Hydrogen pressure swing cycle system based on fuel cells

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen pressure swing cycle system based on a fuel cell, belonging to the technical field of fuel cell fluid circulation, and suitable for an electric pile, comprising a gas circulation unit, a water circulation unit and a control unit, the gas circulation unit comprises a tank A and a tank B, a gas outlet of the tank A and a gas outlet of the tank B are communicated with a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile, a gas inlet of the tank A and a gas inlet of the tank B are communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the electric pile, a water inlet of the tank A and a water inlet of the tank B are communicated with a cooling water outlet of the electric pile; the water circulation unit comprises a heat exchanger and a circulating water pump connected in sequence, the heat exchanger is communicated with a water outlet of the tank A and a water outlet of the tank B respectively, and the heat exchanger is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the electric pile and a cooling water outlet of the electric pile; the control unit is connected with the tank A and the tank B, and is used for controlling opening and closing of the gas outlets, the gas inlets and the water inlets of the tank A and the tank B. In the application, the circulating hydrogen has a wide pressure increase range, can adapt to the change requirement of a wider power range and can reduce parasitic power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell fluid circulation, specifically relating to a hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The basic principle is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively. Hydrogen is introduced into the anode channel and dissociates into protons and electrons under the action of a catalyst. Protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode of the battery, while electrons are collected by the current collector and do work on the external circuit. Oxygen passes through the gas diffusion layer to reach the catalytic side surface of the cathode. Under the action of a catalyst, oxygen combines with protons passing through the proton exchange membrane and electrons from the external circuit to generate water, releasing a large amount of heat.

[0003] When a hydrogen fuel cell is working, it is supplied with hydrogen through a hydrogen storage system. The hydrogen enters the fuel cell and reacts with oxygen at the anode. The reaction is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of water. In order to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell, it is often necessary to use an excess of hydrogen and oxygen to remove the water generated inside the fuel cell. However, hydrogen is expensive and flammable, and direct discharge is both wasteful of resources and poses safety hazards.

[0004] Currently, a hydrogen recirculation pump or ejector is typically installed between the hydrogen outlet and hydrogen inlet of a fuel cell to recover and reuse hydrogen. However, the recirculation pump is an electromechanical device that requires the power of the battery system to drive it. This power consumption directly reduces the net output power and system efficiency of the fuel cell system, and the recirculation pump has high parasitic power. The performance of the ejector is highly dependent on the operating point, i.e., the hydrogen flow rate and pressure, resulting in a narrow pressurization range for the ejector, making it unable to adapt to the requirements of varying power over a wider range. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell, aiming to solve the technical problems of high parasitic power caused by hydrogen circulation pumps and narrow ejector pressurization range that cannot adapt to changes in power range.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a hydrogen pressure swing cycle system based on a fuel cell, comprising:

[0007] The gas circulation unit includes tank A and tank B. The gas outlet of tank A and the gas outlet of tank B are both connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack. The gas inlet of tank A and the gas inlet of tank B are both connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water inlet of tank A and the water inlet of tank B are both connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0008] A water circulation unit includes a heat exchanger and a circulating water pump connected in sequence. The heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of tank A and the outlet of tank B, respectively. The heat exchanger is also connected to the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0009] The control unit is connected to tank A and tank B and is used to control the opening and closing of the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of tank A and the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of tank B.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the control unit includes:

[0011] The first control component includes valve A1 located between the water inlet of tank A and the heat exchanger, valve A2 located between the water outlet of tank A and the heat exchanger, valve A3 located between the gas inlet of tank A and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and valve A4 located between the gas outlet of tank A and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; and

[0012] The second control component includes valve B1 located between the water inlet of tank B and the heat exchanger, valve B2 located between the water outlet of tank B and the heat exchanger, valve B3 located between the air inlet of tank B and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and valve B4 located between the air outlet of tank B and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the first control component further includes level gauges A1 and A2, which are distributed vertically, and are communicatively connected to valves A1, A2, A3, and A4.

[0014] The second control component also includes level gauges B1 and B2, which are distributed vertically. Both level gauges B1 and B2 are communicatively connected to valves B1, B2, B3, and B4.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the gas circulation unit includes an outlet pipe A connected to both the outlet of tank A and the outlet of tank B, and an outlet pipe B connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure swing circulation system also includes a mixing unit.

