Style thunder-ironing sample layered splicing building block process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building technologies, material science and engineering and precision manufacturing and assembling, and discloses a style thunder-ironing sample layered building block splicing process which comprises the following specific use steps: S1, material pretreatment and tool preparation; s3, wall body layered splicing; S4, roof hard shell forming; S5, detail decoration and function integration; S6, detachable design implementation; according to the invention, precise manufacturing and multi-dimensional value improvement of an ancient building miniature model are realized through systematic innovation of a style thunder ironing sample layered splicing building block process; according to the technology, a bamboo paper / leather paper composite lamination technology is adopted, a light high-strength paperboard with the thickness of 3mm is formed, the structural stability of a wall and a roof is guaranteed, and the visual reality sense is enhanced by drawing details of a cinnabar door frame and a stone window lattice; and the chassis frame is combined with the clamping seat girdling structure through red pine tenon-and-mortise connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of construction technology, material science and engineering, and precision manufacturing and assembly technology, and specifically is a layered splicing building block process in a Leitang-style pattern. Background Art

[0002] This technique involves creating a scaled-down, removable three-dimensional model (a "hot sample") of a building through layering, assembly, and detailed decoration. Its purpose was to visually demonstrate the building's form, color, structure, and layout to the emperor and engineering staff, and to serve as a guide for construction. The name "hot sample" comes from the process of using a soldering iron to flatten and solidify the details.

[0003] The core contradiction of traditional Leitangxiang craftsmanship stems from a profound disconnect between the need for precision in traditional craftsmanship and the standardization of materials science and engineering. Paper-based materials have a much higher hygroscopic expansion rate (8%-12%) than wood, causing a 3mm cardboard laminate to experience 0.36mm axial deformation under humidity fluctuations, severely compromising the verticality of the wall. The radial shear strength of sorghum straw is only one-eighth its axial strength. After soaking and softening, the cutting accuracy deteriorates from ±0.1mm to ±0.5mm, creating stress coupling with the cardboard and causing a nonlinear widening of the joint gap. The disparity between manual precision and form specifications is particularly striking: Due to human physiological vibrations (0.2-0.3mm), the 5×2mm micro-mortise and tenon joints struggle to achieve the required 0.1mm accuracy. After three disassembly and assembly steps, the joint gap surges to 0.3mm. The curve of the hip roof must strictly adhere to the "lift-fold" ratio, but the temperature gradient during hot pressing of the cardboard causes uneven fiber shrinkage, resulting in a 2%-5% deviation in the roof's curvature. The difficulties of joining heterogeneous composite materials are equally severe: Bone glue shrinks by 15%-20% upon curing, creating microscopic pores at the cardboard-wood frame interface. When the glue layer thickness exceeds 0.1 mm, the shear strength drops sharply from 2.5 MPa to 0.8 MPa. The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between sorghum straw and red pine wood results in a 0.07 mm deformation difference at a 20°C temperature difference, increasing the risk of cracking in load-bearing areas by 40%. The trade-off between functional requirements and structural safety is also crucial: after 50 disassembly and assembly cycles, a 3-5 mm deep slot experiences plastic deformation of 0.3 mm due to metal fatigue, reducing friction to 30% of its initial value. While wax impregnation reduces water absorption from 15% to 3%, it creates a 0.2-0.5 mm protective layer, reducing the depth of the tile ridge burn marks from 2 mm to 1.2 mm, resulting in a 40% loss of artistic expression. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a layered splicing building block process in a style of Lei Tan to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a layered splicing building block process with a pattern of hot-stamping, and the specific steps of the process are as follows:

[0006] S1: Material pretreatment and tool preparation: Use bamboo paper or leather paper glued together to form 3mm thick cardboard for the walls and roof, process sorghum straw for the beams, and use red pine or white pine for the chassis frame. Use tools such as a knife, scissors, bone glue or fish bladder glue, a soldering iron, and wax blocks.

[0007] S2: Chassis frame production: A checkerboard chassis is made from red pine or white pine at a scale of 1 / 100 or 1 / 200. In later periods, a Sumeru pedestal with a waist band is used. The wood is connected by mortise and tenon joints. Cardboard is glued together and topographic patterns are painted on paper.

[0008] S3: Layered wall splicing: Cut cardboard according to the drawing, reserve doors and windows, and paint decorative brick joints and cinnabar door frames, use mortise and tenon joints, and extend the corbels 2mm each layer. Reinforce the gables with sorghum straw sheets.

