Substituted 5-membered rings and their use as pesticides

Abstract

Substituted 5-membered ring molecules substituted with fluorinated benzyl and amino acid groups having formula (I), and derivatives thereof, are disclosed herein. The substituted 5-membered ring molecules have herbicidal activity and can be used to control undesirable vegetation. Compositions, methods of making, and methods of controlling undesirable vegetation using substituted 5-membered ring molecules are also disclosed.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 379,265, filed on October 12, 2022, and entitled Substituted 5-membered rings and their use as pesticides, the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to substituted 5-membered ring molecules having herbicidal activity. Methods for synthesizing such substituted 5-membered ring molecules and methods for using these molecules are also disclosed. These molecules can be used, for example, as herbicides to control undesirable vegetation. Background Art

[0003] Many recurring problems in agriculture relate to controlling the growth of undesirable vegetation. If it is not controlled, undesirable vegetation may for example have a negative impact on the growth of desired vegetation (such as crops, lawns, pastures, gardens and recreational areas). In order to help control undesirable vegetation, researchers have produced a variety of chemicals and chemical compositions that can effectively control this undesirable growth. However, there is a continued need for new herbicides and methods to control the growth of undesirable vegetation in different locations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Disclosed herein are molecules (e.g., substituted 5-membered rings) that can be used as herbicides to control undesirable vegetation in various locations (e.g., cultivated fields, lawns, pastures, gardens, and recreational areas). These molecules can include lactams or thiolactams, either of which can be substituted with fluorinated benzyl groups and other groups (e.g., amino acids or other derivatives thereof).

[0005] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecule is a molecule having formula (I): in: X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR 5 , and S; R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 2 selected from the group consisting of: methyl and cyclopropyl; R 3 selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, and methoxy; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16)-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71, R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; and R 5 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy, (C3-C 10 )-alkenyloxy, (C3-C 10 )-alkynyloxy, aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkoxy, heterocyclyl-alkoxy, hydroxy, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl-sulfonyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl, aryl-sulfonyl, heteroaryl-sulfonyl, R 72 R 73 N-sulfonyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-NR 74 -sulfonyl, and aryl-oxy-sulfonyl.

[0006] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (II): in: R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 2 selected from the group consisting of: methyl and cyclopropyl; R 3 selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, and methoxy; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0007] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (III) in: R1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0008] In some aspects, the thiolactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (IV): in: X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S; R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10)-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S, R70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0009] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (V): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10)-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 ; R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0010] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (VI): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10)-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0011] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (VII): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10)-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0012] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (VIII): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16)-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0013] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (IX): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10)-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0014] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (X): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10)-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0015] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecules include the molecules listed below as Compound A through Compound O in Table 1 . Table 1A: Exemplary substituted 5-membered ring molecules

[0016] It has been found that various substituted 5-membered rings (such as lactam-based or thiolactam-based molecules) included in the present disclosure exhibit Figure 17 Exhibits herbicidal activity against undesirable vegetation species.

[0017] The following description sets forth the details of one or more aspects of the disclosure. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and other features and objects of the present disclosure and the manner in which they are achieved will become more apparent and the present disclosure itself will be better understood by referring to the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1A and 1B Tables 5A and 5B containing exemplary post-emergence data are presented;

[0020] Figure 1C Table 5C containing exemplary pre-emergence data is shown;

[0021] FIG2 shows Tables 6A and 6B containing exemplary isomer data;

[0022] Figure 3 Table 7 containing exemplary broadleaf crop data is presented;

[0023] Figures 4A-4D Tables 8A-8D are shown, respectively, containing various mixtures with ALS herbicides according to various aspects;

[0024] Figures 5A-4D Tables 9A-9D are shown, respectively, containing various mixtures with auxin herbicides according to various aspects;

[0025] Figure 6A and 6B Tables 10A and 10B are presented, respectively, containing various mixtures with HPPD herbicides according to various aspects;

[0026] Figure 7Aand 7B Tables 11A and 11B are shown, respectively, containing various mixtures with PPO herbicides according to various aspects;

[0027] Figures 8A-8D Tables 12A-12D are presented, respectively, containing various mixtures with ACCase herbicides according to various aspects;

[0028] Figure 9 Table 13 is presented, which contains various mixtures with MAI herbicides according to various aspects;

[0029] Figure 10 Table 14 is presented, which contains various mixtures with PSI herbicides according to various aspects;

[0030] Figure 11 Table 15 is presented, which contains various mixtures with PDS herbicides according to various aspects;

[0031] Figure 12 Table 16 is presented, which contains various mixtures with VLCFA herbicides according to various aspects;

[0032] Figure 13 Table 17 is presented, which contains various mixtures with DOXP herbicides according to various aspects;

[0033] Figure 14A and 14B Tables 18A and 18B are presented, respectively, containing various mixtures with PSII herbicides according to various aspects;

[0034] Figure 15 Table 19 is presented, which contains various mixtures with EPSPS herbicides according to various aspects;

[0035] Figure 16 Table 20 is presented, which contains various mixtures with GS herbicides according to various aspects;

[0036] Figure 17 presents Table 21, which contains comparative growth rates for various mixtures; and

[0037] Figure 18A and 18B Tables 22A and 22B containing additional herbicidal mixture data are presented.

[0038] While these figures contain exemplary data of various aspects of the disclosure in various forms, such examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any way. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present disclosure includes molecules that can be used as herbicides to control undesirable vegetation in different locations (such as cultivated land, lawns, pastures, gardens, and recreational areas). These substituted 5-membered ring molecules (such as lactams or thiolactams) can be replaced by fluorinated benzyls and other groups (such as amino acid groups or derivatives thereof). The present disclosure also includes methods for using these molecules to control undesirable vegetation. In some aspects, undesirable vegetation is present in row crops. In some aspects, undesirable vegetation is present in maize, soybeans, canola, cotton, beans, sunflower, sugar beet, wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, millet, or oats. In some aspects, molecules are gramineous herbicides for controlling undesirable vegetation (including grass-type species). 1. definition

[0040] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms used herein will have their customary meanings in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents. To the extent that the term "or" is employed (e.g., A or B), it is intended to mean "A or B or both." If the disclosure is intended to indicate "only A or B but not both," the term "only A or B but not both" will be used. Thus, the use of the term "or" herein is inclusive and not exclusive.

[0041] As used herein, the terms "herbicide" and "herbicidally active ingredient" refer to active ingredients that kill, control, or otherwise adversely modify the growth of vegetation, particularly undesirable vegetation (eg, weed species), when applied in appropriate amounts.

[0042] As used herein, the term "herbicidal effect" is the adverse effect of an active ingredient on vegetation, including, for example, deviation from natural growth or development, killing, conditioning, desiccation, growth inhibition, growth reduction, and retardation. The term "herbicidal activity" generally refers to the herbicidal effect of an active ingredient.

[0043] As used herein, the term "herbicide resistance" refers to the genetic ability of an individual plant to survive an application of a herbicide that would kill a normal population of the same plant species. Herbicide resistance in a plant species typically arises from the application of a herbicide to plants of that species in a particular location.

[0044] As used herein, the term "herbicide tolerance" refers to the inherent ability of a plant species to survive and reproduce after being treated with a herbicide at normal use rates. Thus, herbicide tolerance is a natural tolerance within a normal population of a plant species, rather than a resistance selected for in that species by application of a herbicide.

[0045] As used herein, a "composition" is a mixture comprising at least one herbicide and further comprising other ingredients that are used to enhance the properties or effectiveness of the mixture in some way. Other ingredients may include, but are not limited to, diluents, surfactants, adjuvants, antifoaming agents, emulsifiers, colorants, dispersants, antifreeze agents, and other such ingredients.

[0046] As used herein, "applying" an herbicide or herbicidal composition means delivering it directly to the target vegetation or its location or area where control of undesirable vegetation is desired. Application methods include, but are not limited to, contacting the soil or water before emergence, contacting the undesirable vegetation after emergence, or contacting an area adjacent to the undesirable vegetation.

[0047] As used herein, the term "vegetation" can include, for example, dormant seeds, germinated seeds, emerged seedlings, plants propagated from vegetative propagules, immature vegetation, and established vegetation.

[0048] As used herein, the term "crop" refers to desirable vegetation, for example, plants grown to provide food, shelter, pasture, erosion control, etc. Example crops include cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruit and timber trees, grapevines, etc. Preferably, the herbicide or herbicidal composition has zero or minimal herbicidal effect on the crop plants.

[0049] As used herein, the term "undesirable vegetation" refers to vegetation that is not wanted in a given area, such as weed species. Herbicides or herbicidal compositions are used to control undesirable vegetation. Preferably, the herbicide or herbicidal composition has a large or complete herbicidal effect on the undesirable vegetation.

[0050] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, "acyl" refers to formyl, C1-C3 alkylcarbonyl, and C1-C3 haloalkylcarbonyl. C1-C6 acyl refers to formyl, C1-C5 alkylcarbonyl, and C1-C5 haloalkylcarbonyl (the group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms in total).

[0051] As used herein, "alkyl" refers to a saturated straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon moiety. Unless otherwise indicated, it means a C1-C16 alkyl group. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methyl-ethyl, butyl, 1-methyl-propyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl, pentyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, 1,2-dimethyl-propyl, 1-methyl-pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, 3-methyl-pentyl propyl, 1,2,2-trimethyl-propyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-propyl, and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl.

[0052] As used herein, "haloalkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group, wherein in these groups, hydrogen atoms may be partially or completely replaced by halogen atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, it means a C1-C16 group. Examples include chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl and 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-2-yl.

[0053] As used herein, "alkenyl" refers to an unsaturated straight or branched hydrocarbon moiety containing a double bond. Unless otherwise indicated, it means a C3-C16 alkenyl. An alkenyl group may contain more than one unsaturated bond. Examples include ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-Methyl-3-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2-methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl , 2-methyl-3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl The following are examples of the present invention: vinyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propenyl, and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl. Vinyl refers to a group having the structure -CH=CH2; 1-propenyl refers to a group having the structure -CH=CH-CH3; and 2-propenyl refers to a group having the structure -CH2-CH=CH2.

[0054] As used herein, "alkynyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon moiety containing a triple bond. Unless otherwise indicated, it means a C3-C16 alkynyl. An alkynyl group may contain more than one unsaturated bond. Examples include C2-C6-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (or propargyl), 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-ethyl-2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 4-methyl -1-pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 4-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1-methyl-4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4-pentynyl, 3-methyl-4-pentynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1-ethyl-3-butynyl, 2-ethyl-3-butynyl, and 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl.

[0055] As used herein, "alkoxy" refers to a group having the formula RO-, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Unless otherwise indicated, it refers to a group wherein R is C1-C 10 Alkoxy groups of alkyl groups. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 1-methyl-ethoxy, butoxy, 1-methyl-propoxy, 2-methyl-propoxy, 1,1-dimethyl-ethoxy, pentoxy, 1-methyl-butoxy, 2-methyl-butoxy, 3-methyl-butoxy, 2,2-dimethyl-propoxy, 1-ethyl-propoxy, hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-propoxy, 1,2-dimethyl-propoxy, 1-methyl-pentoxy, 2-methyl-pentoxy, 3-methyl -pentoxy, 4-methyl-pentoxy, 1,1-dimethyl-butoxy, 1,2-dimethyl-butoxy, 1,3-dimethyl-butoxy, 2,2-dimethyl-butoxy, 2,3-dimethyl-butoxy, 3,3-dimethyl-butoxy, 1-ethyl-butoxy, 2-ethyl-butoxy, 1,1,2-trimethyl-propoxy, 1,2,2-trimethyl-propoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-propoxy, and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-propoxy.

[0056] As used herein, "haloalkoxy" refers to a group having the formula RO-, wherein R is a haloalkyl group as defined above. Unless otherwise indicated, it refers to a group wherein R is C1-C 10Examples include chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1-chloroethoxy, 1-bromoethoxy, 1-fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, and 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-2-oxy.

[0057] As used herein, "alkylthio" refers to a group having the formula RS-, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Unless otherwise indicated, it refers to a group wherein R is C1-C 10 Examples include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, 1-methylethylthio, butylthio, 1-methyl-propylthio, 2-methylpropylthio, 1,1-dimethylethylthio, pentylthio, 1-methylbutylthio, 2-methylbutylthio, 3-methylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-ethylpropylthio, hexylthio, 1,1-dimethylpropylthio, 1,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-methylpentylthio, 2-methylpentylthio, 3-methyl propylthio, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropylthio, and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropylthio.

[0058] As used herein, "haloalkylthio" refers to an alkylthio as defined above, wherein the carbon atoms are partially or completely replaced by halogen atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, it means a haloalkylthio wherein R is a C1-C8 alkyl. Examples include chloromethylthio, bromomethylthio, dichloromethylthio, trichloromethylthio, fluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, chlorofluoromethylthio, dichlorofluoromethylthio, chlorodifluoromethylthio, 1-chloroethylthio, 1-bromoethylthio, 1-fluoroethylthio, 2-fluoroethylthio, 2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethylthio, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trichloroethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio and 1,1,1-trifluoropropyl-2-ylthio.

[0059] As used herein, "aryl" and derivative terms such as aryloxy refer to phenyl, indanyl, or naphthyl, with phenyl being preferred. The term heteroaryl and derivative terms such as heteroaryloxy refer to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring containing one or more heteroatoms (i.e., N, O, or S); these aromatic and heteroaromatic rings may be fused to other aromatic and / or heteroaromatic systems. The aryl or heteroaryl substituents may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C6 acyl, C1-C6 alkylthio, C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6 carbamoyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6 dialkylaminocarbonyl, provided that the substituents are sterically compatible and satisfy the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy.

[0060] As used herein, "alkylcarbonyl" refers to an alkyl group bonded to a carbonyl group. C1-C3 alkylcarbonyl and C1-C3 haloalkylcarbonyl refer to groups in which a C1-C3 alkyl group is bonded to a carbonyl group (the group contains 2 to 4 carbon atoms in total).

[0061] As used herein, "alkoxycarbonyl" refers to a group having the formula wherein R is an alkyl group.

[0062] As used herein, "arylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group. 10 Arylalkyl refers to a group wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the group is 7 to 10.

[0063] As used herein, alkylamino refers to an amino group substituted with one or two alkyl groups which may be the same or different.

[0064] As used herein, a haloalkylamino group refers to an alkylamino group in which the carbon atoms of the alkyl group are partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms.

[0065] As used herein, C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl refers to a group having the formula RNHC(O)-, wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl group, and C1-C6 dialkylaminocarbonyl refers to a group having the formula R2NC(O)-, wherein each R is independently a C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0066] As used herein, alkylcarbamoyl refers to a carbamoyl group substituted on the nitrogen with an alkyl group.

[0067] As used herein, "alkyl-sulfonyl" refers to a radical having the formula wherein R is an alkyl group.

[0068] As used herein, carbamoyl (also known as carbamoyl and aminocarbonyl) refers to a group having the formula group.

[0069] As used herein, a dialkylphosphono group refers to a group having the formula wherein R at each occurrence is independently an alkyl group.

[0070] As used herein, a C1-C6 trialkylsilyl group refers to a group having the formula -SiR3, wherein each R is independently a C1-C6 alkyl group (the group containing a total of 3 to 18 carbon atoms).

[0071] As used herein, Me refers to methyl; OMe refers to methoxy; i-Pr refers to isopropyl.

[0072] As used herein, the term halogen, including derivative terms such as halo, refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0073] As used herein, agriculturally acceptable salts and esters refer to salts and esters that exhibit herbicidal activity, or are converted into the mentioned herbicides in plants, water, or soil, or are convertible into the mentioned herbicides in plants, water, or soil. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable esters are, for example, those that are hydrolyzed, oxidized, metabolized, or otherwise converted into the corresponding carboxylic acids in plants, water, or soil, or are hydrolyzable, oxidized, metabolized, or otherwise converted into the corresponding carboxylic acids, which may be in dissociated or undissociated form, depending on the pH.

[0074] As used herein, "active ingredient" or "ai" refers to a compound or composition that has an effect on vegetation (eg, a herbicidal effect or a safener effect on vegetation).

[0075] As used herein, "acid equivalent" or "ae" refers to the amount of the acid form of an active ingredient calculated from the amount of the salt or ester form of that active ingredient. For example, if the acid form of active ingredient "Z" has a molecular weight of 100 Daltons, and the salt form of Z has a molecular weight of 130 Daltons, then applying 130 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai / ha) of the salt of Z would be equivalent to applying 100 grams of acid equivalent per hectare (g ae / ha) of the acid form of Z: 130 g ai / ha Z salt*(100 Da Z acid / 130 Da Z salt)=100 g ae / ha Z acid. 2. Substituted 5-membered ring molecules

[0076] Disclosed herein are substituted 5-membered ring molecules, such as substituted lactam molecules or thiolactam molecules, that can be used as herbicides to control undesirable vegetation in various locations, such as cultivated fields, lawns, pastures, gardens, and recreational areas. These molecules include molecules substituted with fluorinated benzyl and amino acid groups and their derivatives.

[0077] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecule is a molecule having formula (I): in: X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR 5 , or S; R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 2 selected from the group consisting of: methyl and cyclopropyl; R 3 selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, and methoxy; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16)-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; and R 5 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy, (C3-C 10 )-alkenyloxy, (C3-C 10 )-alkynyloxy, aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkoxy, heterocyclyl-alkoxy, hydroxy, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl-sulfonyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl, aryl-sulfonyl, heteroaryl-sulfonyl, R 72 R 73 N-sulfonyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-NR 74 -sulfonyl, and aryl-oxy-sulfonyl.

[0078] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (II): in: R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 2 selected from the group consisting of: methyl and cyclopropyl; R 3 selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, and methoxy; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16)-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0079] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (III) in: R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0080] In some aspects, the thiolactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (IV): in: X is selected from O or S; R 1 Selected from H or F; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S, R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0081] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecule is a molecule having formula (V): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0082] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecule is a molecule having formula (VI): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0083] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (VII): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10)-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0084] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (VIII): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70, aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16)-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0085] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (IX): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0086] In some aspects, the lactam-based molecule is a molecule having formula (X): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10)-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, or NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 Together they form a substituted or unsubstituted ring.

[0087] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecules include those given below as Compound A through Compound O. Table 1B: Exemplary substituted 5-membered ring molecules

[0088] The 5-membered ring molecule of the substitution of the present invention exists in specific chiral form, as shown in the molecular structure shown above. However, the 5-membered ring molecule of substitution can also exist in different geometric or optical isomer forms at other positions in each molecule. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that (benefiting from the present disclosure) a stereoisomer can be more active than other stereoisomers. Independent stereoisomers can be obtained by known selective synthesis procedures, by using the conventional synthesis procedures of the starting material of splitting or by using the conventional resolution procedures of the program disclosed herein and composition. The present disclosure encompasses all such chiral forms, isomers, and mixtures thereof in all proportions.

[0089] For example, Figures 1A-1C Exemplary post-emergence data (Tables 5A and 5B) and pre-emergence data (Table 5C) are included, respectively, while Figure 2 includes Tables 6A and 6B containing comparative pre-emergence isomers, for example, from some of the isomers shown in Table 2B below. Table 2: Exemplary isomers 3. Preparation of substituted 5-membered ring molecules

[0090] The substituted 5-membered ring molecules of the present disclosure were prepared according to the procedure given below. Compound A: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester

[0091] Compound A was prepared as follows: (S)-2-(1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid (1.1 grams (g), 4.0 millimoles (mmol)) and L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride (0.67 g, 4.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2, 40 milliliters (mL)) were added to a 250 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar. 3-(((ethylimino)methylene)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine) hydrochloride (0.92 g, 4.8 mmol), triethylamine (0.67 mL, 4.8 mmol), and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.59 g, 4.8 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20°C for 18 hours (h). The reaction product, Compound A, was concentrated to The reaction product was isolated as a slightly yellow viscous oil (89% yield, 97% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound A: ESIMS m / z 383.2 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ7.13-7.00(m,3H),5.96(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.86(dd,J=15.6,1.7Hz,1H),4.54(dd, J=8.6,4.8Hz,1H),4.25(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),3.96(tt,J=8.7,4.5Hz,1H),3.75(s,3H),2.69(dd,J=14.4,4 .2Hz,1H),2.51(ddd,J=16.8,9.7,7.0Hz,1H),2.40(ddd,J=17.1,9.8,5.9Hz,1H),2.31-2.19(m,2H),2. 18-2.11(m,1H),1.82(dddd,J=13.2,9.6,5.9,4.6Hz,1H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=6.9Hz,3H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) δ -137.81 (d, J = 20.9Hz), -144.12 (d, J = 20.8Hz). Compound B: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl Methyl amide)propionate

[0092] Compound B was prepared as follows: (S)-2-(1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid (0.40 g, 1.5 mmol) and (S)-methyl 2-amino-3-cyclopropylpropanoate hydrochloride (0.27 g, 1.5 mmol) in CHCl (15 mL) were added to a 45 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. 3-(((ethylimino)methylene)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride (0.35 g, 1.8 mmol), triethylamine (250 microliters (μL), 1.80 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.22 g, 1.8 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 72 h. The reaction product, Compound B, was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography. The reaction product was isolated as a clear oil (85% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound B: ESIMS m / z 395.2 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ7.12-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.14 (d, J = 7.7Hz, 1H), 4.86 (dd, J = 15.6, 1.7Hz, 1H), 4.64(dt,J=7.8,5.8Hz,1H),4.25(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),3.96(tt,J=8.6,4.4Hz,1H),3.75(s,3H), 2.67(dd,J=14.5,4.4Hz,1H),2.56-2.31(m,2H),2.32-2.14(m,2H),1.83(dddd,J=13.0,10.0 ,5.8,4.5Hz,1H),1.76-1.63(m,2H),0.71-0.56(m,1H),0.54-0.40(m,2H),0.12-0.03(m,2H); 19 FNMR (376MHz, CDCl3) δ -137.83 (d, J = 21.2Hz), -144.09 (d, J = 20.8Hz). Compound C: (2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine Methyl ester

[0093] Compound C was prepared by adding (S)-2-(1-(2,3,5-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid (290 mg, 1.0 mmol), L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride (170 mg, 1.0 mmol), 3-(((ethylimino)methylene)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride (210 mg, 1.1 mmol), and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (130 mg, 1.1 mmol) to a 20 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar, followed by CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and then triethylamine (280 μl, 2.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 22°C for 16 h. The reaction product was isolated as a viscous colorless oil (71% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound C: ESIMS m / z 401.2 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ6.90-6.81(m,1H),6.77(ddt,J=7.7,4.9,2.5Hz,1H),6.03(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.7 9(dt,J=15.9,1.1Hz,1H),4.55(dd,J=8.7,4.8Hz,1H),4.27(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),4.00(tt,J=7.9,4.6Hz, 1H),3.75(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),2.66(dd,J=14.6,4.6Hz,1H),2.57-2.48(m,1H),2.47-2.38(m,1H),2.36-2 .23(m,2H),2.17-2.12(m,1H),1.83(dddd,J=13.0,9.6,6.0,4.8Hz,1H),0.91(dd,J=15.1,6.9Hz,6H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) δ-114.27--114.34(m),-132.93(dd,J=21.2,3.1Hz),-148.73(dd,J=21.0,15.3Hz). Compound D: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl) Methyl acetamido)propionate

[0094] Compound D was prepared as follows: (S)-2-(5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid (0.57 g, 2.0 mmol) and (S)-2-amino-3-cyclopropylpropionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (0.36 g, 2.0 mmol) were added to a 45 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. 3-(((ethylimino)methylene)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride (0.46 g, 2.4 mmol), triethylamine (340 μL, 2.4 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (290 mg, 2.4 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction product, compound D, was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography. The reaction product (95% yield, 97% purity) was isolated as a yellow oil. The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound D: ESIMS m / z 413.3 ([M+H] + ]); 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ6.84(dddd,J=9.6,7.9,6.1,3.1Hz,1H),6.77(ddt,J=7.7,4.9,2.5Hz,1H),6.18(d,J=7.7Hz,1 H),4.78(dt,J=15.9,1.1Hz,1H),4.64(dt,J=7.7,5.8Hz,1H),4.27(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),4.00(tt,J=8.1,4.7Hz,1H),3. 75(s,3H),2.63(dd,J=14.6,4.7Hz,1H),2.56-2.46(m,1H),2.41(ddd,J=17.1,9.7,5.9Hz,1H),2.36-2.21(m,2H),1 .83(dddd,J=13.1,9.6,5.8,4.6Hz,1H),1.76-1.63(m,2H),0.69-0.58(m,1H),0.53-0.41(m,2H),0.10-0.01(m,2H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) δ-114.22--114.39(m),-132.92--133.02(m),-148.63--148.75(m). Compound E: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine

[0095] Compound E was prepared as follows: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester (0.15 g, 0.38 mmol) in a THF (1.1 mL) / water (0.37 mL) solvent mixture was added to a 25 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Lithium hydroxide (0.046 g, 1.9 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 molar (M) hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1.9 mL) and diluted with CH2Cl2 (5 mL). The resulting mixture was concentrated and diluted with water and ethyl acetate. Brine (10 mL) was added to the aqueous layer, and the resulting mixture was extracted with additional ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give Compound E. The reaction product was isolated as a white solid (97% yield, 98% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound E: ESIMS m / z 369.2 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.62(br s,1H),8.17(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.34(dtd,J=9.9,8.0,1.7Hz,1H),7.18(tdd,J=8.2,5.0,1.5Hz,1 H),7.11-7.04(m,1H),4.74(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),4.24(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.17(dd,J=8.6,5.6Hz,1 H),3.77(tt,J=8.4,4.3Hz,1H),2.57(dd,J=13.7,4.5Hz,1H),2.42-2.32(m,2H),2.24(ddd,J=1 6.7,9.7,5.0Hz,1H),2.16-1.99(m,2H),1.77(ddt,J=13.4,9.3,4.7Hz,1H),0.89-0.83(m,6H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -139.32 (d, J = 22.1Hz), -144.08 (d, J = 22.1Hz). Compound F: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl amido)propionic acid