[0016] The mixing unit includes:

[0017] The mixing chamber is connected to the outlet pipe A, the outlet pipe B, and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0018] A first air inlet pipe is coiled inside the mixing chamber, and the first air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe A. The wall of the first air inlet pipe has multiple first air holes that communicate with the interior of the mixing chamber.

[0019] The second air inlet pipe is coiled inside the mixing chamber. The second air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe B. The pipe wall of the second air inlet pipe has multiple second air holes that communicate with the interior of the mixing chamber.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the first end of the first intake pipe is rotatably connected to the exhaust pipe A, and the rotation axis of the first intake pipe is parallel to the vertical direction. The first end of the second intake pipe is rotatably connected to the exhaust pipe B, and the rotation axis of the second intake pipe is parallel to the vertical direction. The rotation direction of the second intake pipe is opposite to that of the first intake pipe.

[0021] The mixing unit further includes a power component that is drively connected to the first intake pipe and the second intake pipe, the power component being used to drive the first intake pipe and the second intake pipe to rotate.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the tail end of the first intake pipe is ball-hinged with a first ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing chamber is provided with a first rolling groove adapted to the rolling of the first ball.

[0023] The tail end of the second air intake pipe is ball-jointed with a second ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a second rolling groove adapted to the rolling of the second ball.

[0024] In one possible implementation, an anti-deviation unit is provided at the intersection of the first groove and the second groove;

[0025] The anti-deviation unit includes:

[0026] A first anti-deviation plate is disposed in the second roller groove. The first anti-deviation plate is rotatably connected to the mixing box. The rotation axis of the first anti-deviation plate is parallel to the up and down direction. The concave arc of the first anti-deviation plate is the same as the arc of the first roller groove. A first torsion spring is installed at the rotatable connection between the first anti-deviation plate and the mixing box.

[0027] The first adsorption element is disposed on the first anti-deviation plate and is used to adsorb and fix the first anti-deviation plate to the inner wall of the second roller groove.

[0028] A second anti-deviation plate is disposed within the first roller groove. The second anti-deviation plate is rotatably connected to the mixing box. The rotation axis of the second anti-deviation plate is parallel to the vertical direction. The concave curvature of the second anti-deviation plate is the same as the curvature of the second roller groove. A second torsion spring is installed at the rotatable connection between the second anti-deviation plate and the mixing box.

[0029] The second adsorption element is disposed on the second anti-deviation plate and is used to adsorb and fix the second anti-deviation plate to the inner wall of the first roller groove.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure swing cycle system further includes a detection unit;

[0031] The detection unit includes:

[0032] The detection box is connected to the bottom of the mixing box;

[0033] A detector, located inside the detection chamber, is used to detect the humidity of the hydrogen gas inside the detection chamber; and

[0034] A reprocessing component, connected to the hydrogen inlet of the detection chamber and the fuel cell stack, is used to increase, decrease, or keep the humidity of the hydrogen output from the detection chamber constant.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the reprocessing component includes:

[0036] The humidification tube has a humidification inlet and a humidification outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box. A nozzle is installed inside the humidification tube and is connected to a water tank. A first one-way valve is installed at the connection between the humidification outlet and the detection box, and a humidification feed valve is installed at the connection between the humidification inlet and the detection box.

[0037] A drying tube has a drying inlet and a drying outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box. The drying tube contains a desiccant. A second one-way valve is installed at the connection between the drying outlet and the detection box, and a drying feed valve is installed at the connection between the drying inlet and the detection box.

[0038] A qualified tube is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the test box and the fuel cell stack, and a qualified feed valve is installed at the connection between the qualified tube and the test box.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the drying feed valve, the humidifying feed valve, and the qualified feed valve are all communicatively connected to the detector.

