Horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine type centrifugal pump

Abstract

The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine type centrifugal pump comprises a water turbine pump body, the water turbine pump body comprises a pump shell with an inner cavity, a spiral flow guide assembly is installed on the side wall, close to a water guide mechanism, of the pump shell, and the spiral flow guide assembly comprises a flow guide half shell, a spiral flow guide piece and a flow guide assembly. The spiral flow guide assembly is arranged on the side wall of the pump shell, disordered water flow which is reflected to the inner wall of the pump shell after impacting an impeller rotor is collected through a flow guide hopper of the flow guide assembly and guided into the spiral cavity, the spiral flow guide assembly is arranged on the side wall of the pump shell, and therefore the flow guide efficiency is improved. Accelerated spiral flow formed by the spiral flow deflectors is used for strengthening kinetic energy of fluid, then the bottom end flow guiding assembly directionally impacts the bottom of the impeller rotor, so that the problem of circumferential torque fluctuation caused by reflected water flow is effectively solved, secondary reflection is reduced through the wall attachment effect of a spiral cavity, and meanwhile kinetic energy of the reflected water flow is converted into driving force of secondary impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of centrifugal pumps, in particular to a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine type centrifugal pump. Background Art

[0002] A water turbine pump is a high-efficiency hydraulic machine that organically combines a water turbine and a water pump. The Chinese patent application with authorization announcement number CN202867248U discloses a three-stage water turbine pump, including a pump body and a pump shaft rotatably arranged in the pump body. The pump body includes a pump chamber and a water turbine chamber. The pump chamber is located above the water turbine chamber. The pump shaft is divided into a first section shaft located in the pump chamber and a second section shaft located in the water turbine chamber. The three impellers are installed coaxially and in the same direction. The top of the pump body is the water inlet. Water flows out of the outlet of the first-stage impeller through the flow-channel guide vane into the inlet of the second-stage impeller, and then enters the third-stage impeller in the same way. Its outlet water flow is collected by the pump casing and then output. This structure makes the water head that finally passes through the first water outlet wide, the overall structure is compact, the operation is convenient, the water flow loss is reduced, the utilization efficiency is improved, and the scope of application is wide.

[0003] In a traditional turbine pump, after water strikes the impeller's guide vanes, some of the fluid is reflected due to differences in impact angle or velocity, sliding randomly down the pump casing's inner wall or reflecting back onto the impeller. This reflected water flow not only fails to contribute to the drive, but also creates a reverse impact on the impeller, causing circumferential torque fluctuations and reducing the impeller's drive efficiency.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump, comprising:

[0007] A water turbine pump body, comprising a pump casing having an inner cavity and a water guide mechanism disposed on the pump casing. The water turbine pump body also comprises a pump shaft arranged transversely within the pump casing, an impeller rotor integrally connected to the pump shaft, the impeller rotor comprising a hub and a plurality of guide vanes circumferentially arranged on the hub, and a draft pipe is provided at the bottom of the pump casing. Vertically downward water flow impacts the guide vanes to drive the pump shaft to rotate, and the water flow impacts the impeller rotor to form a reflected water flow and a downward interception flow.

[0008] A spiral guide assembly is provided on the side wall of the pump casing near the water guide mechanism, comprising a guide half-shell having a cavity, a spiral guide vane arranged in the inner cavity of the guide half-shell, and multiple groups of linearly arranged guide assemblies provided on the inner wall of the pump casing. The guide half-shell is mounted on the rear side wall of the pump casing, and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the pump casing. The spiral guide vane separates the inner cavity of the guide half-shell into a spiral cavity. The pump casing is provided with multiple longitudinally arranged water guide grooves at the guide assembly. The reflected water flow and the downstream intercepted flow are reflected through the water guide grooves into the spiral cavity and form an accelerated spiral flow, which is ejected from the water guide groove at the bottom end to form a jet. The jet directionally impacts the impeller rotor to form a power-assisted flow.

