Matrix cultivation method for greenhouse grapes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of substrate cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a substrate cultivation method for greenhouse grapes, which adopts a Venlo type three-ridge-top greenhouse, is equipped with an automatic fertilizer and water management system and temperature and humidity real-time monitoring equipment, ensures good ventilation and light transmission of a planting area, and constructs a substrate groove and a supporting groove, holes are punched in the bottom and the side faces to facilitate drainage and fixation, supporting grooves are designed according to the differentiation of grape types, a substrate is selected and blended, five standard proportions are provided, different irrigation conditions are adapted, and frame potential and tree form control is achieved; a V-shaped or semi-H-shaped shed frame is adopted, plants are fixed through steel wires and nylon binding wires, and the close planting requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of substrate cultivation methods, and in particular relates to a substrate cultivation method for greenhouse grapes. Background Art

[0002] Greenhouse cultivation of grapes can make them mature earlier. For example, Victoria grapes can be harvested and put on the market in late May or early June under greenhouse cultivation, which is 60 to 70 days earlier than open-field cultivation. Due to sufficient sunlight and proper temperature control, the grapes have better quality, taste better, and sell for higher prices. It can also reduce the number of mowing and pest control, lower the incidence of diseases and pests, avoid the impact of bad weather on grape growth, and ensure the continuity and stability of production.

[0003] However, there are also certain technical flaws:

[0004] 1. The sources of organic substrates and their processing methods have not been standardized and commercialized, resulting in unstable physical and chemical properties of the substrate and unstable cultivation results;

[0005] 2. Drip irrigation facilities are prone to physical and chemical blockage, resulting in uneven liquid supply, uneven crop growth, and even seedling death;

[0006] 3. Closed substrate cultivation is affected by solar radiation in summer, and the substrate temperature in the container is too high, resulting in poor root growth;

[0007] 4. Traditional water and fertilizer management models are inefficient: Manual application of solid organic fertilizers is complex, slow to show results, and increases labor intensity. Furthermore, if excessive fertilizer is applied, salt accumulates on the surface of the substrate, affecting the root system's absorption of water and nutrients, leading to malnutrition in the grape plants.

[0008] 5. Digging planting trenches is labor-intensive, and large-scale trough cultivation requires a large amount of substrate, which increases production costs.

[0009] 6. Glass greenhouses are generally used to grow table grapes, but there is little research on the cultivation methods of wine grapes.

[0010] A substrate cultivation method for greenhouse grapes is designed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse grape substrate cultivation method in response to the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0012] In view of this, the present invention provides a greenhouse grape substrate cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Greenhouse environment setting;

[0014] Step 2: Construction of matrix trough and support trough;

[0015] Step 3: Matrix selection and preparation;

[0016] Step 4: Stance and tree shape control;

[0017] Step 5: Tree management, soil, fertilizer and water management, and root pruning;

[0018] Step 6: Conduct yield control and pest and disease control.

[0019] Preferably, in step one, a Venlo-type 3-ridge roof greenhouse is used, the main steel structure is hot-rolled double-sided hot-dip galvanized pipe, the top and side walls are covered with 5mm thick tempered glass and 5mm thick float glass respectively, and it is equipped with a fertilizer and water management system controlled by a computer and mobile terminal and a real-time monitoring device for temperature and humidity. The average groundwater level in the planting area is about 0.8 meters and the ventilation and light transmission are good.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the trough is 30 cm deep and 45 cm wide, with holes punched every 30 cm on the bottom and sides, and a length of about 12 m, and is fixed with bracket fixing pins and screws;

[0021] The support trough is made of iron sheet and fixed to the ground with an H-shaped iron frame. It is divided into two specifications according to the type of grapes: the support trough for wine grapes is 20 cm wide, 40 cm high, 130 cm apart, and 20 cm above the ground; the support trough for table grapes is 20 cm wide, 40 cm high, 150 cm apart, and 60 cm above the ground. The substrate trough is placed on the support trough.

