High-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, which comprises the following steps: carrying out surface modification on a carrier based on a selected hydrophilic surface modifier or hydrophobic surface modifier so as to regulate and control the adsorption capacity of the carrier on carbon monoxide and oxygen; based on the raw material ratio and the additive amount, the active metal component and the additive are loaded on the modified carrier, the additive amount regulates and controls the electron transfer path, and the raw material ratio regulates and controls the structural stability. Carrying out calcination treatment on the loaded precursor based on the calcination time so as to regulate and control the particle size of the catalyst crystal; and carrying out heat treatment on the calcined catalyst based on the target reaction temperature so as to regulate and control the distribution of active sites. The problem that the catalytic efficiency of a traditional catalyst is reduced due to passivation of active sites in a low-temperature environment can be remarkably solved, and the catalyst is suitable for low-temperature scenes such as mine ventilation and indoor air purification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, and in particular to a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The development of a highly efficient catalyst for the low-temperature reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide has attracted considerable attention. The preparation of this catalyst requires precise control of the component synthesis and thermal treatment processes. However, the research and development process still faces many key challenges that need to be overcome:

[0003] First, the regulation of reaction temperature and active site distribution is closely related: under low temperature environment, catalytic efficiency tends to decline, so it is necessary to find an effective way to flexibly regulate the distribution of active sites according to the reaction temperature, so as to alleviate the adverse effects of low temperature on catalytic efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, the raw material ratio directly affects the structural stability of the catalyst: during high-temperature storage and transportation, the active ingredients are prone to agglomeration, which requires optimizing the raw material ratio to enhance the structural stability and ensure that the catalyst can maintain good performance during storage and transportation.

[0005] Third, the type of surface modifier is closely related to the adsorption capacity of the carrier: in order to improve the selectivity of the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen, it is necessary to precisely adjust the adsorption capacity of the carrier according to the type of surface modifier, so that the reaction can proceed more efficiently in the direction of producing carbon dioxide.

[0006] Fourthly, calcination time plays a key role in controlling the crystal particle size: too large a crystal particle size may increase the mass transfer resistance, thereby limiting the reaction rate. Therefore, the calcination time should be reasonably used to control the crystal particle size and reduce the adverse effects of mass transfer resistance on the reaction rate.

[0007] Fifth, the amount of additives added will have a regulatory effect on the electron transfer path: During the oxidation process, insufficient charge transfer efficiency is a prominent problem. It is necessary to accurately control the amount of additives added to optimize the electron transfer path, improve the charge transfer efficiency, and ensure the smooth progress of the oxidation reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency, low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst and a preparation method thereof.

[0009] The present invention discloses a method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, comprising:

[0010] Step 1: Modifying the surface of the support using a selected hydrophilic surface modifier or a hydrophobic surface modifier to adjust the adsorption capacity of the support for carbon monoxide and oxygen;

[0011] Step 2: Based on the raw material ratio and the additive amount of the auxiliary agent, load the active metal component and the auxiliary agent on the modified carrier, wherein the additive amount of the auxiliary agent regulates the electron transfer path, and the raw material ratio regulates the structural stability;

[0012] Step 3: Calcinate the loaded precursor based on the calcination time to regulate the crystal particle size of the catalyst;

[0013] Step 4: Heat-treat the calcined catalyst based on the target reaction temperature to regulate the distribution of active sites.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, Step 1 specifically includes:

[0015] Measure the adsorption amount Q_CO of carbon monoxide and the adsorption amount Q_O2 of oxygen on the carrier;

[0016] Calculate the adsorption ratio R, R = Q_CO / Q_O2;

[0017] Select the type of surface modifier based on the following conditions: If R < R_th, select a hydrophilic surface modifier; otherwise, select a hydrophobic surface modifier; where R_th is the adsorption ratio threshold, perform surface modification, and R is used to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of carbon monoxide and oxygen, and the adsorption capacity is regulated by the type of modifier;

