A distiller's grains seedling substrate and a preparation process thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a seedling substrate made from distiller's grains and its preparation process. The substrate comprises, by weight, 40-60 parts distiller's grains, 25-35 parts coconut coir, 7-12 parts perlite, 7-12 parts humic acid, 5-15 parts bamboo fiber with mycotoxin, and 0.4-0.8 parts iron oxide granules. The preparation steps are as follows: S1, fermenting the distiller's grains; S2, initially mixing the distiller's grains, coconut coir, and humic acid in a biaxial mixer to form a preliminary mixed substrate; S4, adding the preliminary mixed substrate, perlite, bamboo fiber with mycotoxin, and iron oxide granules into a three-dimensional mixer, mixing at 20-30 rpm for 30 minutes, adjusting the moisture content to 30-40%, and adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0; S5, magnetizing the iron oxide granules. The seedling substrate of this invention has good air permeability, rich nutrients, and promotes root growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seedling culture medium preparation technology, and specifically relates to a distiller's grains seedling substrate and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] With the continued large-scale development of China's baijiu industry, the annual output of its by-product, distiller's grains, is estimated to have exceeded 20 million tons and is still growing. Improper disposal of such a massive amount of distiller's grains will cause enormous environmental pressure. However, research has found that baijiu distiller's grains actually contain high-value biological resources, rich in crude protein, essential amino acids, B vitamins, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, forming a unique system of bioactive components with significant nutritional advantages.

[0003] The current mainstream seedling substrate is mainly composed of peat (organic material) and vermiculite (inorganic material), supplemented with sugarcane bagasse, well-rotted compost, and other components. This type of substrate has a dense physical structure and generally low aeration porosity, which easily leads to insufficient oxygen exchange efficiency in the roots and causes root rot.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of seedling cultivation substrate that uses distiller's grains as the main ingredient, combined with other auxiliary materials, and processed using special techniques. This substrate must have high air permeability and nutrient content to be suitable for seedling cultivation and to effectively promote the growth of seedling roots. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a distiller's grains seedling substrate and its preparation process. The seedling substrate can provide high air permeability and nutrients, and can effectively promote the growth of seedling roots.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention:

[0007] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains, comprising by weight 40-60 parts distiller's grains, 25-35 parts coconut coir, 7-12 parts perlite, 7-12 parts humic acid, 5-15 parts bamboo fiber with bacterial growth, and 0.4-0.8 parts iron oxide granules.

[0008] Furthermore, it includes 50 parts of distiller's grains, 30 parts of coconut coir, 10 parts of perlite, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of bacteria-laden bamboo fiber, and 0.6 parts of ferric oxide particles.

[0009] Furthermore, the lees mentioned are lees from baijiu (Chinese liquor).

[0010] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Ferment the distiller's grains and demagnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0012] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 20-30 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0013] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite, bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber and iron oxide particles to the three-dimensional mixer, mix at 20-30 rpm for 30 minutes, and add water and limestone during the mixing process to make the water content of the mixed matrix 35-45% and the pH value 6.0-7.0.

[0014] S5. Magnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific steps for fermentation of the distiller's grains include:

[0016] S11a. Use an electron beam to sterilize the distiller's grains by irradiation, with an irradiation dose of 2-5 kGy and a process temperature of ≤40℃.

[0017] S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to ≤40%, add EM bacteria at 0.5%-1% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 7-10 days, keeping the temperature ≤40℃ throughout the process.

[0018] Furthermore, the demagnetization treatment step of the iron oxide particles includes,

[0019] S11b. Place the iron oxide particles in a demagnetizer and treat them for 3-5 minutes at a frequency of 0.5-2Hz and a magnetic field strength of 2000-3000 Oersted.

[0020] S12b: After processing, let stand for more than 10 minutes, and use a gaussmeter to detect the magnetic properties of the powder surface at multiple points. When the residual magnetic field strength is ≤0.5mT, demagnetization is complete; otherwise, skip to S11b.