[0022] Preferably, in step 3, any one of the following substrate ratios is selected, in weight percentage: 50% gold peat, 20% black peat, 30% cocoa peel, with a coarseness of 10 to 40 mm, pH 5.5, or mixed with vermiculite and perlite at a ratio of 5:1;

[0023] The bottom is paved with gravel, and the upper 50cm substrate layer is a mixture of 40% peat, 30% organic fertilizer, 30% river sand, and 50% plant straw and 50% vermiculite from bottom to top. After leaching, planting is done.

[0024] Peat 50%, organic fertilizer 25%, soil 15%, river sand 5%, vermiculite perlite 5%;

[0025] Coconut peat 40%, decomposed organic fertilizer 20%, perlite 20%, leaf mold 15%, vermiculite 5%, add 1-2kg slow-release fertilizer per cubic meter, and adjust the pH to 5.5;

[0026] 50% garden soil, 30% decomposed straw / rice husk, 10% river sand, 10% decomposed organic fertilizer, add sulfur powder or lime to adjust the pH.

[0027] Preferably, in step four, steel wires are laid at 30 cm on both sides of the substrate groove and 4 m high, and the plants are tied and fixed with nylon binding wires, using a V-shaped trellis or a semi-H-shaped trellis.

[0028] Preferably, in step 5, the spacing between plants is 30 cm and the spacing between rows is 80 cm. Before germination, a bamboo pole is erected on one side of the seedling, and the main trunk is tied when it is 1.8 to 2 meters high. The main shoot is topped after the new shoot is 1.5 meters long. The secondary shoots of the main vine are tied upward and tilted. When they are 35 to 40 cm long, they are topped, and two secondary shoots at the top are selected and cultivated as side vines.

[0029] Using a small amount and multiple applications mode, the corresponding fertilization formula is selected according to the type of drip irrigation facilities. Fully automated irrigation equipment applies balanced fertilizer, medium potash fertilizer, high potash fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, trace elements and amino acid calcium at specific time points from February 15 to August 25. Ordinary drip irrigation equipment applies the above fertilizers at specific time points from March 10 to July 5. The water consumption for each fertilization is to maintain the substrate moisture at 70% to 80%.

[0030] After pruning, keep the roots at 18 to 22 cm. Soak them in a puddle of water for one night before planting. When planting, soak the roots in a solution of carbendazim and rooting powder for 1 hour, and water them until the substrate groove drips with enough water for the roots to take root.

[0031] Preferably, in step 6, 960 grapes are densely planted per mu, with each grape controlling two branches, and one branch containing one bunch. The number of fruits left per bunch of table grapes is determined according to the variety. The bunches of wine grapes are not pruned, and the fruits are thinned before the young fruits harden into the core.

[0032] In winter, spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture 1-2 times when cleaning the garden. Use carbendazim to prevent ear cob brown rot during flowering. Spray Bordeaux mixture when the humidity is high. Use carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture alternately. If necessary, spray 1500 times Uranus to control spider mites.

[0033] Preferably, in step 1, the fertilizer and water management of the greenhouse is automatically controlled by computers and mobile terminals, and the temperature and humidity data are transmitted to the monitoring system in real time;

[0034] In step 2, holes are punched at the bottom of the matrix trough for drainage, and holes are punched on the side to accommodate the bracket fixing pins for stable fixation. The height and spacing of the support troughs vary based on the grape type: for wine grapes, since they use high-grafted rootstocks such as 5bb and Beda, the support troughs are 20 cm above the ground and 130 cm apart.

[0035] Because table grapes use short-grafted rootstocks, the support troughs are 60 cm above the ground and 150 cm apart;

[0036] In step three, the decomposed organic fertilizer is sheep manure or cow manure, wherein the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer used in the self-prepared matrix is ​​≥35%, the garden soil needs to be exposed to the sun and matured, the river sand and garden soil need to be disinfected, and the straw / rice husk needs to be fully decomposed.