[0018] Or,

[0019] Obtain the reaction gas concentration ratio C_ratio, C_ratio = [CO] / [O2];

[0020] Calculate the hydrophilic-hydrophobic index H of the modifier, H = a * C_ratio + b, where a and b are constants;

[0021] If H < H_th1, select modifier type 1; if H > H_th2, select modifier type 1; otherwise select modifier type 3; where H_th1 and H_th2 are the hydrophilic-hydrophobic index thresholds of the modifier, and H_th1 < H_th2.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, in Step 2, the additive amount of the auxiliary agent regulates the electron transfer path, including:

[0023] Measure the charge transfer efficiency η;

[0024] Calculate the additive amount W_add of the auxiliary agent, W_add = W0 * (η_ref / η), where W0 is the reference additive amount and η_ref is the reference efficiency;

[0025] If η ≥ η_max, then W_add = W0; otherwise, W_add is calculated according to the formula W_add = W0 * (η_ref / η);

[0026] The loading promoter addition amount is W_add, and W_add is inversely proportional to η. When the charge transfer efficiency is insufficient, the promoter is added to optimize the electron path;

[0027] Or,

[0028] Estimate the conductivity σ of the catalyst;

[0029] Calculate the promoter addition amount W_add, W_add = W_min + m*(σ_max - σ), where W_min is the minimum addition amount, m is the slope, and σ_max is the maximum conductivity;

[0030] If σ ≥ σ_max, then W_add = W_min; otherwise, W_add is calculated according to the formula W_add = W_min + m*(σ_max - σ);

[0031] The loading promoter addition amount is W_add, and W_add increases to compensate for low conductivity and improve the charge transfer efficiency.

[0032] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the second step, the raw material ratio regulates the structural stability, including:

[0033] Determine the target structural stability index S_target;

[0034] Calculate the raw material ratio R_m, R_m = R_m0*(S_target / S_initial), where R_m0 is the initial ratio and S_initial is the initial stability index;

[0035] If R_m < R_min or R_m > R_max, then R_m = clamp(R_m, R_min, R_max); otherwise, R_m remains unchanged;

[0036] Or,

[0037] Predict the storage and transportation temperature T_storage;

[0038] Calculate the raw material ratio R_m, R_m = R_safe*exp(c*(T_storage - T_safe)), where R_safe is the safe ratio, c is the risk coefficient, and T_safe is the safe temperature;

[0039] If R_m < R_min, then R_m = R_min; otherwise, R_m remains unchanged;

[0040] Use R_m for loading, and R_m decreases exponentially as the storage and transportation temperature increases.

[0041] As a further improvement of the present invention, step three specifically includes:

[0042] Determine the target crystal particle size D_target;

[0043] Calculate the calcination time T_calc, T_calc = c * D_target^2, where c is the calcination rate constant;

[0044] If T_calc < T_min_calc, then T_calc = T_min_calc; otherwise, T_calc remains unchanged;

[0045] Use T_calc for calcination treatment. T_calc is proportional to the square of D_target and conforms to crystal growth kinetics.

[0046] As a further improvement of the present invention, step three specifically includes:

[0047] Determine the target specific surface area A_target;

[0048] Calculate the calcination time T_calc, T_calc = k / A_target, where k is the specific surface area constant;

[0049] If T_calc > T_max_calc, then T_calc = T_max_calc; otherwise, T_calc remains unchanged;

[0050] Use T_calc for calcination.

[0051] As a further improvement of the present invention, step four specifically includes:

[0052] Obtain the target reaction temperature T_target;

[0053] Calculate the low-temperature efficiency factor E_cold, E_cold = 1 - (T_min / T_target), where T_min is the lowest temperature at which the catalyst works effectively;

[0054] Set the heat treatment temperature T_heat, T_heat = T_base + k * E_cold, where T_base is the base heat treatment temperature and k is the adjustment coefficient;

[0055] If T_heat > T_max, then T_heat = T_max; otherwise, T_heat remains unchanged.

