Alfalfa cuttage method capable of improving survival rate

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of alfalfa cuttage, and particularly relates to an alfalfa cuttage method capable of improving the survival rate. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting cutting branches: selecting alfalfa plants in a squaring stage as a cutting material, and selecting robust branches without diseases and pests as cuttings; (2) cutting pretreatment: immersing a lower end notch of the cutting into a disinfectant, and then soaking into a naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution; finally, soaking the cuttings into a growth regulator to obtain pretreated cuttings; (3) inserting a cutting medium: inserting the pretreated cuttings into a nutrient solution for water culture; (4) transplanting: transplanting 25-30 days after cuttage. According to the alfalfa cuttage method, the rooting rate is high, the root system is developed, the survival rate of transplanted alfalfa is high, and plants grow strongly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to an alfalfa cutting method for improving the survival rate. Background Art

[0002] Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important perennial legume forage grass with high nutritional value, good palatability, and strong adaptability. It is widely used in livestock production. Alfalfa is well-known for its excellent quality and rich nutrition. It is not only rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, but also contains amino acids, trace elements, and unknown growth-promoting factors necessary for animal growth. "Jinneng 5020" alfalfa has excellent fall dormancy level 5 cold tolerance and exhibits strong disease resistance. This variety has a high leaf rate, with the number of leaflets maintained between 3 and 5. It not only produces a high yield of forage, but also has excellent quality, making it a variety that has attracted much attention in recent years.

[0003] Traditional alfalfa propagation methods mainly rely on seed propagation, but seed propagation has problems such as long cycles, large variation, and difficulty in maintaining excellent traits. In addition, some high-quality alfalfa varieties are difficult to propagate on a large scale through seeds due to low fruit set rate or low seed yield, which limits their promotion and application. Currently, commonly used cutting methods mainly include soil culture cutting and hydroponic cutting. At present, related research attempts to promote the rooting of alfalfa cuttings through methods such as exogenous hormone treatment, substrate improvement, and environmental regulation. For example, Chinese patent CN 110651670 B discloses a method for alfalfa cuttings, which selects different branch positions for cutting according to different seasonal conditions and cultivates them under different environmental conditions, greatly improving the rooting rate of alfalfa branch cuttings. However, this method has high seasonal requirements and is difficult to promote in some areas.

[0004] Currently, there is no very effective cutting propagation method for alfalfa, especially "Jinneng 5020" alfalfa. The rooting rate is low, especially the rooting rate of the upper nodes is low, and the root system is not well developed, resulting in a low survival rate after transplanting. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a cutting propagation method specifically for alfalfa. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a method for propagating alfalfa cuttings with improved survival rate.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for grafting alfalfa for improving survival rate comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Select cuttings: Select alfalfa plants in the budding stage as cutting materials, and select healthy and pest-free branches as cuttings, keeping each section 4-6 cm;

[0009] (2) Pretreatment of cuttings: Immerse the lower end of the cuttings in disinfectant, then in naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution; and finally in growth regulator;

[0010] (3) Inserting the cutting medium: insert the pretreated cuttings into the nutrient solution through the foam for hydroponics;

[0011] (4) Transplantation: Transplant after 25-30 days of hydroponics.

[0012] Preferably, the alfalfa is Jinneng 5020 alfalfa.

[0013] Preferably, the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid in the naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution is 500-600 mg / L.

[0014] Preferably, the mixture is immersed in the naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution for 2-3 hours.

[0015] Preferably, the growth regulator is prepared by adding 1000-1200 mg of the plant extract to 1 L of water and mixing well.

[0016] Preferably, the plant extract is obtained by extracting astragalus, cycad, sargassum and banana peel.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Chinese milk vetch, the fragrant blue orchid, the sargassum and the banana peel is 1: (0.3-0.5): (1.4-1.6): (0.8-1.2).

[0018] The present invention simultaneously soaks cuttings in naphthaleneacetic acid and a growth regulator, which have a good synergistic effect. This can accelerate the rooting of the cuttings, increase the rooting rate, develop a more developed root system, and improve the survival rate after transplantation. Analysis shows that the above treatment can provide the cuttings with a more comprehensive range of endogenous growth hormones and natural growth regulators, achieve component complementarity, significantly accelerate root primordium induction and root system growth, improve rooting quality and robustness, and ultimately achieve a higher transplant survival rate.