[0037] Preferably, in step 4, the height and wire spacing of the V-shaped trellis or semi-H-shaped trellis are adapted to the dense planting requirements, and the tree vigor is controlled by manual pruning in the later stage to ensure space for branch growth;

[0038] In step 5, the length control of the main shoot topping and the cultivation of the secondary shoots is aimed at promoting the healthy growth of the main vine and the side vines, and providing sufficient nutrient transport channels for fruit development;

[0039] In the fertilization formula of fully automated irrigation equipment, balanced fertilizer is mainly used from February 15th to March 20th, medium-potassium fertilizer is mainly used from April 1st to April 25th, and high-potassium fertilizer is mainly used from May 5th to July 10th. Balanced fertilizer and humic acid are applied after harvest. The fertilization cycle and dosage of ordinary drip irrigation equipment are adapted to the equipment precision. Weak trees need to increase the amount of fertilizer on April 15th.

[0040] Preferably, in step 6, the root system is pruned to retain two-thirds of the original root system length, and the concentrations of the carbendazim and rooting powder solution are adapted to the requirements of grape root disinfection and root promotion;

[0041] The specific number of fruits left per bunch of fresh-eating grapes is: 80-100 for Red Globe and Summer Black, 150-180 for Crescent, and 60-70 for Sunshine Rose. The single fruit weight is 8-10 grams, the bunch weight is 0.5-0.8 kilograms, and the yield per mu is controlled at 960-1500 kilograms.

[0042] The alternating use cycle of carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture is adjusted according to the humidity of the greenhouse, alternating every 7-10 days in a high humidity environment and every 15-20 days in a low humidity environment.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0044] Through standardized substrate ratios and precise water and fertilizer management, the single bunch weight and soluble solid content of grape fruit have been improved. Experimental data show that the single bunch weight of fresh-eating grapes such as Australian Sweet King and Shaoxing No. 9 cultivated using the method of the present invention can reach 715-821g, and the soluble solid content is 17.7%-23.5%; wine grapes such as Marselan have a soluble solid content of up to 23.4%, far exceeding the traditional cultivation level, and the fruit quality differences between different plants are small and the consistency is strong. The precise control of the greenhouse environment combined with the advantages of substrate cultivation makes the grape ripening time more stable. Some varieties can mature 60-70 days earlier than open-field cultivation, achieving staggered listing and increasing economic value. The five substrate ratios provided all achieve standardized ingredients, of which the finished substrate can be purchased directly, effectively solving the problem of grape production failure. It solves the problems of the traditional organic substrate with messy sources and unstable physical and chemical properties, ensures consistent cultivation effects, and reduces the physical and chemical blockage of drip irrigation facilities through the "small amounts and multiple times" water and fertilizer management mode, combined with the air permeability and water retention design of the substrate, ensuring uniform liquid supply and avoiding uneven crop growth or seedling death. The off-ground design of the support trough and the perforation on the side of the substrate trough enhance the ventilation and heat dissipation capacity of the substrate, solving the problem of poor root growth caused by excessively high substrate temperature in closed cultivation in summer; at the same time, root pruning and disinfection further promote the healthy development of the root system, and adopts an automated fertilizer and water system controlled by computers and mobile terminals to replace the traditional manual application of solid organic fertilizer mode. , reducing labor intensity by more than 30%, and the fertilizer effect is quickly apparent, avoiding plant malnutrition caused by substrate salt accumulation, the modular design of the substrate trough and the support trough reduces substrate usage by more than 40% compared with traditional large trough cultivation; at the same time, the standardized installation of the support trough does not require the opening of planting trenches, which greatly reduces labor costs, reduces soil-borne diseases through the finished substrate, and combines the prevention and control program of "lime sulfur mixture cleaning + alternating use of carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture" to reduce the incidence of diseases and pests by more than 50%, reduce the use of pesticides, and achieve green cultivation. The support trough is designed according to the characteristics of the two types of grapes, and matched with different rootstock management (high-grafted rootstock for wine grapes and high-grafted rootstock for fresh-eating grapes). Short-grafted rootstock) solves the problem that traditional glass greenhouses focus on fresh-eating grapes and ignore the cultivation of wine grapes. Five substrate ratios can be selected according to the irrigation equipment, and the water and fertilizer scheme is designed according to the equipment type. It can be stably applied in areas with large differences in irrigation conditions and has strong adaptability. Through the dense planting design of 960 plants per mu, combined with the "two branches and two ears" fruit retention control of each plant, the yield per mu is stabilized at 960-1500kg, which not only ensures the output but also avoids excessive load affecting the quality. The V-shaped or semi-H-shaped trellises are adapted to the dense planting needs, and the uniform height and spacing of the support troughs are convenient for mechanized pruning, picking and pest control, providing technical support for large-scale greenhouse grape cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] It should be noted that all terms used in the present invention to indicate direction and position, such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "top", "low", "lateral", "longitudinal", "center", etc., are only used to explain the relative position relationship and connection status between the components in a certain specific state (as shown in the accompanying drawings). They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0050] The environmental conditions of the present invention are that the average groundwater level is about 0.8 meters all year round, and the ventilation and light conditions in the planting area are good; the enlo greenhouse form adopts the Venlo type 3-ridge roof form, and the main steel structure adopts hot-rolled double-sided hot-dip galvanized pipes; the top of the greenhouse is covered with domestic 5mm thick tempered glass, and the side walls are covered with domestic 5mm thick float glass; the fertilizer and water management of this greenhouse can be controlled by computer and mobile terminal, which is simple and convenient, and the humidity and temperature can be monitored in real time.