[0056] As a further improvement of the present invention, step four specifically includes:

[0057] Obtain the target reaction temperature T_target;

[0058] Calculate the temperature deviation ΔT, ΔT = |T_target - T_opt|, where T_opt is the optimal reaction temperature;

[0059] Set the heat treatment time t_heat = t0 * exp(b * ΔT), where t0 is the base time and b is the attenuation coefficient;

[0060] If t_heat < t_min, then t_heat = t_min; otherwise, t_heat remains unchanged;

[0061] t_heat decreases exponentially with ΔT, precisely regulating the heat treatment time to optimize the distribution of active sites.

[0062] The present invention also discloses a highly efficient low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, which is characterized in that it is prepared by using the preparation method of the above-mentioned highly efficient low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0064] 1. The present invention heat-treats the calcined catalyst through the target reaction temperature, can directionally regulate the spatial distribution and density of active sites, and enables the active sites to still maintain high exposure and reaction activity under low-temperature conditions, significantly improving the problem of the decline in catalytic efficiency caused by the "passivation" of active sites in traditional catalysts under low-temperature environments (such as room temperature or lower temperatures), and is applicable to low-temperature scenarios such as mine ventilation and indoor air purification.

[0065] 2. The present invention regulates the crystal structure and interfacial interaction of the catalyst based on the raw material ratio, and forms a more stable "strong metal-support interaction (SMSI)" structure by precisely controlling the ratio of the active metal component to the carrier, effectively inhibiting the agglomeration and sintering of active components (such as noble metal particles) during high-temperature storage and transportation, prolonging the service life of the catalyst, and reducing the maintenance cost in industrial applications.

[0066] 3. The present invention can precisely regulate the adsorption strength and adsorption mode of the carrier for CO and O2 by using the types of surface modifiers (such as acids, bases, organic molecules, etc.). For example, acidic modifiers enhance CO adsorption, and basic modifiers promote O2 activation, thereby optimizing the adsorption equilibrium of reactants on the catalyst surface, reducing the occurrence of side reactions, significantly improving the selectivity of the CO oxidation reaction (close to 100%), and avoiding the problem of impure products caused by chaotic adsorption in traditional catalysts.

[0067] 4. By controlling the calcination time, the present invention precisely adjusts the catalyst's crystal particle size (e.g., from nanometers to micrometers), forming a porous hierarchical structure. Shorter calcination times produce smaller crystals, increasing the specific surface area and shortening the reactant diffusion path; longer calcination times form a larger-pore framework, reducing resistance to macromolecular mass transfer. This regulation enables the catalyst to maintain high mass transfer efficiency in various reaction systems (e.g., gas and liquid phases), breaking through the reaction rate bottleneck caused by the single pore size of traditional catalysts.

[0068] 5. The present invention regulates the electron transfer behavior between the active metal and the additive by adding additives (such as transition metal oxides and rare earth elements), forming an efficient electron transfer channel. For example, adding a small amount of CeO2 can enhance the electron exchange capacity between active metals (such as Pt and Pd) and O2, accelerating the activation and transfer of oxygen species. This solves the problem of hysteresis in oxidation reaction kinetics caused by slow charge transfer in traditional catalysts, allowing the CO oxidation reaction to proceed rapidly even at low temperatures.

[0069] 6. The control strategies of the present invention (surface modification, raw material ratio, additive addition, calcination time, and heat treatment temperature) do not act independently, but form an integrated optimized catalyst system of "structure-electronics-adsorption-mass transfer" through synergistic effects. This multi-dimensional collaborative design enables the catalyst to have the comprehensive advantages of high activity at low temperature, high temperature stability, high selectivity, and low mass transfer resistance, significantly expanding its application scenarios in environmental governance, energy and chemical industry, aerospace, and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] Figure 1 The present invention discloses a flow chart of a method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0072] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, comprising:

[0074] Step 1: Modify the surface of the carrier based on the selected hydrophilic surface modifier or hydrophobic surface modifier to regulate the adsorption capacity of the carrier for carbon monoxide and oxygen;