[0009] One end of the pump shaft passing through the pump casing is connected to a multi-stage centrifugal pump body, and the multi-stage centrifugal pump body includes a cylinder with an inner cavity, a main shaft assembled on the cylinder, and a plurality of inner pump casings arranged along the axis of the main shaft. The main shaft is located in each inner pump casing and is equipped with a plurality of rotating wheels. The inner pump casing is equipped with guide vanes, and the guide vanes are arranged around the rotating wheel 230. The surface of the cylinder is provided with a water suction port and a water outlet. The main shaft passes through the cylinder and is connected to the pump shaft. The pump shaft drives the main shaft to rotate to drive the plurality of rotating wheels and guide vanes to squeeze and guide the fluid.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, wherein: the guide assembly located at the bottom is configured as an impact bucket, and the other multiple groups of the guide assemblies are configured as guide buckets, and the guide buckets include inclined guide plates arranged on the inner wall of the pump casing, trapezoidal side covers arranged on both sides of the inclined guide plates, and transition arc pads arranged at the connection between the inclined guide plates and the trapezoidal side covers, and the inclined guide plates in the guide buckets are designed to gradually expand from one end of the water guide trough to the free end to form a fan-shaped water collection area.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, the guide bucket is connected to the spiral cavity through a water guide groove, the water guide groove corresponding to the guide bucket is configured as a water inlet groove, the outlet of the water inlet groove is an inverted trapezoidal closing structure, and the width decreases from top to bottom, the water guide groove corresponding to the impact bucket is configured as a water outlet groove, and the outlet of the water outlet groove is rectangular.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, the impact bucket includes a downward-turned guide surface assembled on the inner wall of the pump casing, triangular covers arranged on both sides of the downward-turned guide surface, and a triangular transition plate arranged at the connection between the downward-turned guide surface and the triangular cover. The downward-turned guide surface of the impact bucket is designed to be gradually reduced from one end of the water guide groove to the free end, and forms a gradually reducing guide channel with the downward-turned guide surface, and the axis of the gradually reducing guide channel is directly opposite to the center of the guide blade at the bottom end.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, an arc-shaped spiral gasket is provided at the bottom end of the guide half shell, which is combined with the spiral guide plate inside the guide half shell to form a gradual guide surface facing the water outlet trough.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, the hub is arranged in a disc structure, the peripheral thickness of which is greater than the center thickness, and annular guide lips are arranged on both sides of the hub in a symmetrical distribution, and a plurality of small guide grooves are opened on the surface of the annular guide lip, and the small guide grooves create channels for water droplets in the center of the hub to move to the edge of the hub, and the annular guide lip is arranged in a sideways trumpet-shaped structure, and a plurality of radial guide grooves are opened on the surface of the hub, and the radial guide grooves are arranged between the guide blades and the annular guide lip, and the groove body depth and groove width of the radial guide groove decrease gradually from the guide blades to the annular guide lip.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, wherein: the opening of one end of the radial guide groove away from the center of the hub is larger than the width of the guide vane, the two sides of the radial guide groove are flared, and a plurality of circumferentially distributed angle guide plates are arranged between the hub and the guide vane, the angle guide plates are adjacent to the radial guide groove, and the guide area jointly formed by the guide vane angle guide plate and the hub is connected to the inner end of the radial guide groove.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump described in the present invention, the hub is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed guide plate groups located at the radial guide grooves, each group of the guide plate groups includes a plurality of obliquely arranged guide arc plates, and the plurality of groups of the guide arc plates form a circumferentially staggered arrangement.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, the pump casing includes a symmetrically arranged casing body having an upper opening and a side opening, an upper sealing plate for sealing the upper opening of the casing body, and a side sealing plate for sealing the side opening of the casing body. The water guide mechanism is vertically assembled on the upper sealing plate so that the fluid enters the pump casing vertically. The casing body, the upper sealing plate and the side sealing plate are connected in an integral manner, and the tailwater pipe is opened at the bottom end of the side sealing plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present application arranges a spiral guide assembly on the side wall of the pump casing, collects the disordered water flow reflected to the inner wall of the pump casing after impacting the impeller rotor, and introduces it into the spiral cavity through the guide bucket of the guide assembly, and uses the accelerated spiral flow formed by the spiral guide plate to enhance the kinetic energy of the fluid, and then directionally impacts the bottom of the impeller rotor through the bottom guide assembly, so as to effectively solve the problem of circumferential torque fluctuation caused by the reflected water flow, reduce secondary reflections through the wall attachment effect of the spiral cavity, and convert the kinetic energy of the reflected water flow into the driving force of the secondary impact, thereby improving the circumferential rotation torque of the impeller rotor, improving the driving efficiency of the water wheel pump body, and reducing the reverse impact interference of the water flow on the impeller rotor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a planar cross-sectional view of the overall structure of a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump;

[0021] Figure 2 It is an axonometric cross-sectional view of the overall structure of a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the impeller rotor in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is an axonometric view of the overall structure of the impeller rotor in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a front view of the overall structure of the water wheel pump body in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a rear view of the overall structure of the water wheel pump body in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the inner cavity of the pump casing in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral guide assembly in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified view of the structure of part B;