[0019] It should be noted that the milk vetch, safflower, sargassum and banana peels can be crushed after being dried to a moisture content of less than 10 wt %. The mass ratio of the milk vetch, safflower, sargassum and banana peels is also calculated using the mass after drying.

[0020] Preferably, the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: mixing dried astragalus, scutellaria baicalensis, sargassum and banana peel and then crushing them, adding water for soaking, heating for extraction, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and drying to obtain the plant extract.

[0021] Preferably, the soaking time in the growth regulator is 12-18 hours.

[0022] Preferably, the nutrient solution is prepared using 1 / 2 modified Hoagland nutrient solution of model NSP1021, which includes dry powder and concentrated solution.

[0023] Preferably, the nutrient solution is prepared by adding 11.02-11.05 g of dry powder to 20 L of water, then adding 20-22 ml of concentrated solution and stirring evenly.

[0024] The hydroponic nutrient solution in the cutting method of the present invention is prepared using 1 / 2 improved Hoagland nutrient solution of model NSP1021. The pretreated cuttings are more suitable for hydroponics in the nutrient solution. The alfalfa has a well-developed perennial root system, a higher survival rate after transplantation, and a better growth condition.

[0025] At the same time, the present invention improves the rooting rate of the upper stem nodes of alfalfa by combining pretreatment with a specific nutrient solution, thereby solving the problem of low rooting rate of the upper stem nodes in the cutting method in the prior art.

[0026] In addition, the season of transplanting should also be taken into consideration. When transplanting to the field, avoid high temperatures, as high temperatures are not suitable for transplanting to the field. If there are few cuttings and transplanting is necessary, shading and irrigation measures are needed to ensure the rooting rate. If there are many cuttings and no shading conditions are available, it is best to transplant them in autumn to ensure the rooting rate.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The present invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of alfalfa cuttings. By using naphthaleneacetic acid and a plant growth regulator to synergistically treat the base of the cuttings, the rooting rate of the alfalfa cuttings is significantly improved. At the same time, the use of a specific type of nutrient solution can enhance the alfalfa root system, make the cuttings grow stronger, and improve the survival rate of the alfalfa after transplanting. The method of the present invention is particularly suitable for the cutting cultivation of the alfalfa variety Jinneng 5020.

[0029] 2. The root systems and stems of alfalfa cuttings treated with the method of the present invention are more developed, which enhances the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients after transplanting, improves the adaptability and resistance of the seedlings to environmental stress after transplanting, and has a higher survival rate. This is of great significance for planting alfalfa in arid and semi-arid areas such as Xinjiang. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an alfalfa plant at the budding stage of Example 1;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cuttings of Example 1 cultured in a nutrient solution;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rooting of the cuttings of Example 1 after 25 days of cultivation;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the 25-day cultivation of cuttings from Example 1;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of transplanting the cuttings of Example 1 into soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] See also Figure 1-5 This embodiment provides a method for improving the survival rate of alfalfa cuttings, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Select cuttings: Select Jinneng 5020 alfalfa in the budding stage as cutting materials, select healthy and pest-free branches as cuttings, keep each section 5 cm, and leave only one leaflet (bud) at the top of the cutting. Remove the remaining large leaves or yellow leaves. The cutting incision should be kept in the principle of "flat on top and oblique on the bottom", that is, the top incision of the cutting is flat, the bottom incision is wedge-shaped, and the bottom incision is oblique at 40°;

[0039] (2) Pretreatment of cuttings: The lower end of the cuttings is first immersed in disinfectant for 2 seconds, then immersed in a 500mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution for 2.5 hours; finally, immersed in a growth regulator for 15 hours. The preparation method of the growth regulator is to add 1000mg of plant extract to 1L of water and mix them evenly. The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: drying the milk vetch, cycad, sargassum and banana peel to a water content of 5wt%, mixing the dried milk vetch, cycad, sargassum and banana peel in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1.5:0.8, crushing to less than 60 mesh, and obtaining a mixture. 12 times the amount of water is added to the mixture, soaking at room temperature for 16 hours, heating to 100℃, reflux extraction for 2.5 hours, filtering through a 100-mesh sieve, and obtaining an extract. The extraction is repeated 3 times, the extracts are combined, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze-dried to a water content of 3wt%, and the plant extract is obtained.