[0040] The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on fuel cells provided by this invention, compared with existing technologies, tightly integrates hydrogen circulation with the thermal management of the fuel cell stack. High-temperature water from the fuel cell stack cooling water outlet is directly introduced into tank A or tank B. On the one hand, the heat of the water maintains or increases the temperature of the hydrogen inside the tank, enhancing its fluidity; on the other hand, it also participates in the humidity regulation of the hydrogen, helping to optimize the reaction environment inside the fuel cell stack and improve performance. More importantly, this design constructs a closed-loop hydrogen circulation system, effectively recovering unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell stack outlet and resupplying it to the hydrogen inlet, greatly reducing the consumption of expensive hydrogen, avoiding the safety hazards and economic losses caused by direct emissions, and achieving efficient resource utilization and safe operation. Meanwhile, this invention employs a variable pressure circulation structure with alternating operation of tanks A and B, utilizing the natural changes in the pressure difference within the tanks as the driving force to achieve the circulating flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen inlet. This improves the pressurization range, enabling it to adapt to varying requirements within a wider power range. Furthermore, it completely eliminates the additional power consumption caused by the circulation pump and the strict dependence of the ejector on the operating point. The water circulation pump simultaneously provides power to both the gas circulation unit and the water circulation unit, significantly improving the system's net output power and efficiency while reducing parasitic power. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water circulation unit and air circulation unit used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the hybrid unit and detection unit used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the first and second air intake pipes used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the anti-deviation unit used in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 10. Air circulation unit; 101. Tank A; 102. Tank B; 103. Air outlet pipe A; 104. Air outlet pipe B;

[0047] 20. Water circulation unit; 201. Heat exchanger; 202. Circulating water pump; 203. Flow regulating valve; 204. Filter;

[0048] 30. Mixing unit; 301. Mixing box; 3011. First roller groove; 3012. Second roller groove; 302. First air inlet pipe; 3021. First air port; 3022. First ball bearing; 303. Second air inlet pipe; 3031. Second air port; 3032. Second ball bearing;

[0049] 40. Anti-deviation unit; 401. First anti-deviation plate; 402. Second anti-deviation plate;

[0050] 50. Detection unit; 501. Detection box; 502. Humidification tube; 503. Drying tube; 504. Qualified tube. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 4 This invention describes a hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell. The system includes a gas circulation unit 10, a water circulation unit 20, and a control unit. The gas circulation unit 10 includes tanks A101 and B102. The gas outlets of both tanks A101 and B102 are connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack. The gas inlets of both tanks A101 and B102 are connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water inlets of both tanks A101 and B102 are connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water circulation unit 20 includes components connected in sequence... The system is equipped with a heat exchanger 201 and a circulating water pump 202. The heat exchanger 201 is connected to the outlet of tank A101 and the outlet of tank B102, respectively. The heat exchanger 201 is also connected to the cooling water inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water circulation pump is a variable frequency booster pump, and the circulating water is deionized water. The control unit is connected to tank A101 and tank B102 and is used to control the opening and closing of the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and outlet of tank A101 and tank B102.

[0053] Specifically, the water circulation unit 20 also includes a flow regulating valve 203, a filter 204, and a valve 5. The flow regulating valve 203 regulates the balance of water flow between the water circulation unit 20 and the air circulation unit 10. The filter 204 filters impurities in the water circulation system, and the valve 5 can periodically discharge excess circulating water from the water circulation system. The flow regulating valve 203 and the filter 204 are conventional technologies and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0054] It should be noted that when the quality of the circulating hydrogen cannot meet the process requirements, the hydrogen can be pressurized into other purification systems, such as the distributed power plant PSA purification system, to improve the hydrogen utilization rate.

[0055] The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell provided in this embodiment has the following steps: The control unit opens the air inlet and water outlet of tank A101. Unreacted hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack flows into tank A101. After entering tank A101, the hydrogen forces the water in tank A101 out of the water outlet, leaving the hydrogen inside tank A101. At the same time, the control unit opens the air outlet and water inlet of tank B102. After entering tank B102, the water forces the hydrogen in tank B102 to enter the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen inlet and participate in the reaction, leaving the water inside tank B102.

[0056] Water flowing out of the outlet of tank A101 or tank B102 enters the water circulation unit 20. It first flows through the heat exchanger 201, where it is further cooled to a temperature suitable for the operation of the fuel cell stack. Then, it is pressurized by the circulating water pump 202 and sent back to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack to re-enter the fuel cell stack to absorb heat and complete the circulation of cooling water. At the same time, the heat exchanger 201 is also directly connected to the cooling water outlet and cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack, which means that the heat exchanger 201 needs to process the water flowing out of tank A101, tank B102 and the fuel cell stack in parallel.