[0009] S4: Roof shell molding: Carve a wooden mold according to the roof shape, cover it with bamboo paper, apply glue and laminate paper to form it, bake the tile ridges, and embed sorghum straw components;

[0010] S5: Detailed decoration and functional integration: cardboard imitation furniture with mortise and tenon joints, sorghum straw carving of rocks, cardboard cut trees painted green and blue to form a pool, and data marked on the bottom with a fine pen;

[0011] S6: Detachable design: The roof and wall are connected by slots, allowing for flexible removal of the beam frame; micro mortise and tenon joints made of sorghum straw cardboard ensure precision in assembly and disassembly;

[0012] S7: Post-processing and finished product inspection: The whole is waxed or oiled to prevent moisture, and fine sandpaper is used to refine the burrs. The structure is stable, the details are accurate, and the functions are intact to ensure that the hot sample is durable and has a high degree of restoration.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps of material pretreatment and tool preparation in S1 are as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Material pretreatment and basic forming

[0015] Cardboard preparation: Bamboo paper or leather paper is glued together with multiple layers of water glue and pressed into 2-3 mm thick hard cardboard for cutting the main structure of walls and roofs;

[0016] Sorghum straw processing: Select the smooth middle part of the sorghum stalk, peel it, soak it until it is soft, and cut it into imitation wood components;

[0017] Wood processing: Red pine or white pine is processed into the chassis frame, and the surface is polished smooth to ensure that the bonding surface with the cardboard is flat;

[0018] Step 2: Tool application and fine production

[0019] Cutting and shaping: Use a cluster knife to finely cut the outline of the cardboard and scissors to trim the edges; use a small iron to iron the cardboard surface to shape the curvature of the roof tiles;

[0020] Adhesion and fixation: Heat bone glue or fish bladder glue in water, apply it to the joints of cardboard, sorghum straw and wood, and press to fix the structure;

[0021] Detail carving: Using sorghum straw as the raw material, use a cluster knife to carve ridge beasts and dripping micro components, and glue them to the designated position on the roof;

[0022] Step 3: Shaping and waterproofing

[0023] Overall shaping: Cover the roof shell on the mold, iron it twice with a soldering iron to ensure the tile ridges are of uniform depth, and apply wax to the seams to reinforce them;

[0024] Waterproof protection: soak the finished product in wax oil or apply tung oil, focusing on the connection between the cardboard and the sorghum straw to enhance durability;

[0025] Functional inspection: Check whether the detachable parts are smooth, confirm that the engineering information is clearly marked, and complete the final debugging.

[0026] Preferably, the chassis frame production in S2 refers to calculating the chassis size according to the building proportions, making a checkerboard-shaped plane frame with red pine or white pine, and evolving into a Sumeru-style chassis in the later period and adding a waist structure to enhance load-bearing and stability; the wood is connected by mortise and tenon joints, and the cardboard and the wooden frame are glued with bone glue or fish bladder glue to ensure that the chassis is flat and stable; after the surface is pasted with paper, the contour lines and water system terrain patterns are carefully drawn, which not only strengthens the waterproofness of the structure, but also intuitively presents the characteristics of the building environment.

[0027] Preferably, the specific steps of layered wall splicing in S3 are as follows:

[0028] Step 1: Cardboard basic forming and vertical splicing

[0029] Precision cutting and pre-processing: Cut the cardboard according to the design proportions, reserve the location of the door and window openings, and use a fine brush to draw the brick joints and stone base patterns on the surface, or use cinnabar to dye the door frame and stone blue to depict the window lattice to enhance the visual realism;

[0030] Mortise and tenon structure connection: grooves are carved at the vertical joints of the cardboard, and seamless vertical splicing is achieved through slot engagement to ensure the flatness of the wall facade;

[0031] Step 2: Antique-style stacking and load-bearing reinforcement

[0032] The overlapping corbel technique simulates masonry: starting from the bottom of the wall, cardboard is projected 2 mm layer by layer, and the ancient brick and stone masonry craft is simulated by step-by-step stacking to form a layered cornice or base;

[0033] Strengthening treatment of special parts: For the load-bearing area of ​​the gable, thin wooden boards are used instead of cardboard, and sorghum straw frames are embedded inside as support, which are fixed with glue to improve structural stability.

[0034] Preferably, the roof hard shell forming in S4 refers to carving a wooden mold according to the roof shape and polishing it to provide a benchmark for roof forming; applying bamboo paper soaked in water to soften it to the surface of the mold, stacking 3-5 layers of leather paper coated with water glue layer by layer, using the tension of paper fibers and the curing of glue to form a hard shell, and obtaining a lightweight and high-strength roof skeleton after drying and demoulding; then using an iron to iron the tile ridges and indentations to shape the roof texture, using sorghum straw to carve drips and ridge beast components, and gluing and assembling them at designated positions on the roof to complete the three-dimensional reproduction of the traditional architectural form.

[0035] Preferably, the specific steps of integrating detail decoration with functions in S5 are as follows:

[0036] Step 1: Production and arrangement of interior furnishings

[0037] Miniature furniture molding: Cut cardboard according to the design drawings to make bed and screen parts, and assemble them into miniature furniture through mortise and tenon joints or gluing;

[0038] Fixing and adjustment: Use glue to fix the assembled furniture to the preset position indoors to ensure it is stable and without shaking;

[0039] Step 2: Create an external environment

[0040] Mountain carving: Take the middle section of sorghum stalks, carve natural textures and polish them, then glue them to the model base to simulate the mountain;

[0041] Vegetation production: Cut cardboard into tree outlines, paint with malachite green, and insert wire into the ground as branches; cut blue-dyed cardboard into wavy shapes and glue them together to form a pool;

[0042] Step 3: Project Information Labeling

[0043] Locate hidden areas: select the marking location at the bottom edge of the model or in the structural interlayer;

[0044] Data engraving: Use a wolf-hair brush dipped in ink to mark the proportions, materials, and construction date in regular script, ensuring that the handwriting is fine and clear.

