Real-time elk migration path tracking system based on Beidou satellite cooperation

Abstract

The invention provides an elk migration real-time path tracking system based on Beidou satellite collaboration, the system is a three-level architecture formed by an intelligent necklace terminal, a ground relay network and a cloud platform, a necklace is integrated with a Beidou short message and a positioning dual-mode chip, and full-time communication under complex terrains such as a midforest and a canyon is ensured through an adaptive signal switching technology; the disguise relay station deployed on the ground adopts a bionic design appearance, a multi-band antenna array is hidden in the disguise relay station, and a dynamic ad hoc network is formed to expand communication coverage. According to the invention, through a space-ground cooperative communication network, all-terrain data coverage is ensured, a signal blind area problem of a traditional technology is avoided, human intervention is reduced through a self-energy-supply design of the intelligent necklace, a dynamic electronic fence and an AI prediction model realize upgrading from passive tracking to active protection, and a scientific basis is provided for species migration research and habitat management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of positioning and tracking technology, and in particular to a real-time path tracking system for elk migration based on Beidou satellite collaboration. Background Art

[0002] Traditional wildlife tracking technology relies primarily on GPS collars and ground-based base stations, which suffer from large communication blind spots, unstable power supply, and low data security. Signal obstruction often leads to data loss, especially in complex terrain (such as dense forests and wetlands), while frequent battery replacements interfere with animals' natural behavior. Furthermore, existing systems lack the ability to dynamically respond to weather changes and ecological risks, making it difficult to provide real-time decision support for species conservation. With the increasing demand for ecological protection, there is an urgent need for a tracking system that integrates satellite communications, environmental perception, and intelligent analysis to achieve all-weather, low-interference, and high-precision wildlife monitoring.

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a real-time path tracking system for elk migration based on Beidou satellite collaboration is being developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology that mainly relies on GPS collars and ground base stations, such as large communication blind spots, unstable power supply and low data security, the present invention provides a real-time path tracking system for elk migration based on Beidou satellite collaboration.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a real-time path tracking system for elk migration based on Beidou satellite collaboration. The system consists of a three-level architecture consisting of an intelligent collar terminal, a ground relay network and a cloud platform. The collar integrates a Beidou short message and positioning dual-mode chip, and ensures full-time connectivity in complex terrains such as dense forests and canyons through adaptive signal switching technology; the camouflaged relay station deployed on the ground adopts a bionic design appearance and hides a multi-band antenna array inside to form a dynamic self-organizing network to expand communication coverage; the cloud platform introduces a spatiotemporal big data engine to superimpose the original trajectory data with the meteorological terrain layer to generate a three-dimensional model of the migration corridor with ecological significance.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a collar power supply module, which integrates biomechanical energy collection and body temperature difference power generation technology. It works together through a piezoelectric material layer that conforms to the movement of the elk's neck and a thermoelectric power generation sheet that contacts the skin, and cooperates with an intelligent power management system to realize on-demand allocation of energy; when it is detected that the animal enters a stationary state, it automatically switches to a low-power thermoelectric power supply mode, and during active movement, it prioritizes storing the pulsed electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric, completely solving the endurance bottleneck of traditional batteries in extreme environments.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic geo-fence generation module is also included. The dynamic geo-fence generation module establishes an environmental adaptability model by real-time access to the weather forecast data stream and combining historical migration patterns. When a blizzard or extreme temperature is monitored, the virtual boundary range is automatically adjusted. The system is specially designed with a gradient fence structure. The core area uses a hard boundary to trigger an immediate alarm, and the buffer zone uses a flexible threshold to guide animals to naturally avoid dangerous areas, thereby achieving a balance between ecological protection and animal freedom of behavior.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a distributed path learning method, in which each nature reserve edge node deploys a localized path prediction model, exchanges feature parameters in an encrypted state through a federated learning framework, and a cloud aggregator integrates the migration pattern characteristics of different regions; the model input layer not only contains location coordinates, but also innovatively introduces animal physiological indicators as a basis for quantifying stress status, so that the prediction results can reflect the impact of individual health status on migration decisions.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes an ecological invisible relay station. The ground communication base station adopts an eco-friendly design. The outer shell imitates the morphology of local dominant tree species and is covered with a spectral camouflage coating. An environmental energy collection device is integrated inside. A specially designed phase change temperature control system enables the thermal radiation characteristics of the device shell surface to change synchronously with real vegetation, avoiding interference with the normal activities of wild animals due to exposure to heat sources.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a multimodal abnormality monitoring function, establishes a spatiotemporal behavioral baseline model based on biorhythms, and identifies abnormal states by analyzing the coupling relationship between movement trajectories and physiological parameters; when an abnormal extension of the residence time or an inversion of the diurnal activity pattern is detected, a hierarchical response mechanism is activated, from local warnings on the collar to satellite notifications to patrol personnel, and finally dispatches a drone cluster for visual confirmation to form a closed-loop protection chain.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collar is made of biocompatible materials and has a built-in environmentally responsive trigger mechanism. It can not only degrade and fall off at a preset time, but also actively release when abnormal pulling is detected. The fluorescent marker particles embedded in the surface form an invisible identity code, which displays individual information under specific spectral illumination, taking into account long-term tracking needs and animal welfare protection.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a quantum signal source carried by Beidou satellite is used to generate an unclonable encryption key, and a hybrid encryption channel is constructed through a ground relay network. The quantum key distribution module works in conjunction with the national secret algorithm to ensure tamper-proofing of the entire link from the collar terminal to the cloud database, especially to prevent poachers from maliciously hijacking the positioning data.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. This invention ensures all-terrain data coverage through a space-ground collaborative communication network, avoiding the signal blind spot problem of traditional technologies. The self-powered design of the smart collar reduces human intervention, and the dynamic electronic fence and AI prediction model achieve an upgrade from passive tracking to active protection, providing a scientific basis for species migration research and habitat management.