[0040] (3) Insert the cuttings into the nutrient solution through the foam, about 1.5 cm deep, and keep the cuttings upright. If moldy or dry cuttings are found, remove them in time. During this period, observe the growth of the cuttings. Once new leaves begin to grow, it indicates that the cuttings have successfully taken root. Ensure that the environment is well ventilated. The light intensity in the first week is 200 μmol / m 2 ·s, 12 h of light at 25°C, 12 h of darkness at 20°C, relative humidity 55%; in the second week, the light intensity was 250 μmol / m 2 s, 14 h of light at 25 °C, 10 h of darkness at 20 °C, relative humidity 60%; after two weeks, the light intensity was 300 μmol / m 2 ·s, 14h of light at 25℃, 10h of darkness at 20℃, relative humidity of 50%, the nutrient solution in the container is changed every 7 days, the nutrient solution is prepared using 1 / 2 modified Hoagland nutrient solution model NSP1021 from Beijing Coolaibo Technology Co., Ltd., the 1 / 2 modified Hoagland nutrient solution includes dry powder and concentrated solution; the preparation method of the nutrient solution is: add 11.02g of dry powder to 20L of water, continue to add 20ml of concentrated solution, and stir evenly.

[0041] (4) Transplantation: Transplant after 25 days of hydroponics. Before transplanting, use scissors to cut the newly grown branches of the rooted cuttings, leaving only 7 cm. This is to avoid excessive evaporation in the field that affects the survival of the plant. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that more plant nutrients are used for the root system to adapt to the new field environment, rather than for the growth of the above-ground branches. Before transplanting, water the soil with a sprinkler device to keep the soil half-drenched. Pay attention to timely watering within 2 weeks after transplanting to keep the field water holding capacity of the soil around the cuttings at about 75%.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no growth regulator is used in step (2). Step (2) is as follows: Cutting pretreatment: the lower end of the cutting is first immersed in disinfectant for 2 seconds, and then immersed in a 500 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution for 2.5 hours.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nutrient solution is prepared using modified Hoagland nutrient solution model HB8870-1, which is prepared by heating and dissolving 0.635 g of the modified Hoagland nutrient solution in 1000 mL of distilled water. The modified Hoagland nutrient solution is from Qingdao High-Tech Industrial Park Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nutrient solution is prepared using the cutting nutrient solution of Example 1 in Chinese patent CN 111133903B: the cutting nutrient solution uses improved 1 / 2 Hoagland as the base liquid, and 1 / 1000 HB101 natural plant vitality liquid is added.

[0048] Comparative Example 4

[0049] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of Chinese milk vetch, Chinese gentian, sargassum and banana peel is 1:1:1:1.

[0050] Comparative Example 5

[0051] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the dried Chinese milk vetch, Chinese gentian, sargassum and banana peel are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1.5:0.8, and are replaced by dried Scutellaria baicalensis, Rheum palmatum root, Acanthopanax slendersii root and pitaya peel are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1.5:0.8.

[0052] Comparative Example 6

[0053] This comparative example differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the growth regulator was not used, and the concentration of the naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution was increased to 1000 mg / L. Step (2) was as follows: the lower end of the cutting was first immersed in disinfectant for 2 seconds, and then immersed in a 1000 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution for 2.5 hours.

[0054] Comparative Example 7

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the concentration of the naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution is 500 mg / L and replaced with 500 mg / L indoleacetic acid.

[0056] Performance Testing

[0057] The upper stem node, middle stem node and lower stem node of alfalfa plant are selected respectively as cuttings, the upper stem node is the 1st-2nd node from the top of the alfalfa branch (lignification is low, the branch is relatively soft, and the bending amplitude of the branch when gently pressed is large), the middle stem node is the 3rd-6th node from the top (lignification is medium, and the branch is slightly bent when placed horizontally on a finger and pressed gently), and the lower stem node is the 7th-8th node (lignification is high, and the branch does not bend when gently pressed). Alfalfa cuttings are carried out according to the method of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7, and 50 strains are taken from the upper stem node, middle stem node and lower stem node respectively, and the experiment is repeated 3 times to average.

[0058] (1) Rooting rate: The rooting rate on the 25th day after cutting was calculated. Rooting rate = rooted plants / initial plants × 100%.

