Coil shielding structure for linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The invention discloses a coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, and relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion reactors. Comprising a first shielding layer made of a metal material and capable of coating a coil conductor in an insulating manner; and the second shielding layer is made of a metal material and is coated outside the first shielding layer, and an outer cold flow channel is arranged between the second shielding layer and the first shielding layer. The multiple shielding layers are arranged in a laminated mode, electromagnetic wave conduction can be hindered by consuming electromagnetic energy for multiple times, eddy currents generated by a variable magnetic field on coil conductors (quasi-steady-state and cusped coils) are reduced, temperature rise of the coils is reduced, the current-carrying capacity of the coils is improved, the thickness of the shielding layers can be designed to be very thin, and the shielding layers are not prone to deformation. While the eddy current is reduced, the design cost of a conductor material and the self mass of a magnet system are reduced, and meanwhile, the second shielding layer can serve as a stress part to reinforce the mechanical structural strength of the magnet and prevent electromagnetic force from directly acting on a magnet coil to influence the established structure of the magnet coil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion reactors, and in particular to a coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device. Background Art

[0002] The FRC (Field-Reversed Configuration) linear magnetic confinement fusion device differs from the currently mainstream tokamak device in that its basic principle is to utilize the interaction between the magnetic field generated by the plasma itself and the external magnetic field to form a closed annular magnetic field structure to confine the plasma. The FRC linear magnetic confinement fusion device comprises a reaction chamber, a magnet system, a gas injection system, and a detection system. The magnet system comprises a θ-pinch coil, an acceleration coil, a compression coil, a quasi-steady-state coil, and a cusp coil. The θ-pinch coil, the acceleration coil, and the compression coil are used to generate, accelerate, and compress the plasma, respectively. The quasi-steady-state coil and cusp coil generate the background magnetic field and confine the plasma. Therefore, the magnet system is a critical component of the FRC linear magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0003] Typically, the current supplied to the quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil is steady-state or quasi-steady-state, while the current flowing through the θ-pinch coil, acceleration coil, and compression coil is rapidly changing. This rapidly changing current generates a rapidly changing magnetic field, which in turn generates eddy currents in the surrounding quasi-steady-state coil and cusp coil. On the one hand, these eddy currents affect the established background magnetic field of the quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil. On the other hand, the eddy currents generate heat, causing the coils to heat up, accelerating coil aging and increasing coil resistance. Therefore, how to provide electromagnetic shielding protection for the quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil to reduce the eddy currents generated by the rapidly changing magnetic field in the quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil is a key issue currently faced in the construction of magnetic systems for nuclear fusion devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the technical problem of requiring electromagnetic shielding protection for the quasi-steady-state coils and tangent coils of a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor, the present invention provides a coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, which can provide electromagnetic shielding protection and support for the quasi-steady-state coils and tangent coils of the linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, comprising: a first shielding layer made of metal, capable of insulating and covering the coil conductor; a second shielding layer made of metal, covering the outside of the first shielding layer, and an external cold runner is arranged between the second shielding layer and the first shielding layer.

[0006] The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the present invention includes a first shielding layer and a second shielding layer made of metal. The first shielding layer can be insulated and coated on the outside of the coil conductor, and the second shielding layer is coated on the outside of the first shielding layer at intervals. The multiple shielding layers are arranged in a stacked manner, which can hinder the conduction of electromagnetic waves by consuming electromagnetic energy multiple times, so as to reduce the eddy current generated by the changing magnetic field on the coil conductor (quasi-steady state, tangent coil), reduce the coil temperature rise, and increase the coil current carrying capacity. In addition, the thickness of the shielding layer can be designed to be very thin, thereby reducing the eddy current and reducing the design cost of the conductor material and the quality of the magnet system itself.

[0007] At the same time, the second shielding layer is spaced apart and wrapped around the first shielding layer. On the one hand, the second shielding layer can serve as a shield to consume electromagnetic energy, hinder the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, and enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect. On the other hand, the second shielding layer can serve as a force-bearing component to withstand the electromagnetic force generated by the magnetic coil during power-on, thereby strengthening the mechanical strength of the magnet and preventing the electromagnetic force from directly affecting the magnetic coil and affecting its established structure. As a result, the present invention can provide electromagnetic shielding protection and support for the quasi-steady-state coils and tangent coils of a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor.