[0051] The substrate trough specifications are as follows: The substrate trough is 30cm deep and 45cm wide. A small hole is drilled every 30cm at the bottom for drainage. Holes are drilled every 30cm on the sides. The substrate is fixed with bracket fixing pins and screws at both ends. The length is about 12m.

[0052] Support Trough Specifications: This device, made of sheet iron and anchored to the ground with an H-shaped iron frame, facilitates mobility. Appropriate support trough size, height, and spacing effectively control soil moisture, facilitate pruning, and ensure optimal planting density. Two specifications are available based on the characteristics of winemaking and fresh-food grape varieties: For wine grapes, the support trough is 20 cm wide and 40 cm high, spaced 130 cm apart, and 20 cm above the ground.

[0053] Table grapes: The support trough is 20cm wide and 40cm high, with a spacing of 150cm and 60cm from the ground.

[0054] According to experiments, wine grapes are often affected by grape root-knot nematodes, phylloxera, etc., and must be grafted using rootstocks such as 5bb and Beda, and the grafting is generally high, so the height of the support trough must be lowered for easy management; fresh-eating grapes have better resistance and are cheap, with a variety of rootstock options, and are generally short-grafted, so the height of the support trough should be appropriately increased.

[0055] The economic value of table grapes depends mainly on yield, which requires sufficient space for branches. Therefore, compared with wine grapes, the spacing between support troughs needs to be appropriately increased to leave more space for branch growth.

[0056] Selection and preparation of substrates; the specific ratio is determined by irrigation conditions. The present invention provides five substrate ratios, which can be selected according to actual needs (the use of finished substrates can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases of wine grapes).

[0057] Directly select PindstrupEB Black Forest matrix, matrix type ratio (weight percentage): 50% gold peat, 20% black peat, 30% cocoa peel (plant fiber), the matrix coarseness is between 10 and 40 mm, pH 5.5, if conditions permit, the matrix can be mixed with vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 5:1 to improve water retention.

[0058] This mix has medium air permeability and water retention, but you can directly purchase the finished product with standardized ingredients. After testing, using drip irrigation with a drip arrow, drip irrigation for 8 minutes in the morning and evening can meet the growth needs, but this mix requires certain irrigation conditions.

[0059] The bottom is paved with gravel, and the upper 50 centimeters form a substrate layer. The substrate mix (by weight percentage) is: 40% peat, 30% organic fertilizer, and 30% river sand. 50% plant straw and 50% vermiculite are placed on top. Water the substrate thoroughly before planting the grape seedlings. This three-layer structure offers excellent air permeability and water retention. In tests, using drip irrigation with a 5-minute drip irrigation in the morning and evening can meet growth requirements, but the mix and planting process are relatively complex.

