Laser swing welding device and welding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of welding devices, and discloses a laser swing welding device and a welding method.The laser swing welding device comprises a supporting table, an adjusting mechanism, a swing mechanism, a laser welding head, a gradient temperature changing mechanism, a housing, an air supply mechanism, an air injection preheating mechanism and a clamping mechanism; the adjusting mechanism is arranged on the supporting table and connected with the gradient temperature changing mechanism so as to change the welding position of the laser welding head. A first plate body and a second plate body are placed on the supporting table so as to be limited by the clamping mechanism. The laser welding head is rotationally arranged on the housing and driven by the swing mechanism so as to conduct swing welding on the welding position between the first plate body and the second plate body. Through cooperation of the gradient temperature changing mechanism, the ultrasonic transducer and the gas supply and jet preheating mechanism and cooperation of the eccentric driving disc and the swing frame, preheating of protective gas, gradient cooling after welding and heating are achieved, thermal stress and thermal shock are reduced, the welding seam performance is improved, laser energy is evenly distributed, and the welding quality of dissimilar metal plates is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding devices, and more particularly to a laser swing welding device and a welding method. Background Art

[0002] Dissimilar metal plates refer to plates made of two or more different metal materials. Given the differences in physical properties, chemical properties and mechanical properties of different metal materials, in order to meet specific usage requirements, it is often necessary to weld dissimilar metal plates. This process usually requires the use of laser welding equipment for oscillating welding to increase the fusion of the weld.

[0003] However, the laser welding equipment currently on the market generally adopts the direct welding method when performing welding operations. However, during the laser welding process, a large amount of heat will be released in a very short time, and the temperature of those areas that have not yet been welded is often low. As a result, when welding is directly performed on the unwelded parts, due to the excessive temperature difference between the welded and unwelded parts, deformation of the weld can easily occur, which will ultimately have an adverse effect on the welding quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a laser oscillating welding device and a welding method, which solve the technical problems in the related art that a large amount of heat is released in a short time during laser direct welding, the temperature difference at the welding part is too large, the weld is easily deformed, and the welding quality is affected.

[0005] The present invention provides a laser oscillating welding device, comprising a supporting platform, an adjusting mechanism, an oscillating mechanism, a laser welding head, a gradient temperature changing mechanism, a cover, an air supply mechanism, an air jet preheating mechanism and a clamping mechanism; The adjustment mechanism is arranged on the support platform and is connected to the gradient temperature changing mechanism to change the welding position of the laser welding head; The support platform is provided with a first plate and a second plate to be limited by a clamping mechanism; The laser welding head is rotatably mounted on the cover and driven by the swing mechanism to perform swing welding on the welding point between the first plate and the second plate; The gas supply mechanism is arranged on the gradient temperature change mechanism. The protective gas introduced by the gas supply mechanism is heated by the gradient temperature change mechanism and plays a protective role during welding of the laser welding head, so that the gas is heated again by the weld seam and supplies gas to the jet preheating mechanism to preheat the area to be welded. At the same time, the gradient temperature change mechanism gradiently cools the area after welding.

[0006] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the adjustment mechanism includes a linear actuator 1, a linear actuator 2, a mounting frame and an electric push rod. The linear actuator 1 is assembled on a support platform, and the output end of the linear actuator 1 is connected to the mounting frame. The linear actuator 2 is assembled on the mounting frame. The electric push rod is installed at the output end of the linear actuator 2 and is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism. The support platform is equipped with a guide rail for guiding the mounting frame.

[0007] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the swing mechanism includes a drive motor, a drive disk, a swing frame, a drive shaft and a mounting plate. The drive motor is assembled on the cover through the mounting plate. The drive shaft of the drive motor is fixedly sleeved on the drive disk. The drive shaft is eccentrically rotated and arranged on the drive disk and extends into the swing frame. One end of the swing frame is fixedly connected to the laser welding head.

