1553B bus terminal resistor intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a 1553B bus terminal resistor intelligent switching system based on an optocoupler-MOS relay, and can solve the technical problem that the operation reliability of a carrier rocket is reduced when terminal resistors are switched in the prior art. The system comprises a 1533B bus and a plurality of terminal resistor switching modules, and the corresponding terminal resistor switching modules can be configured for multi-stage separation scenes (a ground section, a first-stage section and a second-stage section) to switch terminal resistors. The terminal resistor switching module comprises a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller, and the microcontroller is used for receiving an instruction of the flight control computer so as to control the on-off of the first optocoupler-MOS relay and the second optocoupler-MOS relay. The 1533B bus is provided with the first channel and the second channel, the switching function failure problem can be avoided, meanwhile, the terminal resistor intelligent switching system provided by the embodiment of the invention is free of electromagnetic interference, and therefore the reliability of a repeatable carrier rocket launching task is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aerospace communication technology, and in particular to a 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relays. Background Art

[0002] The 1553B bus is a highly reliable, real-time data transmission bus primarily used in the aerospace industry. Its topology is a bus topology, requiring terminal resistors at both ends. The 1553B bus terminal resistors have two primary functions: one is to prevent signal reflections, ensuring signal accuracy and distortion; the other is to provide impedance matching, improving communication efficiency. During a rocket launch, during liftoff from the launch pad and stage separation, the rocket's 1553B bus cable must be separated using the dropout connector between the rocket and the ground, as well as the stage separation connector. During this process, the 1553B bus terminal resistors change. To ensure proper operation of the 1553B bus, the terminal resistors must be switched and controlled.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used terminal resistor switching method is to use a mechanical electromagnetic relay switch to control the switching of the terminal resistor. By controlling the on and off of the mechanical contact, the switching of the terminal resistor on the bus is controlled.

[0004] However, the mechanical contacts of electromagnetic relays are subject to mechanical wear, adhesion failure, and electromagnetic interference risks, and they do not have the function of circuit short-circuit protection, which reduces the operating reliability of the launch vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay, which can solve the technical problem in the related art that the operating reliability of the carrier rocket is reduced when the terminal resistance is switched.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on an optocoupler-MOS relay, and the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on an optocoupler-MOS relay includes: a 1533B bus and a plurality of terminal resistance switching modules; each terminal resistance switching module is electrically connected to the 1533B bus and the flight control computer; wherein the terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller; the 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor arranged in the first channel, a second channel and a fourth terminal resistor arranged in the second channel; the first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin, a fourth relay pin ; The second optocoupler-MOS relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, and an eighth relay pin; the input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop; the first loop includes a third terminal resistor; the input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop; the second loop includes a fourth terminal resistor; the third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the flight control computer; a separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules; the separation connector is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first loop and the second loop.

[0008] Based on the above description of the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay provided in the embodiment of the present application, it can be known that the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay includes a 1533B bus and a plurality of terminal resistance switching modules, and can be configured to switch the terminal resistance for a multi-stage separation scenario (ground segment, primary segment, secondary segment). The terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller, which receives instructions from the flight control computer through the microcontroller, and then controls the on-off of the first optocoupler-MOS relay and the second optocoupler-MOS relay. In the case of the first channel and the second channel of the 1533B bus, the problem of switching function failure can be avoided. At the same time, the terminal resistance intelligent switching system provided in the embodiment of the present application is free of electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the reliability of the launch mission of the reusable launch vehicle.

[0009] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present application can achieve intelligence and miniaturization.

[0010] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, the terminal resistance switching module also includes: a driving circuit; the third relay pin and the fourth relay pin are electrically connected to the microcontroller through the driving circuit to control the on and off of the first optocoupler-MOS relay; the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are electrically connected to the microcontroller through the driving circuit to control the on and off of the second optocoupler-MOS relay.

[0011] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, the terminal resistance switching module further includes: a sampling circuit; the sampling circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller to transmit the bus current parameter to the microcontroller.

[0012] In this way, by setting up a sampling circuit, the bus working status can be detected and faults can be located in real time, thereby realizing the circuit short-circuit protection function.