[0045] Preferably, the detachable design in S6 is implemented by the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Reserve active parts

[0047] Slot design and production: reserve concave and convex slots at the connection between the roof and the wall, carve grooves on the edge of the roof, corresponding to the convex top of the wall, and control the depth to 3-5 mm;

[0048] Flexible access verification: After completing the slots, test installation to ensure that the roof can be removed smoothly, exposing the internal beam structure, and then re-inserting and fixing;

[0049] Step 2: Making the connector

[0050] Micro-mortise and tenon processing: Take sorghum straw or cardboard, cut it into tenons and mortises with a length of 5 mm and a width of 2 mm, and use a carving knife to finely trim the edges and corners;

[0051] Precision verification: Test-fit the mortise and tenon joint to ensure that the friction is moderate and that the 0.1 mm docking accuracy can still be maintained after disassembly three times.

[0052] Preferably, the steps of post-processing and finished product inspection in S7 are as follows:

[0053] Step 1: Waterproofing

[0054] Waxing / oiling: Soak the assembled sample in melted wax for 30 seconds, or apply tung oil twice evenly with a soft brush to ensure that the wooden frame and the cardboard surface are completely soaked;

[0055] Draining and curing: Hang the sample vertically until no oil drips, and place it in a cool place for 48 hours to allow the protective layer to fully cure and form a waterproof film;

[0056] Step 2: Polishing and finishing

[0057] Edge finishing: Use 800-grit fine sandpaper to gently sand along the contours of the model, focusing on the mortise and tenon joints and the cardboard stacking, until it feels smooth and burr-free;

[0058] Detailed inspection: Use a handheld magnifying glass to check the ridge marks and sorghum straw component textures, and use a carving knife to correct minor flaws to ensure consistent surface finish;

[0059] Step 3: Comprehensive inspection

[0060] Structural stability test: Use the tip of your thumb to gently press the center of the roof for ten seconds to observe whether the beams are deformed. The maximum deformation must be less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0061] Detail precision check: Use a vernier caliper to measure the height of doors and windows, and the spacing between tile ridges. The error must be controlled within plus or minus 0.2 mm, and then compared with the design drawing to confirm that they are correct;

[0062] Functional integrity verification: repeatedly disassemble and assemble movable parts five times to check the tightness of the mortise and tenon joints; tilt the model at a 15-degree angle to confirm that the engineering markings are not blurred or fallen off.

[0063] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0064] The present invention realizes the precision production and multi-dimensional value enhancement of ancient building miniature models through systematic innovation of the style of Lei Tan-like layered splicing building block process; the process adopts bamboo paper / leather paper composite lamination technology to form a three-millimeter-thick lightweight high-strength cardboard, which not only ensures the stability of the wall and roof structure, but also enhances the visual realism through the details such as cinnabar door frames and stone blue window lattices; the chassis frame is connected with red pine wood mortise and tenon joints combined with the Xumi pedestal waist structure, and the cardboard gluing and terrain pattern drawing are combined to realize the integrated presentation of the architectural environment. , increasing load-bearing capacity; the wall splicing utilizes the overlapping corbel technique, projecting two millimeters per layer, simulating the effect of brickwork. Thin wooden planks and sorghum straw frames are used for composite reinforcement to overcome the load-bearing limitations of paper materials. The roof shell is shaped using wooden molds and laminated with four layers of parchment paper. The curvature of the tile ridges is achieved with a soldering iron to millimeter-level precision, while sorghum straw components are carved to achieve a three-dimensional reproduction of details such as ridge beasts and drips. The detachable design uses five-millimeter-deep slots and micro-mortise and tenon joints to achieve repeated assembly and disassembly, balancing displayability and structural safety. Post-processing uses wax impregnation and tung oil painting for dual protection, enhancing the model's water resistance. 800-grit sandpaper finishing and vernier caliper calibration ensure surface finish and dimensional accuracy. This process transcends the limitations of traditional handcrafting, forming a technical system for ancient building restoration that integrates materials science, structural engineering, and artistic expression, providing a tangible, three-dimensional blueprint for cultural heritage protection, teaching, and research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall use process structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a layered splicing building block process with a style of Leitang. The specific steps of the process are as follows:

[0068] S1: Material pretreatment and tool preparation: Use bamboo paper or leather paper glued together to form 2-3 mm thick cardboard for the walls and roof, process sorghum straw for the beams, and use red pine or white pine for the chassis frame. Tools include a knife, scissors, bone glue or fish bladder glue, a soldering iron, and wax blocks.

[0069] S2: Chassis frame production: A checkerboard chassis is made from red pine or white pine at a scale of 1 / 100 or 1 / 200. In later periods, a Sumeru pedestal with a waist band is used. The wood is connected by mortise and tenon joints. Cardboard is glued together and topographic patterns are painted on paper.

[0070] S3: Layered wall splicing: Cut cardboard according to the drawing, reserve doors and windows, and paint decorative brick joints and cinnabar door frames, use mortise and tenon joints, and extend the corbels 1-2 mm each layer. Strengthen the gables by embedding sorghum straw sheets.

