High-organic-matter biological matrix and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-organic-matter biological matrix and a preparation method thereof. The biological matrix is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of imported peat, 30% of coco coir, 30% of a fermented material consisting of tobacco powder and livestock and poultry manure, and 20% of perlite. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tobacco powder, livestock and poultry manure, imported peat and coco coir, composting and fermenting for not less than 45 days, controlling the temperature not to exceed 72 DEG C, crushing, screening, storing and cooling, adding microbial strains, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a packaging bag for 7 days; the organic matter content of the obtained biological matrix exceeds 45%, and the biological matrix can effectively loosen soil, promote crop root growth and release phosphorus and potassium elements in soil, can be used for field crop and vegetable seedling raising and the like, and has the advantages of being safe, environmentally friendly and remarkable in soil improvement effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste and relates to a high-organic matter biological matrix and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, soil improvement and crop nutrient supply are of vital importance. Traditional soil conditioners and fertilizers have low organic matter content, limited improvement effect, and are prone to causing soil compaction. Although there is also a method for making biomatrix using organic raw materials in the prior art, there is mostly an imperfect fermentation process, the temperature and bacterial activity during the fermentation process cannot be effectively controlled, resulting in unstable quality of finished biomatrix, and it is difficult to meet the demand of modern agriculture for soil improvement and crop growth. For example, in some fermentation processes, due to excessively high temperature, beneficial bacteria are destroyed, so that the improvement effect of biomatrix on soil and the growth-promoting effect on crops are greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present application is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-organic matter biomatrix and a preparation method thereof. The biomatrix has a high organic matter content, can effectively loosen the soil, promote the growth of crop roots, release phosphorus and potassium elements remaining in the soil, and provide a good soil environment and sufficient nutrients for crop growth.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A high-organic matter biological matrix and its preparation method, comprising, by mass percentage, 20% imported peat, 30% coconut bran, 30% fermentation material, and 20% perlite; the fermentation material comprises tobacco dust and livestock and poultry manure;

[0006] The method for preparing the high-organic matter biological matrix comprises the following steps:

[0007] Preparation of fermentation material: Mix tobacco dust with livestock and poultry manure, imported peat, and coconut husks and compost for at least 45 days. During the fermentation process, monitor the temperature in real time. If the temperature exceeds 72°C, use pipe aeration or turning the compost until the temperature drops below 40°C. Maintain the temperature below 72°C throughout the fermentation process to prevent high temperatures from damaging bacterial activity. Check the fermentation temperature 2-3 times a day.

[0008] Crushing and screening: The fermented materials are crushed, and then the impurities and large pieces of materials that are not fully fermented are removed through a screening device to obtain uniform fermentation materials;

[0009] Storage treatment: Store the crushed and screened materials for more than 15 days. During the storage process, if there is a lack of moisture, add water appropriately to keep the moisture content of the materials within the appropriate range until the material temperature drops below 30°C;

[0010] Anaerobic fermentation: Add microbial strains to the cooled material, then put the material into packaging bags for anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation time is 7 days. During the fermentation process, ensure that the packaging bags are sealed to prevent air from entering.

[0011] Furthermore: the imported peat is fibrous peat with a fiber length of 2-5 mm and a pH value between 4.0-5.5.

[0012] Furthermore: the particle size of coconut bran is 3-8mm and the bulk density is 0.1-0.3g / cm 3 .

[0013] Furthermore: the mass ratio of tobacco dust to livestock and poultry manure is 1:(2-3).

[0014] Furthermore: in the fermentation material preparation step, a temperature sensor and an automatic control system are used to monitor and control the fermentation temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds 72°C, the automatic control system automatically starts the pipeline aeration device or the compost turning equipment.

[0015] Furthermore: in the crushing and screening steps, the particle size of the crushed material is 1-5 mm.

[0016] Furthermore: in the storage processing step, the relative humidity of the material storage environment is maintained at 60%-75%.

[0017] Furthermore: the microbial strains include Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the mass ratio of the three is (2-3): (1-2): (1-2).

[0018] Furthermore, when the biological matrix is ​​used for vegetable seedling cultivation, it is mixed with seedling cultivation soil at a volume ratio of 1: (3-5).