[0060] Substrate type ratio (weight percentage): 50% peat, 25% organic fertilizer, 15% soil, 5% river sand, 5% vermiculite and perlite. This ratio offers good air permeability and water retention. If irrigation conditions are limited, this can be used. The above raw materials must be prepared in-house. Cost is low. The organic fertilizer should be commercially available with an organic matter content of ≥35%. The soil should be harvested from farmland but should be sun-cured. Vermiculite and perlite are commercially available.

[0061] Substrate type ratio (weight percentage): coconut coir 40%, decomposed organic fertilizer (sheep manure / cow manure) 20%, perlite 20%, leaf mold 15%, vermiculite 5%, add 1-2kg slow-release fertilizer (such as Austrian green manure) per cubic meter of substrate, and adjust the pH to about 5.5.

[0062] This ratio is universal and can be used for most grapes.

[0063] Substrate mix (by weight): 50% garden soil, 30% composted straw / rice husks, 10% river sand, 10% composted organic fertilizer (sheep / cow manure). Sulfur powder (to lower pH) or lime (to raise pH) should be added to adjust soil pH. This mix is ​​low-cost, but the organic fertilizer and straw / rice husks must be fully composted, and the garden soil and river sand must be disinfected.

[0064] Control of trellis posture and tree shape; Construction of grape substrate cultivation trough, choose to set up steel wire 30cm on both sides of the grape planting trough and 4m high, and use nylon binding wire to tie and fix the plants on both sides. The present invention can use V-shaped trellis or semi-H-shaped trellis. This trellis is suitable for dense planting, but it requires strengthened manual management and tree posture control in the later stage;

[0065] Table 1 Performance of five different substrates for table and wine grape cultivation:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] The planting density of this substrate cultivation is relatively high, and the optimal amount of fruit to be retained needs to be determined based on the characteristics of the variety, especially for wine grapes, which require a certain degree of maturity and quality. It is recommended not to retain fruit in the first year and to retain 1-2 bunches of fruit in the second year to determine the fruit quality and facilitate the determination of the optimal amount of fruit to be retained later.

[0069] Tree management: For planting, plant spacing is 30cm, and row spacing is 80cm. Trunk tying: Before budding, erect a bamboo pole on one side of the seedling. Tie the trunk as soon as it reaches 1.8-2 meters in height. Pinch the main shoot when the new shoot grows to 1.5 meters. Tie the secondary shoots of the main vine upwards at an angle. Pinch the new shoot when it grows to 35-40cm. Select the two secondary shoots at the pinching point and cultivate them as side vines.

[0070] Soil, fertilizer, and water management: This method adopts a small amount of frequent fertilizer and water management mode. Each region needs to adjust accordingly according to the planted varieties, phenological period, and facility conditions. The specific fertilization formula is as follows.

[0071] (1) This formula is suitable for drip irrigation facilities (fully automated irrigation equipment) with good conditions.

[0072] On February 15, 4 catties of balance (17-17-17), 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 catties of humic acid were added to 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0073] On February 20, 4 catties of balance (17-17-17), 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 catties of humic acid were added to 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0074] On February 25, the balance (17-17-17) was 6 jin and 1-2 cubic meters of water was drip-irrigated.

[0075] Balance on February 30 (17-17-17) 6 jin, 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0076] Balance on March 5 (17-17-17) 8 jin of water was distributed with 1-2 cubic meters of drip irrigation.

[0077] Balanced on March 10 (17-17-17) 8 jin of water was used for drip irrigation with 1-2 cubic meters.

[0078] On March 15, balance (17-17-17) 8 jin, 250 g of trace elements and 1-3 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0079] Balanced on March 20 (17-17-17) 8 jin of water was distributed with 1-2 cubic meters of drip irrigation.

[0080] Before and after denuclearization on March 25, 5 kilograms of amino acid calcium were used, and 1-1.5 cubic meters of water was used for drip irrigation.

[0081] On April 1, drip irrigation was applied to young fruits with 10 catties of potassium (15-5-30) and 5 catties of humic acid mixed with 1.5-2 cubic meters of water.