[0008] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the gradient temperature change mechanism includes a box body and a partition plate. The box body is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod. The interior of the box body is divided into multiple chambers by the partition plate. Heating rods are installed in each of the chambers. The chambers are filled with oil, and the oil temperature shows a gradient distribution that gradually decreases from the side close to the cover to the side away from the cover.

[0009] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, an ultrasonic transducer is mounted on the box body, and the active end of the ultrasonic transducer extends into the interior of the box body.

[0010] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the air jet preheating mechanism includes a U-shaped tube, which is connected to the cover shell and has an inclined hole for blowing air toward the area to be welded.

[0011] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the U-shaped tube is slidably connected to a movable tube, one end of the movable tube is closed, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped tube through a spring, and an exhaust hole is opened on the movable tube.

[0012] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the clamping mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a clamping plate. The hydraulic cylinder is assembled on the support platform, and the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the clamping plate.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the air supply mechanism includes an air supply pipe and a ring pipe. The air supply pipe is arranged in a circuitous manner in the chamber, and its exhaust end is connected to the ring pipe. The ring pipe is installed inside the cover shell, and the laser welding head passes through the ring pipe. A spray hole is opened at the bottom of the ring pipe.

[0014] A laser oscillation welding method, using the laser oscillation welding device as described above, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Limit clamping: Place the plate body 1 and the plate body 2 on the support table, and clamp the plate body 1 and the plate body 2 with the clamping mechanism; Step 2: Welding: The adjustment mechanism changes the welding position of the laser welding head in the longitudinal direction of the weld, and the swing mechanism drives the laser welding head to swing and weld. During welding, the protective gas is introduced from the gas supply end of the gas supply mechanism. The protective gas is heated by the gradient temperature change mechanism and enters the cover to protect the weld. At the same time, it is heated and preheated by the jet preheating mechanism on the area to be welded. Step 3: Cooling down the weld after welding: As the adjustment mechanism adjusts the laser welding head to continue welding, the completed weld is gradually cooled by the gradient temperature change mechanism and vibrates.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The laser oscillating welding device described in the present invention realizes uniform preheating of the shielding gas and gradient cooling of the post-weld area through the multi-chamber oil gradient distribution design of the gradient temperature changing mechanism, combined with the vibration and cavitation effect of the ultrasonic transducer, significantly reducing welding thermal stress, suppressing weld deformation, and at the same time refining the grain structure, thereby improving the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of the weld.

[0016] 2. The laser oscillating welding device described in the present invention uses a gas supply mechanism, a gradient temperature change mechanism and a jet preheating mechanism in coordination. The protective gas is gradient heated to form a directional gas curtain, which not only isolates oxidation but also assists in weld formation. The residual gas is secondary heated and used to preheat the area to be welded, reducing welding thermal shock. This coordinated cooperation greatly reduces energy waste and realizes regional temperature management during the welding process.

[0017] 3. The laser oscillating welding device described in the present invention transmits ultrasonic waves to the oil in the box body through an ultrasonic transducer. The vibration induced makes the oil temperature evenly distributed, avoids local temperature differences, allows the protective gas to absorb heat evenly, and heats efficiently and stably, provides stable thermal protection for the laser welding head, and improves welding quality. At the same time, the ultrasonic cavitation effect promotes the material exchange between the oil and the gas supply pipe, improves heat transfer efficiency, shortens heating time, improves welding efficiency, and reduces welding defects caused by uneven gas temperature. After welding, it ensures that the temperature of the contact between the oil in each chamber and the weld is uniform during gradient cooling. Its vibration and cavitation effect can also eliminate stress, refine grains, make the weld structure dense, and improve mechanical properties and stability.