[0013] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, the terminal resistance switching module also includes: a communication interface circuit and a power supply circuit; the flight control computer, the communication interface circuit and the microcontroller are electrically connected in sequence so that the microcontroller communicates with the flight control computer on the rocket, receives control instructions and feedback status data; the external power supply, the power supply circuit and the microcontroller are electrically connected in sequence.

[0014] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a ground terminal resistance switching module, a first-level terminal resistance switching module and a second-level terminal resistance switching module. In the first preset state, the ground terminal resistance switching module is turned on, the first-level terminal resistance switching module and the second-level terminal resistance switching module are both disconnected, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the ground terminal resistance switching module are in a normally closed state, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the first-level terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state, and the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the second-level terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state; the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes; a ground terminal device; the ground terminal device is electrically connected to the first channel; the ground terminal device is electrically connected to the second channel; the first loop includes the first terminal resistor and the third terminal resistor of the ground terminal resistance switching module; the second loop includes the second terminal resistor and the fourth terminal resistor of the ground terminal resistance switching module.

[0015] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a ground terminal resistance switching module, a first-level terminal resistance switching module and a second-level terminal resistance switching module. In the second preset state, the first-level terminal resistance switching module is turned on, the ground terminal resistance switching module and the second-level terminal resistance switching module are both disconnected, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the first-level terminal resistance switching module are in a normally closed state, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the ground terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state, and the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the second-level terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state; the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes: a first-level terminal device; the first-level terminal device is electrically connected to the first channel; the first-level terminal device is electrically connected to the second channel; the first circuit includes the first terminal resistor and the third terminal resistor of the first-level terminal resistance switching module; the second circuit includes the second terminal resistor and the fourth terminal resistor of the first-level terminal resistance switching module; the separation connector between the ground terminal resistance switching module and the first-level terminal resistance switching module is disconnected.

[0016] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a primary terminal resistance switching module and a secondary terminal resistance switching module. In the third preset state, the secondary terminal resistance switching module is turned on, the primary terminal resistance switching module is disconnected, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the secondary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally closed state, and the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the primary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state; the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes; a secondary terminal device; the secondary terminal device is electrically connected to the first channel; the secondary terminal device is electrically connected to the second channel; the first circuit includes the first terminal resistor and the third terminal resistor of the secondary terminal resistance switching module; the second circuit includes the second terminal resistor and the fourth terminal resistor of the secondary terminal resistance switching module; the separation connector between the primary terminal resistance switching module and the secondary terminal resistance switching module is disconnected.

[0017] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, the microcontroller is configured to calculate heat according to an overcurrent protection curve algorithm to obtain a bus operating status result.

[0018] In a feasible implementation of the first aspect, multiple terminal resistance switching modules are integrated into a coupler of the 1553B bus.

[0019] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching method based on an optocoupler-MOS relay, and the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching method based on an optocoupler-MOS relay includes: electrically connecting each terminal resistance switching module to the 1533B bus and the flight control computer; wherein the terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller; the 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor arranged in the first channel, a second channel and a fourth terminal resistor arranged in the second channel; the first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin and a fourth relay pin; the second optocoupler-MOS The relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, and an eighth relay pin; the input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor, and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop; the first loop includes a third terminal resistor; the input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor, and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop; the second loop includes a fourth terminal resistor; the third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin, and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the flight control computer; a separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules; the separation connector is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first loop and the second loop.

[0020] The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching method based on the optocoupler-MOS relay, by setting the 1533B bus and multiple terminal resistance switching modules, can be configured for multi-stage separation scenarios (ground segment, primary segment, secondary segment), The corresponding terminal resistance switching module is used to switch the terminal resistance. The terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller, which receives instructions from the flight control computer through the microcontroller, and then controls the on and off of the first optocoupler-MOS relay and the second optocoupler-MOS relay. In the case of the first channel and the second channel of the 1533B bus, the problem of switching function failure can be avoided. At the same time, the terminal resistance intelligent switching system provided by the embodiment of the present application is free of electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the reliability of the launch mission of the reusable carrier rocket. In addition, the embodiment of the present application can be intelligentized and miniaturized.