[0075] Specifically include:

[0076] Measure the adsorption amount Q_CO of carbon monoxide and the adsorption amount Q_O2 of oxygen on the carrier;

[0077] Calculate the adsorption ratio R, R = Q_CO / Q_O2;

[0078] Select the type of surface modifier based on the following conditions: If R < R_th, select a hydrophilic surface modifier; otherwise, select a hydrophobic surface modifier; where R_th is the adsorption ratio threshold, perform surface modification, and R is used to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of carbon monoxide and oxygen, and the adsorption capacity is regulated by the type of modifier;

[0079] Or,

[0080] Obtain the reaction gas concentration ratio C_ratio, C_ratio = [CO] / [O2];

[0081] Calculate the hydrophilic-hydrophobic index H of the modifier, H = a*C_ratio + b, where a and b are constants;

[0082] If H < H_th1, select modifier type 1; if H > H_th2, select modifier type one; otherwise select modifier type three; where modifier type one is a hydrophilic modifier or a hydrophobic modifier, modifier type three is the corresponding hydrophobic modifier or hydrophilic modifier, and H_th1 and H_th2 are the hydrophilic-hydrophobic index thresholds of the modifier, and H_th1 < H_th2.

[0083] Step 2: Load the active metal component and the additive on the modified carrier based on the raw material ratio and the additive amount, where the additive amount regulates the electron transfer path and the raw material ratio regulates the structural stability; where,

[0084] The regulation of the electron transfer path by the additive amount includes:

[0085] Measure the charge transfer efficiency η;

[0086] Calculate the additive amount W_add, W_add = W0*(η_ref / η), where W0 is the reference additive amount and η_ref is the reference efficiency;

[0087] If η ≥ η_max, then W_add = W0; otherwise, W_add is calculated according to the formula W_add = W0*(η_ref / η);

[0088] The loading promoter addition amount is W_add, and W_add is inversely proportional to η. When the charge transfer efficiency is insufficient, the promoter is added to optimize the electron path;

[0089] Or,

[0090] Estimate the conductivity σ of the catalyst;

[0091] Calculate the promoter addition amount W_add, W_add = W_min + m * (σ_max - σ), where W_min is the minimum addition amount, m is the slope, and σ_max is the maximum conductivity;

[0092] If σ ≥ σ_max, then W_add = W_min; otherwise, W_add is calculated according to the formula W_add = W_min + m * (σ_max - σ);

[0093] The loading promoter addition amount is W_add, and W_add is increased to compensate for the low conductivity and improve the charge transfer efficiency.

[0094] The raw material ratio regulates the structural stability, including:

[0095] Determine the target structural stability index S_target;

[0096] Calculate the raw material ratio R_m, R_m = R_m0 * (S_target / S_initial), where R_m0 is the initial ratio and S_initial is the initial stability index;

[0097] If R_m < R_min or R_m > R_max, then R_m = clamp(R_m, R_min, R_max); otherwise, R_m remains unchanged;

[0098] Or,

[0099] Predict the storage and transportation temperature T_storage;

[0100] Calculate the raw material ratio R_m, R_m = R_safe * exp(c * (T_storage - T_safe)), where R_safe is the safe ratio, c is the risk coefficient, and T_safe is the safe temperature;

[0101] If R_m < R_min, then R_m = R_min; otherwise, R_m remains unchanged;

[0102] Use R_m for loading, and R_m decreases exponentially with the increase of the storage and transportation temperature.

[0103] Step 3: Calcinate the loaded precursor based on the calcination time to regulate the crystal particle size of the catalyst;

[0104] Specifically include:

[0105] Determine the target crystal particle size D_target;

[0106] Calculate the calcination time T_calc, T_calc = c * D_target^2, where c is the calcination rate constant;

[0107] If T_calc < T_min_calc, then T_calc = T_min_calc; otherwise, T_calc remains unchanged;

[0108] Use T_calc for calcination treatment. T_calc is proportional to the square of D_target and conforms to crystal growth kinetics.