[0021] Furthermore, the particle size of the iron oxide particles is 0.4-0.6 mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the iron oxide undergoes the following steps before demagnetization:

[0023] S11c: Dissolve low-density polyethylene in xylene solvent to prepare a 10-15 wt% low-density polyethylene solution.

[0024] S12c: Preheat the iron oxide particles to 80-100℃, put them into a fluidized bed, and disperse them by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 1.2-1.5m / s.

[0025] S13c, At a fluidized bed temperature of 120-130℃, spray low-density polyethylene solution at a rate of 2-4 mL / min per kilogram of iron oxide particles, with the total amount of sprayed solution being 8-12% of the mass of iron powder.

[0026] S14c, Maintain an inert gas flow rate and reduce the fluidized bed temperature to below 25°C at 3-7°C / min. Then, keep the iron oxide particles dispersed by air jets in the fluidized bed for ≥30 minutes. Finally, pass the coated iron oxide particles through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0027] Furthermore, the magnetization treatment method of the Fe3O4 is as follows: the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 5000-7000 Oersted, the pulse frequency is 3-5 times / s, and the duration is 60-90s.

[0028] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber include the following:

[0029] S41a. Crush bamboo fiber to 0.8-1.2mm, soak in 3-4% hydrogen peroxide for 30min to remove impurities, and dry until the moisture content is ≤5%.

[0030] S42a. Prepare a compound bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage at a viable count ratio of 1:1, with a viable count concentration of ≥5×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0031] S43a. Spray compound bacterial solution onto bamboo fiber. The amount of compound bacterial solution sprayed is 3-5% of the mass of bamboo fiber. Ferment at 30-35℃ and 55-60% humidity for 7 days, stirring once every 24 hours.

[0032] S44a, dried at 40-45℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%, to obtain bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] First, excellent air permeability: Through a reasonable ratio of perlite and coconut coir, their porous structure forms a three-dimensional interconnected pore system with the fiber network formed after fermentation of the lees. Combined with 2-3mm perlite, this provides high natural porosity. Second, demagnetized iron oxide particles are uniformly mixed into the matrix. Then, the matrix, with appropriately adjusted humidity, is placed in a magnetic field. The magnetic field induces the matrix particles to oriented, optimizing pore connectivity and thus increasing porosity. Simultaneously, the iron oxide particles are magnetized to serve as the subsequent magnetic field source.

[0035] II. High substrate nutrition:

[0036] The main ingredient, baijiu lees, undergoes irradiation sterilization and microbial fermentation. Based on the abundant nutrients within the lees, it decomposes macromolecules and releases bound nutrients, forming a nutrient reservoir combining fast-acting small-molecule organic matter, inorganic salts, slow-release humic substances, and some recalcitrant organic matter. Humic acid is used as a natural chelating agent; its carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups can complex with trace element ions such as iron, manganese, zinc, and copper, forming highly stable organic-metal chelates. This prevents trace elements from being fixed by the matrix and allows for the gradual release of nutrients through the gradual decomposition of the chelates, significantly improving the bioavailability of trace elements. Combined with bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber, which supports functional microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage, it continuously secretes various metabolites such as organic acids, siderophore proteins, and auxins during subsequent planting and fermentation. These metabolites can acidify the substrate environment, dissolve insoluble phosphates and metal oxides, and activate fixed nutrients through chelation, forming a dynamic nutrient supply system of "microbial activation - metabolite transformation - humic acid stabilization", ensuring that seedlings receive balanced nutritional support throughout their growth cycle.

[0037] III. Promoting vascular development and root formation:

[0038] This invention employs a physical-biological synergistic stimulation technology to enhance the physiological activity of seedlings. During the fermentation process, the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus loaded onto the bamboo fiber continuously secrete various plant growth regulators. These substances, combined with the weak magnetic field generated by magnetized iron oxide particles, create a complex effect: the growth regulators induce vascular bundle cell division and differentiation, while the magnetic field, by regulating cell membrane potential and ion channel activity, accelerates proton pump operation and substance transport. The two synergistically shorten the formation cycle of new root primordia, effectively promoting the development of vascular bundles and root growth in seedlings. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains comprises, by weight, 40 parts distiller's grains, 25 parts coconut coir, 7 parts perlite, 7 parts humic acid, 5 parts bamboo fiber for bacterial growth, and 0.4 parts ferric oxide granules, wherein the distiller's grains are baijiu (Chinese white liquor) distiller's grains.