[0096] Compound F was prepared as follows: lithium hydroxide (0.097 g, 4.1 mmol) and (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamido)-propionic acid methyl ester (0.32 g, 0.81 mmol) were added to a 25 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar in a THF (2.4 mL) / water (0.8 mL) solvent mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 equivalent of (N) HCl (4.5 mL). The reaction mixture was diluted with CHCl (5 mL) and saturated NaCl (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The reaction product, compound F, was isolated as a white solid (96% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound F: ESIMS m / z 381.1 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.58(br s,1H),8.33(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.34(dtd,J=9.9,8.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.18(td,J=8.1,5.3Hz,1H),7.07(t,J=7.0Hz,1 H),4.74(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.29-4.20(m,2H),3.78(tt,J=8.3,4.2Hz,1H),2.56(dd,J=13.8,4.6Hz,1H),2.43-2 .17(m,3H),2.10(dt,J=12.9,8.5Hz,1H),1.77(ddt,J=13.5,9.3,4.5Hz,1H),1.61-1.45(m,2H),0.73(qq,J=7.5 ,4.9,3.8Hz,1H),0.38(qq,J=8.8,4.4Hz,2H),0.13(dq,J=7.5,4.1,3.7Hz,1H),0.02(dq,J=7.7,3.4,2.9Hz,1H); 19 F NMR (376MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -139.32 (d, J = 22.1Hz), -144.08 (d, J = 22.0Hz). Compound G: (2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine

[0097] Compound G was prepared as follows: (2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester (0.50 g, 1.3 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (0.10 g, 2.5 mmol) in methanol (5.0 mL) were added under air in a 20 mL vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Water (1.3 mL) was added thereto, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70 ° C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (5 mL) and acidified to pH 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. After a while, the reaction product, compound G, began to precipitate as a white solid. The acidified mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, and the precipitated reaction product was collected by filtration. The solid thus obtained was washed with water and dried under air. The reaction product was isolated as a white powder (88% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to verify the identity of compound G: ESIMS m / z 387.1 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (500MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.68(s,1H),8.16(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.45(dddd,J=11.3,8.9,6.1,3.1Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=5. 7,3.2Hz,1H),4.70(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.26(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.17(dd,J=8.6,5.6Hz,1H),3.82(ddd,J=12.6,8.3,4. 3Hz,1H),2.58(dd,J=13.9,4.7Hz,1H),2.36(ddd,J=17.0,8.9,6.1Hz,2H),2.26(ddd,J=16.6,9.7,5.2Hz,1H),2.12( ddt,J=12.6,9.8,7.7Hz,1H),2.04(dq,J=13.3,6.7Hz,1H),1.78(dp,J=13.8,4.9Hz,1H),0.86(dd,J=6.9,4.0Hz,6H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -114.86 (dd, J = 15.4, 3.3Hz), -134.42 (dd, J = 21.8, 3.3Hz), -148.01 (dd, J = 22.1, 15.2Hz). Compound H: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl) Acetamido ) Propionic acid

[0098] Compound H was prepared as follows: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamido)propanoic acid methyl ester (580 mg, 1.4 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (0.17 g, 7.0 mmol) were added in a 25 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar in a THF (4.2 mL) / water (1.4 mL) solvent mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 M HCl (7.5 mL), diluted with water (10 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The reaction product, compound H, was isolated as a white solid (89% yield, 97% purity). The following data were generated to verify the identity of compound H: ESIMS m / z 399.3 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.61(br s,1H),8.32(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.46(dddd,J=11.2,9.0,6.2,3.2Hz,1H),6.95(dp,J=8.1,2.4Hz,1H),4.70 (d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.29-4.19(m,2H),3.82(tt,J=8.3,4.4Hz,1H),2.55(dd,J=13.9,4.8Hz,1H),2.42-2. 19(m,3H),2.12(ddt,J=12.7,9.6,7.7Hz,1H),1.77(ddt,J=13.7,9.5,4.7Hz,1H),1.62-1.43(m,2H),0.7 3(dtt,J=12.2,7.1,3.7Hz,1H),0.45-0.31(m,2H),0.13(dtd,J=8.7,4.5,2.9Hz,1H),0.06-0.00(m,1H); 19 F NMR (376MHz, DMSO-d6) δ-114.83--114.96(m),-134.34--134.54(m),-148.01(dd,J=22.2,15.3Hz). Compound I: N-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-O-methyl- L-Threonine methyl ester

[0099] Compound I was prepared as follows: (S)-2-(1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid (0.40 g, 1.5 mmol) and O-methyl-L-threonine methyl ester hydrochloride (0.28 g, 1.5 mmol) were added to a 45 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar in CHCl (15.0 mL). 3-(((ethylimino)methylene)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride (0.35 g, 1.8 mmol), triethylamine (0.25 mL, 1.8 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.22 g, 1.8 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction product, Compound I, was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography. The reaction product was isolated as a clear oil (85% yield, 97% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound 1: ESIMS m / z 399.2 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ7.14-6.98(m,3H),6.18(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.88(d,J=15.7Hz,1H) ,4.59(dd,J=9.1,2.3Hz,1H),4.25(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.01-3.88(m,2H),3.75(s,3H),3 .28(s,3H),2.73(dd,J=14.4,4.2Hz,1H),2.51(ddd,J=16.8,9.5,7.0Hz,1H),2.39(ddd ,J=17.0,9.7,5.7Hz,1H),2.32-2.19(m,2H),1.90-1.78(m,1H),1.15(d,J=6.3Hz,3H); 19 F NMR (376MHz, CDCl3) δ -137.86 (d, J = 20.8Hz), -144.01 (d, J = 19.3Hz). Compound J: N-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-O-methyl- L-Threonine

[0100] Compound J was prepared as follows: N-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-O-methyl-L-threonine methyl ester (0.40 g, 1.0 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (0.12 g, 5.1.0 mL) solvent mixture were added to a 25 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 20 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1M HCl (5.5 mL) and diluted with water (10 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL). The aqueous layer of the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×4). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The reaction product was isolated as a white solid (80% yield, 98% purity). The following data were generated to verify the identity of compound J: ESIMS m / z 385.0 ([M+H] + ); 1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.71(br s,1H),8.22(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.35(dtd,J=9.8,8.0,1.7Hz,1H),7.18(tdd,J=8.2,5.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.15-7.03( m,1H),4.74(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.37(dd,J=9.0,3.1Hz,1H),4.25(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),3.85(qd,J=6.2,3.0Hz,1H) ,3.76(tt,J=8.3,4.1Hz,1H),3.22(s,3H),2.62(dd,J=13.5,4.4Hz,1H),2.38(ddd,J=17.0,13.1,8.7Hz,2H),2 .23(ddd,J=16.6,9.6,4.8Hz,1H),2.14-2.00(m,1H),1.79(ddt,J=13.4,9.2,4.5Hz,1H),1.03(d,J=6.3Hz,3H); 19 F NMR (376MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -139.37 (d, J = 22.1Hz), -144.07 (d, J = 22.1Hz). Compound K: O-methyl-N-(2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl (4-amino-2-threonine) methyl ester

[0101] Compound K was prepared as follows: (S)-2-(5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid (0.29 g, 1.0 mmol) and O-methyl-L-threonine methyl ester hydrochloride (0.18 g, 1.0 mmol) in CHCl (10 mL) were added to a 45 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. 3-(((ethylimino)methylene)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride (0.23 g, 1.2 mmol), triethylamine (170 μL, 1.2 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.15 g, 1.2 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction product, Compound K, was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography. The reaction product was isolated as a clear oil (77% yield, 98% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of compound K: ESIMS m / z 417.1 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ6.90-6.72(m,2H),6.15(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.86-4.77(m,1H),4.59(d d,J=9.1,2.3Hz,1H),4.27(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.06-3.89(m,2H),3.76(s,3H),3.28(s,3H), 2.70(dd,J=14.5,4.5Hz,1H),2.53(ddd,J=16.7,9.5,7.0Hz,1H),2.42(ddd,J=16.9,9.6, 5.8Hz,1H),2.36-2.24(m,2H),1.85(ddt,J=13.0,10.1,5.3Hz,1H),1.15(d,J=6.3Hz,3H); 19 F NMR (376MHz, CDCl3) δ-114.33--114.40(m),-132.92--133.00(m),-148.57--148.68(m). Compound L: O-methyl-N-(2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl (amino)-L-threonine

[0102] Compound N was prepared as follows: lithium hydroxide (0.054 g, 2.3 mmol) and O-methyl-N-(2-((S)-5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-threonine methyl ester (0.19 g, 0.45 mmol) were added to a 25 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar in a THF (1.4 mL) / water (0.45 mL) solvent mixture. The reaction was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 M HCl (2.5 mL) and then diluted with water (3 mL) and brine (3 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CHCl (10 mL×5). The combined organic phase layers were passed through a phase separator and concentrated. The reaction product, compound N (92% yield, 97% purity), was isolated as a white solid. The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound N: ESIMS m / z 403.1 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.71(s,1H),8.21(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.45(dddd,J=11.2,9.0,6.1,3.2H z,1H),6.95(qd,J=5.1,2.4Hz,1H),4.70(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.37(dd,J=9.0,3.1Hz,1H),4.27(d, J=16.2Hz,1H),3.90-3.75(m,2H),3.22(s,3H),2.63(dd,J=13.6,4.6Hz,1H),2.43-2.32(m,2H), 2.25(ddd,J=16.7,9.6,5.1Hz,1H),2.16-2.05(m,1H),1.85-1.73(m,1H),1.04(d,J=6.3Hz,3H); 19 FNMR (376MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -114.89 (dd, J = 15.2, 4.0Hz), -134.49 (dd, J = 22.0, 3.8Hz), -148.02 (dd, J = 22.3, 15.5Hz). Compound M: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-thiopyrrolidin-2-yl)thioacetyl)-L-valinosine Methyl ester

[0103] Compound M was prepared as follows: Lawesson's reagent (0.58 g, 1.4 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester (0.50 g, 1.3 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) at room temperature. The resulting yellow suspension was stirred at 65 ° C for 2 h, and the progress of the reaction was monitored by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The formation of mono / dithiolactams in a ratio of 4: 1 was observed. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. After 16 h, 80% of the desired product, Compound M, was observed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The resulting reaction mixture was purified using flash column chromatography with 0%-100% acetone / hexane and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) detection. The main ELSD peak was collected, concentrated, and dried to provide Compound M. The reaction product was isolated as a colorless oil (50% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to verify the identity of Compound M: ESIMS m / z 415.0 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ7.66 (d, J = 8.1Hz, 1H), 7.22-6.82 (m, 3H), 5.60 (d, J = 15.2Hz, 1H),5.12(dd,J=8.1,4.6Hz,1H),4.66(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),4.53(tt,J=8.5,4.2Hz,1 H),3.78(s,3H),3.24-2.93(m,3H),2.69(dd,J=13.6,9.2Hz,1H),2.48-2.14(m,2H ),1.92(ddt,J=13.1,8.9,4.6Hz,1H),1.03(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.9Hz,3H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) δ-137.30 (ddd, J=21.1, 10.1, 5.0Hz), -143.22 (d, J=20.9Hz). Compound N: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-thiopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester

[0104] Compound N was prepared as follows: Lawesson's reagent (0.29 g, 0.72 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester (0.50 g, 1.3 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (13 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was kept stirring overnight. After 16 h, 90% of the desired product, Compound N, was observed by UPLC. The resulting reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography using 0%-100% acetone / hexane and ELSD detection. The main ELSD peak was collected, concentrated, and dried to provide Compound N. The reaction product was isolated as a colorless oil (56% yield, 90% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound N: ESIMS m / z 399.0 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ7.20-6.96(m,3H),5.93(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.72-5.52(m,1H),4.63( d,J=15.4Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=8.6,4.8Hz,1H),4.30(tt,J=8.7,4.3Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H), 3.21-2.99(m,2H),2.74(dd,J=14.6,4.3Hz,1H),2.42-2.23(m,2H),2.16(pd,J=6.9,4.8 Hz,1H),1.88(ddt,J=13.5,9.2,5.0Hz,1H),0.93(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.90(d,J=6.9Hz,3H); 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) δ -137.34 (d, J = 24.1Hz), -143.55 (d, J = 20.3Hz). Compound O: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-thiopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine

[0105] Compound O was prepared as follows: (2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-thiopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetyl)-L-valine methyl ester (0.11 g, 0.28 mmol) in a THF (1.1 mL) / water (0.37 mL) solvent mixture was added to a 25 mL reaction vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Lithium hydroxide (9.9 mg, 0.41 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 18 h. The THF layer of the reaction mixture was evaporated, and the remaining reaction mixture was acidified to pH 5 with 1M HCl (1.5 mL). The acidified mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (5 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give the reaction product, compound O. The reaction product was isolated as a white solid (63% yield, 90% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of compound O: ESIMS m / z 385.0 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.60(s,1H),8.21(dd,J=17.5,8.6Hz,1H),7.38(dtd,J=10.2,8.2,1.7Hz ,1H),7.19(dtd,J=8.2,5.8,2.5Hz,1H),7.07(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.42(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),4.70(d,J= 15.9Hz,1H),4.29-4.13(m,2H),3.08-2.85(m,2H),2.68(dd,J=13.9,4.5Hz,1H),2.52-2.44(m,1H ), 2.31-2.09(m,1H),2.05(dq,J=13.3,6.9Hz,1H),1.94-1.74(m,1H),0.86(dd,J=6.8,3.1Hz,6H). Compound P: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-thiopyrrolidin-2-yl)thio Methyl (2-(2-hydroxyacetamido)propionate

[0106] Compound P was prepared as follows: Lawesson's reagent (0.77 g, 1.9 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamido)propanoic acid methyl ester (1.0 g, 2.5 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (25 mL) at room temperature. The resulting yellow suspension was stirred at 40 ° C for 24 h, and the reaction progress was monitored by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The formation of mono / bisthiolactams in a ratio of 1.6: 1 was observed. The resulting reaction mixture was purified using flash column chromatography with 0%-100% acetone / hexane and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) detection. The main ELSD peak was collected, concentrated, and dried to provide compound P. The reaction product was isolated as a colorless oil (28% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound P: ESIMS m / z 427 ([M+H] + ); 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3) δ7.09(dt,J=23.3,7.9Hz,3H),6.12(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.59(d,J=15.4 Hz,1H),4.74-4.50(m,2H),4.30(dt,J=8.6,4.3Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.25-2.93(m,2H),2. 72(dd,J=14.6,4.4Hz,1H),2.32(dt,J=13.0,8.8Hz,2H),2.04-1.79(m,1H),1.70(qt,J=1 4.0, 6.4Hz, 2H), 0.63 (d, J = 7.0Hz, 1H), 0.48 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.8Hz, 2H), 0.06 (t, J = 3.8Hz, 2H). Compound Q: (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-thiopyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl Methyl amide)propionate

[0107] Compound Q was prepared as follows: Lawesson's reagent (0.71 g, 1.8 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-((S)-1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamido)methyl propionate (1.3 g, 3.4 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (25 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was kept stirring for 48 h. The resulting reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography using 0%-100% acetone / hexane and ELSD detection. The main ELSD peak was collected, concentrated, and dried to provide Compound Q. The reaction product was isolated as a colorless oil (65% yield, 90% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of Compound Q: ESIMS m / z 411 ([M+H] + ); 1 H NMR(500MHz, CDCl3)δ7.20-6.98(m,3H),6.24-6.07(m,1H),5.59(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),4 .67-4.59(m,2H),4.30(tt,J=8.6,4.3Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.22-3.01(m,2H),2.72(d d,J=14.7,4.4Hz,1H),2.40-2.23(m,2H),1.90(ddt,J=13.5,9.3,4.9Hz,1H),1.80-1 .58(m,2H),0.63(dtt,J=14.8,7.2,3.7Hz,1H),0.52-0.43(m,2H),0.11-0.02(m,2H). 4. Composition

[0108] The present disclosure also includes compositions containing the substituted 5-membered ring molecular herbicides disclosed herein. Compositions are mixtures comprising at least one substituted 5-membered ring molecular herbicide or compound PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof) and further comprising other additives for enhancing the properties or effectiveness of the mixture in some way. Exemplary additives include, but are not limited to, adjuvants, safeners, carriers, and combinations thereof. The compositions can be in various physical states, including, but not limited to, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, granules, powders, and other such states. 1. Auxiliary agents

[0109] In some aspects, the additive comprises an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, antifreeze agents, defoamers, compatibilizers, sequestrants, neutralizers and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, colorants, flavor enhancers, penetration aids, wetting agents, spreading agents, dispersants, thickeners, freezing point depressants, biocides, crop oils, adhesives (e.g., for use in seed formulations), surfactants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, tackifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0110] Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, crop oil concentrates (e.g., 85% mineral oil + 15% emulsifier); nonylphenol ethoxylates; benzyl cocoalkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salts; blends of petroleum hydrocarbons, alkyl esters, organic acids, and anionic surfactants; C9-C 11 Alkyl polyglycoside; Phosphate alcohol ethoxylate; Natural primary alcohol (C 12 -C 16 ) ethoxylate; di-sec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymer; methyl terminated polysiloxane; nonylphenol ethoxylate + urea ammonium nitrate; emulsified methylated seed oil; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (e.g., 8EO); tallow amine ethoxylate (e.g., 15EO); and PEG (400) dioleate-99.

[0111] Exemplary surfactants (e.g., wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants, emulsifiers) include, but are not limited to, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and ammonium salts of fatty acids or aromatic sulfonic acids (e.g., lignin sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, and dibutylnaphthalene sulfonic acid); alkyl- and alkylaryl sulfonates; alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates, and fatty alcohol sulfates; salts of sulfated cetyl, heptadecanol, and stearyl alcohol; salts of fatty alcohol glycol ethers; condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde; condensates of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde; polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers ; ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl or tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers; alkylaryl polyether alcohols; isotridecanol; fatty alcohol / ethylene oxide condensates; ethoxylated castor oil; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers; lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetates; sorbitan esters; lignin sulfite waste liquors and proteins; denatured proteins, polysaccharides (e.g., methylcellulose); hydrophobically modified starches; and polyvinyl alcohols, polycarboxylates, polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamines, polyethyleneimines, polyvinylpyrrolidones, and copolymers thereof.

[0112] Exemplary thickening agents include, but are not limited to, polysaccharides (eg, xanthan gum), organic and inorganic platelet minerals, and mixtures thereof.

[0113] Exemplary defoaming agents include, but are not limited to, silicone emulsions, long chain alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, organofluorine compounds, and mixtures thereof.

[0114] Exemplary antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, bactericides based on dichlorophenol and benzyl alcohol hemiformal; isothiazolinone derivatives, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones; and mixtures thereof.

[0115] Exemplary antifreeze agents include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, glycerin, and mixtures thereof.

[0116] Exemplary colorants include, but are not limited to, dyes known by the name Rhodamine B, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 112, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 48:1, Pigment Red 57:1, Pigment Red 53:1, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Brown 25, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 49, Acid Red 51, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 14, Acid Blue 9, Acid Yellow 23, Basic Red 10, Basic Red 108, and mixtures thereof.

[0117] Exemplary binders include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, tylose, and mixtures thereof. 2.Safener

[0118] In some aspects, the additive is a safener. Safener is a compound that causes better crop plant compatibility when applied with a herbicide. In some aspects, the safener itself has herbicidal activity. In some aspects, the safener acts as an antidote or antagonist in crop plants and can protect crop plants from damage that may otherwise occur due to the herbicide applied. Exemplary safeners include but are not limited to AD-67 (MON 4660), cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cloquintocet-mexyl, cyclopropylsulfonamide, cyclomethuron, dichloropropane, dicyclonon, dietholate, pyralid, pyralid, pyralid, pyralid-ethyl, pyralid, pyralid, fluazifop, pyralid, hypersensitive protein, isoxadiazole-ethyl, jiecaowan, pyralid In some respects, safener can be quinoline or its ester or salt, such as cloquintocet-mexyl. In some respects, safener can be quinoline or its ester or salt, such as quinoline-mexyl. In some respects, safener can be quinoline or its ester or salt, such as quinoline-mexyl. In some respects, safener is used for rice, cereal or maize. For example, quinoline or quinoline can be used for the harmful effects of antagonistic compositions to rice, row crops and cereal. 3. Carrier

[0119] In some aspects, the additive comprises a carrier. In some aspects, the additive comprises a liquid or solid carrier. In some aspects, the additive comprises an organic or inorganic carrier. Exemplary liquid carriers include, but are not limited to: water; petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons, such as mineral oil, aromatic solvents, paraffin oil, etc.; vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil, etc.; esters of the above vegetable oils; esters of monohydric alcohols or dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or other lower polyols (containing 4-6 hydroxyl groups), such as 2-ethylhexyl stearate, n-butyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol dioleate, dioctyl succinate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl phthalate, etc.; esters of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids, etc.; toluene; xylene; naphtha; crop oils; acetone; methyl ethyl ketone; cyclohexanone; trichloroethylene; perchloroethylene; ethyl acetate; amyl acetate; butyl acetate; propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; methanol; ethanol; isopropyl alcohol; amyl alcohol; ethylene glycol; propylene glycol; glycerol; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; N; N-dimethylalkylamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; and liquid fertilizers, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary solid carriers include, but are not limited to, silicon dioxide, silica gel, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, red basalt, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, pyrophyllite clay, attapulgite clay, talc, calcium carbonate, bentonite, Fuller's earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soy flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, cereal flour, bark flour, wood and nut shell flour, cellulose powder, and mixtures thereof. 4. Physical state

[0120] In some aspects, the composition comprising the substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide can exist in suspension, emulsification, dissolution, or solid form. Exemplary compositions include but are not limited to aqueous solutions, aqueous suspensions, aqueous dispersions, aqueous emulsions, aqueous microemulsions, aqueous suspoemulsions, oil solutions, oil suspensions, oil dispersions, oil emulsions, oil microemulsions, oil suspoemulsions, self-emulsifying formulations, gels, pastes, powders, pulvis, granules, and broadcasting materials.

[0121] In some aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecular herbicide is in an aqueous solution that can be diluted before use. In various aspects, the substituted 5-membered ring molecular herbicide can be provided as a high concentration formulation (such as a concentrate). In some aspects, the concentrate is stable and maintains effectiveness during storage and transportation. In different aspects, the concentrate is a clear, uniform liquid that is stable at a temperature of 54°C or higher. In some aspects, the concentrate does not exhibit any solid precipitation at a temperature of 10°C or higher. In some aspects, the concentrate does not exhibit separation, precipitation, or crystallization of any component at low temperatures. For example, the concentrate maintains a clear solution at a temperature below 0°C (for example, below -5°C, below -10°C, below -15°C). In some aspects, even at a temperature as low as 5°C, the concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than 50 centipoise (50 MPa). In some aspects, the concentrate exhibits no separation, precipitation, or crystallization of any component during storage for a period of 2 weeks or more (e.g., 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, or 12 months or more).

[0122] In some aspects, emulsions, gels, pastes or oil dispersions can be prepared by homogenizing the substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide in water using a wetting agent, a tackifier, a dispersant, or an emulsifier. In some aspects, a concentrate suitable for dilution with water can be prepared, which comprises the substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide, a wetting agent, a tackifier, and a dispersant or emulsifier.

[0123] In some aspects, a powder, spreading material, or dust can be prepared by mixing or simultaneously grinding the substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide and optionally other additives with a solid carrier.

[0124] In some aspects, granules (eg, coated granules, impregnated granules, and homogenized granules) can be prepared by combining the substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide with a solid carrier.

[0125] In some aspects, the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 99% of a substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide, based on the total weight of the composition, comprising about 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, 30%, 32.5%, 35%, 37.5%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, 110%, 111%, The concentrate can be diluted with an inert carrier such as water before application. The diluted composition applied to the undesirable vegetation or the locus of undesirable vegetation can contain a total amount of substituted 5-membered ring molecule herbicide in an amount of 0.0006 to 8.0 weight percent (wt %) based on the total weight of the diluted composition (e.g., 0.001 to 5.0 wt %). 5. How to use

[0126] The substituted 5-membered ring molecules or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 disclosed herein (and all stereoisomers thereof) can be formulated into compositions and applied using any known technique for applying herbicides. Exemplary application techniques include, but are not limited to, spraying, atomizing, dusting, sprinkler irrigation, broadcasting, or direct application. The method of application can vary depending on the intended purpose. In some aspects, the method of application can be selected to ensure the best possible distribution of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0127] In some aspects, disclosed herein is a method of controlling undesirable vegetation comprising contacting the vegetation or a locus thereof with any composition or applying any composition to the soil or water to prevent emergence or growth of the vegetation.

[0128] The compositions containing substituted 5-membered ring molecules disclosed herein can be applied before emergence (before the emergence of undesirable vegetation) or after emergence (e.g., during and / or after the emergence of undesirable vegetation). In some aspects, the compositions are applied to the undesirable vegetation after emergence.

[0129] When the composition is used for crops, the composition can be applied after sowing and before or after the crop plants emerge. In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein also show good crop tolerance even when the crop has emerged, and can be applied during or after the crop plants emerge. In some aspects, when the composition is used for crops, these compositions can be applied before the crop plants are sown.

[0130] In some respects, by spraying (for example, foliar spray), composition disclosed herein is applied to vegetation or the region adjacent to vegetation or is applied to soil or water to prevent emerging or growth of vegetation. In some respects, spraying technology uses for example water as carrier and 2 liters / hectare (L / ha) to the spray volume ratio of 2000L / ha (for example, 10-1000L / ha or 50-500L / ha). In some respects, composition disclosed herein is applied by low volume or ultra-low volume method, and wherein this is applied in micro-particle form. In some respects, wherein some crop plants are not too good to the tolerance of composition disclosed herein, described composition can be applied by means of spray equipment, and its mode is for making them hardly contact (if any) with the leaf of sensitive crop plants and arrive simultaneously at the leaf (for example, base application (post-directed) or last field work (lay-by)) of the undesirable vegetation of bottom or exposed soil growth. In some respects, composition disclosed herein can be used as dry composition (for example, particle, powder or pulvis).

[0131] In some respects, wherein undesirable vegetation is processed after emerging, and composition disclosed herein is used by foliar application. In some respects, when the compound of mixture is directly applied to the place of plant or plant before any stage of growth or planting or emerging, the compound of mixture shows herbicidal activity. Observed effect may depend on the environmental conditions when using parameters, the particle size of solid component, use of the type of undesirable vegetation to be controlled, the growth stage of undesirable vegetation, dilution and spray droplet size, and the amount of applied chemicals, used specific compound, used specific adjuvant and carrier, soil type etc., and applied chemicals. In some respects, these and other factors can be regulated to promote non-selective or selective weeding.