[0019] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. A high-organic-matter biomatrix and its preparation method. Through a specific raw material ratio and fermentation process, the biomatrix prepared by the present invention has an organic matter content exceeding 45%, which can provide rich organic matter to the soil, improving soil structure and fertility.

[0021] 2. In the present invention, after the biomatrix is ​​applied to the field, it can significantly improve the physical properties of the soil, making the soil loose and breathable, creating a good soil environment for the growth of crop roots, promoting the development of crop roots, and improving the crop's ability to absorb water and nutrients;

[0022] 3. In the present invention, the biomatrix of the present invention can promote the release of phosphorus and potassium elements remaining in the soil, improve the effectiveness of soil nutrients, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce agricultural production costs, and reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizers to the environment;

[0023] 4. In the present invention, during the preparation process, the fermentation temperature and process conditions are strictly controlled, which effectively protects the activity of the beneficial bacteria, so that the biological matrix will not burn roots or seedlings during use, and is safe and reliable; and the raw materials are all natural organic substances, which are environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope. A person of ordinary skill in the art can also derive other relevant drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort, among which:

[0025] Figure 1 、 Figure 2 This is a comparison of the effects of the biomatrix on the stems, leaves, and roots of crops after using the present invention and the effects of not using the biomatrix on the stems, leaves, and roots of crops;

[0026] Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 This is a real picture of the impact of using biological matrix on crops;

[0027] Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 These are actual photos of the impact of not using biological matrix on crops and soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. That is, the embodiments described herein are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely intended to represent selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0031] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The present invention provides a high-organic matter biological matrix and a preparation method thereof, such as Figures 1-8 As shown, by mass percentage, it includes 20% imported peat, 30% coconut bran, 30% fermentation material, and 20% perlite; the fermentation material includes tobacco powder and livestock and poultry manure;

[0034] The method for preparing the high-organic matter biological matrix comprises the following steps:

[0035] Preparation of fermentation material: Mix tobacco dust with livestock and poultry manure, imported peat, and coconut husks and compost for at least 45 days. During the fermentation process, monitor the temperature in real time. If the temperature exceeds 72°C, use pipe aeration or turning the compost until the temperature drops below 40°C. Maintain the temperature below 72°C throughout the fermentation process to prevent high temperatures from damaging bacterial activity. Check the fermentation temperature 2-3 times a day.

[0036] Crushing and screening: The fermented materials are crushed, and then the impurities and large pieces of materials that are not fully fermented are removed through a screening device to obtain uniform fermentation materials;

[0037] Storage treatment: Store the crushed and screened materials for more than 15 days. During the storage process, if there is a lack of moisture, add water appropriately to keep the moisture content of the materials within the appropriate range until the material temperature drops below 30°C;

[0038] Anaerobic fermentation: Add microbial strains to the cooled material, then put the material into packaging bags for anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation time is 7 days. During the fermentation process, ensure that the packaging bags are sealed to prevent air from entering.

[0039] Imported peat is fibrous peat with a fiber length of 2-5mm and a pH value between 4.0-5.5.

[0040] The particle size of coconut bran is 3-8mm and the bulk density is 0.1-0.3g / cm 3 .

[0041] The mass ratio of tobacco dust to livestock and poultry manure is 1:(2-3).

[0042] During the fermentation material preparation step, a temperature sensor and an automatic control system are used to monitor and control the fermentation temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds 72°C, the automatic control system automatically starts the pipeline aeration device or the compost turning equipment.

[0043] In the crushing and screening steps, the particle size of the crushed material is 1-5 mm.

[0044] During the storage process, the relative humidity of the material storage environment is maintained at 60%-75%.

[0045] The microbial strains include Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the mass ratio of the three is (2-3): (1-2): (1-2).

[0046] When the biological matrix is ​​used for vegetable seedling cultivation, it is mixed with seedling soil in a volume ratio of 1: (3-5).

[0047] The specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: Fermentation material preparation: Tobacco dust and livestock and poultry manure are weighed, mixed evenly in a certain proportion, and then composted. During the fermentation process, the temperature is checked once every morning, noon, and afternoon. On the fifth day of fermentation, the temperature reaches 73°C. Aeration is immediately used to cool the temperature, and after two hours, the temperature drops below 40°C. Fermentation is continued for 45 days to complete the preparation of the fermentation material.