[0082] On April 6, 5 catties of amino acid calcium was added with 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0083] On April 10, 10 catties of medium potassium (15-5-30) and 5 catties of humic acid were mixed with 1.5-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0084] On April 15, 5 catties of amino acid calcium and 1-1.5 cubic meters of water were used for drip irrigation.

[0085] On April 20, 10 jin of medium potassium (15-5-30) was mixed with 1.5-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0086] On April 25, 10 jin of medium potassium (15-5-30) was mixed with 1-1.5 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0087] On May 1, drip irrigation was carried out with 10 jin of medium potassium (15-5-30) and 250 g of trace elements mixed with 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0088] On May 5, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0089] On May 10, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0090] On May 15, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0091] On May 20, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0092] On May 25, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0093] On May 30, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0094] On June 5, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0095] On June 10, drip irrigation was applied with 8 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0096] On June 20, drip irrigation was carried out with 10 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0097] On June 30, drip irrigation was applied with 10 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0098] On July 10, drip irrigation was applied with 10 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1.5-2 cubic meters of water.

[0099] Post-harvest fertilizer on August 25: 10 jin of balanced (16-17-17), 5 jin of humic acid and 5 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0100] On September 10, 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 8 catties of balance (16-17-17) were added with 3-5 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0101] (2) This formula is suitable for ordinary drip irrigation equipment.

[0102] On March 10, 5 jin of balance (17-17-17), 5 jin of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 jin of humic acid were added to 1-3 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0103] On March 20, 5 jin of balance (17-17-17), 5 jin of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 jin of humic acid were added to 1-3 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0104] On April 1, 5 catties of balanced fertilizer (17-17-17) and 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were mixed with 1-3 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0105] Balance on April 15 (17-17-17): 5 catties, 250 g of trace elements, 2-3 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation. (For weak trees, increase the amount of fertilizer)

[0106] On April 25, balance (17-17-17) 5 jin of water was distributed to 2-3 cubic meters for drip irrigation.

[0107] On May 2, 6 catties of amino acid calcium and 1-2 cubic meters of water were used for drip irrigation.

[0108] On May 6, drip irrigation was carried out with 10 catties of medium potassium (15-5-30) and 5 catties of humic acid mixed with 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0109] On May 10, 6 catties of amino acid calcium was added with 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0110] On May 14, 10 catties of medium potassium (15-5-30) and 5 catties of humic acid were added with 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0111] On May 18, 6 catties of amino acid calcium was added with 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0112] On May 22, 10 jin of medium potassium (15-5-30) was mixed with 1-2 cubic meters of water for drip irrigation.

[0113] On May 26, drip irrigation was applied with 5 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0114] On June 1, drip irrigation was carried out with 5 catties of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-12 cubic meters of water.

[0115] On June 5, drip irrigation was applied with 5 jin of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0116] On June 10, drip irrigation was applied with 5 catties of high potassium (12-8-36) and 1-2 cubic meters of water.

[0117] On June 15, 8 catties of high potassium (12-8-36), 5 catties of potassium sulfate, and 1-2 cubic meters of water were used for drip irrigation.

[0118] On June 20, 8 catties of high potassium (12-8-36), 5 catties of potassium sulfate, and 1-2 cubic meters of water were used for drip irrigation.

[0119] On June 25, 8 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 250 grams of trace elements, and 1-1.5 cubic meters of water were used for drip irrigation.

[0120] On July 5, 8 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-1.5 cubic meters of water were used for drip irrigation.

[0121] Note: 1. Adjust the amount of water used for each fertilization based on local climate conditions and soil moisture (always maintain soil moisture at around 70% to 80%). 2. The above fertilizer dosage is based on a yield of approximately 3,000 to 4,000 jin (approximately 1000 catties). Adjust the amount based on tree vigor and yield. 3. Strengthen management and promptly prune side shoots to increase ventilation and light transmission.

[0122] Root pruning: When pruning the roots, only leave 18 to 22 cm, which is to cut off one-third of the root system. Soak the roots in a puddle of water for one night before planting. When planting, soak the roots in a solution of carbendazim and rooting powder for 1 hour. After planting, water them enough to establish roots, with the dripping water in the substrate tank as the standard.