[0030] Figure 11 This is an axonometric view of the overall structure of the spiral guide assembly in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 12 It is a structural plan view of the hub in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a structural axonometric drawing of the wheel hub in the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 100, turbine pump body; 110, pump casing; 112, water inlet groove; 113, water outlet groove; 114, casing body; 115, upper sealing plate; 116, side sealing plate; 117, tailwater pipe; 120, water guide mechanism; 130, pump shaft; 140, impeller rotor; 141, hub; 142, guide vane; 143, annular guide lip; 1431, guide groove; 144, radial guide groove; 145, guide arc plate; 146, angle guide plate; 200, multi-stage centrifugal pump body; 2 10. Cylinder; 211. Water inlet; 212. Water outlet; 220. Main shaft; 230. Rotating wheel; 240. Guide vane; 250. Radial bearing; 260. Sealing ring; 270. Inner pump housing; 310. Guide half shell; 320. Spiral guide vane; 330. Guide bucket; 331. Inclined guide plate; 332. Trapezoidal side cover; 333. Transition arc pad; 340. Impact bucket; 341. Downturned guide surface; 342. Triangular cover; 343. Triangular transition plate; 350. Arc spiral pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-13 As shown, this embodiment provides a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump, comprising:

[0038] The water turbine pump body 100 includes a pump casing 110 with an inner cavity and a water guide mechanism 120 arranged on the pump casing 110. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor 140 to form a reflected water flow and a downstream interception. The water turbine pump body 100 also includes a pump shaft 130 arranged horizontally in the pump casing 110 and an impeller rotor 140 integrally connected to the pump shaft 130. The impeller rotor 140 includes a hub 141 and a plurality of guide blades 142 circumferentially arranged on the hub 141. The vertically downward water flow impacts the guide blades 142 to drive the pump shaft 130 to rotate. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor 140 to form a reflected water flow and a downstream interception.

[0039] The pump shaft 130 passes through one end of the pump casing 110 and is connected to a multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200. The multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200 includes a cylinder 210 with an inner cavity, a main shaft 220 arranged along the axis of the cylinder 210, a plurality of rotating wheels 230 arranged on the main shaft 220, and a plurality of guide vanes 240 arranged along the axis of the cylinder 210. The surface of the cylinder 210 is provided with a water suction port 211 and a water outlet 212. The main shaft 220 passes through the cylinder 210 and is connected to the pump shaft 130. The pump shaft 130 drives the main shaft 220 to rotate to drive the multiple rotating wheels 230 in the multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200 to perform work on the fluid in turn. The fluid sucked in through the water suction port 211 of the cylinder 210 obtains kinetic energy under the action of the rotating wheel 230, and then the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy through the guide vanes 240. Finally, the high-pressure fluid is discharged through the water outlet 212.

[0040] A spiral guide assembly is arranged on the side wall of the pump casing 110 near the water guide mechanism 120, and includes a guide half shell 310 with a cavity, a spiral guide vane 320 arranged in the inner cavity of the guide half shell 310, and multiple groups of linearly arranged guide assemblies arranged on the inner wall of the pump casing 110. The guide half shell 310 is installed on the rear side wall of the pump casing 110, and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the pump casing 110. The spiral guide vane 320 separates the inner cavity of the guide half shell 310 to form a spiral cavity. The pump casing 110 is provided with multiple longitudinally arranged water guide grooves at the guide assembly. The reflected water flow and the downward intercepted flow are reflected through the water guide groove into the spiral cavity and form an accelerated spiral flow and are ejected from the water guide groove at the bottom to form a jet. The jet directionally impacts the impeller rotor 140 to form a power-assisted flow.

[0041] In a traditional water turbine pump body 100, its impeller rotor 140 is impacted by the water flow, thereby generating a circumferential rotational torque to cause the pump shaft 130 and the impeller rotor 140 to rotate synchronously. However, part of the water flow impacts the impeller rotor 140 and is reflected to the inner wall of the pump casing 110 to form a reflected water flow. Part of the reflected water flow slides down along the inner wall of the pump casing 110, and the remaining part of the reflected water flow is reflected a second time to the impeller rotor 140, causing an impact on the impeller rotor 140 and interfering with its stable rotation.

[0042] The spiral guide assembly designed in the present application carries and collects the reflected water flow. The reflected water flow is accelerated through the spiral cavity to form an accelerated spiral flow, which impacts the bottom of the impeller rotor 140, thereby increasing the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor 140. Secondly, the spiral cavity formed by the spiral guide plate 320 utilizes the fluid wall attachment effect to accelerate the water flow smoothly along the curved surface, thereby reducing the secondary reflection of the water flow, and collecting the water flow while avoiding the secondary reflected water flow from reducing the driving efficiency of the impeller rotor 140.