[0132] Composition disclosed herein and method can be used for controlling the undesirable vegetation in multiple applications.Composition disclosed herein and method can be used for controlling the undesirable vegetation in region, and described region includes but is not limited to farmland, turf grass, pasture, grassland, pasture, fallow land, roadside, aquatic environment, trees and liana, wildlife management area or pasture. In some respects, undesirable vegetation is controlled in row crops. Exemplary crops include but are not limited to wheat, barley, triticale, rye, teff, oat, maize, cotton, soybean, canola, beans, sunflower, sugar beet, sorghum, rice, millet, sugarcane and pasture (for example, forage grass). In some respects, composition disclosed herein and method can be used for controlling the undesirable vegetation in maize, soybean, canola, cotton, beans, sunflower, sugar beet, wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, millet, oat or its combination. In some respects, compositions disclosed herein and method can be used for industrial vegetation management (IVM) or for public facilities, pipelines, roadsides and railway roadside applications. In some respects, compositions disclosed herein and method can also be used for woodland (for example, for site preparation or for opposing the undesirable vegetation in plantations). In some respects, compositions disclosed herein and method can be used for controlling the undesirable vegetation in conservation fallow program land (CRP), trees, lianas, grasslands and seeding with grass (grassesgrown for seeds). In some respects, compositions disclosed herein and method can be used on lawns (for example, residences, industries and public institutions), golf courses, parks, cemeteries, sports fields and turf farms.

[0133] Compositions and methods disclosed herein can also be used in crop plants that are resistant to, for example, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, pathogens, insects, or a combination thereof. In some respects, compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in crop plants that are resistant to one or more herbicides due to genetic engineering or breeding. In some respects, compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in crop plants that are resistant to one or more pathogens such as plant pathogenic fungi due to genetic engineering or breeding. In some respects, compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in crop plants that are resistant to insect attack due to genetic engineering or breeding. Exemplary resistant crops include, but are not limited to, crops that are resistant to photosystem II inhibitors, or crop plants that are resistant to certain insect attacks due to the introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) toxin genes by genetic modification. In some aspects, the compositions and methods described herein can be used in combination with glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxy auxins, pyridyloxy auxins, aryloxyphenoxy propionates, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, imidazolinones, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitors, triazines, and bromoxynil to control vegetation in crops that are tolerant to glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxy auxins, pyridyloxy auxins, aryloxyphenoxy propionates, ACCase inhibitors, imidazolinones, synthetic auxin herbicides, HPPD inhibitors, PROTOX inhibitors, triazines, bromoxynil, or a combination thereof. In some respects, glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxy growth hormone, pyridyloxy growth hormone, aryloxyphenoxy propionate, ACC enzyme inhibitors, synthetic growth hormone herbicides, HPPD inhibitors, PROTOX inhibitors, triazine and bromoxynil are had to the crop of tolerance and control undesirable vegetation, these crops have single proterties, multiple proterties or the superposition proterties that give single or multiple chemicals and / or multiple modes of action. In some respects, the undesirable vegetation in the crop of ACC enzyme tolerance, ALS tolerance or its combination can be controlled. In some respects, composition as herein described and other complementary herbicides are used simultaneously as combined composition or bucket mixture or are used in the form of sequential application. These compositions and methods can be used for controlling the undesirable vegetation in crops, these crops have agronomy stress tolerance (including but not limited to drought, cold, high temperature, salt, water, nutrient, fertility, pH), pest tolerance (including but not limited to insect, fungi and pathogen) and crop improvement proterties (including but not limited to yield, protein, carbohydrate or oil content; Protein, carbohydrate or oil composition; Plant height and plant structure).

[0134] The compounds and compositions described herein can be used to control the plant species, but are not limited to the weed species found in Randall, RP (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds [Global Weed Compendium]. 3rd Edition. Perth, Western Australia. In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein can be used to control undesirable vegetation, including grasses, broadleaf weeds, sedge weeds, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein can be used to control undesirable vegetation, including but not limited to Echinops species, Aegilops species, Bentgrass species, Alopecurus species, Ambrosia species, Anthemis species, Silkgrass species, Amaranthus species, Avena species, Brachiaria species, Bromus species, Chenopodium species, Tribulus species, Thistle species, Commelina species, Cyperus species, Datura species, Digitaria species, Echinochloa species, Millet species, Atriplex species, Brassica species, Convolvulus species, Species of the genus, species of the genus Pogostemon, species of the genus Euphorbia, species of the genus Geranium, species of the genus Cyperus, species of the genus Ipomoea, species of the genus Sesame, species of the genus Leptochloa, species of the genus Lolium, species of the genus Pleurotus, species of the genus Malva, species of the genus Matricaria, species of the genus Panicum, species of the genus Phragmites, species of the genus Polygonum, species of the genus Prosopis, species of the genus Rumex, species of the genus Setaria, species of the genus Atractylodes, species of the genus Garlic Mustard, species of the genus Solanum, species of the genus Sorghum, species of the genus Trifolium, species of the genus Xanthium, species of the genus Velvet, and species of the genus Viola. In some aspects, the undesirable vegetation includes blackgrass (Avena fatua), wild oats (Avena fatua), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), chickweed (Stellaria media), velvet (Abutilon theophrasti), Sesbania exaltata Cory, Anoda cristata, Bidens pilosa, Brassica akaber, shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), cornflower (Centaurea cyanus or Cyanus segetum), Galeopsis tetrahit, cleaver (Galiumaparine), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), South American leech (Desmodium tortuosum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Kochia scoparia), Medicago arabica, Mercurialis annua, and Myosotisarvensis), poppy (Papaver rhoeas), wild mustard (Raphanus raphanistrum), broad-leaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius), Russian thistle (Salsola kali), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis, Xinjiang, China), sonchus arvensis, thlaspi arvense, marigold (Tagetes minuta), Brazilian duck tongue (Richardia brasiliensis), plantain (Plantago major), longleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata), speedwell (Veronica persica), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), winter rapeseed (Brassica napus), gray rapeseed (Chenopodium album), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), Cyperus esculentus, poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), purple-flowered wild sesame (Lamium purpureum), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), chamomile-shaped matricaria (Matricaria inodora), field chamomile (Anthemis arvensis), common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convulvus), foxtail (Setaria faberi), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), golden foxtail (Setaria pumila), common sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), wild pansy (Viola tricolor), or a combination thereof.

[0135] Compositions as described herein can be used to control herbicide resistance or tolerance weeds. The method using compositions as described herein can also be used to control herbicide resistance or tolerance weeds. Exemplary resistance or tolerance weeds include, but are not limited to, acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors (e.g., imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, pyrimidinylthiobenzoate, triazolopyrimidine, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone), photosystem II inhibitors (e.g., phenylcarbamate, pyridazinone, triazine, triazone, uracil, amide, urea, benzothiadiazinone, nitrile, phenylpyridazine), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (e.g., aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid esters, cyclohexanedione, phenylpyrazoline) , synthetic auxins (e.g., benzoic acid, phenoxycarboxylic acid, pyridine carboxylic acid, quinolinecarboxylic acid), auxin transport inhibitors (e.g., o-benzamidocarboxylate, semicarbazone), photosystem I inhibitors (e.g., bipyridiniums such as paraquat and diquat), 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors (e.g., glyphosate), glutamine synthetase inhibitors (e.g., glufosinate, bialaphos), microtubule assembly inhibitors (e.g., benzamide, benzoic acid, dinitroaniline, phosphoramidate, pyridine), mitotic inhibitors (e.g., carbamates), very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitors (e.g., acetamide, chloroacetamide, oxyacetamide, tetrazolinone), fatty acid and lipid synthesis inhibitors (e.g., phosphorodithioates, thiocarbamates, benzofurans, chlorocarbonates), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitors (e.g., diphenyl ether, N-phenylphthalimide, oxadiazole, oxazolidinedione, phenylpyrazole, pyrimidinedione, thiadiazole, triazolinone), carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., clomazone, chlorfenapyr, benzophenone), ethers), phytoene dehydrogenase (PDS) inhibitors (e.g., amides, anilide dextrins, furanones, phenoxybutyramides, pyridazinones, pyridines), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors (e.g., callicarponone, isoxazoles, pyrazoles, triketides), cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., nitriles, benzamides, quinclorac, triazolocarboxamides), herbicides with multiple modes of action such as quinclorac, and unclassified herbicides such as arylaminopropionic acids, diquat, chloranil, and organoarsenic resistance or tolerance biotypes. Exemplary resistant or tolerant weeds include, but are not limited to, biotypes resistant or tolerant to multiple herbicides, biotypes resistant or tolerant to multiple chemical classes, biotypes resistant or tolerant to multiple herbicide modes of action, and biotypes with multiple resistance or tolerance mechanisms (e.g., target site resistance or metabolic resistance).

[0136] By way of non-limiting illustration, examples of some aspects of the present disclosure are given below. Parts and percentages are on a per weight basis unless otherwise indicated. Examples

[0137] Details of the compositions and crops tested are detailed in the examples below. Evaluation of pesticide activity

[0138] As previously discussed, compounds disclosed herein exhibit different pesticide activities. For example, pesticide activity can include herbicidal activity. The following examples illustrate various types of herbicidal activity (both pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicidal activity). Tables 5A-5C show the post-emergence and pre-emergence herbicidal activity of some of the screened compounds against various weeds and crops.

[0139] Table 3 below lists the plants that were evaluated when various substituted 5-membered ring pesticides were applied. Figure 1A and 1B 5A and 5B, and the pre-emergence control was Figure 1C Examples are shown in Table 5C.

[0140] Also shown are plant selection tabulations of the data shown in Figures 2-18B, Tables 6A-22B, which tabulations include data for mixtures of substituted 5-membered rings with other herbicides and / or safeners, as well as data for mixtures. Figures 18A-18B Also included are some of the disclosed additional substituted 5-membered rings (shown in Table 4 below) and other herbicides. Table 1: Plant species used for evaluation

[0141] The following methods describe various methods used to analyze the pesticide activity against various crops and weeds shown in Figures 1-18B. Method 1: Post-emergence application method for herbicide evaluation

[0142] Seeds of the desired test plant species were planted in a 64 cm² (cm 2 ) surface area of ​​plastic pots filled with a soilless medium planting mix containing BX (PremierTech Horticulture, Quakertown, Pennsylvania, USA) and GREENS GRADE TMIn the present invention, the plant is grown in a greenhouse under the condition of 5.2 to 6.2 ℃ and 50% organic matter content. (Profile Products LLC, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA), pH is 5.2 to 6.2 and organic matter content is minimum 50%. Before using 11 days ago, barnyard grass (barnyard grass) and foxtail grass (cod) were planted together. In an independent pot, before using 14 days and 11 days ago, black grass and wild oats (wild oats) were planted together and bred respectively. Before using 8 days ago, Ipomea hederacea (ivyleaf morningglory) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus / sunflower) were planted in an independent pot. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under the condition of 23 ℃ of daytime and 22 ℃ of night temperature schemes and the breeding period being a 16 hour photoperiod, and returned to the same conditions after the treatment. Subirrigate the plants as needed with water containing Jack's Professional 15-5-154Ca 2Mg fertilizer.

[0143] Each composition of exemplary molecules was dissolved in 2.75 mL of a formulation solvent containing by volume (59% deionized water, 24% acetone, 15% isopropanol, 0.75% DMSO, 1.5% crop oil concentrate, 0.02% Tergitol 15S-7) to deliver a spray rate of 2000 or 4000 grams of active ingredient per hectare (gai / h). The samples were vortexed and sonicated (if necessary) to dissolve the compounds into solution.

[0144] use The formulated compounds were applied to all six species in three pots using a compressed air sprayer at 2-4 pounds per square inch (psi), allowed to dry, and then returned to the greenhouse. After 9-11 days, the condition of the test plants was compared to that of the control plants by visual assessment and evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 percent, with 0 corresponding to no damage and 100 corresponding to complete plant death. Plant damage was assessed visually based on growth inhibition, growth reduction, discoloration, leaf deformity, and necrosis. Method 2: Pre-emergence application method for herbicide evaluation

[0145] The seed of desired test plant species is planted in the circular plastic basin of 12.7cm diameter that contains silt loam mineral soil.The composition of every kind of exemplary molecule is dissolved in the 97:3v / v mixture of acetone and DMSO of 0.67mL, then further with the solvent dilution that contains 78%DIH o, 20% isopropyl alcohol, 2%AgriDex crop oil concentrate and 0.02%Tergitol 15S-7 surfactant of 2.05mL.Sample is vigorously mixed (vortex) and supersound process (if necessary) so that compound enters in solution.Solution is mixed with 15mL DIH o and is poured on the soil that contains potted seeds equably.By bottle with extra 15mL DIH o flushing, it is poured on soil again.

[0146] The treated pots are moved into the greenhouse where the photoperiod is approximately 16 hours (h) and maintained at 23°C during the day and at 22°C at night. The pots are kept moist by overhead irrigation. After 14 days, the conditions of the test plants and the control plants are compared by visual assessment and evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 percentages, with 0 corresponding to no injury and 100 corresponding to no emergence or complete death of the plant after emergence. Visual assessment of plant damage is performed based on growth inhibition, growth reduction, discoloration, leaf deformity and necrosis. Method 3: Post-emergence application method for herbicide evaluation

[0147] Seeds of the desired test plant species were planted in a 64 cm² (cm 2 ) surface area of ​​plastic pots filled with a soilless medium planting mix containing BX (PremierTech Horticulture, Quakertown, Pennsylvania, USA) and GREENS GRADE TM (Profile Products LLC, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA), with a pH between 5.2 and 6.2 and a minimum organic matter content of 50%. In some aspects or embodiments, to help ensure good germination and healthy plants, fungicide treatments and / or other chemical or physical treatments are applied. Plants are grown in a greenhouse for 7-36 days (d) with a photoperiod of approximately 16 hours (h) and a temperature regime of 23°C during the day and 22°C at night. Plants are sub-irrigated with water containing Jack's Professional 15-5-15 4Ca 2Mg fertilizer as needed. Supplemental lighting is provided as needed. When the plants reach the second or third true leaf stage, they are used for testing.

[0148] The composition of every kind of exemplary molecule is weighed to the known amount determined by the highest rate to be tested by being placed in 25mL glass vials, and is dissolved in the 97:3v / v mixture of 4mL acetone and DMSO to obtain concentrated stock solution.If the test compound is not easy to dissolve, then the mixture is warmed and / or ultrasonicated.The concentrated stock solution obtained is diluted with 20mL of an aqueous mixture containing acetone, water, isopropyl alcohol, DMSO, AgriDex crop oil concentrate and Tergitol 15S-7 surfactant with a 48.5:39:10:1.5:1.0:0.02v / v ratio to obtain the spray solution of application rate.The requirement of compound is based on the application volume of 12mL, and the ratio is 187 liters / hectare (L / ha).

[0149] The spray solution was applied to the plant material using an overhead DeVries track sprayer equipped with 8002E nozzles calibrated to spray at 0.503 m2 (m 2 187 L / ha was delivered to an application area of ​​187 L / ha at a spray height of 18 inches (43 centimeters (cm)) above the average plant canopy. Control or untreated plants were sprayed in the same manner with a solvent blank or left untreated. All herbicide application rates are given in grams acid equivalent / hectare (g ae / h) or grams active ingredient / hectare (g ai / h).

[0150] Treated plants and control plants were placed in a greenhouse as described above and watered by subsurface irrigation to prevent removal of the test compound. After 13-15 days, the condition of the test plants was compared with that of the control plants by visual assessment and evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 percent, with 0 corresponding to no damage and 100 corresponding to complete plant death. Plant damage was assessed visually based on reduced growth, discoloration, leaf deformity, and necrosis. Method 4: Post-emergence application method for herbicide evaluation

[0151] Seeds of the desired test plant species were planted in a 64 cm² (cm 2 ) surface area of ​​plastic pots filled with a soilless medium planting mix containing BX (PremierTech Horticulture, Quakertown, Pennsylvania, USA) and GREENS GRADE TM(Profile Products LLC, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA), pH 5.2 to 6.2 and a minimum of 50% organic matter. In some aspects or embodiments, to help ensure good germination and healthy plants, fungicide treatments and / or other chemical or physical treatments are applied. Prior to treatment, plants were grown in a room for 4-13 days (D) with a photoperiod of 16 hours (h) and a temperature regime of 25°C or 28°C during the day or 22°C or 24°C at night, depending on the species. Plants were delivered to a greenhouse with a photoperiod of approximately 14 hours (h) and a temperature regime of 27°C during the day and 24°C at night, during the experiment. Plants were sub-irrigated with water containing Jack's Professional 15-5-15 4Ca 2Mg fertilizer as needed. Supplemental lighting was provided as needed. When the plants reached the second or third true leaf stage, they were used for testing.

[0152] Emulsifiable concentrates of the 5-membered ring molecule were prepared at 100 grams active ingredient per liter (g ai / L). Aliquots of each emulsifiable concentrate were placed in 25 mL glass vials and diluted with 1.0% (v / v) The herbicide combination (Compound A or Compound B) plus second herbicide spray solution was prepared by adding a weighed amount or aliquot of the second herbicide to the spray solution of Compound A or Compound B to form a 12-mL spray solution of the binary combination.

[0153] The spray solution was applied to the plant material using an overhead DeVries track sprayer equipped with 8002E nozzles calibrated to spray at 0.503 m2 (m 2 187 L / ha was delivered to an application area of ​​187 L / ha at a spray height of 18 inches (43 centimeters (cm)) above the average plant canopy. Control or untreated plants were sprayed in the same manner with a solvent blank or no treatment. All herbicide application rates are given in grams acid equivalent / hectare (g ae / h) or grams active ingredient / hectare (g ai / h).

[0154] Treated plants and control plants were placed in a greenhouse as described above and watered by subsurface irrigation to prevent removal of the test compound. After 13-15 days, the condition of the test plants was compared with that of the control plants by visual assessment and evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 percent, with 0 corresponding to no damage and 100 corresponding to complete plant death. Plant damage was assessed visually based on reduced growth, discoloration, leaf deformity, and necrosis. Method 5: Post-emergence application method for herbicide evaluation

[0155] Seeds of the desired test plant species were planted in a 103.2 cm² (cm 2 ) surface area of ​​plastic pots filled with a soilless medium planting mix containing BX (Premier Technology Horticulture, Pennsylvania, USA) and GREENS GRADE TM (Profil Products LLC, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA), pH 5.2 to 6.2 and organic matter content of at least 50%. In some aspects or embodiments, in order to help ensure good germination and healthy plants, fungicide treatment and / or other chemical or physical treatments are applied. Before treatment, plants are grown in a room for 5-13 days (days) with a photoperiod of 16 hours (h) and a temperature scheme of 24°C or 28°C during the day or 23°C or 24°C at night, depending on the species. Plants are delivered to a greenhouse with a photoperiod of approximately 14 hours (h) and a temperature scheme of 28°C during the day and 25°C at night, during the experiment. Plants are subsurface irrigated with water containing Jack's Professional 15-5-15 4Ca 2Mg fertilizer as needed. Supplemental lighting is provided as needed. When the plant reaches the second or third true leaf stage, it is used for testing.

[0156] Emulsifiable concentrates of the 5-membered ring molecule were prepared at 100 grams active ingredient per liter (g ai / L). Aliquots of each emulsifiable concentrate were placed in 25 mL glass vials and diluted with 1.0% (v / v) The herbicide combination (Compound A or Compound B) plus second herbicide spray solution was prepared by adding a weighed amount or aliquot of the second herbicide to the spray solution of Compound A or Compound B to form a 12-mL spray solution of the binary combination.

[0157] The spray solution was applied to the plant material using an overhead DeVries track sprayer equipped with 8002E nozzles calibrated to spray at 0.503 m2 (m 2 187 L / ha was delivered to an application area of ​​187 L / ha at a spray height of 18 inches (43 centimeters (cm)) above the average plant canopy. Control or untreated plants were sprayed in the same manner with a solvent blank or no treatment. All herbicide application rates are given in grams acid equivalent / hectare (g ae / h) or grams active ingredient / hectare (g ai / h).

[0158] Treated plants and control plants were returned to the greenhouse as described above and watered by subsurface irrigation to prevent removal of the test compound. After 20-22 days, the condition of the test plants was compared to that of the control plants by visual assessment and evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 percent, with 0 corresponding to no damage and 100 corresponding to complete plant death. Plant damage was assessed visually based on reduced growth, discoloration, leaf deformity, and necrosis. Method 6: Post-emergence application method for herbicide evaluation

[0159] Seeds of the desired test plant species were planted in a 103.2 cm² (cm 2 ) surface area of ​​plastic pots filled with a soilless medium planting mix containing BX (Premier Technology Horticulture, Pennsylvania, USA) and GREENS GRADE TM (Profil Products LLC, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA), pH 5.2 to 6.2 and organic matter content of at least 50%. In some aspects or embodiments, in order to help ensure good germination and healthy plants, fungicide treatment and / or other chemical or physical treatments are applied. Before treatment, plants are grown in a room for 5-13 days (days) with a photoperiod of 16 hours (h) and a temperature scheme of 24°C or 28°C during the day or 23°C or 24°C at night, depending on the species. Plants are delivered to a greenhouse with a photoperiod of approximately 14 hours (h) and a temperature scheme of 28°C during the day and 25°C at night, during the experiment. Plants are subsurface irrigated with water containing Jack's Professional 15-5-15 4Ca 2Mg fertilizer as needed. Supplemental lighting is provided as needed. When the plant reaches the second or third true leaf stage, it is used for testing.

[0160] The composition of each 5-membered ring molecule to be evaluated was weighed to a known amount determined by the highest rate to be tested in a 25 mL glass vial and dissolved in 4 mL of a 97:3 v / v mixture of acetone and DMSO to obtain a concentrated stock solution. If the compound did not dissolve easily, the mixture was warmed and / or sonicated. The concentrated stock solution obtained was diluted with 20 mL of an aqueous mixture containing acetone, water, isopropyl alcohol, DMSO, AgriDex crop oil concentrate, and Tergitol 15S-7 surfactant in a 56.2:32.5:8.3:1.75:1.25:0.02 v / v ratio to obtain a spray solution of the application rate. The spray solution of the 5-membered ring molecule to be evaluated was combined with the second herbicide by adding a weighed amount or aliquot to the spray solution of the 5-membered ring molecule to be evaluated, to form a 12-mL spray solution of the binary combination.

[0161] The spray solution was applied to the plant material using an overhead DeVries track sprayer equipped with 8002E nozzles calibrated to spray at 0.503 m2 (m 2 187 L / ha was delivered to an application area of ​​187 L / ha at a spray height of 18 inches (43 centimeters (cm)) above the average plant canopy. Control or untreated plants were sprayed in the same manner with a solvent blank or no treatment. All herbicide application rates are given in grams acid equivalent / hectare (g ae / h) or grams active ingredient / hectare (g ai / h).

[0162] Treated plants and control plants were returned to the greenhouse as described above and watered by subsurface irrigation to prevent removal of the test compound. After 20-22 days, the condition of the test plants was compared to that of the control plants by visual assessment and evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 percent, with 0 corresponding to no damage and 100 corresponding to complete plant death. Plant damage was assessed visually based on reduced growth, discoloration, leaf deformity, and necrosis.

[0163] The value "NT" indicates that this was not tested for Figures 1-18B, Tables 5A-22B.

[0164] As can be seen from the data contained in Figures 1-18B and Tables 5A-22B, (i) substituted 5-membered rings and mixtures thereof and (ii) additional substituted 5-membered rings with various mixed partners have herbicidal activity and help address the above-mentioned need for new herbicides and methods for controlling the growth of undesirable vegetation in various locations. Composition

[0165] Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a compound according to Formula I mixed or applied in combination with another compound (e.g., another pesticide, additive, or combination thereof). For example, the disclosed compositions may comprise (a) a compound according to Formula I and (b) another herbicide. Yet another example of the disclosed compositions may comprise (a) a compound according to Formula I, (b) another herbicide, and (c) another safener.