[0021] In the third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal resistance switching module, which is electrically connected to a 1533B bus and a microcontroller. The 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor arranged in the first channel, a second channel and a fourth terminal resistor arranged in the second channel. It is characterized in that it includes: a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller; the first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin, and a fourth relay pin; the second optocoupler-MOS relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, The eighth relay pin; the input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop; the first loop includes a third terminal resistor; the input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop; the second loop includes a fourth terminal resistor; the third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller; a separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistor switching modules; the separation connector is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first loop and the second loop.

[0022] In this way, the terminal resistor switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor, and a microcontroller. The microcontroller receives instructions from the flight control computer and controls the switching of the first and second optocoupler-MOS relays. This avoids switching failure issues when the 1533B bus has a first channel and a second channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a 1553B bus terminal resistor intelligent switching system based on an optocoupler-MOS relay provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a terminal resistance switching module in a 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on an optocoupler-MOS relay provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Reference numerals:

[0026] 101 - First channel; 102 - Second channel; 103 - Third terminal resistor; 104 - Fourth terminal resistor; 200 - Terminal resistor switching module; 201 - First optocoupler-MOS relay; 2011 - First relay pin; 2012 - Second relay pin; 2013 - Third relay pin; 2014 - Fourth relay pin; 202 - First terminal resistor; 203 - Second optocoupler-MOS relay; 2031 - Fifth relay pin; 2032 - Sixth relay pin; 2033 - Seventh relay pin; 2034 - Eighth relay pin; 204 - Second terminal resistor; 205 - Microcontroller ;206-driving circuit;207-sampling circuit;208-communication interface circuit;209-power supply circuit;300-flight control computer;400-ground terminal equipment;500-primary terminal equipment;600-secondary terminal equipment;700-coupler;800-separation connector;901a-second coupling circuit;901b-first coupling circuit;902a-fourth coupling circuit;902b-third coupling circuit;903a-sixth coupling circuit;903b-fifth coupling circuit;200a-ground terminal resistance switching module;200b-primary terminal resistance switching module;200c-secondary terminal resistance switching module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" refers to two or more than two. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0028] In addition, in order to facilitate the clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art will understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit differences. At the same time, in the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete way for easy understanding.

[0029] The principles and features of the present application are described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0030] Due to the rise of reusable launch vehicles in recent years, the reliability requirements for onboard electrical equipment have become increasingly stringent. Multiple reuse and long-term operation have become new challenges for rocket electrical equipment. In the engineering practice of reusable launch vehicles, onboard electrical systems face multiple reliability challenges. Compared to traditional disposable launch vehicles that only need to meet a single launch mission (typical life cycle <4 hours), the electrical equipment of reusable launch vehicles must withstand more than 10 reuse lifespans (accumulated over 200 hours) and continuous stability tests under extreme operating conditions.

[0031] In the engineering practice of reusable launch vehicles, the reliability challenges of onboard electrical systems are closely linked to signal transmission performance. The core contradiction lies in signal stability during a long reuse lifespan and anti-interference capabilities in extreme dynamic environments. Compared to the short, single missions of traditional expendable rockets, the electrical equipment of reusable rockets requires a redesigned signal transmission reliability design.

[0032] Terminal resistor switching is a key technology that ensures the integrity of signal transmission by dynamically adjusting the impedance matching resistor value at the end of the bus. When the bus topology structure suddenly changes (such as separation between stages of the launch vehicle, physical disconnection of ground equipment and onboard equipment, or dynamic addition / removal of equipment to the bus), the impedance value of the original terminal resistor may be mismatched due to changes in bus length or load, and a switching action needs to be triggered at this time. After switching, the system disconnects the original resistor network and activates a new terminal resistor that matches the current bus physical length and characteristic impedance (usually 78Ω), while absorbing residual energy through the damping circuit. This adjustment can eliminate signal reflections and waveform distortion caused by impedance mutations, maintain the stability of the bus voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and restore the signal rise time, amplitude, and signal-to-noise ratio to within the range allowed by the protocol, thereby avoiding problems such as increased bit error rate, data frame loss, or command transmission failure.

[0033] Ultimately, the terminal resistance switching ensures the real-time and reliability of bus communication in highly dynamic scenarios. For example, before the rocket separates (including the moment when the rocket is about to separate), it can still maintain lossless data transmission between the onboard equipment and the ground measurement and control, providing underlying support for redundant control and fault tolerance of complex systems.