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, this design tightly integrates hydrogen circulation with the thermal management of the fuel cell stack. High-temperature water from the stack's cooling water outlet is directly fed into tanks A101 or B102. This utilizes the heat of the water to maintain or increase the hydrogen temperature inside the tanks, enhancing its fluidity. It also participates in hydrogen humidity regulation, helping to optimize the reaction environment inside the stack and improve performance. More importantly, this design constructs a closed-loop hydrogen circulation system. Unreacted hydrogen at the stack outlet is effectively recovered and reused at the hydrogen inlet, significantly reducing the consumption of expensive hydrogen, avoiding the safety hazards and economic losses caused by direct emissions, and achieving efficient resource utilization and safe operation. Meanwhile, this invention employs a variable pressure circulation structure with alternating operation of tanks A101 and B102, utilizing the natural changes in the pressure difference within the tanks as the driving force to achieve the circulating flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen inlet. This improves the pressurization range, enabling it to adapt to varying requirements within a wider power range. It completely eliminates the additional power consumption caused by the circulation pump and the strict dependence of the ejector on the operating point. The water circulation pump simultaneously provides power to both the gas circulation unit 10 and the water circulation unit 20, significantly improving the net output power and efficiency of the system and reducing parasitic power.

[0058] In some embodiments, see Figure 1The control unit includes a first control component and a second control component; the first control component includes valve A1 located between the water inlet of tank A101 and heat exchanger 201, valve A2 located between the water outlet of tank A101 and heat exchanger 201, valve A3 located between the air inlet of tank A101 and hydrogen outlet of fuel cell stack, and valve A4 located between the air outlet of tank A101 and hydrogen inlet of fuel cell stack; the second control component includes valve B1 located between the water inlet of tank B102 and heat exchanger 201, valve B2 located between the water outlet of tank B102 and heat exchanger 201, valve B4 located between the air inlet of tank B102 and hydrogen outlet of fuel cell stack, and valve B3 located between the air outlet of tank B102 and hydrogen inlet of fuel cell stack.

[0059] The first control component also includes level gauges A1 and A2, which are distributed vertically. Level gauges A1 and A2 are both connected to valves A1, A2, A3, and A4.

[0060] The second control component also includes level gauges B1 and B2, which are distributed vertically. Both level gauges B1 and B2 are communicatively connected to valves B1, B2, B3, and B4.

[0061] Hydrogen intake in tank A101: Valves A1 and A4 are closed, while valves A2 and A3 are open. Due to the operation of the water circulation pump, the water level in tank A101 gradually decreases from LA2. Unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell stack is drawn into (or introduced into) tank A101 under back pressure, maintaining the tank pressure at a back pressure state. The carried water directly enters tank A101 and is collected. Simultaneously, the hydrogen is re-humidified until the water level drops to LA1, completing the hydrogen intake operation. Hydrogen discharge from tank A101: Valves A2 and A3 are closed, while valves A1 and A4 are open. The water level gradually rises from LA1, compressing the hydrogen back to the fuel cell stack hydrogen supply system until the water level rises to LA2, completing the hydrogen discharge operation. Tank B102 operates in the opposite manner to tank A101, keeping the water circulation pump constantly operational.

[0062] By configuring independent four-valve group control structures (valve A1-A4 and valve B1-B4) for tanks A101 and B102 respectively, precise decoupling and collaborative management of the gas and water circuits are achieved, completely eliminating the parasitic power consumption and operating condition dependence of traditional mechanical circulation devices. At the same time, through the hard isolation mechanism of valve opening and closing, it is ensured that the two tanks operate completely independently during alternating working cycles, avoiding gas or liquid crossflow interference.

[0063] Each valve is directly installed at critical pipeline nodes, replacing dynamic mechanical components with the simplest static structure, significantly improving system reliability and achieving zero-maintenance operation; in addition, the modular layout of the valve group provides a clear execution path for the control unit, enabling the pressure conversion of the two tanks, hydrogen circulation and water-heat exchange processes to be switched strictly according to the time sequence, fundamentally ensuring the efficient generation and transmission of variable pressure driving force.

[0064] In some embodiments, see Figures 1 to 3 The gas circulation unit 10 includes an outlet pipe A103 that is connected to both the outlet of tank A101 and the outlet of tank B102, and an outlet pipe B104 that is connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on the fuel cell also includes a mixing unit 30.

[0065] The mixing unit 30 includes a mixing chamber 301, a first inlet pipe 302, and a second inlet pipe 303. The mixing chamber 301 is connected to an outlet pipe A103, an outlet pipe B104, and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack. The first inlet pipe 302 is coiled inside the mixing chamber 301 and is connected to the outlet pipe A103. The pipe wall of the first inlet pipe 302 has multiple first vent holes 3021 that communicate with the interior of the mixing chamber 301. The second inlet pipe 303 is coiled inside the mixing chamber 301 and is connected to the outlet pipe B104. The pipe wall of the second inlet pipe 303 has multiple second vent holes 3031 that communicate with the interior of the mixing chamber 301.