[0166] Furthermore, the disclosure includes compositions that may contain other substituted 5-membered rings selected from the following compounds (PYR-1 through PYR-21 and including all stereoisomers thereof) and mixed or applied in combination with another compound (e.g., another pesticide, additive, or combination thereof). Additional substituted 5-membered rings include the following compounds: Table 4: Additional substituted 5-membered rings (JAS)

[0167] For example, the disclosed compositions can comprise (a) one of the additional substituted 5-membered ring herbicides described above and (b) another herbicide in unexpectedly discovered ratios. Yet another example of the disclosed compositions can comprise (a) one of the additional substituted 5-membered ring herbicides described above, (b) another herbicide, and (c) another safener in also discovered ratios. PYR-3: (S)-methyl 2-(1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetate

[0168] PYR-3 was prepared as follows: (S)-methyl 2-(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetate (3.1 g, 20 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added to a 250 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar under N2. A solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1 M in THF, 20 mL, 20 mmol) was added at 0°C and maintained at this temperature for 15 min. 1-(Bromomethyl)-2,3-difluorobenzene (6.2 g, 30 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at 55°C for 18 h. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (5 mL) and concentrated onto celite, then purified by silica gel chromatography. The reaction product was a yellow oil (93% yield, 87% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of PYR-3: ESIMS m / z 284.2 [(M+H)+]; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 7.14-7.00 (m, 3H), 4.87 (dd, J = 15.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (tt, J = 8.7, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.71 (dd, J = 15.6, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.57-2.34 (m, 3H), 2.27 (ddt, J = 13.1, 9.7, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 1.83 (ddt, J = 13.0, 9.9, 5.1 Hz, 1H). 19 F NMR (376 MHz, chloroform-d) δ -137.87 (d, J = 21.7 Hz), -144.17 (d, J = 21.3 Hz). PYR-4: (S)-2-(1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid

[0169] PYR-4 was prepared as follows: In a 100 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added methyl (S)-2-(1-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetate (5.3 g, 19 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (2.2 g, 93 mmol) in a THF (27 mL) / water (9.3 mL) solvent mixture. The reaction was stirred at 20 °C for 18 h. The crude reaction was acidified with 3 M HCl (32 mL), and the mixture was then extracted three times with ethyl acetate (40 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica column chromatography gave PYR-4 as a white solid (83% yield, 99% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of PYR-4: ESIMS m / z 270.1 [(M+H) + ]; 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.38(br.s,1H),7.35(dtd,J=9.9,8.0,1.7Hz,1H),7.18(tdd,J=8.2,5.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.12-7.03(m,1H),4.72(d,J=15.9H z,1H),4.23(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),3.76(tt,J=8.4,4.2Hz,1H),2.68(dd,J=15 .9,4.1Hz,1H),2.47-2.32(m,2H),2.31-2.11(m,2H),1.80-1.66(m,1H).; 19F NMR (376MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -139.32 (d, J = 22.1Hz), -144.23 (d, J = 22.0Hz). PYR-5: (S)-methyl 2-(1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetate

[0170] PYR-5 was prepared as follows: (S)-methyl 2-(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetate (1.6 g, 10 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added in a 250 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar under N2. Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (10 mL, 10 mmol) was added at 0°C and maintained at this temperature for 15 min. 1-(Bromomethyl)-2,3,5-trifluorobenzene (3.4 g, 15 mmol) was added and the reaction was then stirred at 55°C for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (5 mL) and concentrated onto celite, then purified by silica gel chromatography. The reaction product was a yellow oil (80% yield, 95% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of PYR-5: ESIMS m / z 302.2 [(M+H) + ]; 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 6.90-6.76 (m, 2H), 4.79 (dd, J = 15.8, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (tt, J = 8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 2.69 (dd, J = 15.6, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.30 (dddd, J = 13.1, 9.8, 7.8, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 1.91-1.78 (m, 1H). 19 F NMR (471 MHz, chloroform-d) δ -114.16--114.31 (m), -132.87--132.96 (m), -148.79 (dd, J=20.9, 15.2 Hz). PYR-6: (S)-2-(1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid

[0171] PYR-6 was prepared as follows: In a 500 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added a solution of (S)-methyl 2-(5-oxo-1-(2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetate (13 g, 43 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (23 mL, 47 mmol) in THF (200 mL). The reaction was stirred at 20 °C for 20 h. The crude reaction was concentrated to remove most of the THF, and the resulting oil was then diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL) and acidified with 3 M HCl (16 mL). The two phases were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the product as an off-white solid (96% yield, 97% purity). The following data were generated to confirm the identity of PYR-6: ESIMS m / z 288.1 [(M+H) + ]; 1 HNMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.38(s,1H),7.45(dddd,J=11.2,9.0,6.1,3.1Hz,1H),6.96(dp,J=8.1,2.4Hz,1H),4.67(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.26(d,J=1 6.1Hz,1H),3.80(tt,J=8.5,4.4Hz,1H),2.68(dd,J=16.0,4.3Hz,1H),2. 40(ddd,J=16.1,10.4,7.5Hz,2H),2.32-2.14(m,2H),1.81-1.67(m,1H).; 19 F NMR (376MHz, DMSO-d6) δ-114.83--114.90(m),-134.47(dd,J=21.9,3.2Hz),-148.16(dd,J=21.8,15.8Hz). Safe composition

[0172] The safener composition comprising a compound according to formula I may be mixed or applied in combination with (b) a safener such as a carboxylic acid azole safener or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

[0173] Additionally, safener compositions comprising the above-described PYR-1 to PYR-16 (and all stereoisomers thereof) compounds may be combined with (b) a safener.

[0174] In some aspects, (a) and (b) are used in amounts sufficient to induce enhanced herbicidal action (e.g., increased damage or injury to undesirable vegetation) while still showing good crop compatibility (e.g., no increase in damage to crops or minimal increase in damage or injury to crops) when compared to the application of the herbicidal compound (a) or (b) alone. In some aspects, the damage or injury to undesirable vegetation caused by the safening compositions and methods disclosed herein is evaluated using a scale of 0% to 100% compared to untreated control vegetation, with 0% representing no damage to the undesirable vegetation and 100% representing complete destruction of the undesirable vegetation. Similarly, in some aspects, the damage or injury to crops caused by the safening compositions and methods disclosed herein is evaluated using a scale of 0% to 100% when compared to control crops treated with only the herbicide or safener, with 0% representing no damage to the crop and 100% representing complete destruction of the crop.

[0175] In some aspects, the combined action of (a) a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof) and (b) a carboxylic acid azole safener or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof results in enhanced herbicidal effect on undesirable vegetation, even at application rates lower than the rates at which the herbicides themselves are typically used to have herbicidal effect. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used at lower application rates based on the individual components to achieve herbicidal effect comparable to the effect produced by the individual components at normal application rates. In some aspects, the combined action of (a) a compound according to Formula I and (b) a carboxylic acid azole safener or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof results in protection of desired crops from damage that may be caused to the crops by the individual herbicides.

[0176] In some aspects, (a) a compound according to Formula I (in g ae / ha) or (a) compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof) and (b) a carboxylic acid azole safener or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof (in g ae / ha) are combined. The weight ratio of ai / ha) can be 1:5 or greater, such as 1:4.75 or greater, 1:4.5 or greater, 1:4.25 or greater, 1:4 or greater, 1:3.75 or greater, 1:3.5 or greater, 1:3.25 or greater, 1:3 or greater, 1:2.75 or greater, 1:2.5 or greater, 1:2.25 or greater, 1:2 or greater, 1:1.9 or greater, 1:1.8 or greater, 1:1.7 or greater, 1:1.6 or greater, 1:1.5 or greater, 1:1.4 or greater, 1:1.3 or greater, 1:1.2 or greater, 1:1.1 or greater, 1:1.1 or greater, 1:1. 1 or more, 1.2:1 or more, 1.3:1 or more, 1.4:1 or more, 1.5:1 or more, 1.6:1 or more, 1.7:1 or more, 1.8:1 or more, 1.9:1 or more, 2:1 or more, 2.25:1 or more, 2.5:1 or more, 2.75:1 or more, 3:1 or more, 3.25:1 or more, 3.5:1 or more, 3.75:1 or more, 4:1 or more, 4.25:1 or more, 4.5:1 or more, 4.75:1 or more, or 5:1 or more; the weight ratio of (a) to (b) can be 5:1 or less, such as 4.75:1 or less, 4.5:1 or less , 4.25:1 or less, 4:1 or less, 3.75:1 or less, 3.5:1 or less, 3.25:1 or less, 3:1 or less, 2.75:1 or less, 2.5:1 or less, 2.25:1 or less, 2:1 or less, 1.9:1 or less, 1.8:1 or less, 1.7:1 or less, 1.6:1 or less, 1.5:1 or less, 1.4:1 or less, 1.3:1 or less, 1.2:1 or less, 1.1:1 or less, 1:1 or less, 1:1.1 or less, 1:1.2 or less, 1:1.3 or less, 1:1.4 or less, 1:1.5 or less, 1:1. or less; or the weight ratio of (a) to (b) can range from any minimum ratio to any maximum ratio provided above, such as 1:5 to 5:1, 1:2 to 5:1, 1:1 to 3:1, 1:3 to 4:1, or 1:1.5 to 3.5:1.

[0177] In some aspects, (a) and (b) can independently be used at a purity of 90% to 100% (eg, 95% to 100%) according to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Carboxylic acid azole safener

[0178] In addition to the compounds according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), the compositions and methods of the present disclosure may also include a carboxylic acid azole safener or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Herbicide safeners are molecules used in combination with herbicides to make them "safer," i.e., to reduce the herbicidal effect of the herbicide on the crop and improve the selectivity between the crop and the undesirable vegetation targeted by the herbicide. Herbicide safeners can be used to pre-treat crop seeds before planting. Herbicide safeners can also be sprayed on the plant in a mixture with the herbicide, separately from the herbicide, or sequentially.

[0179] Azoles are a class of five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that contain at least one additional heteroatom (eg, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen) within the heterocyclic ring. Examples of azoles include, for example, pyrazole, imidazole, thiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, and triazole.

[0180] Carboxylic acid azole safener is a class of safener based on the azole part of carboxylate replacement.The example of carboxylic acid azole safener comprises carboxylic acid pyrazole safener, carboxylic acid imidazole safener, carboxylic acid thiazole safener, carboxylic acid oxazole safener, carboxylic acid isoxazole safener and carboxylic acid triazole safener.In some respects, composition can comprise the carboxylic acid azole safener selected from the group consisting of: fenoxaconazole, fenoxaconazole, oxadiazole, isoxadiazole, pyrazole oxalate, its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester or their combination.In some respects, carboxylic acid azole safener can comprise fenoxaconazole ethyl, isoxadiazole ethyl, pyrazole oxalate diethyl ester or its combination.

[0181] In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener can include fenthiocarb, as shown below, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The safening activity of fenthiocarb is described in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, 2016.

[0182] In some aspects, fenoxaconazole is provided in the form of an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester. An exemplary agriculturally acceptable fenoxaconazole is fenoxaconazole ethyl ester, as shown below.

[0183] In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener can include chloranil, as shown below, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The safening activity of chloranil is described in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, 2016.

[0184] In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener can include fenoxadone, as shown below, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The safening activity of fenoxadone is described in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, 2016.

[0185] In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener can include isoxadifen as shown below, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The safening activity of isoxadifen is described in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, 2016.

[0186] In some aspects, isoxadiazine is provided in the form of an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester. An exemplary agriculturally acceptable ester of isoxadiazole is isoxadiazole as shown below.

[0187] In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener can include pyrazolyl oxalate, as shown below, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The safening activity of pyrazolyl oxalate is described in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, 2016.

[0188] In some aspects, the pyrazolyl oxalate is provided in the form of an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester. An exemplary agriculturally acceptable pyrazolyl oxalate shown below is diethyl pyrazolyl oxalate.

[0189] Carboxylic acid azole safeners include, for example, isoxadifen and its agriculturally acceptable salts and esters. Isoxadifen has the following chemical structure. This form of isoxadifen may also be referred to as "isoxadifen-acid."

[0190] In some aspects, the safener can comprise isoxadifen, an agriculturally acceptable salt of isoxadifen, an agriculturally acceptable ester of isoxadifen, or a mixture thereof. An exemplary agriculturally acceptable ester of isoxadifen is isoxadifen ethyl as shown below.

[0191] In some aspects, carboxylic acid azole safeners can be provided as the form of an agriculturally acceptable ester. Suitable esters include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, methylhexyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl and butoxyethyl esters, and aryl esters such as benzyl. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable esters of carboxylic acid azole safeners as herein described include methyl, ethyl and diethyl esters.

[0192] In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener can comprise an agriculturally acceptable salt of the carboxylic acid azole safener. Agriculturally acceptable salts of the carboxylic acid azole safener include, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, monoisopropanolammonium, diisopropanolammonium, triisopropanolammonium, choline, N,N-dimethylethanolammonium, diethylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, and isopropylammonium salts of the carboxylic acid azole safener.

[0193] Carboxylic acid azole safeners, when applied in combination with herbicides, can reduce phytotoxicity to crops such as wheat, barley, triticale, rye, teff, oats, maize, sorghum, millet, rice, foxtail millet, canola / rape, flax, soybean, sunflower, sugar beet, cotton, sugarcane, and pasture grasses.

[0194] The carboxylic acid azole safener or its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester may be used in an amount sufficient to induce a safening effect. In some aspects, the carboxylic acid azole safener is selected from the group consisting of fenoxadone, fenoxadil, fenoxadone, isoxadiazine, pyraclostrobin, agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, or combinations thereof, and is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / hectare (ai / ha) or more, e.g., 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 22g ai / ha or more, 24g ai / ha or more, 25g ai / ha or more, 26g ai / ha or more, 28g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 35g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42.5g ai / ha or more, 45g ai / ha or more, 47.5g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52.5g ai / ha or more, 55g ai / ha or more, 57.5g ai / ha or more5g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 65g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 75g ai / ha or more, 80g ai / ha or more, 85g ai / ha or more, 90g ai / ha or more, 95g ai / ha or more, 100g ai / ha or more, 110g ai / ha or more, 120g ai / ha or more, 130g ai / ha or more, 140g ai / ha or more, 150g ai / ha or more, 160g ai / ha or more, 170g ai / ha or more, 180g ai / ha or more, 190g ai / ha or more, 200g ai / ha or more, 210g ai / ha or more, 220g ai / ha or more, 230g ai / ha or more, 240g ai / ha or more, 250g ai / ha or more, 260g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or less, 190 g ai / ha or less, 180 g ai / ha or less, 170 g ai / ha or less, 160 g ai / ha or less, 150 g ai / ha or less, 140 g ai / ha or less, 130 g ai / ha or less, 120 g ai / ha or less, or 140 g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 95g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 85g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 65g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 57.5g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 52.5g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 47.5g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 42.5g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, or 2g ai / ha or less; or an amount within any range defined between any pair of the foregoing values, such as from 1g ai / ha to 300g ai / ha, from 5g ai / ha to 150g ai / ha, from 10g ai / ha to 200g ai / ha, from 20g ai / ha to 75g ai / ha, or from 40g ai / ha to 100g ai / ha. preparation

[0195] The present disclosure also includes formulations of the compositions and methods disclosed herein. additive

[0196] The compositions and methods disclosed herein can also be mixed with or applied with additives. In some aspects, the additives are added sequentially. In some aspects, the additives are added simultaneously. In some aspects, the additives are premixed with a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof). In some aspects, the additives are premixed with a carboxylic acid azole safener or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Other pesticides

[0197] Some aspects of the disclosed safener compositions include adding one or more additional pesticide active ingredients to the safener compositions. These pesticide active ingredients may include one or more herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, acaricides, arthropodicides, bactericides, plant growth regulators, or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compositions of the present disclosure.

[0198] In some aspects, the additive is an additional herbicide. For example, the compositions described herein can be co-applied with one or more additional herbicides to control undesirable vegetation. The compositions can be formulated with one or more additional herbicides, tank-mixed with one or more additional herbicides, or applied sequentially with one or more additional herbicides, such as the exemplary herbicides described below. ALS inhibitors

[0199] In addition to the compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), the composition may also include an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor. ALS inhibitors disrupt the production of amino acids in plants, which ultimately leads to the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Examples of ALS inhibitors include sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidinesulfonamides, pyrimidinyloxybenzoates, and sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones. In some aspects, the ALS inhibitor may contain a triazolopyrimidinesulfonamide herbicide. In some aspects, the ALS inhibitor may contain an imidazolinone herbicide. In some aspects, the ALS inhibitor may contain a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate herbicide. In some aspects, the ALS inhibitor may contain a sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicide. In some aspects, the ALS inhibitor may contain a sulfonylurea herbicide.

[0200] In some aspects, the composition may comprise an ALS inhibitor selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide, pyrimidinyloxybenzoate, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone, sulfonylurea, and combinations thereof. In some cases, the composition may comprise amidosulfuron, tetrazosulfuron, bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron-methyl, fluazifop ... Mesosulfuron-methyl, chlorpyrifos-butyl, sulfamethoxam, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, epoxysulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, primisulfuron-methyl, propansulfuron-methyl, propazinesulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-butyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-butyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-butyl, pyriproxyfen, pyriproxyfen, pyrimidinesulfuron-butyl, sulfamethoxam, sulfamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thifensulfuron-methyl, ether bensulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, its agriculturally acceptable salts and esters, and combinations thereof.

[0201] The ALS inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, the ALS inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 0.25 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai / ha) or more, such as 0.3 g ai / ha or more, 0.4 g ai / ha or more, 0.5 g ai / ha or more, 0.6 g ai / ha or more, 0.7 g ai / ha or more, 0.8 g ai / ha or more, 0.9 g ai / ha or more, 1 g ai / ha or more, 1.5 g ai / ha or more, 2 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 55 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 65 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 85 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 95 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 110 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, 170 g ai / ha or more, 180 g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, 190g ai / ha or more, 200g ai / ha or more, 220g ai / ha or more, 240g ai / ha or more, 250g ai / ha or more, 260g ai / ha or more, 280g ai / ha or more, 300g ai / ha or more, 320g ai / ha or more, 340g ai / ha or more, 350g ai / ha or more, 360g ai / ha or more, 380g ai / ha or more, 400g ai / ha or more, 420g ai / ha or more, 440g ai / ha or more, 460g ai / ha or more.g ai / ha or more, 480 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 520 g ai / ha or more, 540 g ai / ha or more, 560 g ai / ha or more, 580 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 625 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 675 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 725 g ai / ha or more, 750 g ai / ha or more, 775 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 825 g ai / ha or more, 850 g ai / ha or more, 875 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 925 g ai / ha or more, 950 g ai / ha or more, 975 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more, 1050 g ai / ha or more, g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more, 1150 g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1250 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1350 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1450 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1550 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1650 g ai / ha or more, 1675 g ai / ha or more, 1680 g ai / ha or more, or 1690 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 1700 g ai / ha or less, such as 1690 g ai / ha or less, 1680 g ai / ha or less, 1675 g ai / ha or less, 1650 g ai / ha or less, or 1690 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or less, 1550g ai / ha or less, 1500g ai / ha or less, 1450g ai / ha or less, 1400g ai / ha or less, 1350g ai / ha or less, 1300g ai / ha or less, 1250g ai / ha or less, 1200g ai / ha or less, 1150g ai / ha or less, 1100g ai / ha or less, 1050g ai / ha or less, 1000g ai / ha or less, 975g ai / ha or less, 950g ai / ha or less, 925g ai / ha or less, 900g ai / ha or less, 875g ai / ha or less, 850g ai / ha or less, 825g ai / ha or less, 800g ai / ha or less, 775g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 750g ai / ha or less, 725g ai / ha or less, 700gai / ha or less, 675g ai / ha or less, 650g ai / ha or less, 625g ai / ha or less, 600g ai / ha or less, 580g ai / ha or less, 560g ai / ha or less, 540g ai / ha or less, 520g ai / ha or less, 500g ai / ha or less, 480g ai / ha or less, 460g ai / ha or less, 440g ai / ha or less, 420g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 380g ai / ha or less, 360g ai / ha or less, 350g ai / ha or less, 340g ai / ha or less, 320g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 280g ai / ha or less, 260g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 240g ai / ha or less, 220g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 190g ai / ha or less, 180g ai / ha or less, 170g ai / ha or less, 160g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 140g ai / ha or less, 130g ai / ha or less, 120g ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 95g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 85g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 65g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2g ai / ha or less, 1.5g ai / ha or less, 1g ai / ha or less, 0.9g ai / ha or less, 0.8g ai / ha or less, 0.7g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 0.6g ai / ha or less, 0.5g ai / ha or less, 0.4g ai / ha or less, or 0.3gai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 0.25-1700 g ai / ha, 0.25-1250 g ai / ha, 0.5-150 g ai / ha, 2-90 g ai / ha, 2.5-200 g ai / ha, 3-900 g ai / ha, 5-260 g ai / ha, 5-750 g ai / ha, 5-1000 g ai / ha, 6-280 g ai / ha, 7-100 g ai / ha, 10-560 g ai / ha, 10-1600 g ai / ha, 20-500 g ai / ha, 25-140 g ai / ha, 30-480 g ai / ha, 40-400 g ai / ha, 50-320 g ai / ha ai / ha, 60-300g ai / ha, 70-1250gai / ha, 100-140g ai / ha, 140-520g ai / ha, or 250-1700g ai / ha. Triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide herbicide

[0202] In some aspects, the composition contains a herbicidally effective amount of a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), and (b) bispyribac, clorac-sulam, bispyribac, fluazifop, sulfamethoxam, penoxsulam, or foramsulfuron, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. florasulam

[0203] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include florasulam or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Florasulam, shown below, is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide that provides broad-spectrum control of many broadleaf weeds in cereals and corn. Florasulam and methods for preparing it are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 16th edition, 2012.

[0204] Florasulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, florasulam is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 0.25 g ai / ha or more, such as 0.3 g ai / ha or more, 0.4 g ai / ha or more, 0.5 g ai / ha or more, 0.6 g ai / ha or more, 0.7 g ai / ha or more, 0.8 g ai / ha or more, 0.9 g ai / ha or more, 1 g ai / ha or more, 1.1 g ai / ha or more, 1.25 g ai / ha or more, 1.5 g ai / ha or more, 1.75 g ai / ha or more, 2 g ai / ha or more, 2.25 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more. or more, 4g ai / ha or more, 4.25g ai / ha or more, 4.5g ai / ha or more, 4.75g ai / ha or more, 5g ai / ha or more, 5.25g ai / ha or more, 5.5g ai / ha or more, 5.75g ai / ha or more, 6g ai / ha or more, 6.25g ai / ha or more, 6.5g ai / ha or more, 6.75g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 7.25g ai / ha or more, 7.5g ai / ha or more, 8g ai / ha or more, 8.5g ai / ha or more, 9g ai / ha or more, or 9.5g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 10g ai / ha or less, such as 9.5g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8.5g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 7.5g ai / ha or less, 7.25g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6.75g ai / ha or less, 6.5g ai / ha or less, 6.25g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.75g ai / ha or less, 5.5g ai / ha or less, 5.25g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4.25g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.75g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3.25g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.75g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2.25g ai / ha or less, 2g ai / ha or less, 1.75g ​​ai / ha or less, 1.5g ai / ha or less, 1.25g ai / ha or less, 1g ai / ha or less, 0.9g ai / ha or less, 0.8g ai / ha or less, 0.7g ai / ha or less, 0.6g ai / ha or less, 0.5g ai / ha or less, 0.4g ai / ha or less, or 0.3g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 0.25-10g ai / ha, 0.25-7g ai / ha, 0.4-6.5g ai / ha, ai / ha, 0.5-6gai / ha, 0.6-9gai / ha, 0.7-8.5g ai / ha, 0.8-4.5g ai / ha, 1-4g ai / ha, 1.1-7.5g ai / ha, 1.5-5.75g ai / ha, 2-7.25g ai / ha, 2.25-10g ai / ha, 3-8.5g ai / ha, or 3.5-9.5g ai / ha. . clofamid

[0205] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include clofosulphonamide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Clofosulphonamide and methods for preparing clofosulphonamide are known in the art. In some aspects, clofosulphonamide can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable ester of clofosulphonamide. Clofosulphonamide methyl ester, shown below, is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide that provides broad-spectrum control of many broadleaf weeds in soybeans and other broadleaf crops. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0206] Clofenac can be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, clofenac is applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 2.18 g ai / ha or more, such as 2.25 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.5g ai / ha or more, 5g ai / ha or more, 6g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 8g ai / ha or more, 9g ai / ha or more, 10g ai / ha or more, 12g ai / ha or more, 14g ai / ha or more, 16g ai / ha or more, 18g ai / ha or more, 20g ai / ha or more, 25g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 35g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 51g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 53g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 55g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 57g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, or 59g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 61g ai / ha or less, such as 60g ai / ha or less, 59g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 57g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 53g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 51g ai / ha or less, 50gai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.75g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3.25g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.75g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, or 2.25g ai / ha; or

[0207] In an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 2.18-61 g ai / ha, 2.5-60 g ai / ha, 2.75-44 g ai / ha, 3-59 g ai / ha, 3.25-60 g ai / ha, 3.5-40 g ai / ha, 3.75-18 g ai / ha, 3.75-50 g ai / ha, 4-60 g ai / ha, 4-52 g ai / ha, 4.25-30 g ai / ha, 4.25-55 g ai / ha, 4.5-51 g ai / ha, or 5-38 g ai / ha. Diclosulam

[0208] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include clorac or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Clorac, shown below, is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide that provides broad-spectrum control of many broadleaf weeds in soybeans and peanuts. Clorac and methods for preparing clorac are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0209] Diclosulam may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, clorac is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 2.18 g ai / ha or more, such as 2.25 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or more, 27g ai / ha or more, 28g ai / ha or more, 29g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 31g ai / ha or more, 31.5g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 32.5g ai / ha or more, 33g ai / ha or more, 33.5g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 34.5g ai / ha or more, or 34.75g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 35g ai / ha or less, such as 34.5g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 33.5g ai / ha or less, 33g ai / ha or less, 32.5g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 31.5g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or more ai / ha or less, 29g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 27g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 2.75g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2.25g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 2.18-35g ai / ha, 2.5-34g ai / ha, 2.75-22g ai / ha, 3-29g ai / ha, 3.25-34g ai / ha, 3.25-32g ai / ha, 3.5-30g ai / ha, 3.75-27g ai / ha, 4-35g ai / ha, 4-30g ai / ha, 4.5-18g ai / ha, 4.5-33.5g ai / ha, 5-32g ai / ha, or 6-33g ai / ha. Sulfamyl

[0210] Compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include flumetsulam or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Flumetsulam, shown below, is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide that provides control of broadleaf weeds and leafy greens in soybeans, red peas, and corn. Flumetsulam and methods for preparing flumetsulam are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0211] Sulfurazole can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, sulfurazole is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 2.18 g ai / ha or more, such as 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.5g ai / ha or more, 5g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 9g ai / ha or more, 10g ai / ha or more, 15g ai / ha or more, 20g ai / ha or more, 25g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 35g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 37g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 39g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 41g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 72g ai / ha or more, 74g ai / ha or more, or 77g ai / ha or more; in amounts such as 78g ai / ha or less, such as 77g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 74g ai / ha or less, 72g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 41g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 39g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 37g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.75g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 2.18-78g ai / ha, 2.5-75g ai / ha, 2.75-54g ai / ha, 3-46g ai / ha, 3-78g ai / ha, 3.5-39g ai / ha, 3.5-72g ai / ha, 4-60g ai / ha, 4-75g ai / ha, 4.5-25g ai / ha, 4.5-66g ai / ha, 5-58g ai / ha, or 9-62g ai / ha. Penoxsulam

[0212] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include penoxsulam or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Penoxsulam, shown below, is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide that provides control of Echinochloa species and many broadleaf weeds, sedge weeds, and aquatic weeds in rice. Penoxsulam and methods for preparing penoxsulam are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0213] Penoxsulam may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, penoxsulam is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 2.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 41g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 43g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 45g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 47g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, or 49g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 50g ai / ha or less, such as 49g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 47g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 47g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or more, or 49g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 50g ai / ha or less, such as 49g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 47g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, or 49g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4.25g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, or 2.75g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 2.5-50g ai / ha, 3-28g ai / ha, 3.5-40g ai / ha, 4-34g ai / ha, 4.25-50g ai / ha, 4.5-47g ai / ha, 5-45g ai / ha, 6-36g ai / ha, 8-22g ai / ha, or 10-49g ai / ha. pyrisulfuron