[0018] 4. The laser oscillating welding device described in the present invention drives the laser welding head to perform oscillating welding through the use of an eccentric driving disk and an oscillating frame. This dynamic welding mode evenly distributes the laser energy in the weld area, expands the range of the molten pool, effectively improves the interface fusion quality of dissimilar metal plates, avoids unfused defects, and can adapt to complex weld trajectories. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser oscillation welding device proposed in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a box body in a laser oscillating welding device proposed by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a box body in a laser oscillating welding device proposed in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cover in a laser oscillating welding device proposed in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a swing frame in a laser swing welding device proposed by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top cross-sectional structure of a U-shaped tube in a laser oscillating welding device proposed by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic side sectional structural diagram of a cover shell in a laser oscillating welding device proposed by the present invention.

[0026] In the picture: 1. Support platform; 2. Adjustment mechanism; 21. Linear actuator 1; 22. Linear actuator 2; 23. Mounting bracket; 24. Electric push rod; 25. Guide rail; 3. Swing mechanism; 31. Drive motor; 32. Drive disk; 33. Swing frame; 34. Drive shaft; 35. Mounting plate; 4. Laser welding head; 5. Gradient temperature changing mechanism; 51. Box body; 52. Partition plate; 53. Heating rod; 54. Ultrasonic transducer; 6. Cover; 7. Air supply mechanism; 71. Air supply pipe; 72. Ring pipe; 721. Spray hole; 8. Jet preheating mechanism; 81. U-shaped tube; 811. Inclined hole; 82. Moving tube; 821. Exhaust hole; 83. Spring; 9. Clamping mechanism; 91. Hydraulic cylinder; 92. Clamping plate; 10. Plate 1; 11. Plate 2; 12. Turn the ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed solely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and that the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be varied without departing from the scope of this specification. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various processes or components as needed. Furthermore, features described for some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a laser oscillating welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a support platform 1, an adjustment mechanism 2, an oscillating mechanism 3, a laser welding head 4, a gradient temperature changing mechanism 5, a cover 6, an air supply mechanism 7, an air jet preheating mechanism 8 and a clamping mechanism 9; The adjustment mechanism 2 is arranged on the support platform 1 and is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 to change the welding position of the laser welding head 4; A plate 10 and a plate 2 11 are placed on the support platform 1 to be limited by the clamping mechanism 9. The plate 1 10 and the plate 2 11 are made of two metal plates of different materials. The laser welding head 4 is rotatably mounted on the housing 6 and driven by the swing mechanism 3 to swing-weld the weld between the plate 1 10 and the plate 2 11 ; The gas supply mechanism 7 is arranged on the gradient temperature change mechanism 5. The protective gas introduced by the gas supply mechanism 7 is heated by the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 and plays a protective role when the laser welding head 4 is welding, so that the gas is secondary heated by the weld seam and supplies gas to the jet preheating mechanism 8 to preheat the weld area. At the same time, the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 gradiently cools the area after welding.

[0029] It should be noted that the adjustment mechanism 2 is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism 5, and the position of the laser welding head 4 is changed by adjusting its own state. The clamping mechanism 9 limits the plate 10 and plate 2 11 to be welded to ensure that the plates will not be displaced during the welding process, thereby ensuring the accuracy and quality of the welding. The swing mechanism 3 drives the laser welding head 4 to rotate to realize swing welding. This welding method can increase the fusion degree of the weld, improve the welding strength and stability, and the gas supply mechanism 7 cooperates with the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 to heat the shielding gas and then deliver it to the laser welding head 4. During welding, the shielding gas can prevent the welding area from reacting with oxygen in the air, avoid oxidation, and improve the welding quality; the gas that has been heated for the second time in the weld is supplied to the jet preheating mechanism 8 to preheat the weld, which can reduce the thermal stress during welding and reduce the possibility of weld deformation. The gradient temperature change mechanism 5 gradiently cools the area after welding, controls the cooling rate after welding, reduces the range of the heat-affected zone, reduces welding stress, and improves the quality and performance of the weld.