[0066] The recycled hydrogen from tanks A101 and B102 is combined with the newly added hydrogen in mixing tank 301. Both the recycled hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen are released into mixing tank 301 through dense pores, mixing hydrogen with different pressures and humidity in mixing tank 301, which significantly improves the stability of hydrogen pressure and the uniformity of humidity supplied to the fuel cell stack.

[0067] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first end of the first intake pipe 302 is rotatably connected to the exhaust pipe A103, and the rotation axis of the first intake pipe 302 is parallel to the vertical direction. The first end of the second intake pipe 303 is rotatably connected to the exhaust pipe B104, and the rotation axis of the second intake pipe 303 is parallel to the vertical direction. The rotation direction of the second intake pipe 303 is opposite to the rotation direction of the first intake pipe 302.

[0068] The mixing unit 30 also includes a power component that is connected to the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303. The power component is used to drive the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 to rotate. The power component can be a motor.

[0069] Optionally, there are two power components, which correspond to the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 respectively, and the output shafts of the two power components rotate in opposite directions.

[0070] Optionally, the power unit is provided such that the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 are connected by a gear set, so that the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 rotate in opposite directions.

[0071] The starting of the power unit drives the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 to rotate, causing the positions of the first air intake port and the second air intake port to change continuously. This continuously changes the starting point of the recycled hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen entering the mixing box 301, improving the mixing uniformity of the recycled hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen. At the same time, during the rotation of the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303, the gas in the mixing box 301 will be stirred, further improving the mixing uniformity of the recycled hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen.

[0072] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The tail end of the first air intake pipe 302 is ball-jointed with a first ball 3022, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box 301 is provided with a first rolling groove 3011 adapted to the rolling of the first ball 3022; the tail end of the second air intake pipe 303 is ball-jointed with a second ball 3032, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box 301 is provided with a second rolling groove 3012 adapted to the rolling of the second ball 3032.

[0073] During the rotation of the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303, the first ball 3022 rolls freely along the first groove 3011, and the second ball 3032 rolls freely along the second groove 3012, thereby constraining the tail ends of the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 to move in the horizontal plane. At the same time, the ball joint allows the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 to float slightly in the vertical direction to compensate for thermal deformation or assembly errors.

[0074] The two ends of the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 are flexibly positioned, which not only ensures the concentricity and flatness of the rotation trajectory, but also absorbs the dynamic stress during operation and avoids jamming or wear caused by rigid connection. The rolling guidance of the first roller groove 3011 to the first ball 3022 and the second roller groove 3012 to the second ball 3032 further restricts the radial movement of the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303, so that the first intake pipe 302 and the second intake pipe 303 still maintain stable operation under rotation conditions.

[0075] In some embodiments, see Figure 4An anti-deviation unit 40 is provided at the intersection of the first roller groove 3011 and the second roller groove 3012. The anti-deviation unit 40 includes a first anti-deviation plate 401, a first adsorption element, a second anti-deviation plate 402, and a second adsorption element. The first anti-deviation plate 401 is disposed in the second roller groove 3012 and is rotatably connected to the mixing box 301. The rotation axis of the first anti-deviation plate 401 is parallel to the vertical direction. The concave arc of the first anti-deviation plate 401 is the same as the arc of the first roller groove 3011. A first torsion spring is installed at the rotatable connection between the first anti-deviation plate 401 and the mixing box 301. The first adsorption element is disposed on the first anti-deviation plate 401 and is used to adsorb the first... The anti-deviation plate 401 is adsorbed and fixed to the inner wall of the second roller groove 3012. The first adsorption component can be an electric suction cup. The second anti-deviation plate 402 is disposed in the first roller groove 3011. The second anti-deviation plate 402 is rotatably connected to the mixing box 301. The rotation axis of the second anti-deviation plate 402 is parallel to the up and down direction. The concave arc of the second anti-deviation plate 402 is the same as the arc of the second roller groove 3012. A second torsion spring is installed at the rotatable connection between the second anti-deviation plate 402 and the mixing box 301. The second adsorption component is disposed on the second anti-deviation plate 402 and is used to adsorb and fix the second anti-deviation plate 402 to the inner wall of the first roller groove 3011. The second adsorption component can be an electric suction cup.