[0214] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include pyrisulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pyrisulfuron, shown below, is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide that provides broad-spectrum post-emergence control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in cereals. Pyrisulfuron and methods for preparing pyrisulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0215] Fensulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, sulfasulfuron is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1.9 g ai / ha or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 2.25 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 9.5 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 10.5 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 11.5 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 12.5 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 13.5 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 14.5 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 15.25 g ai / ha or more, 15.5 g ai / ha or more, 15.75 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 16.25 g ai / ha or more, 16.5 g ai / ha or more, 16.75 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 17.25 g ai / ha or more, 17.5 g ai / ha or more, 17.75 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 18.25 g ai / ha or more, or 18.5 g ai / ha or more; in amounts such as 18.75 g ai / ha or less, such as 18.5 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or less, 18.25g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17.75g ai / ha or less, 17.5g ai / ha or less, 17.25g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16.75g ai / ha or less, 16.5g ai / ha or less, 16.25g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15.75g ai / ha or less, 15.5g ai / ha or less, 15.25g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14.5g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13.5g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12.5 g ai / ha or less, 12 g ai / ha or less, 11.5 g ai / ha or less, 11 g ai / ha or less, 10.5 g ai / ha or less, 10 g ai / ha or less, 9.5 g ai / ha or less, 9 g ai / ha or less, 8 g ai / ha or less, 7 g ai / ha or less, 6 g ai / ha or less, 5 g ai / ha or less, 4.5 g ai / ha or less, 4 g ai / ha or less, 3.5 g ai / ha or less, 3.25 g ai / ha or less, 3 g ai / ha or less, 2.75 g ai / ha or less, 2.5 g ai / ha or less, or 2.25 g ai / ha or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 1.9-18.75 g ai / ha, 2.25-18g ai / ha, 2.5-14.5g ai / ha, 2.75-12.5g ai / ha, 2.75-18.5g ai / ha, 3-13g ai / ha, 3.25-10.5g ai / ha, 3.5-16g ai / ha, 4-15.25g ai / ha, 5-18g ai / ha, 6-17.75g ai / ha, 8-16g ai / ha, 9-18g ai / ha, or 10-14.5g ai / ha. . Imidazolinone herbicides

[0216] In some aspects, the composition contains a herbicidally effective amount of a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), and (b) imazamox, imazamox, imazamox, imazapyr, imazapic, imazethapyr, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, or a combination thereof. Imazamox

[0217] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include imazapoxetine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Imazapoxetine, shown below, is a mixture of isomers and imidazolinones that provides post-emergence control of Avena species, Alopecurus spp., Apis oleraceus, and dicotyledonous weeds in wheat, barley, rye, and sunflower. Imazapoxetine and methods for its preparation are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0218] Imazapoxetine may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, imazapoxetine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 50 g ai / ha or more, such as 55 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 65 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 95 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 110 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, 170 g ai / ha or more, 180 g ai / ha or more, 190 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 220 g ai / ha or more, 240 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 260 g ai / ha or more, 280 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 320 g ai / ha or more, 340 g ai / ha or more, 360 g ai / ha or more, 380 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 420 g ai / ha or more, 440 g ai / ha or more, 460 g ai / ha or more, 480 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 520 g ai / ha or more, 540 g ai / ha or more, 560 g ai / ha or more, 580 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 620 g ai / ha or more, 640 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 660 g ai / ha or more, 670 g ai / ha or more, 680 g ai / ha or more, or 690 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 700g ai / ha or less, such as 690g ai / ha or less, 680g ai / ha or less, 670g ai / ha or less, 660g ai / ha or less, 650g ai / ha or less, 640g ai / ha or less, 620g ai / ha or less, 600g ai / ha or less, 580g ai / ha or less, 560g ai / ha or less, 540g ai / ha or less, 520g ai / ha or less, 500g ai / ha or less, 480g ai / ha or less, 460g ai / ha or less, 440g ai / ha or less, 420g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 380g ai / ha or less, 360g ai / ha or less, 340g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 320g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 280g ai / ha or less, 260g ai / ha or less, 240g ai / ha or less, 220g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 190g ai / ha or less, 180g ai / ha or less, 170g ai / ha or less, 160g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 140g ai / ha or less, 130g ai / ha or less, 120g ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 95g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 85g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 65 g ai / ha or less, 60 g ai / ha or less, or 55 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 50-700 g ai / ha, 55-400 g ai / ha, 60-650 g ai / ha, 75-520 g ai / ha, 80-400 g ai / ha, 85-500 g ai / ha, 90-220 g ai / ha, 100-700 g ai / ha, 100-500 g ai / ha, 110-640 g ai / ha, 120-420 g ai / ha, 120-500 g ai / ha, 140-670 g ai / ha, or 150-580 g ai / ha. Imazamox

[0219] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include imazamox or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Imazamox, shown below, is an imidazolinone that provides pre- and post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in, for example, rice, maize, rapeseed, alfalfa, peas, and beans. Imazamox and methods for preparing imazamox are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0220] Imazamox may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water, in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, imazamox is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 5 g ai / ha or more, such as 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 21 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 23 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 27 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, ai / ha or more, 29g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, or 58g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 60g ai / ha or less, such as 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 29g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 27g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 23g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 21g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, or 6g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 5-60g ai / ha, 5-52g ai / ha, 6-46g ai / ha, 6-54g ai / ha, 7-38g ai / ha, 7-50g ai / ha, 8-48g ai / ha, ai / ha, 9-45g ai / ha, 10-40g ai / ha, 10-58g ai / ha, 11-36g ai / ha, 12-54g ai / ha, 13-60g ai / ha, or 15-48g ai / ha. ; Mefenacet

[0221] The compositions and methods disclosed herein may include imazapic or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Imazapic, shown below, is an imidazolinone that provides pre- and post-emergence control of a wide range of annual and perennial weeds in grasslands, pastures, and non-arable areas. Imazapic and methods for preparing imazapic are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0222] Imazapic may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, imazapic is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 17.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 110 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 155 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, 165 g ai / ha or more, 170 g ai / ha or more, 175 g ai / ha or more, 180 g ai / ha or more, 185 g ai / ha or more, 190 g ai / ha or more, 195 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 205 g ai / ha or more, 210 g ai / ha or more, or 215 g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 220g ai / ha or less, such as 215g ai / ha or less, 210g ai / ha or less, 205g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 195g ai / ha or less, 190g ai / ha or less, 185g ai / ha or less, 180g ai / ha or less, 175g ai / ha or less, 170g ai / ha or less, 165g ai / ha or less, 160g ai / ha or less, 155g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 140g ai / ha or less, 130g ai / ha or less, 120g ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, or 18g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 17.5-220g ai / ha, 17.5-210g ai / ha, 18-200g ai / ha, 19-120g ai / ha, 20-210g ai / ha, 20-170g ai / ha, 22-190g ai / ha ai / ha, 24-175g ai / ha, 26-210g ai / ha, 26-160g ai / ha, 30-190g ai / ha, 30-140gai / ha, 35-220g ai / ha, or 45-215g ai / ha. ; Methamphetamine

[0223] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include imazapyr or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Imazapyr, shown below, is an imidazolinone that provides pre- and post-emergence control of annual and perennial grasses, broadleaf weeds, shrubs, and trees. Imazapyr and methods for preparing imazapyr are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0224] Imazapyr may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, imazapyr is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 100 g ai / ha or more, such as 120 g ai / ha or more, 125 g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, 170 g ai / ha or more, 180 g ai / ha or more, 190 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 225 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 275 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 325 g ai / ha or more, 350 g ai / ha or more, 375 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 425 g ai / ha or more, 450 g ai / ha or more, g ai / ha or more, 475 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more, 1050 g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more, 1150 g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1250 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1350 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1450 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1550 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1620 g ai / ha or more, 1640 g ai / ha or more, 1660 g ai / ha or more, or 1680 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 1700 g ai / ha or less (e.g., 1680 g ai / ha or less, 1660 g ai / ha or less, 1640 g ai / ha or less, 1620 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1550 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1450 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1350 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1250 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1150 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1050 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 600g ai / ha or less, 500g ai / ha or less, 475g ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 425g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 375g ai / ha or less, 350g ai / ha or less, 325g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 275g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 225g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 190g ai / ha or less, 180g ai / ha or less, 170g ai / ha or less, 160g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 140g ai / ha or less, 130g ai / ha or less, 125g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 120 g ai / ha or less, or 110 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 100-1700 g ai / ha, 125-850 g ai / ha, 130-700 g ai / ha, 150-1000 g ai / ha, 160-475 g ai / ha, 170-1660 g ai / ha, 180-1500 g ai / ha, 190-1050 g ai / ha, 200-700 g ai / ha, 250-1500 g ai / ha, 325-1200 g ai / ha, 450-1500 g ai / ha, 500-900 g ai / ha, or 110-1000 g ai / ha. Imidacloprid

[0225] The compositions and methods disclosed herein may include imazethapyr or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Imidazolinone, shown below, is an imidazolinone that controls many major annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds in most major crops. Imidazolinone and methods for its preparation are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0226] Imidacolin may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water, in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, imazethapyr is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 8.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, 170 g ai / ha or more, 180 g ai / ha or more, 190 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 210 g ai / ha or more, 220 g ai / ha or more, 230 g ai / ha or more, 240 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 260 g ai / ha or more, 270 g ai / ha or more, 272 g ai / ha or more, 274 g ai / ha or more, 276 g ai / ha or more, or 278 g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 280g ai / ha or less, such as 278g ai / ha or less, 276g ai / ha or less, 274g ai / ha or less, 272g ai / ha or less, 270g ai / ha or less, 260g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 240g ai / ha or less, 230g ai / ha or less, 220g ai / ha or less, 210g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 190g ai / ha or less, 180g ai / ha or less, 170g ai / ha or less, 160g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 140g ai / ha or less, 130g ai / ha or less, 120g ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, or 9g ai / ha or less, or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 8.75-280g ai / ha, 8.75-170g ai / ha, 9-220g ai / ha, 10-260g ai / ha, 10-150g ai / ha, 11-220g ai / ha, 12-200g ai / ha, 13-274g ai / ha, 15-230g ai / ha, 16-160g ai / ha, 18-280g ai / ha, 20-210g ai / ha, 20-190g ai / ha, or 25-272g ai / ha. ; Pyrimidinyloxybenzoate herbicides

[0227] In some aspects, the composition contains a herbicidally effective amount of a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), and (b) bispyribac-butyl, pyrifoxifen-butyl, pyrifoxifen-butyl, pyrifoxifen-butyl, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, or a combination thereof. Bispyribac-sodium

[0228] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include bispyribac-sodium or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bispyribac-sodium, shown below, is a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate that provides control of grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds, such as in direct-seeded and water-seeded rice and turfgrass. Bispyribac-sodium and methods for preparing bispyribac-sodium are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0229] Bispyribac-sodium may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, bispyribac-sodium is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 5 g ai / ha or more, such as 7.5 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 12.5 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 17.5 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22.5 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 27.5 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32.5 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 37.5 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 42.5 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 47.5 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 52.5 g ai / ha or more, 55 g ai / ha or more, or 56. ai / ha or more, 57.5g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62.5g ai / ha or more, 65g ai / ha or more, 67.5g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 72.5g ai / ha or more, 75g ai / ha or more, 77.5g ai / ha or more, 80g ai / ha or more, 82.5g ai / ha or more, 85g ai / ha or more, 87.5g ai / ha or more, 90g ai / ha or more, 92.5g ai / ha or more, 95g ai / ha or more, 97.5g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 100g ai / ha or less, such as 97.5g ai / ha or less, 95g ai / ha or less, 92.5g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 87.5g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or less, 85g ai / ha or less, 82.5g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 77.5g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 72.5g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 67.5g ai / ha or less, 65g ai / ha or less, 62.5g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 57.5g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 52.5g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 47.5g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 42.5g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 37.5g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 32.5g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 27.5g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 22.5g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 17.5g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 12.5g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, or 7.5g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 5-100g ai / ha, 5-90g ai / ha, 7.5-45g ai / ha, 10-55g ai / ha, 15-90g ai / ha, 20-50g ai / ha, 22.5-90g ai / ha ai / ha, 25-52.5gai / ha, 25-80g ai / ha, 25-65g ai / ha, 27.5-60g ai / ha, 27.5-47.5g ai / ha, 30-85g ai / ha, or 40-95g ai / ha. . saflufenacil

[0230] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include saflufenacil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Saflufenacil, shown below, is a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate that provides post-emergence control of barnyardgrass, blackgrass, and Polygonum species in rice, wheat, and zoysiagrass. Saflufenacil and methods for preparing saflufenacil are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0231] Safenacil may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, saflufenacil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 7.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, or 69g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 70g ai / ha or less, such as 69g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less. or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, or 8g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 7.5-70g ai / ha, 7.5-68g ai / ha, 7.5-52g ai / ha, 8-60g ai / ha, 9-38g ai / ha, 9-64g ai / ha, 10-66g ai / ha, ai / ha, 10-44g ai / ha, 10-40g ai / ha, 11-62g ai / ha, 12-46g ai / ha, 13-70g ai / ha, 15-54g ai / ha, or 20-64g ai / ha. ; Cyclohexyl

[0232] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include fenpyroximate or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. fenpyroximate, shown below, is a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate that provides control of grass weeds in rice. fenpyroximate and methods for preparing fenpyroximate are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0233] Fenpyralid may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, pyralid is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 20 g ai / ha or more, such as 22 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 55 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, 170 g ai / ha or more, 180 g ai / ha or more, 190 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 210 g ai / ha or more, 220 g ai / ha or more, 230 g ai / ha or more, 240 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 260 g ai / ha or more, 270 g ai / ha or more, 280 g ai / ha or more, 290 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 310 g ai / ha or more, 320 g ai / ha or more, 330 g ai / ha or more, 340 g ai / ha or more, or 345 g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 350g ai / ha or less, such as 345g ai / ha or less, 340g ai / ha or less, 330g ai / ha or less, 320g ai / ha or less, 310g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 290g ai / ha or less, 280g ai / ha or less, 270g ai / ha or less, 260g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 240g ai / ha or less, 230g ai / ha or less, 220g ai / ha or less, 210g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 190g ai / ha or less, 180g ai / ha or less, 170g ai / ha or less, 160g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, g ai / ha or less, 140 g ai / ha or less, 130 g ai / ha or less, 120 g ai / ha or less, 110 g ai / ha or less, 100 g ai / ha or less, 90 g ai / ha or less, 80 g ai / ha or less, 70 g ai / ha or less, 60 g ai / ha or less, 55 g ai / ha or less, 50 g ai / ha or less, 45 g ai / ha or less, 40 g ai / ha or less, 35 g ai / ha or less, 30 g ai / ha or less, 25 g ai / ha or less, or 22 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 20-350 g ai / ha, 55-170 g ai / ha, 22-220 g ai / ha, 70-260 g ai / ha ai / ha, 30-250g ai / ha, 45-220g ai / ha, 80-200g ai / ha, 130-270g ai / ha, 150-330g ai / ha, 60-160g ai / ha, 180-345g ai / ha, 210-310g ai / ha, 90-190g ai / ha, or 22-340g ai / ha. ; Pyrimidinesulfonyl

[0234] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include pyrimidinesulfonyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pyrimidinesulfonyl, shown below, is a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate that provides post-emergence control of Echinochloa species in rice. Pyrimidinesulfonyl and methods for preparing pyrimidinesulfonyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0235] Pyrimidine may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, apyrimidine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 20 g ai / ha or more, such as 22 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 140 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 160 g ai / ha or more, or 170 g ai / ha or more to prevent emergence or growth of vegetation; in an amount of 175 g ai / ha or less, such as 170 g ai / ha or less, 160 g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or less, 150 g ai / ha or less, 140 g ai / ha or less, 130 g ai / ha or less, 120 g ai / ha or less, 110 g ai / ha or less, 100 g ai / ha or less, 90 g ai / ha or less, 80 g ai / ha or less, 70 g ai / ha or less, 60 g ai / ha or less, 50 g ai / ha or less, 45 g ai / ha or less, 40 g ai / ha or less, 35 g ai / ha or less, 30 g ai / ha or less, 25 g ai / ha or less, or 22 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 20-175 g ai / ha, 22-170 g ai / ha, 35-120 g ai / ha, 100-160 g ai / ha, ai / ha, 40-150g ai / ha, 80-120g ai / ha, 25-110g ai / ha, 90-150g ai / ha, 45-130g ai / ha, 60-160g ai / ha, 30-120gai / ha, 20-160g ai / ha, or 22-100g ai / ha. Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicide

[0236] In some aspects, the composition contains a herbicidally effective amount of a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), and (b) flucarbazone-methyl, propoxycarbazone-methyl, thiathrin-methyl, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, or a combination thereof. flucarbazone

[0237] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include flucarbazone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Flucarbazone, shown below, is a sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone that provides post-emergence control of annual grass weeds, some perennial grass weeds, and some broadleaf weeds. Flucarbazone and methods for preparing flucarbazone are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0238] Flucarbazone may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, flucarbazone is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 3.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 5.25 g ai / ha or more, 5.5 g ai / ha or more, 5.75 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 7.5 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 21 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 23 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 25.5 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 26.5 g ai / ha or more, 27 g ai / ha or more, 27.5 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 28.5 g ai / ha or more, 29 g ai / ha or more, 29.25 g ai / ha or more, 29.5 g ai / ha or more, or 29.75 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 30 g ai / ha or less, such as 29.75 g ai / ha or less, 29.5 g ai / ha or less, 29.25 g ai / ha or less, 29 g ai / ha or more, ai / ha or less, 28.5g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 27.5g ai / ha or less, 27g ai / ha or less, 26.5g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 23g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 21g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.5g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.75g ai / ha or less, 5.5g ai / ha or less g ai / ha, 5-29.5 g ai / ha, 5-21 g ai / ha, 5.5-28 g ai / ha, 6-26 g ai / ha, 7-25 g ai / ha, 7.5-30 g ai / ha, 7.5-21 g ai / ha, 8-25 g ai / ha, 9-19 g ai / ha, or 10-28.5 g ai / ha. ai / ha. . Probensulfuron-methyl

[0239] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include propoxysulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Propoxysulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone that provides post-emergence control of grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds. Propoxysulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing propoxysulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0240] Probatesulfuron-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, propoxycarb is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 3.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 61g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 63g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 65g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 67g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, or 69g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 70g ai / ha or less, such as 69g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 67g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 65g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 63g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 61g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less. or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4.25g ai / ha or less, or 4g ai / ha or less, or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 3.75-70g ai / ha. ai / ha, 4-68g ai / ha, 4.25-56g ai / ha, 4.5-28g ai / ha, 5-62g ai / ha, 5-38g ai / ha, 7-70g ai / ha, 8-52g ai / ha, 9-40gai / ha, 10-70g ai / ha, 10-24g ai / ha, 12-69gai / ha, 14-65g ai / ha, or 20-58g ai / ha. ; Thiazolamide

[0241] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include thiazolinone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Thiazolinone-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone that provides post-emergence control of grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds. Thiazolinone and methods for preparing thiazolinone are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0242] Thiazolamide can be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, thiazolamide is applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 2.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75g ai / ha or more, 5g ai / ha or more, 6g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 8g ai / ha or more, 9g ai / ha or more, 10g ai / ha or more, 12g ai / ha or more, 14g ai / ha or more, 16g ai / ha or more, 18g ai / ha or more, 20g ai / ha or more, 22g ai / ha or more, 24g ai / ha or more, 26g ai / ha or more, 28g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 31g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 33g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 35g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 37g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 39g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 41g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 43g ai / ha or more, or 44g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 45g ai / ha or less, such as 44g ai / ha or less, 43g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 41g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 39g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 37g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 33g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 31g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less or less, or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 2.5-45 g ai / ha, 2.5-41 g ai / ha, 2.5-45 g ai / ha, 3.75 g ai / ha or less, 3.5 g ai / ha or less, 3.25 g ai / ha or less, 3 g ai / ha or less, or 2.75 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 2.5-45 g ai / ha, 2.5-41 g ai / ha, 3.75 g ai / ha or less, 3.5 g ai / ha or less, 3.25 g ai / ha or less, 3 g ai / ha or less, or 2.75 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 2.5-45 g ai / ha, 2.5-41 g ai / ha, 3.75 g ai / ha or less, 3.5 g ai / ha or less, 3.25 g ai / ha or less, 3 g ai / ha or less, or 2.75 g ai / ha or less; ai / ha、2.75-39gai / ha、2.75-37g ai / ha, 3-40g ai / ha, 3-33g ai / ha, 3.25-28g ai / ha, 3.5-45g ai / ha, 3.75-45g ai / ha, 4-39g ai / ha, 4.5-31g ai / ha, 5-45g ai / ha, 5-37g ai / ha, or 8-36gai / ha. . Sulfonylurea herbicides

[0243] In some aspects, the composition contains a herbicidally effective amount of a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), and (b) amidosulfuron-methyl, azamisulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron-methyl, cyprosulfuron-methyl, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron-methyl, flazasulfuron-methyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-methyl, foramsulfuron-methyl, chlorpyrasulfuron-methyl, oxasulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodofensulfuron-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, chlorpyrasulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron-methyl, oxasulfuron-methyl, primisulfuron-methyl, promazinesulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, sulfa ... Acesulfame-methyl

[0244] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include amidosulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Amidosulfuron, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides post-emergence control of a wide range of broadleaf weeds, such as galactose, in winter wheat, durum wheat, barley, rye, triticale, and oats. Amidosulfuron and methods for preparing amidosulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0245] Amidosulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation, in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal action. In some aspects, amidosulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 3.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 26g ai / ha or more, 28g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 51g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 53g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 55g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 57g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, or 59g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 60g ai / ha or less, such as 59g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 57g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 53g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 51g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less. or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, or 4.25g ai / ha or less, or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 3.75-60g ai / ha. ai / ha, 4-58g ai / ha, 4.5-51g ai / ha, 5-57g ai / ha, 5-30g ai / ha, 6-42g ai / ha, 8-50g ai / ha, 9-32g ai / ha, 10-53gai / ha, 12-30g ai / ha, or 13-40gai / ha. ; Imidazol-methyl

[0246] Compositions and methods disclosed herein may include azithromycin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. As shown below, azithromycin is a sulfonylurea that provides post-emergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and sedge weeds, for example, in rice. Azithromycin and methods for preparing azithromycin are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0247] Amidosulphonyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, sulfamethoxam is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 3.125 g ai / ha or more, such as 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 5.5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 6.5 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 7.5 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 8.5 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 9.5 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 20.5 g ai / ha or more, 21 g ai / ha or more, 21.5 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 22.5 g ai / ha or more, 22.75 g ai / ha or more, 23 g ai / ha or more, 23.25 g ai / ha or more, 23.5 g ai / ha or more, 23.75 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 24.25 g ai / ha or more, 24.5 g ai / ha or more, or 24.75 g ai / ha or more; in amounts such as 25 g ai / ha or less, such as 24.75 g ai / ha ai / ha or less, 24.5g ai / ha or less, 24.25g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 23.75g ai / ha or less, 23.5g ai / ha or less, 23.25g ai / ha or less, 23g ai / ha or less, 22.75g ai / ha or less, 22.5g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 21.5g ai / ha or less, 21g ai / ha or less, 20.5g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9.5g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8.5g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.5g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6.5g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.5g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4.25g ai / ha ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.75g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, or 3.25g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 3.125-25g ai / ha, 3.125-23.5g ai / ha, 3.125-19g ai / ha, 3.25-22g ai / ha, 3.5-24.5g ai / ha, 3.5-19g ai / ha, 3.75-22g ai / ha, 4-25g ai / ha, 4-23.25g ai / ha, 4.25-20g ai / ha, 4.5-18g ai / ha, 4.75-22.75g ai / ha, or 5-24g ai / ha. bensulfuron-methyl

[0248] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include bensulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bensulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides pre- and post-emergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and sedges, for example, in rice. Bensulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing bensulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0249] Bensulfuron-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, bensulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 8.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more. ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, or 69g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 70g ai / ha or less, such as 69g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, or 9g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 8.75-70g ai / ha, 9-60g ai / ha, 10-65g ai / ha, 10-40g ai / ha, 10-28g ai / ha, 11-68g ai / ha, 11-54g ai / ha, ai / ha, 12-60g ai / ha, 12-42g ai / ha, 13-69g ai / ha, 14-56g ai / ha, 15-40g ai / ha, 20-46g ai / ha, or 20-69g ai / ha. ; Chlorsulfuron

[0250] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include chlorsulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Chlorsulfuron, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides control of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in, for example, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, and flax, as well as on non-crop land. Chlorsulfuron and methods for preparing chlorsulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0251] Chlorsulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, chlorsulfuron is applied to vegetation or to areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1.1 g ai / ha or more, such as 1.25 g ai / ha or more, 1.5 g ai / ha or more, 1.75 g ai / ha or more, 2 g ai / ha or more, 2.25 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 11g ai / ha or more, 12g ai / ha or more, 13g ai / ha or more, 14g ai / ha or more, 15g ai / ha or more, 16g ai / ha or more, 17g ai / ha or more, 18g ai / ha or more, 19g ai / ha or more, 20g ai / ha or more, 22g ai / ha or more, 24g ai / ha or more, 26g ai / ha or more, 28g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 47g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 49g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 51g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 57g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 59g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 61g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 63g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 65g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 67g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, 69g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, 51g ai / ha or more, or 51.5g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 52g ai / ha or less, such as 51.5g ai / ha or less, 51g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 49g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 47g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, or 4.25g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.75g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3.25g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.75g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2.25g ai / ha or less, 2g ai / ha or less, 1.75g ​​ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 1.5g ai / ha or less, or 1.25g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 1.1-52g ai / ha, 1.25-51.5g ai / ha, 1.5-30g ai / ha, 1.75-47g ai / ha, 2-26g ai / ha, 3-50g ai / ha, 4-38g ai / ha, 4.5-42g ai / ha, 5-51g ai / ha, 7-49g ai / ha, 9-32g ai / ha, 10-45g ai / ha, 12-52g ai / ha, or 15-48g ai / ha. Ethoxysulfuron