[0071] S4: Roof shell molding: Carve a wooden mold according to the roof shape, cover it with bamboo paper, apply glue and laminate paper to form it, bake the tile ridges, and embed sorghum straw components;

[0072] S5: Detailed decoration and functional integration: cardboard imitation furniture with mortise and tenon joints, sorghum straw carving of rocks, cardboard cut trees painted green and blue to form a pool, and data marked on the bottom with a fine pen;

[0073] S6: Detachable design: The roof and wall are connected by slots, allowing for flexible removal of the beam frame; micro mortise and tenon joints made of sorghum straw cardboard ensure precision in assembly and disassembly;

[0074] S7: Post-processing and finished product inspection: The whole is waxed or oiled to prevent moisture, and fine sandpaper is used to refine the burrs. The structure is stable, the details are accurate, and the functions are intact to ensure that the hot sample is durable and has a high degree of restoration.

[0075] The specific steps of material pretreatment and tool preparation in S1 are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: Material pretreatment and basic forming

[0077] Cardboard preparation: Bamboo paper or leather paper is glued together with multiple layers of water glue and pressed into 2-3 mm thick hard cardboard for cutting the main structure of walls and roofs;

[0078] Sorghum straw processing: Select the smooth middle part of the sorghum stalk, peel it, soak it until it is soft, and cut it into imitation wood components (such as beams and rafters);

[0079] Wood processing: Red pine or white pine is processed into the chassis frame, and the surface is polished smooth to ensure that the bonding surface with the cardboard is flat;

[0080] Step 2: Tool application and fine production

[0081] Cutting and shaping: Use a cluster knife to finely cut the outline of the cardboard and scissors to trim the edges; use a small iron to iron the cardboard surface to shape the curvature of the roof tiles;

[0082] Adhesion and fixation: Heat bone glue or fish bladder glue in water, apply it to the joints of cardboard, sorghum straw and wood, and press to fix the structure;

[0083] Detail carving: Using sorghum straw as the raw material, use a cluster knife to carve ridge beasts, dripping water and other micro components, and glue them to the designated position on the roof;

[0084] Step 3: Shaping and waterproofing

[0085] Overall shaping: Cover the roof shell on the mold, iron it twice with a soldering iron to ensure the tile ridges are of uniform depth, and apply wax to the seams to reinforce them;

[0086] Waterproof protection: soak the finished product in wax oil or apply tung oil, focusing on the connection between the cardboard and the sorghum straw to enhance durability;

[0087] Functional inspection: Check whether the detachable parts (such as movable roof) are smooth, confirm that the project information is clearly marked, and complete the final debugging.

[0088] Material pretreatment and tool preparation, through scientific processes and meticulous operation, lay a solid foundation for the production of ancient building models. Cardboard multi-layer composite technology gives the main structure its lightweight and high strength. Sorghum straw imitation wood components restore traditional forms while breaking through material limitations. Tool application involves the coordinated use of a cluster knife and soldering iron to achieve millimeter-level precision shaping, while bone glue bonding ensures structural stability. Waterproofing, through dual protection through wax impregnation and tung oil application, significantly enhances durability. Finally, functional testing, through the debugging of removable components and verification of engineering information, ensures that the model has both educational demonstration and process research value, fully showcasing the wisdom of ancient architectural construction.

[0089] Among them, the chassis frame production in S2 refers to calculating the chassis size according to the building ratio (1 / 100 or 1 / 200), making a checkerboard-style plane frame with red pine or white pine, and later evolving into a Sumeru-style chassis with an additional waist structure to enhance load-bearing and stability; mortise and tenon joints are used between the wood materials, and the cardboard and the wooden frame are glued with bone glue or fish bladder glue to ensure that the chassis is flat and stable; after the surface is pasted with paper, contour lines, water systems and other terrain patterns are carefully drawn, which not only enhances the waterproofness of the structure, but also intuitively presents the characteristics of the architectural environment.

[0090] The chassis frame combines scientific design with traditional craftsmanship to achieve precise load-bearing and environmental reproduction of the architectural model. The red pine frame, connected with mortise and tenon joints and fitted with a waist-corseted structure, significantly enhances load-bearing capacity and stability, ensuring the stability of the large-scale architectural model. The cardboard and wood frame are glued together to ensure flatness while achieving lightweight requirements. Contour lines and water patterns are drawn on the surface with paper, creating a waterproof protective layer and visually depicting the spatial relationship between the building and the terrain. This ensures that the chassis combines functionality with realistic scene reproduction, providing a solid and expressive foundation for the ancient architectural miniature model.