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the adjustment mechanism 2 includes a linear actuator 21, a linear actuator 22, a mounting frame 23 and an electric push rod 24. The linear actuator 21 is assembled on the support platform 1, and the output end of the linear actuator 21 is connected to the mounting frame 23. The linear actuator 22 is assembled on the mounting frame 23. The electric push rod 24 is installed at the output end of the linear actuator 22 and is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism 5. The support platform 1 is equipped with a guide rail 25 for guiding the mounting frame 23. Specifically, the linear actuator 21 and the linear actuator 22 are one of the rodless cylinders or the screw slide module.

[0031] The linear actuator 21 is installed on the support platform 1. When it is working, it can push the mounting frame 23 to move along the guide rail 25 to realize the position adjustment of the laser welding head 4 in a larger range, such as moving along the length direction of the support platform 1. The linear actuator 22 is installed on the mounting frame 23, which can further fine-tune the position of the laser welding head 4 and adjust it in the direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the linear actuator 21. The two can cooperate to achieve positioning in a two-dimensional plane. The electric push rod 24 is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism 5. After the linear actuator 21 and the linear actuator 22 are adjusted, the height of the laser welding head 4 can be adjusted to ensure that the laser welding head 4 maintains a suitable distance from the welding part. The guide rail 25 provides a guiding function for the mounting frame 23 to ensure the stability and accuracy of the mounting frame 23 during movement to avoid offset.

[0032] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the swing mechanism 3 includes a drive motor 31, a drive disk 32, a swing frame 33, a drive shaft 34 and a mounting plate 35. The drive motor 31 is assembled on the cover 6 through the mounting plate 35. The drive shaft of the drive motor 31 is fixedly sleeved on the drive disk 32. The drive shaft 34 is eccentrically rotated and arranged on the drive disk 32, and extends into the swing frame 33. One end of the swing frame 33 is fixedly connected to the laser welding head 4.

[0033] The driving motor 31 is fixed to the cover 6 through the mounting plate 35. After starting, the driving shaft of the driving motor 31 drives the driving disk 32 to rotate. The driving shaft 34 is eccentrically installed on the driving disk 32. When the driving disk 32 rotates, the driving shaft 34 performs eccentric circular motion and extends into the swing frame 33. Its eccentric motion causes the swing frame 33 to swing. Since the swing frame 33 is fixedly connected to the laser welding head 4, it drives the laser welding head 4 to swing, so that the laser welding head 4 swings within the fan-shaped area, thereby increasing the uniformity of energy distribution in the welding area, improving the quality and stability of welding, and making the weld more firm and beautiful.

[0034] like Figure 3As shown, the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 includes a box body 51 and a partition plate 52. The box body 51 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 24. The interior of the box body 51 is divided into multiple chambers by the partition plate 52. A heating rod 53 is installed in each chamber. The chamber is filled with oil, and the oil temperature presents a gradient distribution that gradually decreases from the side close to the cover 6 to the side away from the cover 6. A temperature sensor is provided in the chamber, and the heating rod 53 and the temperature sensor are connected to a controller. The controller controls the opening or closing of the heating rod 53 according to the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor.

[0035] It should be noted that the box body 51 is connected to the electric push rod 24 and can adjust its position as the electric push rod 24 moves. The partition plate 52 divides the interior of the box body 51 into multiple chambers. The heating rod 53 in each chamber works independently. By controlling the power and working time of the heating rod 53, the oil in different chambers reaches different temperatures, thereby forming a gradient distribution with high temperature on the side close to the cover 6 and low temperature on the side away from the cover 6. When the protective gas flows in the chamber through the gas supply pipe 71, it absorbs the heat of the oil and is heated. At the same time, when the post-weld area is gradient cooled, the temperature is gradually cooled according to different positions of the weld, which effectively reduces thermal stress and improves the quality and performance of the weld.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, an ultrasonic transducer 54 is mounted on the box body 51 , and the active end of the ultrasonic transducer 54 extends into the interior of the box body 51 .