[0015] 2. This invention combines quantum encryption with federated learning to ensure data privacy while supporting collaborative analysis across multiple protected areas. The three-level emergency response mechanism can quickly identify abnormal situations such as poaching and injuries, linking drones and patrol personnel to form a closed-loop protection. The eco-friendly design minimizes interference with animals and promotes the precise and sustainable development of wildlife protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a step diagram of the module collaborative workflow of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of some modules of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Reference herein to an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of such a phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0020] The real-time migratory path tracking system of elk based on BeiDou satellite collaboration combines the four core modules of smart collar terminal, ground relay network, edge computing node and cloud analysis platform through the ground-ground collaborative architecture to achieve all-weather, high-precision and low-interference monitoring of elk migration. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the collaborative workflow of each module is as follows:

[0021] Step 1: The smart collar terminal (equipped with a Beidou chip, bio-kinetic power supply, and multiple sensors) collects the elk's location, movement status, and physiological data in real time, and transmits this data to a ground relay station via Beidou short message + LoRa ad hoc network dual-mode communication;

[0022] Step 2: The ground relay network (bionic camouflaged base stations and adaptive networking) expands communication coverage in complex terrain and ensures stable data transmission to edge computing nodes.

[0023] Step 3: The edge computing node (deployed in the protected area computer room) performs data preprocessing (such as abnormal trajectory filtering and preliminary behavior analysis) and uploads it to the cloud platform;

[0024] Step 4: The cloud-based analysis platform integrates meteorological, topographic, and historical migration data to generate dynamic electronic fences and migration prediction models to guide ecological protection decisions.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the core of the system consists of intelligent monitoring terminals, communication networks, edge computing, and a cloud platform. These modules work together to form a closed loop. At the hardware level, the system uses a military-grade, triple-proof smart collar as the data collection terminal, integrated with the Beidou-3 full-band chipset for high-precision positioning, and an innovative bio-kinetic power supply system (piezoelectric generation + thermoelectric generation) to address power supply challenges in the field. The ground-based bionic relay stations utilize a mimetic design, integrating multi-band communication modules and quantum key receivers to establish a secure and reliable data transmission network. For data processing, the system deploys lightweight AI models at edge nodes for real-time data cleaning and preliminary analysis, while the cloud platform utilizes digital twin technology to construct a three-dimensional ecological model. A specially developed dynamic electronic fence system intelligently adjusts its protection range based on meteorological data, terrain characteristics, and animal physiological indicators. A migration prediction model based on federated learning enables cross-regional collaborative training and knowledge sharing while protecting data privacy. The security system combines quantum communication with traditional encryption, establishing an unbreakable key distribution channel using quantum signal sources from Beidou satellites. The system also incorporates a comprehensive three-tier emergency response mechanism, encompassing a closed-loop protection system from local alerts to drone tracking. In terms of eco-friendliness, all devices utilize environmentally friendly materials and biomimetic designs, and the collar features a controlled release mechanism to minimize disruption to the natural environment.