[0043] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the diverter assembly at the bottom is configured as an impact bucket 340, and the other multiple groups of diverter assemblies are configured as diverter buckets 330. The diverter buckets 330 include an inclined guide plate 331 arranged on the inner wall of the pump casing 110, a trapezoidal side cover 332 arranged on both sides of the inclined guide plate 331, and a transition arc pad 333 arranged at the connection between the inclined guide plate 331 and the trapezoidal side cover 332. The inclined guide plate 331 of the diverter bucket 330 is designed to gradually expand from one end of the water guide groove to the free end to form a fan-shaped water collection area.

[0044] In one embodiment, the trapezoidal side cover 332 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the inclined guide plate 331, and the inclined guide plate 331 forms a certain angle with the inner wall of the pump casing 110, and the extension line of the inclined guide plate 331 intersects with the axis of the spiral cavity, so that the water flow introduced by the inclined guide plate 331 enters the spiral cavity; the transition arc pad 333 is used to smoothly connect the inclined guide plate 331 and the trapezoidal side cover 332 to form an equal-width flow channel to suppress boundary layer separation; the guide hopper 330 accurately introduces the reflected water flow into the spiral cavity through the three-sided enclosed structure formed by the trapezoidal side cover 332, the inclined guide plate 331 and the transition arc pad 333, thereby realizing water recycling.

[0045] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the guide bucket 330 is connected to the spiral cavity through the water guide groove, and the water guide groove corresponding to the guide bucket 330 is configured as an inlet groove 112. The outlet of the water inlet groove 112 is an inverted trapezoidal closing structure, and the width decreases from top to bottom, so that water can only flow into the spiral cavity in one direction, and a pressure difference is formed by using the gradually shrinking flow area to suppress reverse flow; an upward elevation angle is formed between the bottom surface of the water inlet groove 112 and the horizontal plane, so that the water flow always moves downward in the spiral cavity under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force, avoiding the water flow from being discharged through the water inlet groove 112; the water guide groove corresponding to the impact bucket 340 is configured as an outlet groove 113, and the outlet of the outlet groove 113 is rectangular.

[0046] Reference Figure 10As shown, the impact bucket 340 includes a downward-turned guide surface 341 assembled on the inner wall of the pump casing 110, triangular covers 342 arranged on both sides of the downward-turned guide surface 341, and a triangular transition plate 343 arranged at the connection between the downward-turned guide surface 341 and the triangular cover 342. The downward-turned guide surface 341 of the impact bucket 340 is designed to be gradually reduced from one end of the water guide groove to the free end, and forms a gradually reduced guide channel with the downward-turned guide surface 341. The axis of the gradually reduced guide channel is directly opposite to the center of the guide blade 142 at the bottom end. During operation, the water flow continues to accelerate in the spiral cavity, and is constrained and guided by the triangular cover 342 and the triangular transition plate 343, and impacts the guide blade 142 of the impeller rotor 140 at a specific angle and at high speed, so as to enhance the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor 140.

[0047] Reference Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown, an arc-shaped spiral gasket 350 is provided at the bottom end of the guide half shell 310, which is combined with the spiral guide plate 320 in the guide half shell 310 to form a gradual guide surface facing the water outlet trough 113; when working, the arc-shaped spiral gasket 350 accurately guides the accelerated water flow in the spiral cavity into the water outlet trough 113 by constraining the radial and axial velocity components of the water flow, and at the same time uses the curved surface diversion effect to guide the water flow, thereby avoiding the water flow impacting the inner wall of the guide half shell 310 and causing kinetic energy loss.

[0048] The hub 141 is arranged in a disc structure, and its peripheral thickness is greater than the center thickness. Annular guide lips 143 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the hub 141. A plurality of small guide grooves 1431 are provided on the surface of the annular guide lip 143. The small guide grooves 1431 create channels for water droplets in the center of the hub 141 to move toward the edge of the hub 141. The annular guide lip 143 is arranged in a sideways trumpet-shaped structure. A plurality of radial guide grooves 144 are provided on the surface of the hub 141. The radial guide grooves 144 are arranged between the guide blades 142 and the annular guide lip 143. The radial guide grooves 144 have a smaller depth gradient and a smaller width gradient from the guide blades 142 to the annular guide lip 143.

[0049] In one embodiment, when part of the water flow splashes onto the surface of the hub 141 due to impact with the guide vanes 142 or turbulence, forming a downward intercepted flow, the downward intercepted flow splashing onto the center area of ​​the hub 141 moves toward the periphery under the action of centrifugal force, first contacting the trumpet-shaped curved surface of the annular guide lip 143, which has a funnel-shaped guiding structure. As the downward intercepted flow climbs along the curved surface, it is thrown out along the edge, impacting the side wall of the pump housing 110 at a certain angle, reflecting multiple times, and ultimately falling along the inner wall of the pump housing 110. Part of the downward intercepted flow passes through the guide grooves 1431 and moves toward the periphery of the hub 141.