[0037] When the ultrasonic transducer 54 is working, it emits ultrasonic waves to the oil in the box body 51. When the ultrasonic waves propagate in the oil, they will cause vibration and cavitation of the oil. The vibration can make the temperature distribution in the oil more uniform, avoid local overheating or overcooling, and ensure that the shielding gas can be evenly heated during the heating process. The cavitation effect can promote the material exchange between the oil and the surface of the gas supply pipe 71, improve the heat transfer efficiency, and enable the shielding gas to be heated faster and more evenly. In addition, when the post-weld area is gradient cooled, it is beneficial to ensure the uniformity of the corresponding chamber temperature when the oil in each chamber contacts the weld. The action of the ultrasonic wave helps to eliminate welding stress and refine the grains.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the air jet preheating mechanism 8 includes a U-shaped tube 81, which is connected to the cover 6. The U-shaped tube 81 is provided with an inclined hole 811 for blowing air toward the area to be welded.

[0039] The gas heated by the gradient temperature changing mechanism 5 from the gas supply mechanism 7 enters the U-shaped tube 81, and the U-shaped tube 81 is connected to the cover shell 6 to ensure that the gas can be transported smoothly. The setting of the inclined hole 811 allows the blown gas to be concentrated and sprayed toward the area to be welded, so that the gas can cover the area to be welded more evenly, thereby improving the preheating effect. Preheating can reduce the thermal stress during welding and reduce the possibility of weld deformation.

[0040] Furthermore, the U-shaped tube 81 is slidably connected to a movable tube 82 . One end of the movable tube 82 is closed, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped tube 81 via a spring 83 . An exhaust hole 821 is provided on the movable tube 82 .

[0041] The movable tube 82 and the U-shaped tube 81 are arranged to slide so that the U-shaped tube 81 can continue to move after the movable tube 82 is blocked.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the clamping mechanism 9 includes a hydraulic cylinder 91 and a clamping plate 92 . The hydraulic cylinder 91 is assembled on the support platform 1 , and the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder 91 is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 92 .

[0043] The hydraulic cylinder 91 is installed on the support platform 1. After starting, the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder 91 pushes the clamping plate 92 to move. Under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 91, the clamping plate 92 presses the plate body 10 and the plate body 2 11 against each other to facilitate welding of the welding point.

[0044] like Figures 2 to 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the air supply mechanism 7 includes an air supply pipe 71 and an annular pipe 72. The air supply pipe 71 is arranged in a circuitous manner in the chamber, and its exhaust end is connected to the annular pipe 72. The annular pipe 72 is installed inside the cover shell 6. The laser welding head 4 passes through the annular pipe 72. A nozzle 721 is provided at the bottom of the annular pipe 72. A rotating ball 12 is fixedly mounted on the laser welding head 4. The rotating ball 12 is rotatably connected to the cover shell 6. The laser welding head 4 passes through the annular pipe 72.

[0045] The air supply pipe 71 is arranged in a circuitous manner in the chamber of the gradient temperature change mechanism 5, which can increase the contact area and contact time with the oil, so that the protective gas can fully absorb the heat of the oil and achieve efficient heating. The heated gas enters the annular tube 72, and the annular tube 72 is installed in the cover 6 and the laser welding head 4 passes through it. The nozzle 721 at the bottom of the annular tube 72 can make the heated protective gas evenly spray around the welding area of ​​the laser welding head 4, forming a protective barrier, reducing oxidation in the welding area, and improving welding quality.

[0046] A laser oscillation welding method, using the above-mentioned laser oscillation welding device, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Limit clamping: Place the plate 10 and the plate 2 11 on the support platform 1, and the clamping mechanism 9 clamps the plate 10 and the plate 2 11; Step 2: Welding: The adjustment mechanism 2 changes the welding position of the laser welding head 4 in the longitudinal direction of the weld, and the swing mechanism 3 drives the laser welding head 4 to swing and weld. During welding, a shielding gas is introduced from the gas supply end of the gas supply mechanism 7. The shielding gas is heated by the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 and enters the cover 6 to protect the weld. At the same time, the shielding gas is heated and preheated by the jet preheating mechanism 8 to the area to be welded. Step 3: Cooling down the weld after welding: As the regulating mechanism 2 adjusts the laser welding head 4 to continue welding, the weld seam that has been welded is gradually cooled by the gradient temperature changing mechanism 5 and vibrates.