[0091] The specific steps for layered wall splicing in S3 are as follows:

[0092] Step 1: Cardboard basic forming and vertical splicing

[0093] Precision cutting and pre-processing: Cut the cardboard according to the design proportions, reserve the location of the door and window openings, and use a fine brush to draw the brick joints and stone base patterns on the surface, or use cinnabar to dye the door frame and stone blue to depict the window lattice to enhance the visual realism;

[0094] Mortise and tenon structure connection: grooves are carved at the vertical joints of the cardboard, and seamless vertical splicing is achieved through slot engagement to ensure the flatness of the wall facade;

[0095] Step 2: Antique-style stacking and load-bearing reinforcement

[0096] The stacking technique simulates masonry: starting from the bottom of the wall, the cardboard is projected 1-2 mm layer by layer, and the ancient brick and stone masonry craft is simulated by step-by-step stacking to form a layered eaves or base;

[0097] Strengthening treatment of special parts: For load-bearing areas such as gables, thin wooden boards are used instead of cardboard, and sorghum straw frames are embedded inside as supports, which are fixed with glue to improve structural stability.

[0098] The layered wall splicing process, integrating scientific design with traditional techniques, achieves precise architectural restoration and structural reinforcement. Cardboard foundation molding combined with mortise and tenon joints ensures precise door and window positioning and a uniform facade. Brick joint painting and mineral pigment application also highly recreate the texture of the ancient building. The corbel technique, with millimeter-level precision, simulates the rhythm of ancient brick masonry, imbuing the eaves and base with a natural sense of layering. Thin wood panels and sorghum straw framework are used for composite reinforcement in load-bearing areas, overcoming the limitations of paper materials. This ensures the model is both aesthetically pleasing and structurally stable, providing a tangible, three-dimensional specimen for ancient architectural research.

[0099] Among them, the roof hard shell forming in S4 refers to carving a wooden mold according to the roof shape (hip roof, gable roof, etc.) and polishing it to provide a benchmark for roof forming; applying bamboo paper soaked in water to soften it to the surface of the mold, stacking 3-5 layers of leather paper coated with water glue layer by layer, and using the tension of paper fibers and the solidification of glue to form a hard shell, which is then dried and demoulded to obtain a lightweight and high-strength roof skeleton; then using a soldering iron to iron the indentations of the tile ridges to shape the roof texture, using sorghum straw to carve drips, ridge beasts and other components, and gluing and assembling them at designated positions on the roof to complete the three-dimensional reproduction of the traditional architectural form.

[0100] The roof's monocoque molding process, through scientific mold making and material innovation, achieves precise reproduction and structural optimization of traditional architectural forms. Wooden molds ensure the standardization of hip-and-gable roof forms, such as those of hipped roofs and gabled roofs. A composite lamination technique of bamboo paper and leather paper utilizes the tension of paper fibers and the curing of glue to form a lightweight, high-strength framework, preserving the essence of traditional large-scale carpentry while transcending material limitations. Iron-staining patterns and sorghum straw carving techniques meticulously capture the rhythm of tile ridges and the spirit of ridge beasts, ensuring that the microscopic model combines structural rationality with architectural artistic expression, providing a tangible, three-dimensional blueprint for the study of ancient architecture.

[0101] The specific steps of integrating detail decoration and functions in S5 are as follows:

[0102] Step 1: Production and arrangement of interior furnishings

[0103] Miniature furniture molding: Cut cardboard according to the design drawings to make parts such as beds and screens, and assemble them into miniature furniture through mortise and tenon joints or gluing;

[0104] Fixing and adjustment: Use glue to fix the assembled furniture to the preset position indoors to ensure it is stable and without shaking;

[0105] Step 2: Create an external environment

[0106] Mountain carving: Take the middle section of sorghum stalks, carve natural textures and polish them, then glue them to the model base to simulate the mountain;

[0107] Vegetation production: Cut cardboard into tree outlines, paint with malachite green, and insert wire into the ground as branches; cut blue-dyed cardboard into wavy shapes and glue them together to form a pool;

[0108] Step 3: Project Information Labeling

[0109] Locate hidden areas: select the marking location at the bottom edge of the model or in the structural interlayer;

[0110] Data engraving: Use a wolf-hair brush dipped in ink to mark the proportions, materials, and construction date in regular script, ensuring that the handwriting is fine and clear.

[0111] Detailed decoration and functional integration achieve a harmonious balance between the model's artistry and practicality through a three-pronged approach: The interior furnishings utilize cardboard mortise-and-tenon furniture to recreate a living scene, secured with bone glue for stable display and removable functionality. The exterior utilizes sorghum straw, rocks, and cardboard vegetation to create an ecological landscape, while malachite green paint and indigo-dyed pools enhance visual depth, maintaining an overall harmony between traditional materials and craftsmanship. Concealed engineering data is inscribed in regular script, providing both construction guidance and a clean appearance. This design system transforms the model into a visually observable, measurable, and teachable three-dimensional blueprint, seamlessly integrating architectural form, ecological conservation, and engineering information at a microscopic scale, balancing the value of cultural relic restoration with modern exhibition functionality.

[0112] The steps for implementing the detachable design in S6 are as follows:

[0113] Step 1: Reserve active parts

[0114] Slot design and production: reserve concave and convex slots at the connection between the roof and the wall, carve grooves on the edge of the roof, corresponding to the convex top of the wall, and control the depth to 3-5 mm;

[0115] Flexible access verification: After completing the slots, test installation to ensure that the roof can be removed smoothly, exposing the internal beam structure, and then re-inserting and fixing;

[0116] Step 2: Making the connector

[0117] Micro-mortise and tenon processing: Take sorghum straw or cardboard, cut it into tenons and mortises with a length of 5 mm and a width of 2 mm, and use a carving knife to finely trim the edges and corners;

[0118] Precision verification: Test-fit the mortise and tenon joint to ensure that the friction is moderate and that the 0.1 mm docking accuracy can still be maintained after disassembly three times.