[0042] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0043] S1. Ferment the distiller's grains and demagnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0044] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 20 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0045] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite, bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber and iron oxide particles to the three-dimensional mixer, mix at 20 rpm for 30 min, and add water and limestone during the stirring process to make the water content of the mixed matrix 35% and the pH value 6.0.

[0046] S5. Magnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0047] Preferably, the specific steps for fermentation treatment of distiller's grains include:

[0048] S11a. Use an electron beam to sterilize the distiller's grains by irradiation, with an irradiation dose of 2 kGy and a process temperature of 35°C.

[0049] S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to 35%, add EM bacteria at 0.5% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 7 days, maintaining a temperature of 35℃ throughout the process.

[0050] Preferably, the demagnetization treatment step of the iron oxide particles includes,

[0051] S11b. Place the iron oxide particles in a demagnetizer and treat them for 3 minutes at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a magnetic field strength of 2000 Oersted.

[0052] S12b: After processing, let stand for more than 10 minutes, and use a gaussmeter to detect the magnetic properties of the powder surface at multiple points. When the residual magnetic field strength is ≤0.5mT, demagnetization is complete; otherwise, skip to S11b.

[0053] Preferably, the particle size of the iron oxide particles is 0.4 mm.

[0054] Preferably, the iron oxide is treated with the following steps before demagnetization:

[0055] S11c. Dissolve low-density polyethylene in xylene solvent to prepare a 10wt% low-density polyethylene solution.

[0056] S12c: Preheat the iron oxide particles to 80°C, put them into a fluidized bed, and disperse them by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 1.2 m / s.

[0057] S13c. At a fluidized bed temperature of 120℃, low-density polyethylene solution is sprayed at a rate of 2 mL / min per kilogram of iron oxide particles, and the total amount of sprayed solution is 8% of the mass of iron powder.

[0058] S14c, Maintain the inert gas flow rate and reduce the fluidized bed temperature to below 20°C at 3°C / min. Keep the iron oxide particles dispersed by jet spray in the fluidized bed for 30 minutes, and then pass the coated iron oxide particles through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0059] Preferably, the magnetization treatment method of the Fe3O4 is as follows: the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 6000 Oersted, the pulse frequency is 3 times / s, and the duration is 60s.

[0060] Preferably, the preparation steps of the mycotoxin-loaded bamboo fiber include the following:

[0061] S41a. Crush bamboo fiber to 0.8mm, soak in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 30min to remove impurities, and dry to a moisture content of 5%.

[0062] S42a. Prepare a compound bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage at a viable count ratio of 1:1, with a viable count concentration of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0063] S43a. Spray compound bacterial solution onto bamboo fiber. The amount of compound bacterial solution sprayed is 3% of the mass of bamboo fiber. Ferment at 30℃ and 55% humidity for 7 days, stirring once every 24 hours.

[0064] S44a is dried at 40℃ to a moisture content of 5% to obtain bacteria-laden bamboo fiber.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains comprises, by weight, 60 parts distiller's grains, 35 parts coconut coir, 12 parts perlite, 12 parts humic acid, 15 parts bamboo fiber for bacterial growth, and 0.8 parts ferric oxide granules, wherein the distiller's grains are baijiu (Chinese white liquor) lees.

[0067] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0068] S1. Ferment the distiller's grains and demagnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0069] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 30 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0070] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite, bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber and iron oxide particles to the three-dimensional mixer, mix at 30 rpm for 30 min, and add water and limestone during the stirring process to make the water content of the mixed matrix 45% and the pH value 7.0.

[0071] S5. Magnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0072] Preferably, the specific steps for fermentation treatment of distiller's grains include:

[0073] S11a. Use an electron beam to sterilize the distiller's grains by irradiation, with an irradiation dose of 5 kGy and a process temperature of 37°C.