[0048] Crushing and screening: The fermented material is crushed by a crusher, and then screened with an 80-mesh screen to remove impurities and large pieces of material that have not been fully fermented.

[0049] Storage and processing: The crushed and screened materials are placed in a warehouse for 18 days. On the 10th day of storage, the moisture content of the materials is detected to be low, and an appropriate amount of water is added to the materials to maintain the humidity of the materials. After the storage is completed, the temperature of the materials is reduced to 28°C.

[0050] Anaerobic fermentation: add microbial strains to the cooled material at a ratio of 0.5% (mass ratio), stir evenly, put the material into a sealed packaging bag, and carry out anaerobic fermentation for 7 days to obtain a high-organic matter biological matrix.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The present invention provides a high-organic matter biomatrix and a method for preparing the same. This embodiment is specifically implemented as follows: Fermentation material is prepared by composting tobacco dust and livestock and poultry manure, closely monitoring temperature changes during fermentation. On the eighth day of fermentation, the temperature rose to 74°C. Turning the compost was used to cool the temperature. After three turns, the temperature dropped below 40°C. Fermentation continued for 50 days.

[0053] Crushing and screening: After the fermentation material is crushed, it is screened with a 60-mesh screen.

[0054] Storage treatment: Store for 20 days, during which time water is added appropriately according to the moisture content, and the final material temperature is reduced to 27°C.

[0055] Anaerobic fermentation: After adding 0.6% (mass ratio) of microbial strains, the mixture was placed in a packaging bag and anaerobically fermented for 7 days to obtain a biological matrix.

[0056] The biomatrices prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were tested, and their organic matter contents were both greater than 45%. When applied to grape fields, the soil porosity in the test fields where the biomatrix was applied increased by 20%, significantly improving soil air permeability, compared to control fields where the biomatrix was not applied. The root length of the grapes increased by an average of 30%, and the plants grew robustly. Furthermore, the available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the soil increased by 15% and 12%, respectively, demonstrating that the biomatrix of the present invention can effectively loosen the soil, promote crop root growth, and release soil nutrients.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the field within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-organic matter biomatrix and a preparation method thereof, characterized by: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes 20% imported peat, 30% coconut coir, 30% fermented material, and 20% perlite; Fermentation materials include tobacco dust and livestock and poultry manure; The method for preparing the high-organic matter biological matrix comprises the following steps: Preparation of fermentation material: Mix tobacco dust with livestock and poultry manure, imported peat, and coconut husks and compost for at least 45 days. During the fermentation process, monitor the temperature in real time. If the temperature exceeds 72°C, use pipe aeration or turning the compost until the temperature drops below 40°C. Maintain the temperature below 72°C throughout the fermentation process to prevent high temperatures from damaging bacterial activity. Check the fermentation temperature 2-3 times a day. Crushing and screening: The fermented materials are crushed, and then the impurities and large pieces of materials that are not fully fermented are removed through a screening device to obtain uniform fermentation materials; Storage treatment: Store the crushed and screened materials for more than 15 days. During the storage process, if there is a lack of moisture, add water appropriately to keep the moisture content of the materials within the appropriate range until the material temperature drops below 30°C; Anaerobic fermentation: Add microbial strains to the cooled material, then put the material into packaging bags for anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation time is 7 days. During the fermentation process, ensure that the packaging bags are sealed to prevent air from entering.

2. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: Imported peat is fibrous peat with a fiber length of 2-5mm and a pH value between 4.0-5.

5.

3. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of coconut bran is 3-8mm and the bulk density is 0.1-0.3g / cm 3 .

4. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of tobacco dust to livestock and poultry manure is 1:(2-3).

5. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fermentation material preparation step, a temperature sensor and an automatic control system are used to monitor and control the fermentation temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds 72°C, the automatic control system automatically starts the pipeline aeration device or the compost turning equipment.

6. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the crushing and screening steps, the particle size of the crushed material is 1-5 mm.

7. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the storage process, the relative humidity of the material storage environment is maintained at 60%-75%.

8. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial strains include Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the mass ratio of the three is (2-3): (1-2): (1-2).

9. The high-organic matter biomatrix and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the biological matrix is ​​used for vegetable seedling cultivation, it is mixed with seedling soil in a volume ratio of 1: (3-5).

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