[0119] The detachable design, through precisely reserved slots and micro-mortise and tenon joints, enables flexible disassembly and reassembly of model components. The 3-5 mm concave and convex slots between the roof and the wall ensure structural stability while facilitating roof removal to inspect the internal beams, greatly enhancing the model's operability and presentation. Micro-mortise and tenon joints are meticulously crafted from sorghum stalks or cardboard, with a length of five millimeters and a width of two millimeters, ensuring a precise fit of 0.1 millimeters, ensuring a seamless fit even after three disassemblies. This design not only facilitates teaching demonstrations and detailed maintenance, but also extends the model's overall lifespan through its modular structure, combining practicality with innovation.

[0120] The steps of the S7 post-processing and finished product inspection are as follows:

[0121] Step 1: Waterproofing

[0122] Waxing / oiling: Soak the assembled sample in melted wax for 30 seconds, or apply tung oil twice evenly with a soft brush to ensure that the wooden frame and the cardboard surface are completely soaked;

[0123] Draining and curing: Hang the sample vertically until no oil drips, and place it in a cool place for 48 hours to allow the protective layer to fully cure and form a waterproof film;

[0124] Step 2: Polishing and finishing

[0125] Edge finishing: Use 800-grit fine sandpaper to gently sand along the contours of the model, focusing on the mortise and tenon joints and the cardboard stacking, until it feels smooth and burr-free;

[0126] Detailed inspection: Use a handheld magnifying glass to check the ridge marks and sorghum straw component textures, and use a carving knife to correct minor flaws to ensure consistent surface finish;

[0127] Step 3: Comprehensive inspection

[0128] Structural stability test: Use the tip of your thumb to gently press the center of the roof for ten seconds to observe whether the beams are deformed. The maximum deformation must be less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0129] Detail precision check: Use a vernier caliper to measure the height of doors and windows, and the spacing between tile ridges. The error must be controlled within plus or minus 0.2 mm, and then compared with the design drawing to confirm that they are correct;

[0130] Functional integrity verification: repeatedly disassemble and assemble movable parts five times to check the tightness of the mortise and tenon joints; tilt the model at a 15-degree angle to confirm that the engineering markings are not blurred or fallen off.

[0131] The post-processing and finished product inspection process significantly improves the quality of the ironing samples through refined operations: waterproof treatment forms a durable protective layer to effectively resist moisture erosion; polishing and finishing eliminates defects to ensure a smooth surface and a rounded touch; the triple inspection system ensures quality from multiple dimensions of structural stability, detail accuracy, and functional integrity, so that the model deformation is ≤0.5mm and the dimensional error is ≤±0.2mm. The movable parts still maintain accuracy after five disassembly and assembly, and the engineering information is still clearly visible at a 15° tilt, ultimately presenting a high-quality model that combines artistic restoration and engineering practicality.

[0132] Example:

[0133] The entire process of making the Forbidden City corner tower pattern

[0134] Material pretreatment and tool preparation

[0135] Bamboo paper is pressed into 3mm thick cardboard through five layers of water glue, and then cut into wall and roof base materials; sorghum straw is peeled and soaked, then cut into imitation wood beam components; red pine wood is processed into a 1 / 100 scale chassis frame, and the surface is polished smooth.

[0136] Tool configuration: A cluster knife is used to cut the outline of the cardboard, a soldering iron is used to iron the curvature of the tile ridges, bone glue is heated in water to bond the joints between the cardboard and sorghum straw, and a wolf hair brush is dipped in ink to mark the engineering data.

[0137] Chassis frame production

[0138] The Sumeru pedestal chassis is made in a 1 / 100 scale, with red pine wood mortise and tenon joints connected to form a checkerboard frame, and a waist structure to enhance the load-bearing capacity; the cardboard and wooden frame are bonded with fish bladder glue, and the surface is pasted with paper and then contour lines and Jinshui River patterns are drawn to form a waterproof terrain base.

[0139] Wall layered splicing

[0140] Door and window openings are reserved on cardboard according to the design drawings, with door frames painted with cinnabar and window lattices painted with azurite; mortise and tenon grooves are carved at vertical joints to achieve seamless fit; thin wooden boards are used to reinforce the gable area by embedding sorghum straw frames, and the corbel technique is used to extend 1.5 mm layer by layer to simulate a brick base.

[0141] Roof shell molding

[0142] A wooden mold is carved according to the shape of a hip roof, covered with bamboo paper, brushed with glue and stacked with four layers of leather paper. After drying and demoulding, a lightweight roof skeleton is formed; the tile ridges are ironed twice to a depth of 2 mm, and ridge beasts and drip components are carved from sorghum straw and glued to the eaves.