[0050] The opening of one end of the radial guide groove 144 away from the center of the hub 141 is larger than the width of the guide blade 142. The two sides of the radial guide groove 144 are flared, and a plurality of circumferentially distributed angle guide plates 146 are arranged between the hub 141 and the guide blade 142. The angle guide plates 146 are adjacent to the radial guide groove 144. The guide area formed by the guide blade 142, the angle guide plate 146 and the hub 141 is connected to the inner end of the radial guide groove 144.

[0051] In one embodiment, the radial guide groove 144 adopts a hyperbolic compound curve on both sides of the groove body to ensure that the radial guide groove 144 has a larger inlet section and a smaller outlet section. The downward intercepted flow flowing through the hub 141 to the direction of the guide blade 142 is introduced into the radial guide groove 144. During the rotation of the hub 141, the downward intercepted flow is guided along the radial guide groove 144 and gradually moves to the outlet end of the radial guide groove 144. The outlet section is relatively narrow and shallow, and the downward intercepted flow is radially thrown out of the hub 141. The thrown downward intercepted flow flows to the inclined guide plate 331 and is received by the inclined guide plate 331. It is introduced into the spiral cavity through the inclined guide plate 331 of the guide bucket 330, thereby realizing the reuse of the fluid.

[0052] Exemplarily, part of the intercepted flow enters the guide area, and moves toward the periphery of the hub 141 under the action of centrifugal motion, and is assisted by the angle guide plate 146 to change its position for the first time during this process.

[0053] Multiple groups of guide buckets 330 are arranged longitudinally along the inner wall of the pump casing 110. The inclined guide plates 331 of each group of guide buckets 330 are at different angles to cover the reflection angle range of water flow at different flow rates and in different directions. Part of the water hits the guide blades 142 and is reflected, and part of the water is thrown out by the guide blades 142 to receive fluids of different directions or speeds.

[0054] like Figure 8-Figure 9 As shown, the surface of the hub 141 located at the radial guide groove 144 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed guide plate groups, each of which includes a plurality of obliquely arranged guide arc plates 145. The plurality of guide arc plates 145 are arranged in a circumferentially staggered manner to form a step-by-step guide structure. The curvature of the guide arc plates 145 is set according to the actual flow direction to ensure a smooth transition of the water flow. When the downward interception with the auxiliary positive angle changed is directed to the first guide arc plate 145 under centrifugal motion, the fluid accelerates and slides along the water-facing surface of the guide arc plate 145. The circumferential staggered layout of adjacent guide arc plates 145 allows the previous arc plate to guide the fluid to the water-facing surface of the next arc plate, and the fluid direction is adjusted step by step to be consistent with the inlet axis of the guide area, and finally is tangentially introduced into the periphery of the hub 141 and thrown out at a certain angle.

[0055] The angled guide plate 146 and the guide arc plate 145 serve not only to guide the movement of the fluid, but also to slow down the fluid's movement speed, thereby achieving dynamic control of the fluid's kinetic energy and torque enhancement. When the downstream intercepted flow impacts the plate surface under the action of centrifugal force, the angled guide plate 146 changes the flow direction of the downstream intercepted flow and produces a blocking effect. At the same time, the curved surface of the guide arc plate 145 and the angled guide plate 146 form a gradient deceleration channel. When the hub 141 rotates, the downstream intercepted flow, which has been guided and decelerated, is temporarily stored in the retention space formed by the guide area and the guide arc plate 145. As the hub 141 rotates to a specific phase, the downstream intercepted flow is ejected at a precise speed and angle under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, thereby enhancing the circumferential torque of the impeller rotor 140. At the same time, the downstream intercepted flow after deceleration forms a stable rotating water ring before being thrown out, and further accumulates potential energy through the continuous action of centrifugal force. When the rotating water ring reaches the critical pressure, it is released in a direction, producing a pulse impact effect. The rectified fluid enters the spiral cavity through the guide bucket 330 to achieve the reuse of the downstream intercepted flow.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, the pump casing 110 includes a symmetrically arranged casing body 114 having an upper opening and a side opening, an upper sealing plate 115 for sealing the upper opening of the casing body 114, and a side sealing plate 116 for sealing the side opening of the casing body 114. The water guide mechanism 120 is vertically assembled on the upper sealing plate 115 to allow the fluid to vertically enter the pump casing 110. The bottom end of the side sealing plate 116 is provided with a tailwater pipe 117 for diverting the water flow. The water guide mechanism 120 is used to guide the fluid to enter the pump casing 110 in a specific direction and angle, and then tangentially impact the impeller rotor 140.