[0047] Working principle: Preparation stage: Place the plate 10 and plate 2 11 to be welded on the support platform 1, start the hydraulic cylinder 91, and its driving end pushes the clamping plate 92 to move, so that the plate 10 and plate 2 11 are pressed against each other to ensure that the plates will not move during the welding process.

[0048] Adjustment of welding position: According to the welding requirements of plate 10 and plate 2 11, the adjustment mechanism 2 is started, and the linear actuator 1 21 pushes the mounting frame 23 to move along the guide rail 25 on the support platform 1, so that the laser welding head 4 can move along the length direction of the support platform 1. The linear actuator 2 22 is further fine-tuned on the mounting frame 23 and adjusted in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the linear actuator 1 21. The electric push rod 24 is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism 5. After the linear actuator 1 21 and the linear actuator 2 22 are adjusted, the height of the laser welding head 4 is precisely adjusted to ensure that it maintains an appropriate distance from the welding part.

[0049] Swing welding and gas protection, preheating: Start the drive motor 31, the drive shaft of the drive motor 31 drives the drive disk 32 to rotate, and the drive shaft 34 eccentrically set on the drive disk 32 performs eccentric circular motion, and the drive shaft 34 extends into the swing frame 33, causing the swing frame 33 to swing, thereby driving the laser welding head 4 fixedly connected to the swing frame 33 to swing, realizing the swing welding of the welding point between the plate 1 10 and the plate 2 11, increasing the uniformity of energy distribution in the welding area, and at the same time, the gas supply pipe 71 of the gas supply mechanism 7 introduces the protective gas, and the protective gas is heated at a gradient temperature. The circuitous flow in the chamber of the mechanism 5, accompanied by the activation of the ultrasonic transducer 54, vibrates the oil and acts on the plate 1 10 and the plate 2 11, absorbing the heat of the oil to heat it up. The heated gas enters the annular tube 72 and is ejected from the nozzle 721 at the bottom of the annular tube 72, forming a protective barrier around the welding area of ​​the laser welding head 4, reducing oxidation in the welding area. The gas that has been heated for the second time in the weld enters the U-shaped tube 81 of the jet preheating mechanism 8, and is ejected from the inclined hole 811 on the U-shaped tube 81 to the area to be welded for preheating, thereby avoiding deformation caused by direct welding in the past.

[0050] Post-weld processing: Under the continuous adjustment of the adjustment mechanism 2, when the laser welding head 4 gradually moves for welding, the gradient temperature change mechanism 5 performs gradient cooling on the post-weld area. The oil temperature in different chambers in the box body 51 is distributed in a gradient, with the temperature being high on the side close to the cover 6 and low on the side away from the cover 6. As the box body 51 moves, the weld is gradually cooled. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer 54 emits ultrasonic waves to the oil in the box body 51. Its vibration and cavitation effects help to eliminate welding stress, refine grains, and improve weld quality.

[0051] The above describes an embodiment of the present invention, but this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms based on the inspiration of this embodiment, all of which are protected by this embodiment.

Claims

1. A laser oscillating welding device, characterized in that: It comprises a support platform (1), an adjustment mechanism (2), a swing mechanism (3), a laser welding head (4), a gradient temperature change mechanism (5), a cover (6), an air supply mechanism (7), an air jet preheating mechanism (8) and a clamping mechanism (9); The adjustment mechanism (2) is arranged on the support platform (1) and is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism (5) to change the welding position of the laser welding head (4); The support platform (1) is provided with a plate body 1 (10) and a plate body 2 (11) to be limited by a clamping mechanism (9); The laser welding head (4) is rotatably mounted on the cover (6) and driven by the swing mechanism (3) to swing weld the weld between the first plate (10) and the second plate (11); The gas supply mechanism (7) is arranged on the gradient temperature change mechanism (5). The protective gas introduced by the gas supply mechanism (7) is heated by the gradient temperature change mechanism (5) and plays a protective role when the laser welding head (4) is welding, so that the gas is heated again by the weld seam and supplies gas to the jet preheating mechanism (8) to preheat the welded area. At the same time, the gradient temperature change mechanism (5) gradiently cools the area after welding.