[0252] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include ethoxysulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Ethoxysulfuron, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides control of broadleaf and sedge weeds in crops, rice, and sugarcane, for example. Ethoxysulfuron and methods for preparing ethoxysulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0253] Ethoxysulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, ethoxysulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 5 g ai / ha or more, such as 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 45g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 55g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 65g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 75g ai / ha or more, 80g ai / ha or more, 85g ai / ha or more, 90g ai / ha or more, 95g ai / ha or more, 100g ai / ha or more, 101g ai / ha or more, 102g ai / ha or more, 103g ai / ha or more, 104g ai / ha or more, 105g ai / ha or more, 106g ai / ha or more, 107g ai / ha or more, 108g ai / ha or more, 109g ai / ha or more, 110g ai / ha or more, 111g ai / ha or more, 112g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, 113g ai / ha or more, 114g ai / ha or more, 115g ai / ha or more, 116g ai / ha or more, 117g ai / ha or more, 118g ai / ha or more, or 119g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 120g ai / ha or less, such as 119g ai / ha or less, 118g ai / ha or less, 117g ai / ha or less, 116g ai / ha or less, 115g ai / ha or less, 114g ai / ha or less, 113g ai / ha or less, 112g ai / ha or less, 111g ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less, 109g ai / ha or less, 108g ai / ha or less, 107g ai / ha or less, 106g ai / ha or less, 105g ai / ha or less, 104g ai / ha or less, 103g ai / ha or less, 102g ai / ha or less, 101g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 95g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 85g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 65g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, or 6g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 5-120g ai / ha, 5-90g ai / ha, 5-75g ai / ha, 6-114g ai / ha, 8-108g ai / ha, 9-113g ai / ha, 10-80g ai / ha, 10-55g ai / ha, 12-112g ai / ha, 13-85g ai / ha ai / ha, 15-106g ai / ha, 20-100g ai / ha, 24-105g ai / ha, or 28-115g ai / ha. ; Flupyralid

[0254] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include flupyralid or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Flupyralid-methyl sodium, shown below, is a sulfonylurea used, for example, for post-emergence control of grass and broadleaf weeds in cereals. Flupyralid and methods for preparing flupyralid are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0255] Flupyralid may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, fluazifop-methyl is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 2.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 2.6 g ai / ha or more, 2.7 g ai / ha or more, 2.8 g ai / ha or more, 2.9 g ai / ha or more, 3.0 g ai / ha or more, 3.2 g ai / ha or more, 3.4 g ai / ha or more, 3.6 g ai / ha or more, 3.8 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.2 g ai / ha or more, 4.4 g ai / ha or more, 4.6 g ai / ha or more, 4.8 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 5.2 g ai / ha or more, 5.4 g ai / ha or more, 5.6 g ai / ha or more, 5.8 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 6.2 g ai / ha or more, g ai / ha or more, 6.4 g ai / ha or more, 6.6 g ai / ha or more, 6.8 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 7.2 g ai / ha or more, 7.4 g ai / ha or more, 7.6 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 8.2 g ai / ha or more, 8.4 g ai / ha or more, 8.6 g ai / ha or more, 8.8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 9.1 g ai / ha or more, 9.2 g ai / ha or more, 9.3 g ai / ha or more, 9.4 g ai / ha or more, 9.5 g ai / ha or more, 9.6 g ai / ha or more, 9.7 g ai / ha or more, 9.8 g ai / ha or more, or 9.9 g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 10 g ai / ha or less, such as 9.9g ai / ha or less, 9.8g ai / ha or less, 9.7g ai / ha or less, 9.6g ai / ha or less, 9.5g ai / ha or less, 9.4g ai / ha or less, 9.3g ai / ha or less, 9.2g ai / ha or less, 9.1g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8.8g ai / ha or less, 8.6g ai / ha or less, 8.4g ai / ha or less, 8.2g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.8g ai / ha or less, 7.6g ai / ha or less, 7.4g ai / ha or less, 7.2g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6.8g ai / ha or less, 6.6g ai / ha or less, 6.4g ai / ha or less, 6.2g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.8g ai / ha or less, 5.6g ai / ha or less, 5.4g ai / ha or less, 5.2g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.8g ai / ha or less, 4.6g ai / ha or less, 4.4g ai / ha or less, 4.2g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.8g ai / ha or less, 3.6g ai / ha or less, 3.4g ai / ha or less, 3.2g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.9g ai / ha or less, 2.8g ai / ha or less, 2.7g ai / ha or less, or 2.6g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 2.5-10g ai / ha, 2.5-9.4g ai / ha, 2.6-9g ai / ha, 2.7-10g ai / ha, 2.8-9.4g ai / ha, 3-8.8g ai / ha, 3.2-7.2g ai / ha, 3.4-8.6g ai / ha, 3.6-10g ai / ha, 3.8-9.5g ai / ha, 4-8.8g ai / ha, 4.4-7g ai / ha, 4.6-6.8g ai / ha, or 5-9.5g ai / ha. Foramsulfuron

[0256] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include foramsulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Foramsulfuron, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides post-emergence control of grass and broadleaf weeds, for example, in maize. Foramsulfuron and methods for preparing foramsulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0257] Foramsulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, foramsulfuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 22.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 23 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 42 g ai / ha or more, 44 g ai / ha or more, 46 g ai / ha or more, 48 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 51 g ai / ha or more, 52 g ai / ha or more, 53 g ai / ha or more, 54 g ai / ha or more, 55 g ai / ha or more, ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 57g ai / ha or more, or 58g ai / ha or more; in amounts such as 59g ai / ha or less, such as 58g ai / ha or less, 57g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 53g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 51g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 28 g ai / ha or less, 26 g ai / ha or less, 25 g ai / ha or less, 24 g ai / ha or less, or 23 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 22.5-59 g ai / ha, 23-51 g ai / ha, 25-38 g ai / ha, 26-57 g ai / ha, 28-48 g ai / ha, 30-58 g ai / ha, 30-50 g ai / ha, 32-55 g ai / ha, 34-57 g ai / ha, or 35-58 g ai / ha. Halosulfuron-methyl

[0258] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include clopyrazosulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Clopyrazosulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea with demonstrated activity against annual broadleaf weeds and sedge species in maize, sugarcane, rice, sorghum, nuts, and turf. Clopyrazosulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing clopyrazosulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0259] Halosulfuron-ethyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, clopyralidone-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 4.375 g ai / ha or more, such as 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 55 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 65 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 85 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 95 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 105 g ai / ha or more, 110 g ai / ha or more, 115 g ai / ha or more, 120 g ai / ha or more, 122 g ai / ha or more, 124 g ai / ha or more, 126 g ai / ha or more, 128 g ai / ha or more, 130 g ai / ha or more, 131 g ai / ha or more, 132 g ai / ha or more, 133 g ai / ha or more, 134 g ai / ha or more, 135 g ai / ha or more, 136 g ai / ha or more, 137 g ai / ha or more, 138 g ai / ha or more, or 139 g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 139g ai / ha or less, such as 138g ai / ha or less, 137g ai / ha or less, 136g ai / ha or less, 135g ai / ha or less, 134g ai / ha or less, 133g ai / ha or less, 132g ai / ha or less, 131g ai / ha or less, 130g ai / ha or less, 129g ai / ha or less, 128g ai / ha or less, 126g ai / ha or less, 124g ai / ha or less, 122g ai / ha or less, 120g ai / ha or less, 115g ai / ha or less, 110g ai / ha or less, 105g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 95g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 85g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 65g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 55g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, or 4.5g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 4.375-140g ai / ha, 4.5-120g ai / ha, 4.75-100g ai / ha, 5-95g ai / ha, 5-131g ai / ha, 6-80g ai / ha, 7-130g ai / ha, 8-122g ai / ha, 9-75g ai / ha, 10-139g ai / ha, 15-90g ai / ha, 20-124g ai / ha, 25-110g ai / ha, or 25-75g ai / ha.; Iodosulfuron-methyl

[0260] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include iodosulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides post-emergence control of grass and broadleaf weeds, for example, in winter, spring, and durum wheat, triticale, rye, and spring barley. Iodosulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing iodosulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0261] Iodosulfuron-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation, in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal action. In some aspects, iodosulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 0.1 g ai / ha or more, such as 0.2 g ai / ha or more, 0.3 g ai / ha or more, 0.4 g ai / ha or more, 0.5 g ai / ha or more, 0.6 g ai / ha or more, 0.7 g ai / ha or more, 0.8 g ai / ha or more, 0.9 g ai / ha or more, 1 g ai / ha or more, 1.1 g ai / ha or more, 1.2 g ai / ha or more, 1.3 g ai / ha or more, 1.4 g ai / ha or more, 1.5 g ai / ha or more, 1.6 g ai / ha or more, 1.7 g ai / ha or more, 1.8 g ai / ha or more, 1.9 g ai / ha or more, 2.0 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 2.1 g ai / ha or more, 2.2 g ai / ha or more, 2.3 g ai / ha or more, 2.3 g ai / ha or more, 2.4 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.6 g ai / ha or more, 2.7 g ai / ha or more, 2.8 g ai / ha or more, 2.9 g ai / ha or more, 3.0 g ai / ha or more, 3.2 g ai / ha or more, 3.4 g ai / ha or more, 3.6 g ai / ha or more, 3.8 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.2 g ai / ha or more, 4.4 g ai / ha or more, 4.6 g ai / ha or more, 4.8 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 5.2 g ai / ha or more, 5.4 g ai / ha or more, 5.6 g ai / ha or more, 5.8 g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 6g ai / ha or more, 6.2g ai / ha or more, 6.4g ai / ha or more, 6.6g ai / ha or more, 6.8g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 7.2g ai / ha or more, 7.4g ai / ha or more, 7.6g ai / ha or more, 8g ai / ha or more, 8.2g ai / ha or more, 8.4g ai / ha or more, 8.6g ai / ha or more, 8.8g ai / ha or more, 9g ai / ha or more, 9.1g ai / ha or more, 9.2g ai / ha or more, 9.3g ai / ha or more, 9.4g ai / ha or more, 9.5g ai / ha or more, 9.6 g ai / ha or more, 9.7 g ai / ha or more, 9.8 g ai / ha or more, or 9.9 g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 10 g ai / ha or less, such as 9.9 g ai / ha or less, 9.8 g ai / ha or less, 9.7 g ai / ha or less, 9.6 g ai / ha or less, 9.5 g ai / ha or less, 9.4 g ai / ha or less, 9.3 g ai / ha or less, 9.2 g ai / ha or less, 9.1 g ai / ha or less, 9 g ai / ha or less, 8.8 g ai / ha or less, 8.6 g ai / ha or less, 8.4 g ai / ha or less, 8.2 g ai / ha or less, 8 g ai / ha or less, 7.8 g ai / ha or less, 7.6 g ai / ha or less, 7.4 g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 7.2g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6.8g ai / ha or less, 6.6g ai / ha or less, 6.4g ai / ha or less, 6.2g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.8g ai / ha or less, 5.6g ai / ha or less, 5.4g ai / ha or less, 5.2g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.8g ai / ha or less, 4.6g ai / ha or less, 4.4g ai / ha or less, 4.2g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.8g ai / ha or less, 3.6g ai / ha or less, 3.4g ai / ha or less, 3.2g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.9g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 2.8g ai / ha or less, 2.7g ai / ha or less, 2.6g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2.4g ai / ha or less, 2.3g ai / ha or less, 2.2g ai / ha or less, 2.1g ai / ha or less, 2.0g ai / ha or less, 1.9g ai / ha or less, 1.8g ai / ha or less, 1.7g ai / ha or less, 1.6g ai / ha or less, 1.5g ai / ha or less, 1.4g ai / ha or less, 1.3g ai / ha or less, 1.2g ai / ha or less, 1.1g ai / ha or less, 1g ai / ha or less, 0.9g ai / ha or less, 0.8g ai / ha or less, 0.7g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 0.6g ai / ha or less, 0.5g ai / ha or less, 0.4g ai / ha or less, 0.3g ai / ha or less, or 0.2 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 0.1-10 g ai / ha, 0.4-8.8 g ai / ha, 1.1-6.2 g ai / ha, 1.7-7.5 g ai / ha, 1.8-9.2 g ai / ha, 1.9-9 g ai / ha, 2-6.8 g ai / ha, 2.2-9.5 g ai / ha, 2.5-10 g ai / ha, 2.8-7.6 g ai / ha, 3-9.4 g ai / ha, 3.2-7.2 g ai / ha, 3.4-10 g ai / ha, or 3.6-8 g ai / ha. Mesosulfuron

[0262] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include mesosulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Mesosulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides early to mid-emergence control of grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds in, for example, winter, spring, and durum wheat, triticale, and rye. Mesosulfuron and methods for preparing mesosulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0263] Mesosulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, mesosulfuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 1.6 g ai / ha or more, 1.7 g ai / ha or more, 1.8 g ai / ha or more, 1.9 g ai / ha or more, 2 g ai / ha or more, 2.1 g ai / ha or more, 2.25 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.75 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 3.25 g ai / ha or more, 3.5 g ai / ha or more, 3.75 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75g ai / ha or more, 5g ai / ha or more, 6g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 8g ai / ha or more, 9g ai / ha or more, 10g ai / ha or more, 12g ai / ha or more, 14g ai / ha or more, 16g ai / ha or more, 18g ai / ha or more, 20g ai / ha or more, 22g ai / ha or more, 24g ai / ha or more, 26g ai / ha or more, 28g ai / ha or more, 30g ai / ha or more, 31g ai / ha or more, 32g ai / ha or more, 33g ai / ha or more, 34g ai / ha or more, 35g ai / ha or more, 36g ai / ha or more, 37g ai / ha or more, 38g ai / ha or more, 39g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 41g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 43g ai / ha or more, or 44g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 45g ai / ha or less, such as 44g ai / ha or less, 43g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 41g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 39g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 37g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 33g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 31g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4.25g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.75g ai / ha or less, 3.5g ai / ha or less, 3.25g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.75g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2.25g ai / ha or less, 2.1g ai / ha or less, 2g ai / ha or less, 1.9g ai / ha or less, 1.8g ai / ha or less, 1.7g ai / ha or less, 1.6g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 1.5-45g ai / ha, 1.6-42g ai / ha, 1.5-40g ai / ha, 1.7-43g ai / ha, 1.8-35g ai / ha, 2-37g ai / ha, 2.25-41g ai / ha, 2.5-32g ai / ha, 2.75-45g ai / ha, 3-40g ai / ha, 3-33g ai / ha, 3-24g ai / ha, 3.5-45g ai / ha, or 4-39g ai / ha. Metsulfuron-methyl

[0264] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include metsulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Metsulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that controls grass and broadleaf weeds in, for example, wheat, barley, rice, oats, and triticale. Metsulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing metsulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0265] Metsulfuron-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, metsulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / ha or more, such as 1.1 g ai / ha or more, 1.2 g ai / ha or more, 1.25 g ai / ha or more, 1.3 g ai / ha or more, 1.4 g ai / ha or more, 1.5 g ai / ha or more, 1.6 g ai / ha or more, 1.7 g ai / ha or more, 1.8 g ai / ha or more, 1.9 g ai / ha or more, 2 g ai / ha or more, 2.1 g ai / ha or more, 2.2 g ai / ha or more, 2.3 g ai / ha or more, 2.4 g ai / ha or more, 2.5 g ai / ha or more, 2.6 g ai / ha or more, 2.7 g ai / ha or more, 2.8 g ai / ha or more, 2.9 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 3g ai / ha or more, 3.2g ai / ha or more, 3.4g ai / ha or more, 3.6g ai / ha or more, 3.8g ai / ha or more, 4g ai / ha or more, 4.2g ai / ha or more, 4.4g ai / ha or more, 4.6g ai / ha or more, 4.8g ai / ha or more, 5g ai / ha or more, 5.2g ai / ha or more, 5.4g ai / ha or more, 5.6g ai / ha or more, 5.8g ai / ha or more, 6g ai / ha or more, 6.2g ai / ha or more, 6.4g ai / ha or more, 6.6g ai / ha or more, 6.8g ai / ha or more, 7g ai / ha or more, 7.2g ai / ha or more, 7.4g ai / ha or more, 7.6g ai / ha or more, 7.8g ai / ha or more, 8g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 8.2 g ai / ha or more, 8.4 g ai / ha or more, 8.6 g ai / ha or more, 8.8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 9.2 g ai / ha or more, 9.4 g ai / ha or more, 9.6 g ai / ha or more, 9.8 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 10.2 g ai / ha or more, 10.4 g ai / ha or more, 10.6 g ai / ha or more, 10.8 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 11.1 g ai / ha or more, 11.2 g ai / ha or more, 11.3g ai / ha or more, 11.4g ai / ha or more, 11.5g ai / ha or more, 11.6g ai / ha or more, 11.7g ai / ha or more, 11.8g ai / ha or more, or 11.9g ai / ha or more; in amounts such as 12g ai / ha or less, such as 11.9g ai / ha or less, 11.8g ai / ha or less, 11.7g ai / ha or less, 11.6g ai / ha or less, 11.5g ai / ha or less, 11.4g ai / ha or less, 11.3g ai / ha or less, 11.2g ai / ha or less, 11.1g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10.8g ai / ha or less, 10.6g ai / ha or less, 10.4g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 10.2g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9.8g ai / ha or less, 9.6g ai / ha or less, 9.4g ai / ha or less, 9.2g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8.8g ai / ha or less, 8.6g ai / ha or less, 8.4g ai / ha or less, 8.2g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.8g ai / ha or less, 7.6g ai / ha or less, 7.4g ai / ha or less, 7.2g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6.8g ai / ha or less, 6.6g ai / ha or less, 6.4g ai / ha or less, 6.2g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.8g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 5.6g ai / ha or less, 5.4g ai / ha or less, 5.2g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.8g ai / ha or less, 4.6g ai / ha or less, 4.4g ai / ha or less, 4.2g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3.8g ai / ha or less, 3.6g ai / ha or less, 3.4g ai / ha or less, 3.2g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, 2.9g ai / ha or less, 2.8g ai / ha or less, 2.7g ai / ha or less, 2.6g ai / ha or less, 2.5g ai / ha or less, 2.4g ai / ha or less, 2.3g ai / ha or less, 2.2g ai / ha or less, 2.1g ai / ha or less, 2g ai / ha or less, 1.9g ai / ha or less, 1.8g ai / ha, 1.7g ai / ha or less, 1.6g ai / ha or less, 1.5g ai / ha or less, 1.4g ai / ha or less, 1.3g ai / ha or less, 1.25g ai / ha or less, 1.2g ai / ha or less, or 1.1g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 1-12g ai / ha, 1-10g ai / ha, 1.1-9.4g ai / ha, 1.25-8.2g ai / ha, 1.25-11g ai / ha, 1.3-7g ai / ha, 1.4-5.8g ai / ha, 1.5-12g ai / ha, 1.5-10.4g ai / ha, 1.5-8.8g ai / ha, 2-11.7g ai / ha, 2.2-6.4g ai / ha. ai / ha, 2.5-7.6g ai / ha, 2.8-12g ai / ha, or 3-8g ai / ha. . Nicosulfuron

[0266] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include nicosulfuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Nicosulfuron, as shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides selective post-emergence control of annual grass weeds (including Setaria, Echinochloa, Digitaria, Panicum, Lysimachia, and Avena species), broadleaf weeds (including Amaranth species and crucifers), and perennials (such as Sorghum kaolini and Elymus chinensis) in, for example, maize. Nicosulfuron and methods for preparing nicosulfuron are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0267] Nicosulfuron may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, nicosulfuron is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 8.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, or 69g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 70g ai / ha or less, such as 69g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less. ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, or 9g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 8.75-70g ai / ha, 9-68g ai / ha, 10-50g ai / ha, 12-66g ai / ha, 14-44g ai / ha, 15-58g ai / ha, 18-65g ai / ha, ai / ha, 20-45g ai / ha, 22-60g ai / ha, 26-56g ai / ha, or 30-70g ai / ha. ; Pyrifasulfonyl

[0268] Compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include pyrimidinesulfonyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pyrimidinesulfonyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides early post-emergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and sedges in, for example, rice, cereals, pasture, and sugarcane. Pyrimidinesulfonyl and methods for preparing pyrimidinesulfonyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0269] Pyrimidinesulfonyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, pyrimidinesulfonyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 7.5 g ai / ha or more, such as 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 40g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 71g ai / ha or more, 72g ai / ha or more, 73g ai / ha or more, or 74g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 75g ai / ha or less, such as 74g ai / ha or less, 72g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less. or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, or 8g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 7.5-75g ai / ha, 7.5-60g ai / ha, 8-58g ai / ha, 9-42g ai / ha, 10-70g ai / ha ai / ha, 10-56g ai / ha, 11-40g ai / ha, 13-64g ai / ha, 15-75g ai / ha, 17-46gai / ha, 20-65g ai / ha, 20-52g ai / ha, 22-48g ai / ha, or 24-74gai / ha. ; Sulfosuccinate-methyl

[0270] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include sulfasulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Sulfasulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides post-emergence control of most annual and perennial grass weeds and several broadleaf weeds in maize, tomatoes, and potatoes at 15 g / ha. Sulfasulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing sulfasulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0271] Sulfosuccinate-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, sulfamethoxam is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 5 g ai / ha or more, such as 5.5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 7.5 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 27 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, 69g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 71g ai / ha or more, 72g ai / ha or more, 73g ai / ha or more, or 74g ai / ha or more;In amounts such as 75g ai / ha or less, such as 74g ai / ha or less, 73g ai / ha or less, 72g ai / ha or less, 71g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 69g ai / ha or less, 68g ai / ha or less, 66g ai / ha or less, 64g ai / ha or less, 62g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 58g ai / ha or less, 56g ai / ha or less, 54g ai / ha or less, 52g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 48g ai / ha or less, 46g ai / ha or less, 44g ai / ha or less, 42g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 38g ai / ha or less. or less, or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 5-75g ai / ha or less, 36g ai / ha or less, 34g ai / ha or less, 32g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 27g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.5g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.5g ai / ha or less, or 5g ai / ha or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 5-75g ai / ha or less. ai / ha, 7.5-70g ai / ha, 9-64gai / ha, 18-69g ai / ha, 27-36gai / ha, 5.5-66g ai / ha, 14-18g ai / ha, 27-69g ai / ha, 7-38g ai / ha, 12-52g ai / ha, 9-44gai / ha, 10-38g ai / ha, 16-75g ai / ha, or 20-48g ai / ha. ; Sulfosulphonyl

[0272] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include sulfonylsulfonyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Sulfonylsulfonyl, as shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides control of annual broadleaf weeds and grass weeds, such as in cereals. Sulfonylsulfonyl and methods for preparing sulfonylsulfonyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0273] Sulfosulphonyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, sulfosulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 4.375 g ai / ha or more, such as 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 32 g ai / ha or more, 34 g ai / ha or more, 36 g ai / ha or more, 38 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 42g ai / ha or more, 44g ai / ha or more, 46g ai / ha or more, 48g ai / ha or more, 50g ai / ha or more, 52g ai / ha or more, 54g ai / ha or more, 56g ai / ha or more, 58g ai / ha or more, 60g ai / ha or more, 62g ai / ha or more, 64g ai / ha or more, 66g ai / ha or more, 68g ai / ha or more, 70g ai / ha or more, 71g ai / ha or more, 72g ai / ha or more, 73g ai / ha or more, or 74g ai / ha or more;In the following amounts: 75 g ai / ha or less, such as 74 g ai / ha or less, 73 g ai / ha or less, 72 g ai / ha or less, 71 g ai / ha or less, 70 g ai / ha or less, 68 g ai / ha or less, 66 g ai / ha or less, 64 g ai / ha or less, 62 g ai / ha or less, 60 g ai / ha or less, 58 g ai / ha or less, 56 g ai / ha or less, 54 g ai / ha or less, 52 g ai / ha or less, 50 g ai / ha or less, 48 ​​g ai / ha or less, 46 g ai / ha or less, 44 g ai / ha or less, 42 g ai / ha or less, 40 g ai / ha or less, 38 g ai / ha or less, 36 g ai / ha or less, 34 g ai / ha or less, 32 g ai / ha or less. or less, 30 g ai / ha or less, 28 g ai / ha or less, 26 g ai / ha or less, 24 g ai / ha or less, 22 g ai / ha or less, 20 g ai / ha or less, 18 g ai / ha or less, 16 g ai / ha or less, 14 g ai / ha or less, 12 g ai / ha or less, 10 g ai / ha or less, 9 g ai / ha or less, 8 g ai / ha or less, 7 g ai / ha or less, 6 g ai / ha or less, 5 g ai / ha or less, or 4.75 g ai / ha or less, or 4.5 g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 4.375-75 g ai / ha, 4.5-70 g ai / ha. ai / ha, 4.75-64gai / ha, 5-75g ai / ha, 5-73g ai / ha, 5-66g ai / ha, 5-40g ai / ha, 6-75gai / ha, 7-68g ai / ha, 7-52g ai / ha, 9-44g ai / ha, 10-50g ai / ha, 16-75g ai / ha, or 20-60g ai / ha. ; Thifensulfuron-methyl