[0059] (2) Root length: The average root length after 25 days of cutting was calculated.

[0060] The results are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0061] Table 1 Test results of upper stem nodes

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Table 2 Test results of the middle stem node

[0065] Rooting rate% Root length cm Example 1 96.54±5.13 12.51±1.04 Comparative Example 1 80.39±4.05 9.12±1.59 Comparative Example 2 86.22±6.31 9.78±1.62 Comparative Example 3 87.71±5.47 9.98±1.83 Comparative Example 4 91.18±4.22 11.17±1.54 Comparative Example 5 89.61±4.68 10.52±1.78 Comparative Example 6 84.83±6.50 9.39±1.50 Comparative Example 7 86.47±5.26 10.05±1.49

[0066] Table 3 Test results of lower stem nodes

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] As shown in Table 1, the method of Example 1 has a high rooting rate of alfalfa and good root growth effect, especially the rooting rate of the upper stem nodes which are difficult to root is greater than 85%, and the survival rate of alfalfa after transplantation is high.

[0070] In Comparative Example 1, no growth regulator was used for soaking, and it can be seen that the rooting rate and root growth effect were significantly reduced.

[0071] Comparative Examples 2 and 3 demonstrate the significant impact of nutrient solution on the rooting rate of alfalfa. In Comparative Example 3, a nutrient solution disclosed in the prior art was used in combination with a natural plant vitality solution, but the rooting rate was still lower than that of Example 1. This demonstrates that the use of a plant growth regulator in the present invention is more effective than adding a natural plant vitality solution to the nutrient solution for the initial soaking of alfalfa, and that the growth regulator itself is also more effective than commercially available products.

[0072] In Comparative Examples 4-5, the raw materials and ratios of the plant extracts were changed, and the rooting rate decreased, indicating that only extraction with plant raw materials of specific types and ratios can achieve an ideal improvement in the rooting rate of alfalfa. It also indicates that there is a synergistic effect between the components of the plant extract of Example 1 and naphthaleneacetic acid.

[0073] In Comparative Example 6, the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid was increased, and the plants were not immersed in the growth regulator, but the cultivation effect was still unsatisfactory, indicating that the present invention uses naphthaleneacetic acid and the growth regulator to synergize and improve the rooting rate.

[0074] In Comparative Example 7, naphthaleneacetic acid was replaced by indoleacetic acid, and the effect decreased, indicating that the naphthaleneacetic acid, growth regulator and nutrient solution in the present invention have better synergistic effect.

[0075] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for grafting alfalfa for improving survival rate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selecting cuttings: Select alfalfa plants in the budding stage as cutting materials, and select healthy and pest-free branches as cuttings; (2) Pretreatment of cuttings: The lower end of the cuttings is first immersed in disinfectant, then in a naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution; finally, it is immersed in a growth regulator to obtain pretreated cuttings; the growth regulator is prepared using plant extracts; (3) Inserting the cutting medium: inserting the pretreated cuttings into the nutrient solution for hydroponics; (4) Transplantation: Transplant after 25-30 days of hydroponics.

2. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 1, wherein The concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid in the naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution is 500-600 mg / L.

3. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 2, wherein The cuttings are soaked in the naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution for 2-3 hours.

4. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the growth regulator is: add 1000-1200 mg of plant extract to 1 L of water and mix well.

5. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 4, wherein The plant extract is prepared by extracting astragalus, cycad, sargassum and banana peel.

6. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 5, wherein The mass ratio of the Chinese milk vetch, the fragrant blue orchid, the sargassum and the banana peel is 1: (0.3-0.5): (1.4-1.6): (0.8-1.2).

7. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 6, wherein The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: mixing dried astragalus, cycad, sargassum and banana peel, crushing the mixture, soaking the mixture in water, heating and extracting the mixture, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and drying the mixture to obtain the plant extract.

8. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 7, wherein The cuttings are soaked in the growth regulator for 12-18 hours.

9. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 1, wherein The nutrient solution is prepared using 1 / 2 modified Hoagland nutrient solution of model NSP1021, which includes dry powder and concentrated solution.

10. The alfalfa cutting method for improving survival rate according to claim 9, wherein The preparation method of the nutrient solution is as follows: add 11.02-11.05 g of dry powder to 20 L of water, then add 20-22 mL of concentrated solution, and stir evenly.

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