[0074] S12a, adjust the moisture content of the lees to 37%, add EM bacteria agent at 1% of the lees mass and mix evenly before fermentation, ferment for 10 days, and maintain the temperature at 37℃ during the process.

[0075] Preferably, the demagnetization treatment step of the iron oxide particles includes,

[0076] S11b: Place the iron oxide particles in a demagnetizer and treat them for 5 minutes at a frequency of 2 Hz and a magnetic field strength of 3000 Oersted.

[0077] S12b: After processing, let stand for more than 10 minutes, and use a gaussmeter to detect the magnetic properties of the powder surface at multiple points. When the residual magnetic field strength is ≤0.5mT, demagnetization is complete; otherwise, skip to S11b.

[0078] Preferably, the particle size of the iron oxide particles is 0.6 mm.

[0079] Preferably, the iron oxide is treated with the following steps before demagnetization:

[0080] S11c. Dissolve low-density polyethylene in xylene solvent to prepare a 15wt% low-density polyethylene solution.

[0081] S12c: Preheat the iron oxide particles to 100°C, put them into a fluidized bed, and disperse them by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 1.5 m / s.

[0082] S13c. At a fluidized bed temperature of 130℃, low-density polyethylene solution is sprayed at a rate of 4 mL / min per kilogram of iron oxide particles, with the total spray volume being 12% of the iron powder mass.

[0083] S14c, Maintain the inert gas flow rate and reduce the fluidized bed temperature to below 25°C at 7°C / min. Then, keep the iron oxide particles dispersed by air jets in the fluidized bed for 33 minutes. Finally, pass the coated iron oxide particles through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0084] Preferably, the magnetization treatment method of the ferric oxide is as follows: the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 7000 Oersted, the pulse frequency is 5 times / s, and the duration is 90s.

[0085] Preferably, the preparation steps of the mycotoxin-loaded bamboo fiber include the following:

[0086] S41a. Crush bamboo fiber to 1.2mm, soak in 4% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes to remove impurities, and dry to a moisture content of 5%.

[0087] S42a. Prepare a compound bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage at a viable count ratio of 1:1, with a viable count concentration of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0088] S43a. Spray compound bacterial solution onto bamboo fiber. The amount of compound bacterial solution sprayed is 5% of the mass of bamboo fiber. Ferment at 35℃ and 60% humidity for 7 days, stirring once every 24 hours.

[0089] S44a is dried at 45℃ to a moisture content of 10% to obtain bacteria-laden bamboo fiber.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains comprises, by weight, 50 parts distiller's grains, 30 parts coconut coir, 10 parts perlite, 10 parts humic acid, 10 parts bamboo fiber with bacterial growth, and 0.6 parts ferric oxide granules, wherein the distiller's grains are baijiu (Chinese white liquor) distiller's grains.

[0092] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0093] S1. Ferment the distiller's grains and demagnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0094] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0095] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite, bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber and iron oxide particles to the three-dimensional mixer, mix at 25 rpm for 30 min, and add water and limestone during the mixing process to make the water content of the mixed matrix 37% and the pH value 6.5.

[0096] S5. Magnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0097] First, the iron oxide particles are demagnetized to prevent them from agglomerating during mixing. Then, the iron oxide particles uniformly mixed in the substrate are magnetized as a whole. With the appropriate humidity of the substrate, this method is suitable for cultivating seedlings and also keeps the magnetized iron oxide particles evenly in the substrate. The magnetized iron oxide particles can provide a uniform micro-magnetic field for the seedlings planted in the substrate, which is conducive to promoting the even growth of new roots around the main stem, while avoiding the problem of new roots growing only on one side, which would affect the nutrient absorption effect.

[0098] Preferably, the specific steps for fermentation treatment of distiller's grains include:

[0099] S11a. The distiller's grains are sterilized by irradiation using an electron beam at a dose of 3.5 kGy and a temperature of 40°C.