[0026] Specifically, the real-time path tracking system for elk migration based on Beidou satellite collaboration has a three-level architecture consisting of smart collar terminals, ground relay networks and cloud platforms. The collar integrates Beidou short message and positioning dual-mode chips, and ensures full-time connectivity in complex terrains such as dense forests and canyons through adaptive signal switching technology; the camouflaged relay station deployed on the ground adopts a bionic design appearance and hides a multi-band antenna array inside, forming a dynamic self-organizing network to expand communication coverage; the cloud platform introduces a spatiotemporal big data engine to superimpose the original trajectory data with the meteorological terrain layer to generate a three-dimensional model of the migration corridor with ecological significance.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, it also includes a collar power supply module, which integrates biomechanical energy collection and body temperature difference power generation technology. It works together through a piezoelectric material layer that fits the movement of the elk's neck and a temperature difference power generation sheet that contacts the skin, and cooperates with the intelligent power management system to realize on-demand allocation of energy; when it detects that the animal is in a static state, it automatically switches to a low-power temperature difference power supply mode, and during the active period of movement, it prioritizes the storage of pulsed electricity generated by piezoelectricity, completely solving the endurance bottleneck of traditional batteries in extreme environments. The collar is made of biocompatible materials and has a built-in environmental responsive trigger mechanism. It can degrade and fall off at a preset time, and can also be actively released when abnormal pulling is detected; the fluorescent marker particles embedded in the surface form an invisible identity code, which displays individual information under specific spectral illumination, taking into account long-term tracking needs and animal welfare protection.

[0028] Specifically, a lightweight, low-power smart collar is used as a data collection terminal, equipped with the Beidou-3 dual-frequency positioning chip (B1I+B2a), with positioning accuracy reaching sub-meter levels. The collar has a built-in three-axis accelerometer, body temperature sensor, and heart rate monitoring module to record the elk's movement status (such as walking, running, and resting) and physiological indicators (such as body temperature and heart rate variability) in real time. To overcome the problem of power supply in the wild, the collar adopts a hybrid power supply solution of biokinetic energy + thermoelectric power generation: the piezoelectric power generation module uses the mechanical deformation of the elk's neck muscles during exercise to generate electricity, which is suitable for the high-energy consumption mode during the active period; the thermoelectric power generation module continuously supplies power through the temperature difference between the elk's body surface (approximately 32°C) and the environment (-10°C to 25°C), which is suitable for the low-power mode during the static period; the intelligent power management dynamically adjusts the Beidou positioning frequency (1Hz to 0.1Hz adaptive) according to the movement status to ensure a battery life of more than 6 months.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a dynamic geographic fence generation module. The dynamic geographic fence generation module establishes an environmental adaptability model by real-time access to weather forecast data streams and combining historical migration patterns. When a blizzard or extreme temperature is monitored, the virtual boundary range is automatically adjusted. The system is specially designed with a gradient fence structure. The core area uses a hard boundary to trigger an immediate alarm, and the buffer zone uses a flexible threshold to guide animals to naturally avoid dangerous areas, achieving a balance between ecological protection and animal freedom of behavior.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a distributed path learning method. Localized path prediction models are deployed at the edge nodes of each nature reserve. Feature parameters are exchanged in an encrypted state through a federated learning framework, and cloud aggregators integrate the migration pattern characteristics of different regions. The model input layer not only contains location coordinates, but also innovatively introduces animal physiological indicators as a basis for quantifying stress status, so that the prediction results can reflect the impact of individual health status on migration decisions.

[0031] like Figure 3As shown, it also includes an ecological invisible relay station. The ground communication base station adopts an eco-friendly design. The outer shell imitates the morphology of local dominant tree species and is covered with a spectral camouflage coating. An environmental energy collection device is integrated inside. A specially designed phase change temperature control system enables the thermal radiation characteristics of the device shell surface to change synchronously with real vegetation, avoiding interference with the normal activities of wild animals due to exposure to heat sources.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a multimodal abnormality monitoring function, establishes a temporal and spatial behavioral baseline model based on biological rhythms, and identifies abnormal states by analyzing the coupling relationship between movement trajectory and physiological parameters; when an abnormal extension of residence time or an inversion of diurnal activity pattern is detected, a graded response mechanism is activated, from local warnings on the collar to satellite notifications to patrol personnel, and finally dispatches a drone cluster for visual confirmation, forming a closed-loop protection chain.

[0033] The quantum signal source carried by the Beidou satellite is used to generate non-replicable encryption keys, and a hybrid encryption channel is built through the ground relay network; the quantum key distribution module works in conjunction with the national secret algorithm to ensure tamper-proofness of the entire link from the collar terminal to the cloud database, especially to prevent poachers from maliciously hijacking the positioning data.

[0034] In open areas, the collars prioritize transmitting data directly to the satellite via Beidou Short Message Service (RDSS). In signal-blocked areas like dense forests and canyons, they switch to a LoRa self-organizing network, relaying data via ground-based bionic relay stations. These relay stations employ ecological camouflage (e.g., tree-like appearance and thermal infrared camouflage coating) to avoid disturbing wildlife. They also possess adaptive networking capabilities, dynamically optimizing transmission paths based on the environment. Data is first transmitted to edge computing nodes in the reserve (e.g., Huawei Atlas 500 servers) for anomalous trajectory filtering (e.g., eliminating erroneous data from sudden jumps of 500 meters) and preliminary behavioral analysis (e.g., identifying abnormal stays exceeding six hours). The cloud platform integrates multi-source data (meteorological, topographical, and historical migration routes), constructing a three-dimensional ecological model using digital twin technology, and generating dynamic electronic fences. In the event of snowstorms or extreme heat, immediate alerts are triggered to guide elk away from dangerous areas. Flexible guidance is provided through vibration feedback from the collars, avoiding excessive interference with natural behavior.