[0008] In addition, an external cold channel is provided between the second shielding layer and the first shielding layer, and cooling gas or cooling liquid can be introduced into the external cold channel to cool the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer that have absorbed electromagnetic energy.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the present application, it also includes: a plurality of coil conductors; a solidified material layer wrapped around each of the coil conductors to insulate each of the coil conductors, ensure insulation between each coil conductor, and at the same time insulate the first shielding layer from the coil conductors.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the number of turns of the coil conductor in the transverse and longitudinal directions is greater than or equal to 2.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the solidified material layer is a fiber composite material filled with epoxy resin or a composite material composed of resin and fiber, so as to fix each coil conductor and fix the solidified material layer to the first shielding layer while insulating each coil conductor.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of the present application, an internal cooling channel is provided in the coil conductor so as to allow cooling gas or liquid to be passed into the internal cooling channel to cool the coil conductor.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of the present application, a plurality of injection holes are provided on the side wall of the first shielding layer, and the injection holes are used to inject uncured epoxy resin into the inner cavity of the first shielding layer, thereby preventing relative movement between conductors and between conductors and the first shielding layer.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the first shielding layer is made of one of copper, aluminum, copper alloy and aluminum alloy to ensure that the first shielding layer can play a better electromagnetic shielding role.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the second shielding layer is made of non-magnetic stainless steel or aluminum alloy to ensure that the second shielding layer has sufficient structural strength while playing an electromagnetic shielding role, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the coil.

[0016] In an optional embodiment of the present application, a third shielding layer is further included. The third shielding layer is made of metal and is coated on the outside of the first shielding layer or embedded in the first shielding layer to enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect through the third shielding layer.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the third shielding layer is made of one of copper, aluminum, copper alloy and aluminum alloy. A sufficient third shielding layer can provide a good electromagnetic shielding effect.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the present invention includes a first shielding layer and a second shielding layer made of metal. The first shielding layer can be insulated and coated on the outside of the coil conductor, and the second shielding layer is coated on the outside of the first shielding layer at intervals. The multiple shielding layers are arranged in a stacked manner, which can hinder the conduction of electromagnetic waves by consuming electromagnetic energy multiple times, thereby reducing the eddy currents generated on the coil conductor (quasi-steady state, tangent coil) by the changing magnetic field, reducing the coil temperature rise, and increasing the coil current carrying capacity. In addition, the thickness of the shielding layer can be designed to be very thin, thereby reducing the eddy currents while reducing the design cost of the conductor material and the quality of the magnet system itself.

[0019] 2. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the present invention wraps the second shielding layer around the first shielding layer. On the one hand, the second shielding layer can serve as a shielding layer to consume electromagnetic energy, hinder the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, and enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect; on the other hand, the second shielding layer can serve as a force-bearing component to withstand the electromagnetic force generated by the magnetic coil during the power-on process, thereby strengthening the mechanical structure strength of the magnet and preventing the electromagnetic force from directly acting on the magnetic coil and affecting its established structure.

[0020] 3. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the present invention has an external cold flow channel outside the second shielding layer and the first shielding layer. Cooling gas or cooling liquid can be introduced into the external cold flow channel to cool the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer that have absorbed electromagnetic energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] In the attached figure: Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the double-panel cable drum structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection between cable drums according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Markings and corresponding parts names in the accompanying drawings: 10 - first shielding layer, 11 - injection hole, 20 - coil conductor, 21 - inner cold runner, 30 - second shielding layer, 31 - support rib, 40 - outer cold runner, 50 - solidified material layer, 60 - third shielding layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the device of the application is conventionally placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. These are merely for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0026] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] It's important to note that the current supplied to the quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil is steady-state or quasi-steady-state. The current flowing through the θ-pinch coil, the acceleration coil, and the compression coil is rapidly changing. This rapidly changing current generates a rapidly changing magnetic field, which in turn generates eddy currents in the surrounding quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil. These eddy currents affect the established background magnetic field of the quasi-steady-state coil and the cusp coil. Furthermore, the eddy currents generate heat, causing the coils to heat up, accelerating coil aging and increasing coil resistance.