[0100] S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to 40%, add EM bacteria at 0.75% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 10 days, maintaining a temperature of 40℃ throughout the process. The EM bacteria include yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes in a live bacteria ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0101] First, the lees are sterilized and insect eggs are killed to provide a sterile environment for subsequent fermentation and improve the fermentation effect. Then, the humidity of the lees is adjusted to be suitable for fermentation. EM bacteria can be used to promote the full fermentation and decomposition of the lees.

[0102] Preferably, the demagnetization treatment step of the iron oxide particles includes,

[0103] S11b. Place the iron oxide particles in a demagnetizer and treat them for 4 minutes at a frequency of 1.3 Hz and a magnetic field strength of 2500 Oersted.

[0104] S12b: After processing, let stand for more than 10 minutes, and use a gaussmeter to detect the magnetic properties of the powder surface at multiple points. When the residual magnetic field strength is ≤0.5mT, demagnetization is complete; otherwise, skip to S11b.

[0105] The above steps can demagnetize iron oxide particles.

[0106] Preferably, the particle size of the iron oxide particles is 0.5 mm.

[0107] Preferably, the iron oxide is treated with the following steps before demagnetization:

[0108] S11c. Dissolve low-density polyethylene in xylene solvent to prepare a 12wt% low-density polyethylene solution.

[0109] S12c: Preheat the iron oxide particles to 90°C, put them into a fluidized bed, and disperse them by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 1.3 m / s.

[0110] S13c. At a fluidized bed temperature of 125℃, low-density polyethylene solution is sprayed at a rate of 3 mL / min per kilogram of iron oxide particles, with the total spray volume being 10% of the iron powder mass.

[0111] S14c. Maintain the inert gas flow rate and reduce the fluidized bed temperature to below 25°C at 5°C / min. Then, keep the iron oxide particles in the fluidized bed dispersed by jet spray for 35 minutes. Pass the coated iron oxide particles through a 20-mesh sieve. After sieving, individual iron oxide particles coated with plastic anti-rust layer are obtained. Alternatively, iron oxide particles with no cracks and uniform coating can be manually screened for later use.

[0112] The above process involves completely and uniformly coating the outer surface of the iron oxide (Fe3O4) particles with polyethylene. This aims to prevent further oxidation of the particles in the culture medium, ensuring magnetic stability after magnetization. It also prevents contamination of the culture medium by oxidized iron oxide particles, facilitates particle recovery, and allows the coated particles to release trace amounts of iron into the substrate for seedling absorption, thus promoting root development.

[0113] Preferably, the magnetization treatment method of the ferric oxide is as follows: the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 6000 Oersted, the pulse frequency is 4 times / s, and the duration is 75s.

[0114] The purpose of the above processing technology is to magnetize the iron oxide particles that are uniformly mixed in the matrix.

[0115] Preferably, the preparation steps of the mycotoxin-loaded bamboo fiber include the following:

[0116] S41a. Crush bamboo fiber to 1mm, soak in 3.5% hydrogen peroxide for 30min to remove impurities, and dry to a moisture content of 5%.

[0117] S42a. Prepare a compound bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage at a viable count ratio of 1:1, with a viable count concentration of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0118] S43a. Spray compound bacterial solution onto bamboo fiber. The amount of compound bacterial solution sprayed is 4% of the mass of bamboo fiber. Ferment at 33℃ and 57% humidity for 7 days, stirring once every 24 hours.

[0119] S44a is dried at 43℃ to a moisture content of 10% to obtain bacteria-laden bamboo fiber.

[0120] By leveraging the synergistic effect of the natural antibacterial properties of bamboo fiber and the biocontrol function of the loaded bacterial strains, the inhibitory ability against soil-borne pathogens is significantly enhanced. At the same time, the organic acids and auxins produced by the metabolism of the strains can promote the root development of seedlings, while the moisture absorption and air permeability of bamboo fiber provides a suitable microenvironment for the strains, extending the effective period of their function.