[0057] The shell body 114 , the upper sealing plate 115 and the side sealing plate 116 are connected in an integrated manner, and the tailwater pipe 117 is opened at the bottom end of the side sealing plate 116 .

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the cylinder 210 includes multiple inner pump shells 270 with interconnected inner cavities, each group of inner pump shells 270 is provided with a rotating wheel 230 and a guide vane 240, and radial bearings 250 are provided inside the main shaft 220 and the cylinder 210 to support the main shaft 220, and sealing rings 260 are provided at the places where the main shaft 220 passes through the cylinder 210 and the inner pump shell 270 to avoid water seepage at the places where the main shaft 220 passes through the cylinder 210 and the inner pump shell 270.

[0059] Specifically, a group of inner pump housing 270, rotating wheel 230, guide vane 240 and main shaft 220 constitute a first-stage boosting unit of the centrifugal pump: the number of inner pump housing 270, rotating wheel 230 and guide vane 240 corresponds to each other, the inner pump housing 270 is cylindrical, and its inner cavity is connected with the inner cavity of the adjacent inner pump housing 270 to form a flow channel for fluid movement, the rotating wheel 230 is installed on the main shaft 220 and is completely accommodated in the inner pump housing 270, and the guide vane 240 is fixed to the inner wall of the inner pump housing 270 and arranged around the rotating wheel 230. When fluid enters the first-stage booster unit from the water inlet 211, the high-speed rotation of the pump shaft 130 drives the main shaft 220 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotary wheel 230 to perform work on the fluid, causing the fluid to generate kinetic energy along the radial direction of the main shaft 220. The fluid then enters the flow path of the guide vanes 240 and, under the constraints of the guide vanes 240, is guided to the inlet of the rotary wheel 230 of the next-stage inner pump housing 270. Following this fluid movement path, the fluid enters the subsequent booster units in sequence, and is transported to the water outlet 212 for discharge at a long distance.

[0060] Working principle: When the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump is working, the water flow first enters the pump casing 110 of the water turbine pump body 100 vertically through the water guide mechanism 120. The water guide mechanism 120 is located on the impeller rotor 140, close to the spiral guide component and directly above the center of a horizontal guide blade 142. When the water guide mechanism 120 makes the water flow vertically, that is, tangentially impact the impeller rotor 140, its guide blade 142 is configured as a double-spoon-shaped structure. The front side of the guide blade 142 facing the direction of water flow impact is a concave water-guiding surface, and the back side of the guide blade 142 facing away from the direction of rotation is a convex water-scooping surface. The entire blade extends from the hub 141 to the edge in a three-dimensional twisted manner, forming a double-spoon-shaped streamlined structure with narrow ends and wide in the middle.

[0061] When water tangentially impacts guide vanes 142, the majority of the fluid flows along the concave surface and converges on the concave surface of guide vanes 142. The impact force of the water and gravity generate a rotational torque that drives impeller rotor 140 to rotate circumferentially along pump shaft 130. Pump shaft 130 passively rotates, and synchronously, pump shaft 130 drives main shaft 220 to rotate, which in turn drives the multiple impellers 230 within multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200 to rotate synchronously. Within multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200, fluid is drawn in through intake port 211 of barrel 210 and first enters the first-stage booster unit. The impellers 230 within the first-stage booster unit rotate at high speed, centrifugally throwing the fluid toward the outer edge of the impellers 230, causing the fluid to acquire radial and circumferential velocities. Then, under the constraints of guide vanes 240, the fluid is constrained, squeezed, and adjusted before being introduced into the next-stage booster unit.

[0062] Subsequently, the fluid enters the subsequent boosting units in turn, and the rotating wheel 230 and guide vane 240 of each boosting unit repeatedly work on the fluid, so that the pressure of the fluid is continuously accumulated and increased along the axial direction, and finally discharged from the water outlet 212 of the cylinder 210 in a high-pressure state.

[0063] Correspondingly, during the rotation of the impeller rotor 140, part of the water flow hits the convex surface on the front of the guide vane 142 and is reflected. The reflected water flow is received by the guide scoop 330 directed to the inner wall of the pump casing 110. The inclined guide plate 331 of the guide scoop 330 is fan-shaped. When the reflected water flow hits the inner wall of the pump casing 110, it will slide down along the curved surface of the inclined guide plate 331, using the inertia and gravity of the fluid to naturally guide the water flow in the direction of the water guide groove. At the same time, the trapezoidal side cover 332 is integrally connected to the inclined guide plate 331, effectively preventing the water flow from spreading laterally.