2. A laser oscillation welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating mechanism (2) comprises a linear actuator 1 (21), a linear actuator 2 (22), a mounting frame (23) and an electric push rod (24), wherein the linear actuator 1 (21) is mounted on the support platform (1), and the output end of the linear actuator 1 (21) is connected to the mounting frame (23), the linear actuator 2 (22) is mounted on the mounting frame (23), the electric push rod (24) is mounted at the output end of the linear actuator 2 (22) and is connected to the gradient temperature change mechanism (5), and the support platform (1) is equipped with a guide rail (25) for guiding the mounting frame (23).

3. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing mechanism (3) includes a drive motor (31), a drive disk (32), a swing frame (33), a drive shaft (34) and a mounting plate (35). The drive motor (31) is mounted on the housing (6) via the mounting plate (35). The drive shaft of the drive motor (31) is fixedly sleeved with the drive disk (32). The drive shaft (34) is eccentrically rotatably arranged on the drive disk (32) and extends into the swing frame (33). One end of the swing frame (33) is fixedly connected to the laser welding head (4).

4. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gradient temperature changing mechanism (5) comprises a box body (51) and a partition plate (52), wherein the box body (51) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (24), and the interior of the box body (51) is divided into a plurality of chambers by the partition plate (52), wherein heating rods (53) are installed in each of the chambers, and the chambers are filled with oil, and the temperature of the oil presents a gradient distribution that gradually decreases from the side close to the cover (6) to the side away from the cover (6).

5. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An ultrasonic transducer (54) is mounted on the box body (51), and an active end of the ultrasonic transducer (54) extends into the interior of the box body (51).

6. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air jet preheating mechanism (8) comprises a U-shaped tube (81), the U-shaped tube (81) is in communication with the cover shell (6), and an inclined hole (811) is provided on the U-shaped tube (81) for blowing air toward the area to be welded.

7. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The U-shaped tube (81) is slidably connected to a movable tube (82), one end of the movable tube (82) is closed, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped tube (81) via a spring (83), and an exhaust hole (821) is provided on the movable tube (82).

8. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (9) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (91) and a clamping plate (92); the hydraulic cylinder (91) is assembled on the support platform (1), and the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder (91) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (92).

9. The laser oscillation welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air supply mechanism (7) comprises an air supply pipe (71) and an annular pipe (72). The air supply pipe (71) is arranged in a circuitous manner in the chamber, and its exhaust end is connected to the annular pipe (72). The annular pipe (72) is installed inside the cover (6). The laser welding head (4) passes through the annular pipe (72). A spray hole (721) is provided at the bottom of the annular pipe (72).

10. A laser oscillation welding method, using a laser oscillation welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Limit clamping: Placing the plate body 1 (10) and the plate body 2 (11) on the support platform (1), and clamping the plate body 1 (10) and the plate body 2 (11) with the clamping mechanism (9); Step 2: Welding: The regulating mechanism (2) changes the welding position of the laser welding head (4) in the longitudinal direction of the weld, and the swing mechanism (3) drives the laser welding head (4) to swing and weld. During welding, a protective gas is introduced from the gas supply end of the gas supply mechanism (7). The protective gas is heated by the gradient temperature changing mechanism (5) and enters the housing (6) to protect the weld. At the same time, the gas is heated and preheated by the jet preheating mechanism (8) on the area to be welded. Step 3: Cooling down the weld after welding: As the regulating mechanism (2) regulates the laser welding head (4) to continue welding, the weld seam after welding is subjected to gradient cooling by the gradient temperature changing mechanism (5) and is vibrated.

Images