[0121] Comparative Example 1

[0122] The difference from Example 3 is as follows:

[0123] Replace 0.6 parts of iron oxide granules with 0.6 parts of bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber, and delete the processing steps related to the iron oxide granules. Details are as follows:

[0124] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains comprises, by weight, 50 parts distiller's grains, 30 parts coconut coir, 10 parts perlite, 10 parts humic acid, and 10.6 parts bamboo fiber for bacterial growth. The distiller's grains are baijiu (Chinese white liquor) lees.

[0125] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0126] S1. Ferment the distiller's grains and demagnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0127] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0128] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite and bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber to the three-dimensional mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 30 minutes. During the mixing process, add water and limestone to make the moisture content of the mixed matrix 37% and the pH value 6.5.

[0129] Preferably, the specific steps for fermentation treatment of distiller's grains include:

[0130] S11a. The distiller's grains are sterilized by irradiation using an electron beam at a dose of 3.5 kGy and a temperature of 40°C.

[0131] S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to 40%, add EM bacteria at 0.75% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 10 days, maintaining a temperature of 40℃ throughout the process. The EM bacteria include yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes in a live bacteria ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0132] Preferably, the preparation steps of the mycotoxin-loaded bamboo fiber include the following:

[0133] S41a. Crush bamboo fiber to 1mm, soak in 3.5% hydrogen peroxide for 30min to remove impurities, and dry to a moisture content of 5%.

[0134] S42a. Prepare a compound bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage at a viable count ratio of 1:1, with a viable count concentration of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0135] S43a. Spray compound bacterial solution onto bamboo fiber. The amount of compound bacterial solution sprayed is 4% of the mass of bamboo fiber. Ferment at 33℃ and 57% humidity for 7 days, stirring once every 24 hours.

[0136] S44a is dried at 43℃ to a moisture content of 10% to obtain bacteria-laden bamboo fiber.

[0137] Comparative Example 2

[0138] The difference from Example 3 is as follows:

[0139] Replace 10 parts of the mycotoxin-loaded bamboo fiber with 10 parts of iron oxide particles, and delete the processing steps related to the mycotoxin-loaded bamboo fiber. Details are as follows:

[0140] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains comprises, by weight, 50 parts distiller's grains, 30 parts coconut coir, 10 parts perlite, 10 parts humic acid, and 10.6 parts ferric oxide granules, wherein the distiller's grains are baijiu (Chinese white liquor) lees.

[0141] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0142] S1. Ferment the distiller's grains and demagnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0143] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0144] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite and iron oxide particles to the three-dimensional mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 30 min. Add water and limestone during the mixing process to make the water content of the mixed matrix 37% and the pH value 6.5.

[0145] S5. Magnetize the iron oxide particles.

[0146] Preferably, the specific steps for fermentation treatment of distiller's grains include:

[0147] S11a. The distiller's grains are sterilized by irradiation using an electron beam at a dose of 3.5 kGy and a temperature of 40°C.

[0148] S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to 40%, add EM bacteria at 0.75% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 10 days, maintaining a temperature of 40℃ throughout the process. The EM bacteria include yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes in a live bacteria ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0149] Preferably, the demagnetization treatment step of the iron oxide particles includes,

[0150] S11b. Place the iron oxide particles in a demagnetizer and treat them for 4 minutes at a frequency of 1.3 Hz and a magnetic field strength of 2500 Oersted.

[0151] S12b: After processing, let stand for more than 10 minutes, and use a gaussmeter to detect the magnetic properties of the powder surface at multiple points. When the residual magnetic field strength is ≤0.5mT, demagnetization is complete; otherwise, skip to S11b.

[0152] The above steps can demagnetize iron oxide particles.

[0153] Preferably, the particle size of the iron oxide particles is 0.5 mm.

[0154] Preferably, the iron oxide is treated with the following steps before demagnetization:

[0155] S11c. Dissolve low-density polyethylene in xylene solvent to prepare a 12wt% low-density polyethylene solution.

[0156] S12c: Preheat the iron oxide particles to 90°C, put them into a fluidized bed, and disperse them by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 1.3 m / s.