[0109] Or,

[0110] Determine the target specific surface area A_target;

[0111] Calculate the calcination time T_calc, T_calc = k / A_target, where k is the specific surface area constant;

[0112] If T_calc > T_max_calc, then T_calc = T_max_calc; otherwise, T_calc remains unchanged;

[0113] Use T_calc for calcination.

[0114] Step 4: Perform heat treatment on the calcined catalyst based on the target reaction temperature to regulate the distribution of active sites;

[0115] Specifically include:

[0116] Obtain the target reaction temperature T_target;

[0117] Calculate the low-temperature effectiveness factor E_cold, E_cold = 1 - (T_min / T_target), where T_min is the lowest temperature at which the catalyst works effectively;

[0118] Set the heat treatment temperature T_heat, T_heat = T_base + k * E_cold, where T_base is the base heat treatment temperature and k is the adjustment coefficient;

[0119] If T_heat > T_max, then T_heat = T_max; otherwise, T_heat remains unchanged.

[0120] Or,

[0121] Obtain the target reaction temperature T_target;

[0122] Calculate the temperature deviation ΔT, ΔT = |T_target - T_opt|, where T_opt is the optimal reaction temperature;

[0123] Set the heat treatment time t_heat = t0 * exp(b * ΔT), where t0 is the base time and b is the decay coefficient;

[0124] If t_heat < t_min, then t_heat = t_min; otherwise, t_heat remains unchanged;

[0125] t_heat decreases exponentially with ΔT, precisely controlling the heat treatment time to optimize the distribution of active sites.

[0126] The present invention provides a highly efficient low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, which is characterized by being prepared by using the preparation method of the above-mentioned highly efficient low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst.

[0127] Example:

[0128] The present invention provides a highly efficient low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst and its preparation method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0129] S1. Surface modification of the support: Based on the type of surface modifier, the support is surface-modified to regulate the adsorption capacity of the support for carbon monoxide and oxygen. In actual operation, the impregnation method or chemical vapor deposition method is used to coat the selected surface modifier such as silane coupling agent and nitrogen-containing polymer on the surface of the support, changing the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity and functional group distribution of the support. In this way, the preferential adsorption of carbon monoxide by the support is enhanced, and side reactions are also inhibited, successfully solving the problem of poor selectivity in the reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen under low-temperature conditions. For example, in a certain embodiment, the alumina support is modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The support is immersed in a 0.5M modifier solution and stirred for 2 hours and then dried. The introduced amino groups enhance the selective adsorption capacity of CO by about 30%. In the low-temperature test at 200 °C, the selectivity is increased from 85% to 98%, effectively reducing the generation of CO2 by-products.

[0130] S2. Active metal and additive loading: Based on the raw material ratio and additive dosage, the active metal components and additives are loaded onto the modified support. The additive dosage can regulate the electron transfer path, while the raw material ratio can regulate the structural stability. Using the equal volume impregnation method, the active metal precursor (such as chloroplatinic acid, palladium nitrate) and the additive precursor (such as cerium nitrate, iron oxide) are mixed in proportion to form a solution, which is then impregnated onto the modified support and dried. By controlling the metal to support mass ratio (1:10 to 1:50), the particle dispersion is optimized to prevent the active metal from agglomerating during high-temperature storage and transportation. The additive dosage is controlled at 0. 5-5wt%, transition metal oxides are introduced to form electron bridges to accelerate charge transfer. In this way, the problems of active ingredient agglomeration during high-temperature storage and transportation and insufficient charge transfer efficiency during oxidation are solved, ensuring that the catalyst maintains high activity during long-term use. For example, Pt is used as the active metal and CeO2 is used as the auxiliary agent, the raw material ratio is set to Pt: carrier = 1:20 (mass ratio), and the auxiliary agent addition amount is 2wt%. In the simulated storage and transportation test at 500°C, the agglomeration rate of the loaded catalyst is reduced by 40%, the electron transfer efficiency is increased by 50%, and the reaction rate in the oxidation test at 200°C is increased by 2 times.