[0076] When the first ball 3022 rolls along the first groove 3011 and approaches the intersection with the second groove 3012, its movement path will overlap with the second groove 3012. At this time, the first anti-deviation plate 401 located in the second groove 3012 closes the second groove 3012 under the action of the torsion spring. At the same time, the first adsorption component is activated, causing the first anti-deviation plate 401 to be adsorbed and fixed to the inner wall of the second groove 3012. When the first ball 3022 passes through the intersection area, the first anti-deviation plate 401 guides the first ball 3022 to prevent the first ball 3022 from getting stuck in the intersection area. After the first ball 3022 passes through the intersection area, the first adsorption component stops working, and the first anti-deviation plate 401 disengages from the inner wall of the second groove 3012. When the second ball 3032 passes through the intersection area, the second ball 3032 squeezes the first anti-deviation plate 401, causing the first anti-deviation plate 401 to rotate, and the second groove 3012 opens to allow the second ball 3032 to enter. Similarly, the second anti-deviation plate 402 prevents the second ball bearing 3032 from getting stuck in the intersection area, which will not be elaborated further.

[0077] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The hydrogen pressure swing cycle system based on fuel cells also includes a detection unit 50; the detection unit 50 includes a detection chamber 501, a detector, and a reprocessing component; the detection chamber 501 is connected to the bottom of the mixing chamber 301; the detector is located inside the detection chamber 501 and is used to detect the humidity of the hydrogen inside the detection chamber 501, and the detector can be a gas humidity sensor; the reprocessing component is connected to the detection chamber 501 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and is used to increase, decrease, or keep the humidity of the hydrogen output from the detection chamber 501 unchanged.

[0078] The reprocessing assembly includes a humidification tube 502, a drying tube 503, and a qualification tube 504. The humidification tube 502 has a humidification inlet and a humidification outlet, both of which are connected to the detection chamber 501. A nozzle is installed inside the humidification tube 502 and is connected to a water tank. A first check valve is installed at the connection between the humidification outlet and the detection chamber 501, and a humidification feed valve is installed at the connection between the humidification inlet and the detection chamber 501. The drying tube 503 has a drying inlet and a drying outlet, both of which are connected to the detection chamber 501. A desiccant is contained inside the drying tube 503. A second check valve is installed at the connection between the drying outlet and the detection chamber 501, and a drying feed valve is installed at the connection between the drying inlet and the detection chamber 501. The qualification tube 504 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the detection chamber 501 and the fuel cell stack. A qualification feed valve is installed at the connection between the qualification tube 504 and the detection chamber 501.

[0079] The drying feed valve, humidifying feed valve, and qualified feed valve are all connected to the detector via communication.

[0080] By integrating humidity detection and reprocessing, a closed-loop hydrogen humidity control system was constructed, enabling real-time and precise control of the hydrogen inlet humidity in the fuel cell circulation loop. The detection chamber 501 directly captures the hydrogen sample output from the mixing chamber 301, the detector monitors the humidity, and the reprocessing component switches between humidification, drying, or direct-flow paths based on the humidity value, completely resolving the risk of membrane electrode failure due to humidity fluctuations caused by water ingress or drying out in traditional systems. This design upgrades humidity management from passive adaptation to active intervention, significantly improving fuel cell output stability and lifespan, while avoiding the high energy consumption of external humidifiers, giving the transformer circulation system full-condition self-optimization capabilities.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell based hydrogen pressure swing cycle system suitable for use with an electrical stack, characterized by, include: The gas circulation unit includes tank A and tank B. The gas outlet of tank A and the gas outlet of tank B are both connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack. The gas inlet of tank A and the gas inlet of tank B are both connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water inlet of tank A and the water inlet of tank B are both connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water circulation unit includes a heat exchanger and a circulating water pump connected in sequence. The heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of tank A and the outlet of tank B, respectively. The heat exchanger is also connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack. as well as A control unit, connected to tank A and tank B, is used to control the opening and closing of the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of tank A and the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of tank B. The gas circulation unit includes an outlet pipe A connected to both the outlet of tank A and the outlet of tank B, and an outlet pipe B connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure swing circulation system also includes a mixing unit. The mixing unit includes: The mixing chamber is connected to the outlet pipe A, the outlet pipe B, and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack. A first air inlet pipe is coiled inside the mixing chamber, and the first air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe A. The wall of the first air inlet pipe has multiple first air holes that communicate with the interior of the mixing chamber. The second air inlet pipe is coiled inside the mixing chamber. The second air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe B. The pipe wall of the second air inlet pipe has multiple second air holes that communicate with the inside of the mixing chamber. The first end of the first air intake pipe is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe A, and the rotation axis of the first air intake pipe is parallel to the up and down direction. The first end of the second air intake pipe is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe B, and the rotation axis of the second air intake pipe is parallel to the up and down direction. The rotation direction of the second air intake pipe is opposite to the rotation direction of the first air intake pipe. The mixing unit further includes a power component that is drively connected to the first intake pipe and the second intake pipe, the power component being used to drive the first intake pipe and the second intake pipe to rotate.

2. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 1 wherein, The control unit includes: The first control component includes valve A1 located between the water inlet of tank A and the heat exchanger, valve A2 located between the water outlet of tank A and the heat exchanger, valve A3 located between the gas inlet of tank A and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and valve A4 located between the gas outlet of tank A and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; and The second control component includes valve B1 located between the water inlet of tank B and the heat exchanger, valve B2 located between the water outlet of tank B and the heat exchanger, valve B3 located between the air inlet of tank B and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and valve B4 located between the air outlet of tank B and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

3. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 2 wherein, The first control assembly further comprises liquid level meter A1 and liquid level meter A2, which are arranged in an up-down manner, and are in communication with the valves A1, A2, A3 and A4. The second control assembly further comprises liquid level meter B1 and liquid level meter B2, which are arranged in an up-down manner, and are in communication with the valves B1, B2, B3 and B4.

4. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 1 wherein, The tail end of the first air inlet pipe is hingedly connected with a first rolling ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a first rolling groove which is adapted to rolling of the first rolling ball. The tail end of the second air inlet pipe is hingedly connected with a second rolling ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a second rolling groove which is adapted to rolling of the second rolling ball.

5. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 4 wherein, The intersection of the first rolling groove and the second rolling groove is provided with a deviation prevention unit. The deviation prevention unit comprises: A first deviation prevention plate is arranged in the second rolling groove, and the first deviation prevention plate is rotationally connected with the mixing box, the rotation axis of the first deviation prevention plate is parallel to the up-down direction, the concave curvature of the first deviation prevention plate is the same as the curvature of the first rolling groove, and a first torsional spring is arranged at the rotation connection position of the first deviation prevention plate and the mixing box. A first suction accessory is arranged on the first deviation prevention plate, and is used for suction fixing the first deviation prevention plate and the inner wall of the second rolling groove. A second deviation prevention plate is arranged in the first rolling groove, and the second deviation prevention plate is rotationally connected with the mixing box, the rotation axis of the second deviation prevention plate is parallel to the up-down direction, the concave curvature of the second deviation prevention plate is the same as the curvature of the second rolling groove, and a second torsional spring is arranged at the rotation connection position of the second deviation prevention plate and the mixing box. A second suction accessory is arranged on the second deviation prevention plate, and is used for suction fixing the second deviation prevention plate and the inner wall of the first rolling groove.

6. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 1 wherein, The hydrogen pressure cycle system based on the fuel cell further comprises a detection unit. The detection unit comprises: A detection box is connected with the bottom of the mixing box; A detector is arranged in the detection box, and is used for detecting the humidity of hydrogen in the detection box; and A reprocessing assembly is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the detection box and the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen inlet, and is used for increasing, decreasing or keeping the humidity of hydrogen output by the detection box.

7. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 6 wherein, The reprocessing assembly comprises: A humidification pipe has a humidification inlet and a humidification outlet, both of which are connected with the detection box, a spray head is arranged in the humidification pipe, the spray head is connected with a water tank, a first one-way valve is arranged at the connection position of the humidification outlet and the detection box, and a humidification inlet valve is arranged at the connection position of the humidification inlet and the detection box; A drying pipe has a drying inlet and a drying outlet, both of which are connected with the detection box, a drying agent is arranged in the drying pipe, a second one-way valve is arranged at the connection position of the drying outlet and the detection box, and a drying inlet valve is arranged at the connection position of the drying inlet and the detection box; and A qualified pipe is communicated with the detection box and a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile, and a qualified feeding valve is arranged at the communication position of the qualified pipe and the detection box.

8. The fuel cell based hydrogen vapor cycle system of claim 7 wherein, The dry feeding valve, the humidification feeding valve and the qualified feeding valve are communicated with the detector.

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