[0143] Detail decoration and functional integration

[0144] Interior furnishings: miniature furniture assembled with cardboard mortise and tenon joints, fixed in preset positions with bone glue; exterior environment: Taihu stone carved from sorghum straw, pine and cypress cut from cardboard painted with malachite green, and blue-dyed cardboard pasted together to form a moat; a hidden area on the bottom is engraved with regular script "Made in the 30th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty" and proportional data.

[0145] Detachable design implementation

[0146] 3mm concave and convex slots are reserved on the roof and walls for trial installation to ensure smooth placement and removal; micro mortise and tenon joints are cut from sorghum straw into 5×2mm specifications, and the trial installation verifies that the 0.1mm level docking accuracy is still maintained after three disassembly and assembly.

[0147] Post-processing and finished product inspection

[0148] Waterproofing: Soak the entire roof in wax oil for 40 seconds, focusing on reinforcing the joints between the cardboard and the sorghum straw; Polishing and finishing: Use 800-grit sandpaper to fine-tune the mortise and tenon joints, and use a magnifying glass to check the tile ridge marks; Comprehensive inspection: Lightly press the center of the roof with your thumb to adjust the deformation by 0.3 mm, use a vernier caliper to measure the tile ridge spacing error by ±0.15 mm, repeatedly disassemble and assemble the movable roof five times to confirm that the mortise and tenon joints are of appropriate tightness, and the engineering markings are clear and not blurred at a 15° tilt.

[0149] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0150] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The layered splicing building block process is characterized by: The specific steps of this process are as follows: S1: Material pretreatment and tool preparation: Use bamboo paper or leather paper glued together to form 3mm thick cardboard for the walls and roof, process sorghum straw for the beams, and use red pine or white pine for the chassis frame. Use tools such as a knife, scissors, bone glue or fish bladder glue, a soldering iron, and wax blocks. S2: Chassis frame production: A checkerboard chassis is made from red pine or white pine at a scale of 1 / 100 or 1 / 200. In later periods, a Sumeru pedestal with a waist band is used. The wood is connected by mortise and tenon joints. Cardboard is glued together and topographic patterns are painted on paper. S3: Layered wall splicing: Cut cardboard according to the drawing, reserve doors and windows, and paint decorative brick joints and cinnabar door frames, use mortise and tenon joints, and extend the corbels 2mm each layer. Reinforce the gables with sorghum straw sheets. S4: Roof shell molding: Carve a wooden mold according to the roof shape, cover it with bamboo paper, apply glue and laminate paper to form it, bake the tile ridges, and embed sorghum straw components; S5: Detailed decoration and functional integration: cardboard imitation furniture with mortise and tenon joints, sorghum straw carving of rocks, cardboard cut trees painted green and blue to shape a pool, and fine pen marking of data on the bottom; S6: Detachable design: The roof and wall are connected by slots, allowing for flexible removal of the beam frame; micro mortise and tenon joints made of sorghum straw cardboard ensure precision in assembly and disassembly; S7: Post-processing and finished product inspection: The whole is waxed or oiled to prevent moisture, and fine sandpaper is used to refine the burrs. The structure is stable, the details are accurate, and the functions are intact to ensure that the hot sample is durable and has a high degree of restoration.

2. The pattern-like layered splicing building block process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of material pretreatment and tool preparation in S1 are as follows: Step 1: Material pretreatment and basic forming Cardboard preparation: Bamboo paper or leather paper is glued together with multiple layers of water glue and pressed into 2-3 mm thick hard cardboard for cutting the main structure of walls and roofs; Sorghum straw processing: Select the smooth middle part of the sorghum stalk, peel it, soak it until it is soft, and cut it into imitation wood components; Wood processing: Red pine or white pine is processed into the chassis frame, and the surface is polished smooth to ensure that the bonding surface with the cardboard is flat; Step 2: Tool application and fine production Cutting and shaping: Use a cluster knife to finely cut the outline of the cardboard and scissors to trim the edges; use a small iron to iron the cardboard surface to shape the curvature of the roof tiles; Adhesion and fixation: Heat bone glue or fish bladder glue in water, apply it to the joints of cardboard, sorghum straw and wood, and press to fix the structure; Detail carving: Using sorghum straw as the raw material, use a cluster knife to carve ridge beasts and dripping micro components, and glue them to the designated position on the roof; Step 3: Shaping and waterproofing Overall shaping: Cover the roof shell on the mold, iron it twice with a soldering iron to ensure the tile ridges are of uniform depth, and apply wax to the seams to reinforce them; Waterproof protection: soak the finished product in wax oil or apply tung oil, focusing on the connection between the cardboard and the sorghum straw to enhance durability; Functional inspection: Check whether the detachable parts are smooth, confirm that the engineering information is clearly marked, and complete the final debugging.

3. The layered building block process according to claim 1 is characterized by: The chassis frame production in S2 refers to calculating the chassis size according to the building proportions and making a checkerboard-style plane frame with red pine or white pine. In the later period, it evolved into a Xumi-style chassis with an additional waist structure to enhance load-bearing and stability. The wood is connected with mortise and tenon joints, and the cardboard and wooden frame are bonded with bone glue or fish bladder glue to ensure that the chassis is flat and stable; after the surface is pasted with paper, the contour lines and water terrain patterns are carefully drawn, which not only strengthens the waterproofness of the structure, but also intuitively presents the characteristics of the architectural environment.