[0028] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor has innovatively designed the following technical solution, and the specific implementation scheme of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the defects existing in the above-mentioned solutions in the prior art are the results obtained by the inventor after practice and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above-mentioned technical problems and the solutions proposed in the following embodiments for the above-mentioned problems should all be the contributions made by the inventor to this application in the process of invention and creation, and should not be understood as technical contents known to those skilled in the art.

[0029] Example Combine Figure 1 This embodiment provides a coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, including: a first shielding layer 10, which is made of metal and can insulate and cover the coil conductor 20; a second shielding layer 30, which is made of metal and is covered on the outside of the first shielding layer 10, and an external cold runner 40 is arranged between the second shielding layer 30 and the first shielding layer 10.

[0030] It can be understood that this embodiment also includes: a plurality of coil conductors 20; a solidified material layer 50, which is coated on the outside of each of the coil conductors 20 to insulate each of the coil conductors 20, ensure insulation between each of the coil conductors 20, and at the same time insulate the first shielding layer 10 from the coil conductors 20.

[0031] The coils of a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device (including quasi-steady-state coils and tangential coils) are usually provided with multiple turns, that is, the number of turns of the coil conductor 20 in the transverse and longitudinal directions is greater than or equal to 2.

[0032] It is understandable that an inner cooling channel 21 is provided in the coil conductor 20 so as to allow cooling gas or liquid to flow into the inner cooling channel 21 to cool the coil conductor 20 .

[0033] Combine Figure 2 Considering that a cooling medium channel is designed in the coil conductor 20, in this embodiment, the coil adopts a structure in which a wire is wound into a pair of double-pancake coils with one inlet and one outlet.

[0034] Combine Figure 3 The wire reels are connected in electrical series and water in parallel. Each wire reel is connected to the water tank through a separate water pump. The power of the corresponding water pump can be adjusted by the external circuit to control the water flow rate in the cooling channel of the single wire reel. This water connection method can reduce the water pressure requirement when the coil is cooled.

[0035] Specifically, the curing material layer 50 is a fiber composite material filled with epoxy resin or a composite material composed of resin and fiber, so as to facilitate the insulation of each coil conductor 20 while fixing each coil conductor 20 and fixing the curing material layer 50 to the first shielding layer 10. In other words, the curing material layer 50 is made by pouring epoxy resin into the reinforced material.

[0036] Recombination Figure 1 The side wall of the first shielding layer 10 is provided with a plurality of injection holes 11, which are used to inject uncured epoxy resin into the inner cavity of the first shielding layer, thereby preventing relative movement between conductors and between conductors and the first shielding layer.

[0037] It should be understood that the first shielding layer 10 is made of copper, aluminum, copper alloy, and aluminum alloy to ensure that the first shielding layer 10 can play a good electromagnetic shielding role. Of course, other non-magnetic metal materials can also be used.

[0038] The second shielding layer 30, as the outer shell of the shielding structure, needs to have sufficient strength in addition to shielding electromagnetic signals. In this embodiment, the second shielding layer 30 is made of non-magnetic stainless steel or aluminum alloy to ensure that the second shielding layer 30 has sufficient structural strength while playing the role of electromagnetic shielding, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the coil.

[0039] On this basis, this embodiment also includes a third shielding layer 60, which is made of metal. The third shielding layer 60 is coated on the outside of the first shielding layer 10 or embedded in the first shielding layer 10 to enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect through the third shielding layer 60.

[0040] Specifically, the third shielding layer 60 plays a role in strengthening the shielding and can be arranged on the inner side of the first shielding layer 10 or on the outer side of the first shielding layer 10. In this embodiment, the third shielding layer 60 is arranged on the outer side of the first shielding layer 10. At the same time, a fixing material is filled between the first shielding layer 10 and the third shielding layer 60 to fix the third shielding layer 60 on the first shielding layer 10, so as to enhance the shielding effect while improving the structural strength of the first shielding layer 10.