[0123] Tree vigor, yield, and quality: The substrate troughs of the present invention are approximately 12 meters long, and each trough can plant approximately 30 seedlings. A 200-square-meter greenhouse can accommodate 10 substrate troughs, allowing for a dense planting of 960 plants per mu. Due to the planting density, it is recommended that each plant have two branches, one ear per branch, and 80-100 fruits per ear, weighing 8-10 grams per ear and 0.5-0.8 kilograms per ear, for a yield of 960-1500 kilograms per mu. Fruit thinning should be done before the young fruits reach the hard-core stage. The number of fruits retained for table grapes is determined based on tree vigor and total ear number. For Red Globe and Summer Black grapes, 80-100 fruits are retained per ear, for Crescent grapes, 150-180 fruits are retained per ear, and for Sunshine Rose grapes, 60-70 fruits are retained per ear. No bunch pruning is required for wine grapes.

[0124] Pest and disease control: Pests and diseases in the greenhouse are relatively light. Spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture 1-2 times when cleaning the garden in winter. Use carbendazim to prevent spike brown rot during the flowering period. Spray Bordeaux mixture in time during the rainy season or when the humidity is high to prevent downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc. Carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture should be used alternately. For greenhouse grapes, spray 1500 times Uranus once according to the actual situation to prevent and control the damage of spider mites.

[0125] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A greenhouse grape substrate cultivation method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Greenhouse environment setting; Step 2: Construction of matrix trough and support trough; Step 3: Matrix selection and preparation; Step 4: Stance and tree shape control; Step 5: Tree management, soil, fertilizer and water management, and root pruning; Step 6: Conduct yield control and pest and disease control.

2. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step one, a Venlo-type 3-ridge greenhouse is used. The main steel structure is hot-rolled double-sided hot-dip galvanized pipe. The top and side walls are covered with 5mm thick tempered glass and 5mm thick float glass respectively. It is equipped with a fertilizer and water management system controlled by a computer and mobile terminal and real-time temperature and humidity monitoring equipment. The average groundwater level in the planting area is about 0.8 meters and the ventilation and light transmission are good.

3. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2, the trough is 30cm deep and 45cm wide, with holes drilled every 30cm on the bottom and sides. The length is about 12m, and it is fixed with bracket fixing pins and screws. The support trough is made of iron sheet and fixed to the ground with an H-shaped iron frame. It is divided into two specifications according to the type of grapes: the support trough for wine grapes is 20 cm wide, 40 cm high, 130 cm apart, and 20 cm above the ground; the support trough for table grapes is 20 cm wide, 40 cm high, 150 cm apart, and 60 cm above the ground. The substrate trough is placed on the support trough.

4. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 3, select any of the following substrate ratios, in weight percentage: 50% gold peat, 20% black peat, 30% cocoa peel, with a coarseness of 10-40 mm, pH 5.5, or mix with vermiculite and perlite at a ratio of 5:1; The bottom is paved with gravel, and the upper 50cm substrate layer is a mixture of 40% peat, 30% organic fertilizer, 30% river sand, and 50% plant straw and 50% vermiculite from bottom to top. After leaching, planting is done. Peat 50%, organic fertilizer 25%, soil 15%, river sand 5%, vermiculite perlite 5%; Coconut peat 40%, decomposed organic fertilizer 20%, perlite 20%, leaf mold 15%, vermiculite 5%, add 1-2kg slow-release fertilizer per cubic meter, and adjust the pH to 5.5; 50% garden soil, 30% decomposed straw / rice husk, 10% river sand, 10% decomposed organic fertilizer, add sulfur powder or lime to adjust the pH.

5. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 4, steel wires are laid at 30 cm on both sides of the substrate groove and at a height of 4 m. Nylon binding wires are used to bind and fix the plants. A V-shaped trellis or a semi-H-shaped trellis is used.

6. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 5, when planting, the spacing between plants should be 30cm and the spacing between rows should be 80cm. Before germination, a bamboo pole should be erected on one side of the seedling. When the main trunk is 1.8 to 2 meters high, it should be tied. When the new shoot is 1.5 meters long, the main shoot should be topped. The secondary shoots of the main vine should be tied upward and topped when they are 35 to 40 cm long. Two secondary shoots at the top should be selected and cultivated as side vines. Using a small amount and multiple applications mode, the corresponding fertilization formula is selected according to the type of drip irrigation facilities. Fully automated irrigation equipment applies balanced fertilizer, medium potash fertilizer, high potash fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, trace elements and amino acid calcium at specific time points from February 15 to August 25. Ordinary drip irrigation equipment applies the above fertilizers at specific time points from March 10 to July 5. The water consumption for each fertilization is to maintain the substrate moisture at 70% to 80%. After pruning, keep the roots at 18 to 22 cm. Soak them in a puddle of water for one night before planting. When planting, soak the roots in a solution of carbendazim and rooting powder for 1 hour, and water them until the substrate groove drips with enough water for the roots to take root.

7. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 6, 960 grapes are densely planted per mu, with each plant controlling two branches, and one bunch per branch. The number of fruits left per bunch of table grapes is determined according to the variety. No bunch pruning is required for wine grapes, and the fruits are thinned before the young fruits harden into the core. In winter, spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture 1-2 times when cleaning the garden. Use carbendazim to prevent ear cob brown rot during flowering. Spray Bordeaux mixture when the humidity is high. Use carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture alternately. If necessary, spray 1500 times Uranus to control spider mites.

8. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 1, the greenhouse’s fertilizer and water management is automatically controlled through computers and mobile devices, and temperature and humidity data are transmitted to the monitoring system in real time; In step 2, holes are punched at the bottom of the matrix trough for drainage, and holes are punched on the side to accommodate the bracket fixing pins for stable fixation. The height and spacing of the support troughs vary based on the grape type: for wine grapes, since they use high-grafted rootstocks such as 5bb and Beda, the support troughs are 20 cm above the ground and 130 cm apart. Because table grapes use short-grafted rootstocks, the support troughs are 60 cm above the ground and 150 cm apart; In step three, the decomposed organic fertilizer is sheep manure or cow manure, wherein the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer used in the self-prepared matrix is ​​≥35%, the garden soil needs to be exposed to the sun and matured, the river sand and garden soil need to be disinfected, and the straw / rice husk needs to be fully decomposed.

9. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 4, the height and wire spacing of the V-shaped trellis or semi-H-shaped trellis are adapted to the dense planting requirements. Later, manual pruning is used to control the tree vigor and ensure space for branch growth. In step 5, the length control of the main shoot topping and the cultivation of the secondary shoots is aimed at promoting the healthy growth of the main vine and the side vines, and providing sufficient nutrient transport channels for fruit development; The fertilization formula for fully automated irrigation equipment primarily uses balanced fertilizer from February 15th to March 20th, medium-potassium fertilizer from April 1st to April 25th, and high-potassium fertilizer from May 5th to July 10th. Balanced fertilizer and humic acid are applied post-harvest. The fertilization cycle and dosage of conventional drip irrigation equipment are adapted to the equipment's accuracy. Weak grape vines require increased fertilizer application on April 15th. Weak grape vines require a focus on nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer, along with medium and trace element fertilizers to promote root development and branch growth.

10. The method for growing grapes in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein: In step 6, the root system is pruned to retain two-thirds of the original root length. The concentrations of carbendazim and rooting powder solution are adapted to the needs of grape root disinfection and root promotion. The specific number of fruits left per bunch of fresh-eating grapes is: 80-100 for Red Globe and Summer Black, 150-180 for Crescent, and 60-70 for Sunshine Rose. The single fruit weight is 8-10 grams, the bunch weight is 0.5-0.8 kilograms, and the yield per mu is controlled at 960-1500 kilograms. The alternating use cycle of carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture is adjusted according to the humidity of the greenhouse, alternating every 7-10 days in a high humidity environment and every 15-20 days in a low humidity environment.

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