[0131] S3. Calcination treatment: The loaded precursor is calcined based on the calcination time to regulate the catalyst crystal particle size. The calcination is carried out at 300-600°C in an air atmosphere for 1-6 hours. By controlling the crystal growth kinetics, the size of the metal nanoparticles is maintained in the range of 2-10nm. A shorter calcination time (such as 2 hours) can inhibit grain growth and reduce mass transfer resistance; a longer time (such as 4 hours) can moderately increase the particle size to balance stability, solve the problem of excessive mass transfer resistance limiting the reaction rate, optimize the pore structure and promote the diffusion of reactants. For example, in one embodiment, the precursor is calcined at 450°C for 2 hours and 4 hours respectively. After 2 hours of treatment, the average crystal particle size is 3nm, the mass transfer resistance is reduced by 30%, and the rate in the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction at 180°C is increased by 25%; after 4 hours of treatment, the particle size increases to 5nm, but the stability is better.

[0132] S4. Heat treatment: The calcined catalyst is heat treated based on the target reaction temperature to regulate the distribution of active sites. In an inert gas (such as nitrogen), heat treatment is carried out at the target reaction temperature (150 to 250°C) for 1-3 hours. The temperature gradient is used to induce the redistribution of metal sites to form high-density active centers. Lower temperature treatment (such as 200-300°C) preferentially exposes edge sites to enhance low-temperature activity, solving the problem of reduced catalytic efficiency under low-temperature conditions and ensuring that the active sites are evenly dispersed to meet the challenges of low-temperature kinetics. For example, the calcined catalyst is heat treated at 250°C for 2 hours, and the active site density increases by 40%. In the 200°C test, the conversion rate increases from 70% to 95%, significantly optimizing the low-temperature performance.

[0133] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, characterized in that: Comprising: Step 1: Surface modification of the carrier based on the selected hydrophilic surface modifier or hydrophobic surface modifier to regulate the adsorption capacity of the carrier for carbon monoxide and oxygen; Step 2: Loading the active metal component and the promoter on the modified carrier based on the raw material ratio and the promoter addition amount, wherein the promoter addition amount regulates the electron transfer path and the raw material ratio regulates the structural stability; Step 3: Calcining the loaded precursor based on the calcination time to regulate the catalyst crystal particle size; Step 4: Heat-treating the calcined catalyst based on the target reaction temperature to regulate the active site distribution.

2. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific content of Step 1 includes: Measuring the adsorption amount Q_CO of the carrier for carbon monoxide and the adsorption amount Q_O2 for oxygen; Calculating the adsorption ratio R, R = Q_CO / Q_O2; Selecting the type of surface modifier based on the following conditions: If R < R_th, select a hydrophilic surface modifier; otherwise, select a hydrophobic surface modifier; where R_th is the adsorption ratio threshold and R is used to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of carbon monoxide and oxygen; Or, Obtaining the reaction gas concentration ratio C_ratio, C_ratio = [CO] / [O2]; Calculating the hydrophilic-hydrophobic index H of the modifier, H = a * C_ratio + b, where a and b are constants; If H < H_th1, select modifier type 1; if H > H_th2, select modifier type 1; otherwise, select modifier type 3; where H_th1 and H_th2 are the hydrophilic-hydrophobic index thresholds of the modifier, and H_th1 < H_th2.

3. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 2, the promoter addition amount regulates the electron transfer path, including: Measuring the charge transfer efficiency η; Calculating the promoter addition amount W_add, W_add = W0 * (η_ref / η), where W0 is the reference addition amount and η_ref is the reference efficiency; If η ≥ η_max, then W_add = W0; otherwise, W_add is calculated according to the formula W_add = W0 * (η_ref / η); The loaded promoter addition amount is W_add, and W_add is inversely proportional to η. When the charge transfer efficiency is insufficient, the promoter is increased to optimize the electron path; Or, Estimating the conductivity σ of the catalyst; Calculating the promoter addition amount W_add, W_add = W_min + m * (σ_max - σ), where W_min is the minimum addition amount, m is the slope, and σ_max is the maximum conductivity; If σ ≥ σ_max, then W_add = W_min; otherwise, W_add is calculated according to the formula W_add = W_min + m * (σ_max - σ); The loaded promoter addition amount is W_add, and W_add is increased to compensate for the low conductivity and improve the charge transfer efficiency.

4. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 2, the raw material ratio regulates the structural stability, including: Determining the target structural stability index S_target; Calculating the raw material ratio R_m, R_m = R_m0 * (S_target / S_initial), where R_m0 is the initial ratio and S_initial is the initial stability index; If \(R_m < R_{min}\) or \(R_m > R_{max}\), then \(R_m=\text{clamp}(R_m, R_{min}, R_{max})\); otherwise \(R_m\) remains unchanged; Or, Predict the storage and transportation temperature \(T_{storage}\); Calculate the raw material ratio \(R_m\), \(R_m = R_{safe}\times\exp(c\times(T_{storage}-T_{safe}))\), where \(R_{safe}\) is the safe ratio, \(c\) is the risk coefficient, and \(T_{safe}\) is the safe temperature; If \(R_m < R_{min}\), then \(R_m = R_{min}\); otherwise, \(R_m\) remains unchanged; Use \(R_m\) for loading, and \(R_m\) decreases exponentially with the increase of the storage and transportation temperature.

5. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step three include: Determine the target crystal particle size \(D_{target}\); Calculate the calcination time \(T_{calc}\), \(T_{calc}=c\times D_{target}^2\), where \(c\) is the calcination rate constant; If \(T_{calc}<T_{min\_calc}\), then \(T_{calc}=T_{min\_calc}\); otherwise, \(T_{calc}\) remains unchanged; Use \(T_{calc}\) for calcination treatment, and \(T_{calc}\) is proportional to the square of \(D_{target}\), which conforms to crystal growth kinetics.

6. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step three include: Determine the target specific surface area \(A_{target}\); Calculate the calcination time \(T_{calc}\), \(T_{calc}=\frac{k}{A_{target}}\), where \(k\) is the specific surface area constant; If \(T_{calc}>T_{max\_calc}\), then \(T_{calc}=T_{max\_calc}\); otherwise, \(T_{calc}\) remains unchanged; Use \(T_{calc}\) for calcination.

7. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step four include: Obtain the target reaction temperature \(T_{target}\); Calculate the low - temperature efficiency factor \(E_{cold}\), \(E_{cold}=1 - (\frac{T_{min}}{T_{target}})\), where \(T_{min}\) is the lowest temperature at which the catalyst works effectively; Set the heat treatment temperature \(T_{heat}\), \(T_{heat}=T_{base}+k\times E_{cold}\), where \(T_{base}\) is the basic heat treatment temperature and \(k\) is the adjustment coefficient; If \(T_{heat}>T_{max}\), then \(T_{heat}=T_{max}\); otherwise, \(T_{heat}\) remains unchanged.

8. The method for preparing a high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step four include: Obtain the target reaction temperature \(T_{target}\); Calculate the temperature deviation \(\Delta T\), \(\Delta T = |T_{target}-T_{opt}|\), where \(T_{opt}\) is the optimal reaction temperature; Set the heat treatment time \(t_{heat}=t_0\times\exp(b\times\Delta T)\), where \(t_0\) is the basic time and \(b\) is the attenuation coefficient; If \(t_{heat}<t_{min}\), then \(t_{heat}=t_{min}\); otherwise, \(t_{heat}\) remains unchanged; \(t_{heat}\) decreases exponentially with \(\Delta T\), precisely regulating the heat treatment time to optimize the active site distribution.

9. A high-efficiency low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst, characterized in that: It is prepared by using the preparation method of the high - efficiency low - temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst described in any one of claims 1 - 8.

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