[0274] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include thifensulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Thifensulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides control of annual weeds in, for example, cereals, corn, and pastures. Thifensulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing thifensulfuron-methyl are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0275] Thifensulfuron-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, thifensulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount to prevent emergence or growth of vegetation: 4.4 g ai / ha or more, such as 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.6 g ai / ha or more, 4.7 g ai / ha or more, 4.8 g ai / ha or more, 4.9 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 5.2 g ai / ha or more, 5.4 g ai / ha or more, 5.6 g ai / ha or more, 5.8 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 6.2 g ai / ha or more, 6.4 g ai / ha or more, 6.6 g ai / ha or more, 6.8 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 7.2 g ai / ha or more, 7.4 g ai / ha or more, 7.6 g ai / ha or more, 7.8 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 8.2 g ai / ha or more, 8.4 g ai / ha or more, 8.6 g ai / ha or more, 8.8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 9.2 g ai / ha or more, 9.4 g ai / ha or more, 9.6 g ai / ha or more, 9.8 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 16.2 g ai / ha or more, 16.4 g ai / ha or more, 16.6 g ai / ha or more, 16.8 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 17.1 g ai / ha or more, 17.2 g ai / ha or more, 17.3 g ai / ha or more ai / ha or more, or 17.4g ai / ha or more; in the following amounts: 17.5g ai / ha or less, such as 17.4g ai / ha or less, 17.3g ai / ha or less, 17.2g ai / ha or less, 17.1g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16.8g ai / ha or less, 16.6g ai / ha or less, 16.4g ai / ha or less, 16.2g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9.8g ai / ha or less, 9.6g ai / ha or less, 9.4g ai / ha or less, 9.2g ai / ha or less, 9gai / ha or less, 8.8g ai / ha or less, 8.6g ai / ha or less, 8.4g ai / ha or less, 8.2g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.8g ai / ha or less, 7.6g ai / ha or less, 7.4g ai / ha or less, 7.2g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6.8g ai / ha or less, 6.6g ai / ha or less, 6.4g ai / ha or less, 6.2g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.8g ai / ha or less, 5.6g ai / ha or less, 5.4g ai / ha or less, 5.2g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.9g ai / ha or less, 4.8g ai / ha or less, 4.7g ai / ha or less, 4.6g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, or 4.4g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 4.4-17.5g ai / ha, 4.5-16g ai / ha, 4.8-11g ai / ha, 5-17.3g ai / ha, 5-16.2g ai / ha, 5.4-13g ai / ha, 5.8-10g ai / ha, 6-12g ai / ha, 6-16g ai / ha, 7.4-16.4g ai / ha, 7.8-15g ai / ha ai / ha, 8-15g ai / ha, or 8-17.1g ai / ha. . Bensulfuron-methyl

[0276] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include bensulfuron-methyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bensulfuron-methyl, shown below, is a sulfonylurea that provides post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in, for example, cereal crops (including wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale). Bensulfuron-methyl and methods for preparing it are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0277] Bensulfuron-methyl may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation, in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, bensulfuron-methyl is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 3.75 g ai / ha or more, such as 4 g ai / ha or more, 4.25 g ai / ha or more, 4.5 g ai / ha or more, 4.75 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 5.25 g ai / ha or more, 5.5 g ai / ha or more, 5.75 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 7.5 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 11 g ai / ha or more, 12 g ai / ha or more, 13 g ai / ha or more, 14 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 16 g ai / ha or more, 17 g ai / ha or more, 18 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 19 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 21 g ai / ha or more, 22 g ai / ha or more, 23 g ai / ha or more, 24 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 25.5 g ai / ha or more, 26 g ai / ha or more, 26.5 g ai / ha or more, 27 g ai / ha or more, 27.5 g ai / ha or more, 28 g ai / ha or more, 28.5 g ai / ha or more, 29 g ai / ha or more, 29.25 g ai / ha or more, 29.5 g ai / ha or more, or 29.75 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 30 g ai / ha or less, such as 29.75 g ai / ha or less, 29.5 g ai / ha or less, 29.25 g ai / ha or more, or 29.75 g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 29g ai / ha or less, 28.5g ai / ha or less, 28g ai / ha or less, 27.5g ai / ha or less, 27g ai / ha or less, 26.5g ai / ha or less, 26g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 24g ai / ha or less, 23g ai / ha or less, 22g ai / ha or less, 21g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 19g ai / ha or less, 18g ai / ha or less, 17g ai / ha or less, 16g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 14g ai / ha or less, 13g ai / ha or less, 12g ai / ha or less, 11g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7.5g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5.75g ai / ha or less, 5.5g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 5.25g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4.75g ai / ha or less, 4.5g ai / ha or less, 4.25g ai / ha or less, or 4g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 3.75-30g ai / ha, 4-27.5g ai / ha, 4.25-23g ai / ha, 4.5-17g ai / ha, 5-25g ai / ha, 6-29.5g ai / ha, 7-28g ai / ha, 7.5-23g ai / ha, 7.5-20g ai / ha, 9-30g ai / ha, 10-19g ai / ha, or 10-27.5g ai / ha. Synthetic auxin herbicides

[0278] In addition to the compound according to formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), the composition may also contain a synthetic auxin herbicide. Synthetic auxin herbicides mimic natural plant hormones and can inhibit cell division and growth. Synthetic auxin herbicides include phenoxy herbicides, benzoic acid herbicides, aryl picolinate herbicides, quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides, pyrimidinecarboxylic acid herbicides and benzothiazole herbicides, as well as agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof.

[0279] In some aspects, the composition can comprise a synthetic auxin herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D; 2,4-DB; 2,3,6-TBA, cyprodinil, aminopyralid, fenpropimorph, clofopyralid, 2,4-dichlorprop, 2,4-dichlorprop-P, dicamba, fluazifop (e.g., fluazifop-butyl), fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-MHE, fluazifop (e.g., fluazifop-butyl), indolepyralid (e.g., indolepyralid cyanomethyl), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-P, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, picloram, quinclorac, quinclorac, triclopyr, agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the synthetic auxin herbicide can include 2,4-D, MCPA, aminopyralid, clopyralid, dicamba, fluazifop, fluazifop, halopyralid, quinclorac, agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof, and combinations thereof.

[0280] The synthetic auxin herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water, in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, the synthetic auxin herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof is applied to vegetation or to an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 gram acid equivalent per hectare (g ai) or more, such as 1.5 g ai or more, 2 g ai or more, 2.5 g ai or more, 3 g ai or more, 3.5 g ai or more, 4 g ai or more, 4.5 g ai or more, 5 g ai or more, 6 g ai or more, 7 g ai or more, 8 g ai or more, 9 g ai or more, 10 g ai or more, 15 g ai or more, 20 g ai or more, 25 g ai or more, 30 g ai or more, 35 g ai or more, 40 g ai or more, 45 g ai or more, 50 g ai or more, 55 g ai or more, 60 g ai or more, 65 g ai or more, 70 g ai or more, 75 g ai or more, 80 g ai or more. g ai or more, 85g ai or more, 90g ai or more, 95g ai or more, 100g ai or more, 110g ai or more, 120g ai or more, 130g ai or more, 140g ai or more, 150g ai or more, 160g ai or more, 170g ai or more, 180g ai or more, 190g ai or more, 200g ai or more, 220g ai or more, 240g ai or more, 250g ai or more, 260g ai or more, 280g ai or more, 300g ai or more, 320g ai or more, 340g ai or more, 350g ai or more, 360g ai or more, 380g ai or more, 400g ai or more, 450g ai or more, 500g ai or more, 550g ai or more, 600g ai or more, 650g ai or more ai or more, 700g ai or more, 750g ai or more, 800g ai or more, 850g ai or more, 900g ai or more, 950g ai or more, 1000g ai or more, 1050g ai or more, 1100g ai or more, 1150g ai or more, 1200g ai or more, 1250g ai or more, 1300g ai or more, 1350g ai or more, 1400g ai or more, 1450g ai or more, 1500g ai or more, 1600g ai or more, 1700g ai or more, 1800g ai or more, 1900g ai or moreai or more, 2000g ai or more, 2050g ai or more, 2100g ai or more, 2150g ai or more, 2200g ai or more, 2240g ai or more, 2250g ai or more, 2300g ai or more, 2350g ai or more, 2400g ai or more, 2450g ai or more, 2500g ai or more, 2600g ai or more, 2700g ai or more, 2750g ai or more, 2800g ai or more, 2900g ai or more, 3000g ai or more, 3050g ai or more, 3100g ai or more, 3150g ai or more, 3200g ai or more, 3250g ai or more, 3300g ai or more, 3350g ai or more, 3400g ai or more, 3450g ai or more ai or more, 3500g ai or more, 3600g ai or more, 3700g ai or more, 3750g ai or more, 3800g ai or more, 3900g ai or more, or 3950g ai or more; 4000g ai or less, such as 3950g ai or less, 3900g ai or less, 3800g ai or less, 3750g ai or less, 3700g ai or less, 3600g ai or less, 3500g ai or less, 3450g ai or less, 3400g ai or less, 3350g ai or less, 3300g ai or less, 3250g ai or less, 3200g ai or less, 3150g ai or less, 3100g ai or less, 3050g ai or less, 3000g ai ai or less, 2900g ai or less, 2800g ai or less, 2750g ai or less, 2700g ai or less, 2600g ai or less, 2500g ai or less, 2450g ai or less, 2400g ai or less, 2350g ai or less, 2300g ai or less, 2250g ai or less, 2240g ai or less, 2200g ai or less, 2150g ai or less, 2100g ai or less, 2050g ai or less, 2000g ai or less, 1900g ai or less, 1800g ai or less, 1750g ai or less, 1700g ai or less, 1600g ai or less, 1500g ai or less, 1450g ai or less ai or less, 1400g ai or less, 1350g ai or less, 1300g ai or less, 1250g ai or less, 1240g ai or less, 1200g ai or less, 1150gai or less, 1100g ai or less, 1050g ai or less, 1000g ai or less, 950g ai or less, 900g ai or less, 850g ai or less, 800g ai or less, 750g ai or less, 700g ai or less, 650g ai or less, 600g ai or less, 550g ai or less, 500g ai or less, 450g ai or less, 400g ai or less, 380g ai or less, 360g ai or less, 350g ai or less, 340g ai or less, 320g ai or less, 300g ai or less, 280g ai or less, 260g ai or less, 250g ai or less, 240g ai or less, 220g ai or less, 200g ai or less ai or less, 190g ai or less, 180g ai or less, 170g ai or less, 160g ai or less, 150g ai or less, 140g ai or less, 130g ai or less, 120g ai or less, 110g ai or less, 100g ai or less, 95g ai or less, 90g ai or less, 85g ai or less, 80g ai or less, 75g ai or less, 70g ai or less, 65g ai or less, 60g ai or less, 55g ai or less, 50g ai or less, 45g ai or less, 40g ai or less, 35g ai or less, 30g ai or less, 25g ai or less, 20g ai or less, 15g ai or less, 10g ai or less, 9g ai or less, 8g ai or less ai or less, 7g ai or less, 6g ai or less, 5g ai or less, 4.5g ai or less, 4g ai or less, 3.5g ai or less, 3g ai or less, 2.5g ai or less, 2g ai or less, 1.5g ai or less, or 1g ai or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the above minimum values ​​to any of the above maximum values, such as 1-4000g ai, 1-2240g ai, 1-150g ai, 1.5-3150g ai, 2-900g ai, 2.5-3200g ai, 3-1250g ai, 5-260g ai, 6-750g ai, 7-2100g ai, 10-2240g ai, 20-3600g ai, 40-3950g ai, 50-400g ai, 70-1250g ai, 100-1400g ai, or 250-1700g ai. Phenoxycarboxylic acid

[0281] In some aspects, the composition contains a compound according to Formula I or compounds PYR-1 to PYR-21 (and all stereoisomers thereof), and (b) 2,4-D, 2,4-DB2, chloroformamide, 2,4-dichlorprop, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid, MCPA, MCPB, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. 2,4-D

[0282] In some aspects, synthetic auxin herbicides may include 2,4-D or its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester. 2,4-D, as shown below, is a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides broad-spectrum control of many annual, semi-annual, and perennial broadleaf weeds and aquatic broadleaf weeds in cereals, corn, sorghum, grasslands, established turf, grass seed crops, orchards (pome and stone fruit), blueberry, asparagus, sugarcane, rice, woodlands, and non-crop land (including areas adjacent to water). 2,4-D and methods for preparing 2,4-D are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in, for example, The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0283] In some aspects, 2,4-D can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester of 2,4-D. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of 2,4-D include, but are not limited to, 2,4-D-ammonium 2,4-D-butoxyethyl, 2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D choline, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium (2,4-DDMA), 2,4-D-diethanolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl (2,4-D In some aspects, 2,4-D can be provided as 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl (2,4-DEHE) as shown below.

[0284] In some aspects, 2,4-D can be provided as 2,4-D DMA as shown below.

[0285] In some aspects, 2,4-D can be provided as 2,4-D choline as shown below.

[0286] In some aspects, 2,4-D can be provided as 2,4-D triethanolamine (2,4-D-trolamine) as shown below.

[0287] Also included herein are analogs of 2,4-D, such as 2,4-D dimers, aminooxylates, amides, and esters. Exemplary analogs of 2,4-D include those disclosed in PCT / US2023 / 071586, filed August 3, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0288] Exemplary 2,4-D analogs include the following: Table 23: 2,4-D Analogs

[0289] Exemplary uses of 2,4-D, such as 2,4-D-choline or 2,4-D triethanolamine, include, but are not limited to, controlling annual and perennial broadleaf weeds, including, but not limited to, glyphosate-resistant broadleaf weeds. 2,4-D-choline can be used on crops that have been tolerant to 2,4-D, including, but not limited to, 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans, corn, and cotton. 2,4-D-choline is typically, but not necessarily, applied post-emergence. 2,4-D-choline can also be used for weed control in non-crop and perennial cropping systems.

[0290] 2,4-D may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce herbicidal action to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, 2,4-D is applied to vegetation or to areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 gram of active ingredient per hectare (g ai / ha) or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 100g ai / ha or more, 125g ai / ha or more, 150g ai / ha or more, 175g ai / ha or more, 200g ai / ha or more, 225g ai / ha or more, 250g ai / ha or more, 275g ai / ha or more, 300g ai / ha or more, 325g ai / ha or more, 350g ai / ha or more, 375g ai / ha or more, 400g ai / ha or more, 450g ai / ha or more, 500g ai / ha or more, 550g ai / ha or more, 600g ai / ha or more, 650g ai / ha or more, 700g ai / ha or more, 750g ai / ha or more, 800g ai / ha or more, 850g ai / ha or more, 900g ai / ha or more, 950g ai / ha or more, 1000g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1700 g ai / ha or more, 1800 g ai / ha or more, 1900 g ai / ha or more, 2000 g ai / ha or more, 2100 g ai / ha or more, 2200 g ai / ha or more, 2240 g ai / ha or more, 2250 g ai / ha or more, 2300 g ai / ha or more, 2400 g ai / ha or more, 2500 g ai / ha or moreg ai / ha or more, 2600 g ai / ha or more, 2700 g ai / ha or more, 2800 g ai / ha or more, 2900 g ai / ha or more, 3000 g ai / ha or more, 3100 g ai / ha or more, 3200 g ai / ha or more, 3300 g ai / ha or more, 3400 g ai / ha or more, 3500 g ai / ha or more, 3600 g ai / ha or more, 3700 g ai / ha or more, 3750 g ai / ha or more, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3850 g ai / ha or more, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 4000 g ai / ha or less, such as 3950 g ai / ha or less, 3900 g ai / ha or more, 3950 g ai / ha or more; g ai / ha or less, 3850 g ai / ha or less, 3800 g ai / ha or less, 3750 g ai / ha or less, 3700 g ai / ha or less, 3600 g ai / ha or less, 3500 g ai / ha or less, 3400 g ai / ha or less, 3300 g ai / ha or less, 3200 g ai / ha or less, 3100 g ai / ha or less, 3000 g ai / ha or less, 2900 g ai / ha or less, 2800 g ai / ha or less, 2700 g ai / ha or less, 2600 g ai / ha or less, 2500 g ai / ha or less, 2400 g ai / ha or less, 2300 g ai / ha or less, 2250 g ai / ha or less, 2240 g ai / ha or less. g ai / ha or less, 2200 g ai / ha or less, 2100 g ai / ha or less, 2000 g ai / ha or less, 1900 g ai / ha or less, 1800 g ai / ha or less, 1700 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 950 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 850 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 750 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, 650 g ai / ha or less, 600 g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 550g ai / ha or less, 500g ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 375g ai / ha or less, 350gai / ha or less, 325g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 275g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 225g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 175g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 125g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less g ai / ha, 3-275 g ai / ha, 6-750 g ai / ha, 7-2100 g ai / ha, 10-2240 g ai / ha, 20-3300 g ai / ha, 40-3950 g ai / ha, ai / ha, 50-400g ai / ha, 70-2400g ai / ha, 100-950gai / ha, or 250-1700g ai / ha. 2,4-DB

[0291] In some aspects, synthetic auxin herbicides may include 2,4-DB, a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides post-emergence control of many annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in alfalfa, clover, cereals, grasslands, forages, legumes, soybeans, and peanuts. 2,4-DB and methods for preparing 2,4-DB are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0292] In some aspects, 2,4-DB can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester of 2,4-DB. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of 2,4-DB include, but are not limited to, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium (2,4-DB DMA), 2,4-DB-isooctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, and 2,4-DB-sodium.

[0293] 2,4-DB may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, 2,4-DB is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / ha or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, g ai / ha or more, 125 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 175 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 225 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 275 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 325 g ai / ha or more, 350 g ai / ha or more, 375 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 450 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 550 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 750 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 850 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 950 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1700 g ai / ha or more, 1800 g ai / ha or more, 1900 g ai / ha or more, 2000 g ai / ha or more, 2100 g ai / ha or more, 2200 g ai / ha or more, 2240 g ai / ha or more, 2250 g ai / ha or more, 2300 g ai / ha or more, 2400 g ai / ha or moreg ai / ha or more, 2500 g ai / ha or more, 2600 g ai / ha or more, 2700 g ai / ha or more, 2800 g ai / ha or more, 2900 g ai / ha or more, 3000 g ai / ha or more, 3100 g ai / ha or more, 3200 g ai / ha or more, 3300 g ai / ha or more, 3400 g ai / ha or more, 3500 g ai / ha or more, 3600 g ai / ha or more, 3700 g ai / ha or more, 3750 g ai / ha or more, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3850 g ai / ha or more, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha; in amounts of 4000 g ai / ha or less, such as 3950 g ai / ha or less, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 3850g ai / ha or less, 3800g ai / ha or less, 3750g ai / ha or less, 3700g ai / ha or less, 3600g ai / ha or less, 3500g ai / ha or less, 3400g ai / ha or less, 3300g ai / ha or less, 3200g ai / ha or less, 3100g ai / ha or less, 3000g ai / ha or less, 2900g ai / ha or less, 2800g ai / ha or less, 2700g ai / ha or less, 2600g ai / ha or less, 2500g ai / ha or less, 2400g ai / ha or less, 2300g ai / ha or less, 2250g ai / ha or less, 2240g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 2200 g ai / ha or less, 2100 g ai / ha or less, 2000 g ai / ha or less, 1900 g ai / ha or less, 1800 g ai / ha or less, 1700 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 950 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 850 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 750 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, 650 g ai / ha or less, 600 g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 550g ai / ha or less, 500g ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 375gai / ha or less, 350g ai / ha or less, 325g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 275g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 225g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 175g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 125g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g g ai / ha, 2-3100 g ai / ha, 2-900 g ai / ha, 3-2600 g ai / ha, 3-1200 g ai / ha, 5-275 g ai / ha, 6-750 g ai / ha, 7-2100 g ai / ha, 10-2240 g ai / ha, 20-3300 g ai / ha, 25-3750 g ai / ha, 26-3800 g ai / ha, 27-3900 g ai / ha, 30-4000 g ai / ha, 31-3750 g ai / ha, 32-3800 g ai / ha, 33-3900 g ai / ha, 34-3750 g ai / ha, 35-3800 g ai / ha, 36-3750 g ai / ha, 37-3800 g ai / ha, 38-3900 g ai / ha, 39-4000 g ai / ha, 40-4000 g ai / ha, 40-4000 g ai / ha, 40-4000 g ai / ha, 40-4000 g ai / ha, ai / ha, 40-3950g ai / ha, 50-400g ai / ha, 70-2400g ai / ha, 100-950g ai / ha, or 250-1700g ai / ha. Chloroformamide

[0294] In some aspects, the synthetic auxin herbicide can include chlorambucil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Chlorambucil, shown below, is a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides pre-emergence to early post-emergence control of broadleaf and sedge weeds in rice. Chlorambucil and methods for preparing chlorambucil are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016. 2,4-Dichloropropionic acid

[0295] In some aspects, the synthetic auxin herbicide can include 2,4-dichlorprop or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. 2,4-Dichlorprop, shown below, is a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides broad-spectrum control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in cereals and grasslands; shrub control in non-crop lands; control of broadleaf aquatic weeds; and maintenance of road embankments and roadside grasses. 2,4-Dichlorprop and methods for preparing 2,4-dichlorprop are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0296] In some aspects, 2,4-dichlorprop can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester of 2,4-dichlorprop. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of 2,4-dichlorprop include but are not limited to 2,4-dichlorprop-butoxyethyl, 2,4-dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, 2,4-dichlorprop-ethylammonium, 2,4-dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-dichlorprop-isooctyl, 2,4-dichlorprop-methyl, 2,4-dichlorprop-potassium, 2,4-dichlorprop-sodium, smart 2,4-dichlorprop, smart 2,4-dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, smart 2,4-dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl, smart 2,4-dichlorprop-potassium and smart 2,4-dichlorprop-sodium. In some aspects, 2,4-dichlorprop can be provided as the stereoisomer smart 2,4-dichlorprop as shown below.

[0297] Dichlorprop may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, 2,4-dichloropropane is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / ha or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 125 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 175 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 225 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 275 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 325 g ai / ha or more, 350 g ai / ha or more, 375 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 450 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 550 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 750 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 850 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 950 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1700 g ai / ha or more, 1800 g ai / ha or more, 1900 g ai / ha or more, 2000 g ai / ha or more, 2100 g ai / ha or more, 2200 g ai / ha or more, 2240 g ai / ha or more, 2250 g ai / ha or more, 2300 g ai / ha or more, 2400 g ai / ha or more, 2500 g ai / ha or more, 2600 g ai / ha or moreg ai / ha or more, 2700 g ai / ha or more, 2800 g ai / ha or more, 2900 g ai / ha or more, 3000 g ai / ha or more, 3100 g ai / ha or more, 3200 g ai / ha or more, 3300 g ai / ha or more, 3400 g ai / ha or more, 3500 g ai / ha or more, 3600 g ai / ha or more, 3700 g ai / ha or more, 3750 g ai / ha or more, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3850 g ai / ha or more, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 4000 g ai / ha or less, such as 3950 g ai / ha or less, 3900 g ai / ha or less, 3850 g ai / ha or less, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3950 g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 3750g ai / ha or less, 3700g ai / ha or less, 3600g ai / ha or less, 3500g ai / ha or less, 3400g ai / ha or less, 3300g ai / ha or less, 3200g ai / ha or less, 3100g ai / ha or less, 3000g ai / ha or less, 2900g ai / ha or less, 2800g ai / ha or less, 2700g ai / ha or less, 2600g ai / ha or less, 2500g ai / ha or less, 2400g ai / ha or less, 2300g ai / ha or less, 2250g ai / ha or less, 2240g ai / ha or less, 2200g ai / ha or less, 2100g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 2000 g ai / ha or less, 1900 g ai / ha or less, 1800 g ai / ha or less, 1700 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 950 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 850 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 750 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, 650 g ai / ha or less, 600 g ai / ha or less, 550 g ai / ha or less, 500 g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 375g ai / ha or less, 350g ai / ha or less, 325gai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 275g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 225g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 175g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 125g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha, 15g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, or 2g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 1-4000 g ai / ha, 1-150 g ai / ha, 2-3100 g ai / ha, 2-900 g ai / ha, 3-2600 g ai / ha, 3-1200 g ai / ha, 5-275 g ai / ha, 6-750 g ai / ha, 7-2100 g ai / ha, 10-2240 g ai / ha, 20-3300 g ai / ha, 40-3950 g ai / ha, 50-400 g ai / ha ai / ha, 70-2400g ai / ha, 100-950g ai / ha, or 250-1700g ai / ha. 2-Methyl-4-chloropropionic acid

[0298] In some aspects, synthetic auxin herbicides may include 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid or its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester. 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid, as shown below, is a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides broad-spectrum control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley, oats, forage seed crops, grasslands, and under fruit trees and vines. 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid also provides control of sorrel (Rumex spp.) in grasslands and pastures. 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid and methods for preparing 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0299] In some aspects, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester of 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid include, but are not limited to, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-butoxyethyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-potassium, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-sodium, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-dimethylammonium, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-diethanolamine, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-ethadyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-2-ethylhexyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-isooctyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-methyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-triethanolamine, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-butoxyethyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-dimethylammonium, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-ethylhexyl, and 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-potassium. In some aspects, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid can be provided as the stereoisomer pure 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid as shown below.

[0300] 2-Methyl-4-chloropropionic acid may be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / ha or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 125 g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 175 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 225 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 275 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 325 g ai / ha or more, 350 g ai / ha or more, 375 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 450 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 550 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 750 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 850 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 950 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1700 g ai / ha or more, 1800 g ai / ha or more, 1900 g ai / ha or more, 2000 g ai / ha or more, 2100 g ai / ha or more, 2200 g ai / ha or more, 2240 g ai / ha or more, 2250 g ai / ha or more, 2300 g ai / ha or more, 2400 g ai / ha or more, 2500 g ai / ha or moreg ai / ha or more, 2600 g ai / ha or more, 2700 g ai / ha or more, 2800 g ai / ha or more, 2900 g ai / ha or more, 3000 g ai / ha or more, 3100 g ai / ha or more, 3200 g ai / ha or more, 3300 g ai / ha or more, 3400 g ai / ha or more, 3500 g ai / ha or more, 3600 g ai / ha or more, 3700 g ai / ha or more, 3750 g ai / ha or more, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3850 g ai / ha or more, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 4000 g ai / ha or less, such as 3950 g ai / ha or less, 3900 g ai / ha or less, 3950 g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 3800g ai / ha or less, 3750g ai / ha or less, 3700g ai / ha or less, 3600g ai / ha or less, 3500g ai / ha or less, 3400g ai / ha or less, 3300g ai / ha or less, 3200g ai / ha or less, 3100g ai / ha or less, 3000g ai / ha or less, 2900g ai / ha or less, 2800g ai / ha or less, 2700g ai / ha or less, 2600g ai / ha or less, 2500g ai / ha or less, 2400g ai / ha or less, 2300g ai / ha or less, 2250g ai / ha or less, 2240g ai / ha or less, 2200g g ai / ha or less, 2100 g ai / ha or less, 2000 g ai / ha or less, 1900 g ai / ha or less, 1800 g ai / ha or less, 1700 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 950 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 850 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 750 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, 650 g ai / ha or less, 600 g ai / ha or less, 550 g ai / ha or less, ai / ha or less, 500g ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 375g ai / ha or less, 350gai / ha or less, 325g ai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 275g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 225g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 175g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 125g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, or 2g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 1-4000 g ai / ha, 1-150 g ai / ha, 2-3100 g ai / ha, 2-900 g ai / ha, 3-2600 g ai / ha, 3-1200 g ai / ha, 5-275 g ai / ha, 6-750 g ai / ha, 7-2100 g ai / ha, 10-2240 g ai / ha, 20-3300 g ai / ha, 40-3950 g ai / ha, ai / ha, 50-400g ai / ha, 70-2400g ai / ha, 100-950g ai / ha, or 250-1700g ai / ha. MCPA

[0301] In some aspects, the synthetic auxin herbicide may include MCPA or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. MCPA, shown below, is a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides broad-spectrum control of many annual, semi-annual, and perennial broadleaf weeds, woody weeds, and aquatic broadleaf weeds in cereals, forage seed crops, flax, rice, vines, peas, potatoes, asparagus, grasslands, turfgrasses, fruit trees, under forest floors, and on roadside grasses and embankments. MCPA and methods for preparing MCPA are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0302] In some aspects, MCPA can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester of MCPA. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable salts of MCPA include, but are not limited to, MCPA-butoxyethyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium (MCPA-DMA), MCPA-diethanolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-2-ethylhexyl (MCPA EHE), MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isooctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl, MCPA-ethanolamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-triethanolamine. In some aspects, MCPA can be provided as MCPA-2-ethylhexyl (MCPA EHE) as shown below.