[0041] A connector is provided between the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60 so that the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60 are spaced apart to form an external cold runner 40. For a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, the coil conductor 20 and the solidified material layer 50 form a regular polygonal structure. Similarly, the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60 also form regular polygonal structures, and the connector is provided between the corners of the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60. Typically, a support rib 31 is used as the connecting structure between the corners of the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60. Of course, the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60 can also have a cylindrical structure.

[0042] Correspondingly, the third shielding layer 60 is made of one of copper, aluminum, copper alloy and aluminum alloy. A sufficient third shielding layer 60 can play a good electromagnetic shielding role.

[0043] In summary, the coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided in this embodiment includes a first shielding layer 10, a second shielding layer 30 and a third shielding layer 60 made of metal material. The first shielding layer 10 can be insulated and wrapped around the coil conductor 20, the third shielding layer 60 is wrapped around the first shielding layer 10, and the second shielding layer 30 is wrapped around the third shielding layer 60 at intervals.

[0044] Therefore, this embodiment adopts a stacked arrangement to arrange multiple shielding layers, which can hinder the conduction of electromagnetic waves by consuming electromagnetic energy multiple times, so as to reduce the eddy current generated by the changing magnetic field on the coil conductor 20 (quasi-steady state, tangent coil), reduce the coil temperature rise, and increase the coil current carrying capacity. In addition, less conductor material can be consumed to achieve a greater current carrying capacity, and the thickness of the shielding layer can be designed to be very thin, thereby reducing the eddy current and reducing the design cost of the conductor material and the quality of the magnet system itself.

[0045] At the same time, the second shielding layer 30 is intermittently wrapped around the third shielding layer 60. On the one hand, the second shielding layer 30 can serve as a shielding layer to consume electromagnetic energy, hinder the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, and enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect; on the other hand, the second shielding layer 30 can serve as a force-bearing component to withstand the electromagnetic force generated by the magnetic coil during the power-on process, strengthen the mechanical structure strength of the magnet, and prevent the electromagnetic force from directly acting on the magnetic coil to affect its established structure. Therefore, this embodiment can provide electromagnetic shielding protection and support for the quasi-steady-state coils and tangent coils of the linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor.

[0046] In addition, in this embodiment, an external cold runner 40 is provided outside the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60 , and cooling gas or cooling liquid can be introduced into the external cold runner 40 to cool the first shielding layer 10 , the second shielding layer 30 and the third shielding layer 60 that absorb electromagnetic energy.

[0047] It should be noted that in terms of the shielding structure, this embodiment adopts a two-layer or three-layer shielding stacking arrangement. Of course, a shielding structure with more than three layers can also be made. In theory, the more conductor layers, the better the shielding effect, but factors such as process complexity and cost need to be considered.

[0048] In summary, the coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided in this embodiment can provide electromagnetic shielding protection and support for the quasi-steady-state coils and tangent coils of the linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor.

[0049] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, characterized in that: include: A first shielding layer (10), made of metal, capable of insulating and covering the coil conductor (20); The second shielding layer (30) is made of metal and is coated on the outside of the first shielding layer (10), and an external cold flow channel (40) is provided between the second shielding layer (30) and the first shielding layer (10).

2. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of coil conductors (20) are provided; The solidified material layer (50) is coated on the outside of each of the coil conductors (20) to insulate each of the coil conductors (20).

3. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of turns of the coil conductor (20) in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are both greater than or equal to 2.

4. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solidified material layer (50) is a fiber composite material filled with epoxy resin or a composite material consisting of resin and fiber.

5. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An internal cooling channel (21) is provided in the coil conductor (20).

6. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the first shielding layer (10) is provided with a plurality of injection holes (11).

7. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first shielding layer (10) is made of one of copper, aluminum, copper alloy and aluminum alloy.

8. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second shielding layer (30) is made of non-magnetic stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

9. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes a third shielding layer (60), the third shielding layer (60) is made of metal, and the third shielding layer (60) is coated on the outside of the first shielding layer (10) or embedded in the first shielding layer (10).

10. The coil shielding structure for a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The third shielding layer (60) is made of one of copper, aluminum, copper alloy and aluminum alloy.

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