[0157] S13c. At a fluidized bed temperature of 125℃, low-density polyethylene solution is sprayed at a rate of 3 mL / min per kilogram of iron oxide particles, with the total spray volume being 10% of the iron powder mass.

[0158] S14c, Maintain the inert gas flow rate and reduce the fluidized bed temperature to below 25°C at 5°C / min. Then, keep the iron oxide particles dispersed by air jets in the fluidized bed for 35 minutes. Finally, pass the coated iron oxide particles through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0159] Preferably, the magnetization treatment method of the ferric oxide is as follows: the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 6000 Oersted, the pulse frequency is 4 times / s, and the duration is 75s.

[0160] Comparative Example 3

[0161] The difference from Example 3 is as follows:

[0162] Remove 0.6 parts of ferric oxide particles and 10 parts of bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber, and eliminate the related processing steps for ferric oxide particles and bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber. Details are as follows:

[0163] A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains, comprising by weight 50 parts distiller's grains, 30 parts coconut coir, 10 parts perlite, and 10 parts humic acid, wherein the distiller's grains are lees from baijiu (Chinese white liquor).

[0164] A process for preparing a distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps:

[0165] S1. Ferment the lees;

[0166] S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix.

[0167] S4. Add the initial mixed matrix and perlite to the three-dimensional mixer and mix at 25 rpm for 30 minutes. During the mixing process, add water and limestone to make the moisture content of the mixed matrix 37% and the pH value 6.5.

[0168] Preferably, the specific steps for fermentation treatment of distiller's grains include:

[0169] S11a. The distiller's grains are sterilized by irradiation using an electron beam at a dose of 3.5 kGy and a temperature of 40°C.

[0170] S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to 40%, add EM bacteria at 0.75% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 10 days, maintaining a temperature of 40℃ throughout the process. The EM bacteria include yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes in a live bacteria ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0171] Results of the planting trial:

[0172] Using the culture media prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3, and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, tomato seeds were planted in the six culture media. After 15 days of planting, the plant height was measured, and the culture media was removed for testing.

[0173] 1. Count the total number of lateral roots of tomatoes grown in the six culture media. In order to ensure the validity of the experiment, select 5 tomatoes in the same culture media, count the total number of lateral roots and take the average value.

[0174] 2. Also observe the growth direction of the tomato's lateral roots to determine whether the lateral roots grow evenly in all directions or whether the lateral roots grow unevenly with blank areas. Blank areas refer to lateral roots that do not extend into a certain spatial area.

[0175] 3. Randomly select 5 tomatoes from the same group, measure the plant height, and then take the average value. The measurement method for a single plant is to measure the distance from the ground of the culture medium to the tip of the highest leaf.

[0176] 4. Detect the average length of the main root and lateral roots of each group of tomatoes. First, randomly select 5 tomatoes in the same group, measure and calculate the average length of the main root and lateral roots of a single tomato, and then calculate the average length of the main root and lateral roots of the 5 tomatoes to reflect the validity of the data.

[0177] Please refer to the following results table for details:

[0178]

[0179]

[0180] The above test results show that none of the seedlings in Examples 1 to 3 exhibited root rot, further demonstrating their good air permeability.

[0181] The experimental results above show that in Comparative Example 1, replacing the iron oxide particles with fungicide-loaded bamboo fiber resulted in uneven lateral root growth with blank areas, and the number of lateral roots was small and slow, with slow growth of both the plant and the main root. In Comparative Example 2, replacing the fungicide-loaded bamboo fiber with iron oxide particles, although a uniform magnetic field could induce lateral roots to grow evenly in all directions, still resulted in small and slow lateral root growth, with slow growth of both the plant and the main root. In Comparative Example 3, removing both iron oxide particles and fungicide-loaded bamboo fiber resulted in uneven lateral root growth with blank areas, and the number of lateral roots was relatively small. Compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, this example has fewer lateral roots and shorter taproots, and its plant height is also significantly shorter. Compared to Examples 1 to 3, this example shows better growth height, lateral root extension, and lateral root length. Therefore, it can be concluded that the seedling substrate prepared by the reasonable component ratio and preparation process in Examples 1 to 3 can effectively promote the development and growth of seedling roots. In particular, the combination of magnetized iron oxide particles and bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber can work together to induce the root development and growth rate and direction to a greater extent.

