the first detonating cord.

2. The underground engineering protective structure for enhancing total reflection of explosion stress waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conduit of each fracturing device is provided with a plurality of layers of fracturing disks distributed at equal distances along the vertical direction, the plurality of layers of fracturing disks are in a parallel state, and the plurality of layers of fracturing disks completely correspond to each other in the vertical direction.

3. The underground engineering protective structure for enhancing total reflection of explosion stress waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conduit of each fracturing device is provided with a plurality of layers of fracturing disks distributed at proportional distances along the vertical direction, the plurality of layers of fracturing disks are in a parallel state, and the plurality of layers of fracturing disks are completely corresponding in the vertical direction.

4. The underground engineering protective structure for enhancing total reflection of explosion stress waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle portion of the outer wall of the rupture disk is recessed toward the direction close to the catheter so that the outer wall of the rupture disk is arranged in a "V" shape.

5. A method for underground engineering protection to enhance total reflection of explosion stress waves, characterized by: The method is implemented based on uniformly disposing an underground engineering protection structure for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the protection area. The specific process is as follows: S1: Calculate the size of the rupture disk on the rupture device and the locations of the mounting holes of several rupture devices according to the protection area; S2: After determining the depth of the mounting holes, drilling is performed. The projections of the mounting holes for mounting the crackers on the horizontal plane are arranged in multiple rows, and the mounting holes in two adjacent rows are staggered. S3: Installing a fracturing device in the mounting hole and arranging the layers of fracturing disks on the fracturing device in sections, wherein the first fracturing disk located at the uppermost side in the vertical direction is used to form a permanent fracturing zone, and the remaining fracturing disks are used to form immediate fracturing zones; S4: Deploying a vibration velocity sensor on the inner wall of a mounting hole corresponding to each rupture disk in the immediate rupture zone, and setting a threshold for triggering rupture disk explosion for the vibration velocity sensor; S5: explosively fracturing the first fracturing disk on the fracturing device to obtain a permanent fracturing zone, and grouting the permanent fracturing zone; S6: When the explosion impact intensity sensed by the corresponding vibration velocity sensor reaches the set explosion threshold, the remaining segments of the fracture disk distributed along the vertical direction are subjected to segmented explosion fracture in sequence to form deeper instant fracture zones until the explosion impact does not cause damage to the underground engineering.

6. The underground engineering protection method for enhancing the total reflection of explosion stress waves according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent mounting holes in S1 is determined by the coverage of the fracture surface of the rock mass after the fracturing disk is blasted.

7. The underground engineering protection method for enhancing total reflection of explosion stress waves according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the rupture devices are installed in the installation holes, the centers of the rupture disks at the same level on the rupture devices are located on the same plane.

8. The underground engineering protection method for enhancing total reflection of explosion stress waves according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration velocity sensor in S4 is arranged in the immediate fracturing zone and on the inner wall of the mounting hole corresponding to the center of the uppermost fracturing disk in each fracturing disk in the horizontal direction, and the maximum value of the spacing and row spacing of the vibration velocity sensors is less than or equal to the minimum size of the protected underground project on the plane.

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