[0303] In some aspects, MCPA can be provided as MCPA-dimethylammonium (MCPA-DMA) as shown below.

[0304] MCPA can be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, MCPA is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / ha or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 125 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 175 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 225 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 275 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 325 g ai / ha or more, 350 g ai / ha or more, 375 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 450 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 550 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 750 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 850 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 950 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1700 g ai / ha or more, 1800 g ai / ha or more, 1900 g ai / ha or more, 2000 g ai / ha or more, 2100 g ai / ha or more, 2200 g ai / ha or more, 2240 g ai / ha or more, 2250 g ai / ha or more, 2300 g ai / ha or more, 2400 g ai / ha or more, 2500 g ai / ha or more, 2600 g ai / ha or moreg ai / ha or more, 2700 g ai / ha or more, 2800 g ai / ha or more, 2900 g ai / ha or more, 3000 g ai / ha or more, 3100 g ai / ha or more, 3200 g ai / ha or more, 3300 g ai / ha or more, 3400 g ai / ha or more, 3500 g ai / ha or more, 3600 g ai / ha or more, 3700 g ai / ha or more, 3750 g ai / ha or more, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3850 g ai / ha or more, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 4000 g ai / ha or less, such as 3950 g ai / ha or less, 3900 g ai / ha or less, 3850 g ai / ha or less, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3950 g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 3750g ai / ha or less, 3700g ai / ha or less, 3600g ai / ha or less, 3500g ai / ha or less, 3400g ai / ha or less, 3300g ai / ha or less, 3200g ai / ha or less, 3100g ai / ha or less, 3000g ai / ha or less, 2900g ai / ha or less, 2800g ai / ha or less, 2700g ai / ha or less, 2600g ai / ha or less, 2500g ai / ha or less, 2400g ai / ha or less, 2300g ai / ha or less, 2250g ai / ha or less, 2240g ai / ha or less, 2200g ai / ha or less, 2100g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 2000 g ai / ha or less, 1900 g ai / ha or less, 1800 g ai / ha or less, 1700 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 950 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 850 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 750 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, 650 g ai / ha or less, 600 g ai / ha or less, 550 g ai / ha or less, 500 g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or less, 375g ai / ha or less, 350g ai / ha or less, 325gai / ha or less, 300g ai / ha or less, 275g ai / ha or less, 250g ai / ha or less, 225g ai / ha or less, 200g ai / ha or less, 175g ai / ha or less, 150g ai / ha or less, 125g ai / ha or less, 100g ai / ha or less, 90g ai / ha or less, 80g ai / ha or less, 75g ai / ha or less, 70g ai / ha or less, 60g ai / ha or less, 50g ai / ha or less, 45g ai / ha or less, 40g ai / ha or less, 35g ai / ha or less, 30g ai / ha or less, 25g ai / ha or less, 20g ai / ha or less, 15g ai / ha or less, 10g ai / ha or less, 9g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 8g ai / ha or less, 7g ai / ha or less, 6g ai / ha or less, 5g ai / ha or less, 4g ai / ha or less, 3g ai / ha or less, or 2g ai / ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the foregoing minimum values ​​to any of the foregoing maximum values, such as 1-4000 g ai / ha, 1-150 g ai / ha, 2-3100 g ai / ha, 2-900 g ai / ha, 3-2600 g ai / ha, 3-1200 g ai / ha, 5-275 g ai / ha, 6-750 g ai / ha, 7-2100 g ai / ha, 10-2240 g ai / ha, 20-3300 g ai / ha, 40-3950 g ai / ha, 50-400 g ai / ha ai / ha, 70-2400g ai / ha, 100-950g ai / ha, or 250-1700g ai / ha. MCPB

[0305] In some aspects, the synthetic auxin herbicide may include MCPB or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. MCPB, shown below, is a phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide that provides broad-spectrum control of many broadleaf, woody, and aquatic broadleaf weeds in rice, cereals, clover, sainfoin, peas, peanuts, grasslands, turf, and woodlands. MCPB and methods for preparing MCPB are known in the art. Its herbicidal activity is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, 2016.

[0306] In some aspects, MCPB can be provided as an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester of MCPB. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable salts of MCPB include, but are not limited to, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-potassium, and MCPB-sodium.

[0307] MCPB can be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water in an amount sufficient to induce a herbicidal effect to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation. In some aspects, MCPB is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation or to soil or water in an amount of 1 g ai / ha or more, such as 2 g ai / ha or more, 3 g ai / ha or more, 4 g ai / ha or more, 5 g ai / ha or more, 6 g ai / ha or more, 7 g ai / ha or more, 8 g ai / ha or more, 9 g ai / ha or more, 10 g ai / ha or more, 15 g ai / ha or more, 20 g ai / ha or more, 25 g ai / ha or more, 30 g ai / ha or more, 35 g ai / ha or more, 40 g ai / ha or more, 45 g ai / ha or more, 50 g ai / ha or more, 60 g ai / ha or more, 70 g ai / ha or more, 75 g ai / ha or more, 80 g ai / ha or more, 90 g ai / ha or more, 100 g ai / ha or more, 125 g ai / ha or more. g ai / ha or more, 150 g ai / ha or more, 175 g ai / ha or more, 200 g ai / ha or more, 225 g ai / ha or more, 250 g ai / ha or more, 275 g ai / ha or more, 300 g ai / ha or more, 325 g ai / ha or more, 350 g ai / ha or more, 375 g ai / ha or more, 400 g ai / ha or more, 450 g ai / ha or more, 500 g ai / ha or more, 550 g ai / ha or more, 600 g ai / ha or more, 650 g ai / ha or more, 700 g ai / ha or more, 750 g ai / ha or more, 800 g ai / ha or more, 850 g ai / ha or more, 900 g ai / ha or more, 950 g ai / ha or more, 1000 g ai / ha or more, 1100 g ai / ha or more g ai / ha or more, 1200 g ai / ha or more, 1300 g ai / ha or more, 1400 g ai / ha or more, 1500 g ai / ha or more, 1600 g ai / ha or more, 1700 g ai / ha or more, 1800 g ai / ha or more, 1900 g ai / ha or more, 2000 g ai / ha or more, 2100 g ai / ha or more, 2200 g ai / ha or more, 2240 g ai / ha or more, 2250 g ai / ha or more, 2300 g ai / ha or more, 2400 g ai / ha or more, 2500 g ai / ha or more, 2600 g ai / ha or moreg ai / ha or more, 2700 g ai / ha or more, 2800 g ai / ha or more, 2900 g ai / ha or more, 3000 g ai / ha or more, 3100 g ai / ha or more, 3200 g ai / ha or more, 3300 g ai / ha or more, 3400 g ai / ha or more, 3500 g ai / ha or more, 3600 g ai / ha or more, 3700 g ai / ha or more, 3750 g ai / ha or more, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3850 g ai / ha or more, 3900 g ai / ha or more, or 3950 g ai / ha or more; in amounts of 4000 g ai / ha or less, such as 3950 g ai / ha or less, 3900 g ai / ha or less, 3850 g ai / ha or less, 3800 g ai / ha or more, 3950 g ai / ha or more; ai / ha or less, 3750g ai / ha or less, 3700g ai / ha or less, 3600g ai / ha or less, 3500g ai / ha or less, 3400g ai / ha or less, 3300g ai / ha or less, 3200g ai / ha or less, 3100g ai / ha or less, 3000g ai / ha or less, 2900g ai / ha or less, 2800g ai / ha or less, 2700g ai / ha or less, 2600g ai / ha or less, 2500g ai / ha or less, 2400g ai / ha or less, 2300g ai / ha or less, 2250g ai / ha or less, 2240g ai / ha or less, 2200g ai / ha or less, 2100g ai / ha or less g ai / ha or less, 2000 g ai / ha or less, 1900 g ai / ha or less, 1800 g ai / ha or less, 1700 g ai / ha or less, 1600 g ai / ha or less, 1500 g ai / ha or less, 1400 g ai / ha or less, 1300 g ai / ha or less, 1200 g ai / ha or less, 1100 g ai / ha or less, 1000 g ai / ha or less, 950 g ai / ha or less, 900 g ai / ha or less, 850 g ai / ha or less, 800 g ai / ha or less, 750 g ai / ha or less, 700 g ai / ha or less, 650 g ai / ha or less, 600 g ai / ha or less, 550 g ai / ha or less, 500 g ai / ha or less ai / ha or less, 450g ai / ha or less, 400g ai / ha or l...

Claims

1. A molecule comprising a structure having formula (I): in: X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR 5 , and S; R 1 Selected from H or F; R 2 is selected from methyl or cyclopropyl; R 3 is selected from H, methyl, or methoxy; and R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; and R 5 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy, (C3-C 10 )-alkenyloxy, (C3-C 10 )-alkynyloxy, aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkoxy, heterocyclyl-alkoxy, hydroxy, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl-sulfonyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl, aryl-sulfonyl, heteroaryl-sulfonyl, R 72 R 73 N-sulfonyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-NR 74 -sulfonyl, and aryl-oxy-sulfonyl; or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

2. The molecule of claim 1 comprising a structure having formula (II): in: R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 2 selected from the group consisting of: methyl and cyclopropyl; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, and methoxy; and R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

3. A molecule according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein The molecule is selected from formula (V), formula (VI), formula (VII), or formula (VIII): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

4. The molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The molecule is selected from Compound A, Compound B, Compound C, or Compound D:

5. The molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The molecule is selected from Compound E, Compound F, Compound G, or Compound H:

6. The molecule of claim 1 comprising a structure having formula (III): in R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 ; R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

7. A molecule according to claim 1 or claim 6, wherein The molecule is selected from formula (IX), or formula (X): where R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

8. The molecule of any one of claims 1, 6, or 7, wherein The molecule is selected from Compound I, Compound J, Compound K, or Compound L:

9. The molecule of claim 1 comprising a structure having formula (IV): in: R 1 Selected from the group consisting of: H and F; R 4 Selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkenyl, (C3-C 16 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-aryl, aryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-cyano, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkoxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, (C1-C 10 )-alkyl-sulfonyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl, R 72 R 73 N、SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-SiR 75 R 76 R 77 、R 78 R 79 C=N、(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , aryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , heteroaryl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C3-C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、R 70 QC(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 、R 70 QC(=O)Q-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 71 , hydroxy-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 、(C1-C 10 )-alkylthio-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl-C(=O)QR 70 , and (R 80 O)2P(=O)-(C1-C 10 )-alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of: O, S, and NR 71 , X is selected from the group consisting of: O and S, R 70 、R 71 、R 72 、R 73 、R 74 , and R 80 Independently selected from the group consisting of: H, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, and (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl; R 72 and R 73 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring; R 75 、R 76 , and R 77 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl and aryl; R 78 and R 79 Independently selected from the group consisting of: (C1-C 16 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkyl-aryl, (C1-C 16 )-haloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R 78 and R 79 together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

10. The molecule of claim 1 or claim 9, wherein The molecule is selected from the group consisting of Compound M, Compound N, and Compound O:

11. The molecule of claim 1, wherein The molecule is selected from the group consisting of: Compound P and Compound U:

12. A composition comprising the molecule of any one of claims 1-11, further comprising at least one additive.

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein The additive is selected from the group consisting of adjuvants, safeners, carriers, and combinations thereof.

14. A composition comprising: a first herbicide (a), wherein the first herbicide is a molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 11; and A second herbicide (b), wherein (b) is selected from the group consisting of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, photosystem II (PS-II) inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, synthetic auxins, auxin transport inhibitors, photosystem I inhibitors, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, glutamine synthase inhibitors, microtubule assembly inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) inhibitors, fatty acid and lipid synthesis (FA / LSI) inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, phytoene dehydrogenase (PDS) inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, herbicides with multiple modes of action, and unclassified herbicides.

15. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a PPO inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of acifluorfen, famoxadone, benzylpyridin, cypermethrin, fluazifop-butyl, foramoxadone, methoxypyridafen, indolone oxalic acid, isopropylpyridazin, flupyridazin-butyl, flufenacet, fluazifop-butyl, flufenacet-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, flufenacet-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, flufenacet-butyl, lactofensulfuron, oxadiazol, oxadiazol, oxyfluorfen, cypermethrin, flufenacet-butyl, cyfluthrin, fluazifop-butyl, flufenacet-butyl, trifluoperazin, an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, or a combination thereof.

16. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is an HPPD inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of benzobicyclon, pyraclostrobin, flupyraclostrobin, fenquinolone, isoxaclostrobin, isoxaclostrobin, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyraclostrobin, pyrasulfopyralid, pyrazodipine, pyrazodione, sulfotrione, furazolidone, tembotrione, tobiraterone, benzopyraclostrobin, or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, and combinations thereof.

17. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a synthetic auxin herbicide or auxin transport inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,3,6-TBA, cyprodinil, aminopyralid, benazolin-ethyl, clomazone, clopyralid, 2,4-dichlorprop, 2,4-dichlorprop-P, dicamba, flupyralid, flupyralid, flupyralid, flupyralid-MHE, flupyralid, flupyralid, indolepyralid, indolepyralid-cyanomethyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-P, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, picloram, quinclorac, quinclorac, triclopyr, agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof, and combinations thereof.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein The auxin herbicide is 2,4-D or its agriculturally acceptable salts and esters.

19. The composition of claim 18, wherein The 2,4-D is 2,4-D choline.

20. The composition of claim 18, wherein The 2,4-D is 2,4-D triethanolamine.

21. The composition of claim 18, wherein The 2,4-D is selected from the group consisting of:

22. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is glyphosate or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

23. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a glutamine synthase inhibitor herbicide.

24. The composition of claim 23, wherein The glutamine synthase inhibitor herbicide is glufosinate or its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester.

25. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is an ALS inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of amidosulfuron, tetrazosulfuron, bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron-methyl, chlorambucil, cyprosulfuron-methyl, diclosulam, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron-methyl, flazasulfuron-methyl, bispyribac, flucarbazone, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-methyl, foramsulfuron-methyl, haloperidol, imazamox, imazamox, methylimazamox, imazamox, imazamox, imazamox, imazamox , iodosulfuron-methyl, iodofensulfuron-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, chlorpyrifossulfuron-methyl, sulfensulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, epoxysulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, primisulfuron-methyl, propansulfuron-methyl, propazinesulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, pyrimidinesulfuron-methyl, sulfensulfuron-methyl, thiamethoxam, thifensulfuron-methyl, ether bensulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-methyl, and its agriculturally acceptable salts and esters.

26. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a PS selected from the group consisting of II inhibitor herbicides: ametryn, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromocriptine, chlorfenapyr, bromoxynil, chlorbromid, chlorpyrifos, chlormyuron, cyanazine, betamethrin, dichlorvos, oxazolidinone, isopentanyl, diuron, sulfathiapyron, ethimethazine, fenugreek, fluuron, hexazinone, iodoxonitrile, ioxynil, isothiocarb, butimethion, isoproturon, isoxuron, teramipine, lenacil, linuron, metamitron, methiazolin, bromothiocarb, methoxuron, metribuzin, chlorothiazide, chlorpyrifos, meclofenuron, meclofenapyr, betamethrin, promethazine, promethazine, propanil, propazine, dapoxetine, dapoxetine, dapoxetine, simazine, simethazine, butimethion, terbacil, methoxythiocarb, terbuthion, terbuthion, and combinations thereof.

27. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is an ACCase inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, clethodim, clodinafop-butyl, cyclobutene, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, chloroform, oxadiazol-butyl, thiazolinone, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, pyraclostrobin, methicillin, pinoxaden, cypermethrin, quinazolin, quizalofop-butyl, sethoxydim, pyraclostrobin, trimethylol, and agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof.

28. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a VLCFA synthesis inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of acetochlor, alachlor, safflower, butachlor, mesochlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, tetrazolam, flufenacet, triazolam, mefenacet, metabachlor, isopropylamine, naproxenamide, naproxenamide, pethoxydim, piperachlor, pretilachlor, chlorfenapyr, isopropylamine, roxasulfone, dimethenamid, and agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof.

29. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a FA / LSI inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of furazolidone, disulfiram, sulfamethoxam, cypermethrin, dalapon, EPTC, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, tetrafluoropropionic acid, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, prosulfuron, cypermethrin, butacarb, wild wheat, cypermethrin, and agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof.

30. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a PDS inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of fluazifop, diflufenac, flupyralid, fluazifop, fluchlorfop, flusodiop, norfadox, flupyralid, and agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof.

31. The composition of claim 14, wherein The second herbicide (b) is a photosystem I inhibitor selected from the group consisting of paraquat and diquat.

32. The composition of any one of claims 14-31, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 30:1 to 1:

30.

33. The composition of any one of claims 14-31, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 20:1 to 1:

20.

34. The composition of any one of claims 14-31, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 7:1 to 1:

7.

35. The composition of any one of claims 14-31, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 5:1 to 1:

1.

36. The composition of any one of claims 14-31, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 10:1 to 1:

10.

37. The composition of any one of claims 14-36, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an adjuvant, a safener, a carrier, and combinations thereof.

38. The composition of claim 37, wherein The at least one additive is a safener.

39. The composition of claim 38, wherein The safener is an azole safener.

40. The composition of claim 38, wherein The safener is cloquintocet or its agricultural ester or salt.

41. The composition of claim 40, wherein The safener is cloquintocet-mexyl.

42. The composition of claim 38, wherein The safener is oxazolidinone, thiabendazole, brasinolide, oxaclorac, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, dichloropropane, dicyclopentane, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin-ethyl, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluazifop, oxazolidinone, ultrasensitive protein, isoxadiazole-ethyl, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin-diethyl, toluphenoxylate, naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride, 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane, oxaclorac, and N-phenyl-sulfonylbenzoic acid amide, or its agriculturally acceptable salt.

43. The composition of any one of claims 12 to 42, wherein The composition is in the form of an aqueous solution, an aqueous suspension, an aqueous dispersion, an aqueous emulsion, an aqueous microemulsion, an aqueous suspoemulsion, an oil solution, an oil suspension, an oil dispersion, an oil emulsion, an oil microemulsion, an oil suspoemulsion, a self-emulsifying formulation, a gel, a paste, a powder, a dust, a granular formulation, a broadcasting material, or a combination thereof.

44. A method of controlling unwanted vegetation comprising applying to the unwanted vegetation a molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or a composition according to any one of claims 12 to 43.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein: The molecules or compositions are applied to the unwanted vegetation or to areas adjacent to the unwanted vegetation or to the soil or water surrounding the unwanted vegetation by spraying, atomizing, dusting, irrigating, broadcasting or directly applying the molecules or compositions.

46. ​​The method of claim 44 or claim 45, wherein The molecules or compositions are applied to crop plants that are resistant to herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, pathogens, insects, or a combination thereof.

47. The method of any one of claims 44 to 46, wherein The molecules or compositions are applied to control undesirable vegetation including grasses, broadleaf weeds, sedge weeds, and combinations thereof.

48. The method of claims 44-47, wherein: The molecule, the molecule in the composition, or the composition is applied in the range of 50 g ai / ha to 1,500 g ai / ha.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein The molecule, molecule in the composition, or composition is applied in the range of 80 g ai / ha to 1,200 g ai / ha.

50. A composition comprising: a first herbicide (a) selected from the group consisting of PYR-1, PYR-2, PYR-3, PYR-4, PYR-5, PYR-6, PYR-7, PYR-8, PYR-9, PYR-10, PYR-11, PYR-12, PYR-13, PYR-14, PYR-15, PYR-16, PYR-17, PYR-18, PYR-19, PYR-20, and PYR-21: and all its stereoisomers; and The second herbicide (b), wherein (b) is selected from the group consisting of acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, photosystem II (PS-II) inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, synthetic auxins, auxin transport inhibitors, photosystem I inhibitors, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, glutamine synthase inhibitors, microtubule assembly inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) inhibitors, fatty acid and lipid synthesis (FA / LSI) inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, phytoene dehydrogenase (PDS) inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, herbicides with multiple modes of action, and unclassified herbicides, wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) is 30:1 to 1:

30.

51. The composition of claim 50, wherein (b) is an ACCase inhibitor.

52. The composition of claim 51, wherein The ACCase inhibitor is cyclohexanedione.

53. The composition of claim 52, wherein The cyclohexanedione is clethodim.

54. The composition of claim 51, wherein The ACCase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of clodinafop-butyl, cyhalofop-butyl, chlorothiazolin, oxadiazon-butyl, famoxadop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-butyl, methoprene, cypermethrin, quizalofop-butyl, pinoxaden, and agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, or combinations thereof.

55. The composition of any one of claims 51-54, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 15:1 to 1:

15.

56. The composition of any one of claims 51 to 54, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 5:1 to 1:

15.

57. The composition of claim 50, wherein (b) is an ALS inhibitor.

58. The composition of claim 57, wherein The ALS inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of bispyribac, clorac-sulam, bispyribac, fluazifop, sulfamethoxam, penoxsulam, or pyrasulfoacil, and agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof.

59. The composition of claim 57, wherein The ALS inhibitor is a sulfonylurea.

60. The composition of claim 57, wherein The ALS inhibitor is a triazolopyrimidine.

61. The composition of claim 60, wherein The triazolopyrimidine is a Type 1 triazolopyrimidine.

62. The composition of any one of claims 50 and 57-61, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 30:1 to 1:

20.

63. The composition of any one of claims 50 and 57-61, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 25:1 to 1:

1.

64. The composition of any one of claims 50 and 57-61, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 20:1 to 5:

1.

65. The composition of claim 50, wherein (b) is an auxin herbicide.

66. The composition of claim 65, wherein The auxin is a phenoxycarboxylic acid.

67. The composition of claim 66, wherein The phenoxycarboxylic acid is 2,4-D or its agriculturally acceptable salts and esters.

68. The composition of claim 67, wherein The 2,4-D is 2,4-D choline.

69. The composition of claim 67, wherein The 2,4-D is 2,4-D triethanolamine.

70. The composition of claim 67, wherein The 2,4-D is selected from the group consisting of:

71. The composition of claim 65, wherein The auxin is benzoic acid.

72. The composition of claim 71, wherein The benzoic acid is dicamba and its agriculturally acceptable salts and esters.

73. The composition of claim 65, wherein The auxin is a pyridine carboxylate.

74. The composition of claim 65, wherein The auxin is selected from the group consisting of aminopyralid, halopyralid, clopyralid, picloram, halopyralid, indolepyralid, and agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof.

75. The composition of claim 65, wherein The auxin is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,3,6-TBA, cyprodinil, aminopyralid, fenpropimorph, clomazone, clopyralid, 2,4-dichlorprop, 2,4-dichlorprop-P, dicamba, clofopyralid, clofopyralid-butyl, fluclofenac, fluclofenac, fluclofenac-butyl, clofopyralid, clofopyralid-MHE, fluclofenac, fluclofenac-butyl, indolepyralid, indolepyralid cyanomethyl, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-P, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, picloram, quinclorac, quinclorac, triclopyr, and agriculturally acceptable salts and esters thereof.

76. The composition of any one of claims 50 and 65-75, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 7:100 to 1:

5.

77. The composition of any one of claims 50 and 65-75, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 7:100 to 1:

1.

78. The composition of any one of claims 50 and 65-75, wherein The ratio of (a) to (b) is 7:100 to 5:

1.

79. The composition of any one of claims 50-78, further comprising a safener.

80. The composition of claim 79, wherein The safener is cloquintocet or its agricultural ester or salt.

81. The composition of claim 80, wherein The safener is cloquintocet-mexyl.

82. The composition of claim 79, wherein The safener is oxazolidinone, thiabendazole, brasinolide, oxaclorac, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, dichloropropane, dicyclopentane, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin-ethyl, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluazifop, oxazolidinone, ultrasensitive protein, isoxadiazole-ethyl, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin-diethyl, toluphenoxylate, naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride, 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane, oxaclorac, and N-phenyl-sulfonylbenzoic acid amide, or its agriculturally acceptable salt.

83. The composition of claim 79, wherein The safener is an azole safener.

84. A method of controlling unwanted vegetation comprising applying to the unwanted vegetation a composition as claimed in any one of claims 50 to 83.

85. The method of claim 84, wherein The composition is applied to the unwanted vegetation or to areas adjacent to the unwanted vegetation or to the soil or water surrounding the unwanted vegetation by spraying, atomizing, dusting, dredging, broadcasting or direct application of the molecules or composition.

86. The method of claim 84 or claim 85, wherein The compositions are applied to crop plants that are resistant to herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, pathogens, insects, or a combination thereof.

87. The method of any one of claims 84 to 86, wherein The compositions are applied to control undesirable vegetation including grasses, broadleaf weeds, sedge weeds, and combinations thereof.

88. The method of claims 86-87, wherein The composition was applied in the range of 50 g ai / ha to 1,500 g ai / ha.

89. The method of claim 88, wherein The composition was applied in the range of 80 g ai / ha to 1,200 g ai / ha.

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