[0182] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling substrate made from distiller's grains, characterized in that: By weight, it includes 40-60 parts of distiller's grains, 25-35 parts of coconut coir, 7-12 parts of perlite, 7-12 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of bacteria-bearing bamboo fiber, and 0.4-0.8 parts of ferric oxide granules. The preparation of the aforementioned distiller's grains seedling substrate includes the following steps: S1. Ferment the lees and demagnetize the iron oxide particles. S2. Add the distiller's grains, coconut coir and humic acid into a twin-shaft mixer and mix at 20-30 rpm for 20 minutes to form a preliminary mixed matrix. S3. Add the initial mixed matrix, perlite, bacteria-carrying bamboo fiber and iron oxide particles to the three-dimensional mixer, mix at 20-30 rpm for 30 minutes, and add water and limestone during the mixing process to make the water content of the mixed matrix 35-45% and the pH value 6.0-7.

0. S4. Magnetize the iron oxide particles.

2. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes 50 parts distiller's grains, 30 parts coconut coir, 10 parts perlite, 10 parts humic acid, 10 parts bamboo fiber with bacteria, and 0.6 parts iron oxide particles.

3. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lees mentioned are lees from baijiu (Chinese liquor).

4. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the fermentation treatment of the distiller's grains include, S11a. Use an electron beam to sterilize the distiller's grains by irradiation, with an irradiation dose of 2-5 kGy and a process temperature of ≤40℃. S12a. Adjust the moisture content of the lees to ≤40%, add EM bacteria at 0.5%-1% of the lees mass and mix well before fermentation. Ferment for 7-10 days, keeping the temperature ≤40℃ throughout the process.

5. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for demagnetizing the iron oxide particles include: S11b. Place the iron oxide particles in a demagnetizer and treat them for 3-5 minutes at a frequency of 0.5-2Hz and a magnetic field strength of 2000-3000 Oersted. S12b: After processing, let stand for more than 10 minutes, and use a gaussmeter to detect the magnetic properties of the powder surface at multiple points. When the residual magnetic field strength is ≤0.5mT, demagnetization is complete; otherwise, skip to S11b.

6. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the iron oxide particles is 0.4-0.6 mm.

7. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 5, characterized in that: The iron oxide is treated in the following steps before demagnetization. S11c: Dissolve low-density polyethylene in xylene solvent to prepare a 10-15 wt% low-density polyethylene solution. S12c: Preheat the iron oxide particles to 80-100℃, put them into a fluidized bed, and disperse them by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 1.2-1.5m / s. S13c, At a fluidized bed temperature of 120-130℃, spray low-density polyethylene solution at a rate of 2-4 mL / min per kilogram of iron oxide particles, with the total spray volume being 8-12% of the iron powder mass; S14c, Maintain an inert gas flow rate and reduce the fluidized bed temperature to below 25°C at 3-7°C / min. Then, keep the iron oxide particles dispersed by air jets in the fluidized bed for ≥30 minutes. Finally, pass the coated iron oxide particles through a 20-mesh sieve.

8. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetization treatment method of the Fe3O4 is as follows: the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 5000-7000 Oersted, the pulse frequency is 3-5 times / s, and the duration is 60-90s.

9. The seedling substrate made from distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber include the following: S41a. Crush bamboo fiber to 0.8-1.2mm, soak in 3-4% hydrogen peroxide for 30min to remove impurities, and dry to a moisture content ≤5%. S42a. Prepare a compound bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilage at a viable count ratio of 1:1, with a viable count concentration of ≥5×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; S43a. Spray compound bacterial solution onto bamboo fiber. The amount of compound bacterial solution sprayed is 3-5% of the mass of bamboo fiber. Ferment at 30-35℃ and 55-60% humidity for 7 days, stirring once every 24 hours. S44a, dried at 40-45℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%, to obtain bacteria-loaded bamboo fiber.

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