4. The pattern-like layered splicing building block process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps for layered wall splicing in S3 are as follows: Step 1: Cardboard basic forming and vertical splicing Precision cutting and pre-processing: Cut the cardboard according to the design proportions, reserve the location of the door and window openings, and use a fine brush to draw the brick joints and stone base patterns on the surface, or use cinnabar to dye the door frame and stone blue to depict the window lattice to enhance the visual realism; Mortise and tenon structure connection: grooves are carved at the vertical joints of the cardboard, and seamless vertical splicing is achieved through slot engagement to ensure the flatness of the wall facade; Step 2: Antique-style stacking and load-bearing reinforcement The overlapping corbel technique simulates masonry: starting from the bottom of the wall, cardboard is projected 2 mm layer by layer, and the ancient brick and stone masonry craft is simulated by step-by-step stacking to form a layered cornice or base; Strengthening treatment of special parts: For the load-bearing area of ​​the gable, thin wooden boards are used instead of cardboard, and sorghum straw frames are embedded inside as support, which are fixed with glue to improve structural stability.

5. The pattern-like layered splicing building block process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The roof hard shell forming in S4 refers to the process of finely carving a wooden mold according to the roof shape and polishing it to provide a benchmark for roof forming; applying bamboo paper soaked in water to soften it to the surface of the mold, stacking 3-5 layers of leather paper coated with water-based glue layer by layer, and using the tension of the paper fibers and the curing of the glue to form a hard shell, which is then aired and demoulded to obtain a lightweight and high-strength roof skeleton; then, using a soldering iron to iron the indentations of the tile ridges to shape the roof texture, and using sorghum straw to carve drips and ridge beast components, which are then assembled at designated locations on the roof through gluing to complete the three-dimensional reproduction of the traditional architectural form.

6. The pattern-like layered splicing building block process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of integrating detail decoration and functions in S5 are as follows: Step 1: Production and arrangement of interior furnishings Miniature furniture molding: Cut cardboard according to the design drawings to make bed and screen parts, and assemble them into miniature furniture through mortise and tenon joints or gluing; Fixing and adjustment: Use glue to fix the assembled furniture to the preset position indoors to ensure it is stable and without shaking; Step 2: Create an external environment Mountain carving: Take the middle section of sorghum stalks, carve natural textures and polish them, then glue them to the model base to simulate the mountain; Vegetation production: Cut cardboard into tree outlines, paint with malachite green, and insert wire into the ground as branches; cut blue-dyed cardboard into wavy shapes and glue them together to form a pool; Step 3: Project Information Labeling Locate hidden areas: select the marking location at the bottom edge of the model or in the structural interlayer; Data engraving: Use a wolf-hair brush dipped in ink to mark the proportions, materials, and construction date in regular script, ensuring that the handwriting is fine and clear.

7. The pattern-like layered splicing building block process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps for implementing the detachable design of S6 are as follows: Step 1: Reserve active parts Slot design and production: reserve concave and convex slots at the connection between the roof and the wall, carve grooves on the edge of the roof, corresponding to the convex top of the wall, and control the depth to 3-5 mm; Flexible access verification: After completing the slots, test installation to ensure that the roof can be removed smoothly, exposing the internal beam structure, and then re-inserting and fixing; Step 2: Making the connector Micro-mortise and tenon processing: Take sorghum straw or cardboard, cut it into tenons and mortises with a length of 5 mm and a width of 2 mm, and use a carving knife to finely trim the edges and corners; Precision verification: Test-fit the mortise and tenon joint to ensure that the friction is moderate and that the 0.1 mm docking accuracy can still be maintained after disassembly three times.

8. The pattern-like layered splicing building block process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of the S7 post-processing and finished product inspection are as follows: Step 1: Waterproofing Waxing / oiling: Soak the assembled sample in melted wax for 30 seconds, or apply tung oil twice evenly with a soft brush to ensure that the wooden frame and the cardboard surface are completely soaked; Draining and curing: Hang the sample vertically until no oil drips, and place it in a cool place for 48 hours to allow the protective layer to fully cure and form a waterproof film; Step 2: Polishing and finishing Edge finishing: Use 800-grit fine sandpaper to gently sand along the contours of the model, focusing on the mortise and tenon joints and the cardboard stacking, until it feels smooth and burr-free; Detailed inspection: Use a handheld magnifying glass to check the ridge marks and sorghum straw component textures, and use a carving knife to correct minor flaws to ensure consistent surface finish; Step 3: Comprehensive inspection Structural stability test: Use the tip of your thumb to gently press the center of the roof for ten seconds to observe whether the beams are deformed. The maximum deformation must be less than or equal to 0.5 mm. Detail precision check: Use a vernier caliper to measure the height of doors and windows, and the spacing between tile ridges. The error must be controlled within plus or minus 0.2 mm, and then compared with the design drawing to confirm that they are correct; Functional integrity verification: repeatedly disassemble and assemble movable parts five times to check the tightness of the mortise and tenon joints; tilt the model at a 15-degree angle to confirm that the engineering markings are not blurred or fallen off.

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