[0064] At the same time, the converging space formed by the trapezoidal structure of the entire guide hopper 330, combined with the gradually expanding shape of the inclined guide plate 331, constrains and converges the water flow, causing the dispersed reflected water flow to gradually form a beam during flow, entering the water guide trough in a more concentrated state. Meanwhile, a transition arc pad 333 is provided at the junction of the inclined guide plate 331 and the trapezoidal side cover 332. The transition arc pad 333 connects the angled corners of the inclined guide plate 331 and the trapezoidal side cover 332 with a smooth curved surface, eliminating sharp turns in the water flow path. When the water flows through the corners of the guide hopper 330, the curved surface of the transition arc pad 333 effectively suppresses boundary layer separation, avoiding vortices and pressure losses caused by the separation of the fluid from the wall, ensuring that the reflected water flow enters the spiral cavity efficiently and stably.

[0065] At the same time, some of the water that splashes into the center of hub 141 moves toward the periphery driven by centrifugal force. As the water rises along the curved surface, some of the fluid enters the edge of hub 141 through small guide grooves 1431, where it merges with the fluid ejected from radial guide grooves 144. Radial guide grooves 144 utilize a hyperbolic compound curve and a tapered structure to guide the water flowing through guide blades 142 into the grooves, accelerating it and ejecting the fluid radially toward hub 141 at the outlet.

[0066] When part of the fluid impacts the angled guide plate 146, the angled guide plate 146 changes the fluid flow direction and reduces the flow rate. The fluid then enters the step-by-step guide structure formed by the guide arc plates 145. The circumferential staggered arrangement and different curvature design of the guide arc plates 145 allow the fluid to accelerate on the water-facing surface while achieving a smooth transition through the tangency between the back-to-water surface and the guide zone entrance profile. The guided and decelerated fluid is temporarily stored in the retention space formed by the guide zone and the guide arc plates 145. As the hub 141 rotates to a specific phase, it is ejected at a precise speed and angle under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, efficiently entering the spiral cavity to participate in the circulation.

[0067] At the same time, during the operation of the turbine pump body 100, the reflected water flow entering the spiral cavity is guided by the spiral guide vanes 320, forming an accelerated spiral flow along the curved surface due to the wall effect. Guided by the spiral cavity and gravity, the water flow is further accelerated and spirals downward. The arc-shaped spiral gasket 350 at the bottom of the guide half shell 310 cooperates with the spiral guide vanes 320 to guide the accelerated water flow out of the outlet trough 113 at a tangential angle and speed. Through the tapered guide channel of the impact bucket 340, it is directed at high speed and impacts the guide vanes 142 at the bottom of the impeller rotor 140, forming a secondary impact, further enhancing the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor 140.

[0068] Finally, a few points should be explained: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to mechanical or electrical connections, internal communication between two components, or direct connection. "Up," "down," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute positions of the objects being described change, the relative positional relationships may also change.

[0069] Secondly: The drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention only involve structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention. Other structures may refer to conventional designs. The same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0070] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump, characterized in that: include: A water turbine pump body (100) comprises a pump housing (110) having an inner cavity and a water guide mechanism (120) arranged on the pump housing (110). The water turbine pump body (100) further comprises a pump shaft (130) arranged transversely in the pump housing (110), and an impeller rotor (140) integrally connected to the pump shaft (130). The impeller rotor (140) comprises a hub (141) and a plurality of guide vanes (142) circumferentially arranged on the hub (141). A tailwater pipe (117) is provided at the bottom of the pump housing (110). A vertically downward water flow impacts the guide vanes (142) to drive the pump shaft (130) to rotate. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor (140) to form a reflected water flow and a downward interception flow. A spiral guide assembly is provided at a side wall of the pump housing (110) near the water guide mechanism (120), comprising a guide half-shell (310) having a cavity, a spiral guide vane (320) arranged in the inner cavity of the guide half-shell (310), and a plurality of linearly arranged guide assemblies provided on the inner wall of the pump housing (110), wherein the guide half-shell (310) is installed on the rear side wall of the pump housing (110), and its inner cavity is communicated with the inner cavity of the pump housing (110), and the spiral guide vane (320) separates the inner cavity of the guide half-shell (310) to form a spiral cavity, and the pump housing (110) is provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged water guide grooves at the guide assembly, wherein the reflected water flow and the downstream intercepted flow are reflected through the water guide grooves into the spiral cavity and form an accelerated spiral flow, which is ejected from the water guide groove at the bottom end to form a jet, and the jet directionally impacts the impeller rotor (140) to form a power-assisted flow; One end of the pump shaft (130) passing through the pump housing (110) is connected to a multi-stage centrifugal pump body (200). The multi-stage centrifugal pump body (200) comprises a barrel (210) with an inner cavity, a main shaft (220) mounted on the barrel (210), and a plurality of inner pump housings (270) arranged along the axis of the main shaft (220). The main shaft (220) is located in each inner pump housing (270) and is equipped with a plurality of rotating wheels (230). The inner pump housing (270) is equipped with guide vanes (240), and the guide vanes (240) are arranged around the rotating wheel 230. The surface of the cylinder (210) is provided with a water suction port (211) and a water outlet (212). The main shaft (220) passes through the cylinder (210) and is connected to the pump shaft (130). The pump shaft (130) drives the main shaft (220) to rotate to drive the multiple rotating wheels (230) and the guide vanes (240) to squeeze and guide the fluid.

2. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion assembly at the bottom is configured as an impact bucket (340), and the other multiple groups of diversion assemblies are configured as diversion buckets (330). The diversion buckets (330) include an inclined diversion plate (331) arranged on the inner wall of the pump housing (110), a trapezoidal side cover (332) arranged on both sides of the inclined diversion plate (331), and a transition arc pad (333) arranged at the connection between the inclined diversion plate (331) and the trapezoidal side cover (332). The inclined diversion plate (331) of the diversion bucket (330) is designed to gradually expand from one end of the water guide groove to the free end to form a fan-shaped water collection area.

3. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide hopper (330) is connected to the spiral cavity through a water guide groove. The water guide groove corresponding to the guide hopper (330) is configured as a water inlet groove (112). The outlet of the water inlet groove (112) is in an inverted trapezoidal closing structure, and the width decreases from top to bottom. The water guide groove corresponding to the impact hopper (340) is configured as a water outlet groove (113). The outlet of the water outlet groove (113) is arranged in a rectangular shape.

4. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 3, characterized in that: The impact bucket (340) comprises a downward-turned flow guide surface (341) mounted on the inner wall of the pump housing (110), triangular covers (342) arranged on both sides of the downward-turned flow guide surface (341), and a triangular transition plate (343) arranged at the connection between the downward-turned flow guide surface (341) and the triangular cover (342). The downward-turned flow guide surface (341) of the impact bucket (340) is designed to be gradually reduced from one end of the water guide groove to the free end, and forms a gradually reduced flow guide channel with the downward-turned flow guide surface (341). The axis of the gradually reduced flow guide channel is directly opposite to the center of the flow guide blade (142) at the bottom end.

5. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 4, characterized in that: An arc-shaped spiral gasket (350) is provided at the bottom end of the guide half shell (310), and is combined with the spiral guide piece (320) inside the guide half shell (310) to form a gradually changing guide curved surface facing the water outlet trough (113).

6. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hub (141) is provided with a disc-shaped structure, the peripheral thickness of which is greater than the central thickness. Annular guide lips (143) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hub (141). The surface of the annular guide lip (143) is provided with a plurality of small guide grooves (1431). The small guide grooves (1431) create channels for water droplets in the center of the hub (141) to move toward the edge of the hub (141). The annular guide lip (143) is provided with a sideways trumpet-shaped structure. The surface of the hub (141) is provided with a plurality of radial guide grooves (144). The radial guide grooves (144) are arranged between the guide blades (142) and the annular guide lip (143). The groove depth and groove width of the radial guide grooves (144) decrease gradually from the guide blades (142) toward the annular guide lip (143).

7. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening of one end of the radial guide groove (144) away from the center of the hub (141) is larger than the width of the guide blade (142), and both sides of the radial guide groove (144) are flared. A plurality of circumferentially distributed angled guide plates (146) are arranged between the hub (141) and the guide blade (142), and the angled guide plates (146) are adjacent to the radial guide groove (144). The guide area formed by the guide blade (142), the angled guide plates (146) and the hub (141) is connected to the inner end of the radial guide groove (144).

8. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hub (141) is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed guide plate groups at the radial guide grooves (144), each of the guide plate groups comprising a plurality of obliquely arranged guide arc plates (145), and the plurality of guide arc plates (145) are arranged in a circumferentially staggered arrangement.

9. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pump casing (110) includes a symmetrically arranged casing body (114) having an upper opening and a side opening, an upper sealing plate (115) for sealing the upper opening of the casing body (114), and a side sealing plate (116) for sealing the side opening of the casing body (114). The water guide mechanism (120) is vertically assembled on the upper sealing plate (115) so that the fluid enters the pump casing (110) vertically. The casing body (114), the upper sealing plate (115) and the side sealing plate (116) are connected in an integral manner. The tailwater pipe (117) is opened at the bottom end of the side sealing plate (116).

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