[0035] The system uses a federated learning framework, with each protected area training AI models locally (input includes trajectory, heart rate, and environmental data), and improving global prediction accuracy through encrypted parameter sharing. When abnormal behavior is detected (such as moving more than 20 kilometers per day, abnormal body temperature), a three-level emergency response is initiated:

[0036] Level 1 response: The collar emits an ultrasonic beep (20kHz, inaudible to humans);

[0037] Secondary response: calling patrol officers via Beidou short message;

[0038] Level 3 response: Automatically dispatch a DJI M300 drone (thermal imager) to confirm the situation.

[0039] The above embodiments are provided to persons familiar with the art for implementing or using the present invention. Personnel familiar with the art may make various modifications or changes to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but should be the maximum scope of the innovative features mentioned in the claims.

Claims

1. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration is characterized by: The system consists of a three-level architecture consisting of smart collar terminals, ground relay networks and cloud platforms. The collars integrate Beidou short message and positioning dual-mode chips, and ensure full-time connectivity in complex terrains such as dense forests and canyons through adaptive signal switching technology; the camouflaged relay stations deployed on the ground adopt a bionic design appearance and hide a multi-band antenna array inside, forming a dynamic self-organizing network to expand communication coverage; the cloud platform introduces a spatiotemporal big data engine, which superimposes the original trajectory data with meteorological and terrain layers to generate a three-dimensional model of migration corridors with ecological significance.

2. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a collar power supply module, which integrates biomechanical energy collection and body temperature difference power generation technology. It works together through a piezoelectric material layer that conforms to the movement of the elk's neck and a thermoelectric power generation sheet that contacts the skin, and cooperates with the intelligent power management system to realize on-demand energy allocation; when it detects that the animal is in a static state, it automatically switches to a low-power thermoelectric power supply mode, and during active movement, it prioritizes storing the pulsed electricity generated by the piezoelectric, completely solving the endurance bottleneck of traditional batteries in extreme environments.

3. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a dynamic geo-fence generation module, which establishes an environmental adaptability model through real-time access to weather forecast data streams and combines historical migration patterns to automatically adjust the virtual boundary range when blizzards or extreme temperatures are monitored; the system specially designs a gradient fence structure, with hard boundaries in the core area triggering instant alarms, and buffer zones using flexible thresholds to guide animals to naturally avoid dangerous areas, achieving a balance between ecological protection and animal freedom of behavior.

4. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a distributed path learning method, in which localized path prediction models are deployed at the edge nodes of each nature reserve, and feature parameters are exchanged in an encrypted state through a federated learning framework. A cloud aggregator integrates the migration pattern characteristics of different regions. The model input layer not only contains location coordinates, but also innovatively introduces animal physiological indicators as a basis for quantifying stress status, so that the prediction results can reflect the impact of individual health status on migration decisions.

5. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an ecological invisible relay station. The ground communication base station adopts an eco-friendly design. The outer shell imitates the morphology of local dominant tree species and is covered with a spectral camouflage coating. An environmental energy collection device is integrated inside. A specially designed phase change temperature control system enables the thermal radiation characteristics of the device shell surface to change synchronously with real vegetation, avoiding interference with the normal activities of wild animals due to exposure to heat sources.

6. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on BeiDou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a multimodal abnormality monitoring function, establishes a spatiotemporal behavioral baseline model based on biological rhythms, and identifies abnormal conditions by analyzing the coupling relationship between movement trajectory and physiological parameters; when an abnormal extension of residence time or an inversion of day and night activity patterns is detected, a graded response mechanism is activated, from local warnings on the collar to satellite notifications to patrol personnel, and finally dispatches a drone cluster for visual confirmation, forming a closed-loop protection chain.

7. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The collar is made of biocompatible materials and has a built-in environmentally responsive trigger mechanism. It can degrade and fall off at a preset time, and can also be actively released when abnormal pulling is detected. The fluorescent marker particles embedded in the surface form an invisible identity code, which displays individual information under specific spectral illumination, taking into account long-term tracking needs and animal welfare protection.

8. The real-time path tracking system for migratory elk based on Beidou satellite collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quantum signal source carried by the Beidou satellite is used to generate non-replicable encryption keys, and a hybrid encryption channel is built through the ground relay network; the quantum key distribution module works in conjunction with the national secret algorithm to ensure tamper-proofness of the entire link from the collar terminal to the cloud database, especially to prevent poachers from maliciously hijacking the positioning data.

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