[0034] An even more significant challenge lies in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design. Traditional mechanical relays (such as the G6K-2F) generate broadband radiated interference (30-300 MHz band) of up to 60 dBμV / m during switching. The peak transient reverse electromotive force can reach 10 times the coil voltage (typically 200 V). This interference can couple through the common ground impedance of sensitive equipment such as the navigation computer and attitude control sensors within the rocket's densely populated electronics compartment, increasing the false alarm rate during BIT (Built-in Test) by 37%. These risks significantly reduce the reliability of reusable launch vehicle missions.

[0035] To address the above issues, the present invention provides a method for intelligently switching terminal resistors on a 1553B bus based on an optocoupler-MOS relay, which is applicable to the field of aerospace communications technology. For example, it can be used in various terminal resistor switching scenarios, particularly in recoverable launch vehicles.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a 1553B bus terminal resistor intelligent switching system based on an optocoupler-MOS relay provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay includes: a 1533B bus 100 and multiple terminal resistance switching modules 200. Each terminal resistance switching module 200 is electrically connected to the 1533B bus 100 and the flight control computer 300.

[0037] 1533B bus 100 includes a first channel 101 (e.g. Figure 1 B channel shown), the second channel 102 (as shown Figure 1 Channel A shown in the figure), third terminal resistor 103 set in first channel 101, and fourth terminal resistor 104 set in second channel 102. A dual-channel redundant design improves system reliability, allowing seamless switchover to the backup channel in the event of a primary channel failure. This sophisticated redundant channel architecture achieves fault tolerance through dual independent communication links.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the terminal resistance switching module 200 includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay 201, a first terminal resistor 202, a second optocoupler-MOS relay 203, a second terminal resistor 204, and a microcontroller 205. Thus, the intelligent switching of the terminal resistance is achieved by using a microcontroller with an intelligent control chip as the core and an optocoupler relay, and the microcontroller communicates with the onboard flight control computer in real time.

[0039] To achieve miniaturization and intelligence, in some embodiments, multiple terminal resistance switching modules are integrated into the coupler 700 of the 1553B bus.

[0040] On the one hand, it receives timing control instructions from the flight control computer to control the switching of the terminal resistors. Timing control instructions are used to precisely coordinate the rocket's stage-by-stage separation, including the timing logic for booster separation and the separation of the first and second stages, ensuring that each stage of separation is executed with millisecond-level accuracy.

[0041] The first optocoupler-MOS relay 201 includes a first relay pin 2011 , a second relay pin 2012 , a third relay pin 2013 , and a fourth relay pin 2014 .

[0042] The second optocoupler-MOS relay 203 includes a fifth relay pin 2031 , a sixth relay pin 2032 , a seventh relay pin 2033 , and an eighth relay pin 2034 .

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the input of the first channel 101 (such as Figure 1 B+ as shown), the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the first terminal resistor 202 and the output of the first channel 101 (as shown Figure 1 B-) are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop. The first loop includes a third terminal resistor 103.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the input of the second channel 102 (such as Figure 1 A+ as shown), the fifth relay pin 2031, the sixth relay pin 2032, the second terminal resistor 204 and the output of the second channel 102 (as shown Figure 1 A-) shown is electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop. The second loop includes a fourth terminal resistor 104.

[0045] The third relay pin 2013 , the fourth relay pin 2014 , the seventh relay pin 2033 and the eighth relay pin 2034 are all electrically connected to the microcontroller 205 .

[0046] The microcontroller 205 is electrically connected to the flight control computer 300. In some embodiments, the microcontroller 205 is configured to calculate the heat according to the overcurrent protection curve algorithm to obtain the bus working status result. In one implementation, the microcontroller monitors the circuit status on the 1553B bus in real time. If a line short circuit is detected, the circuit can be immediately cut off to protect the online equipment. At the same time, the switching status of the terminal resistor and the short circuit status of the bus can be reported to the flight control computer for rapid troubleshooting and location. In some embodiments, the loop current is monitored. If the current abnormally exceeds the preset time, it is considered that the line is short-circuited. Exemplarily, the preset time can vary with the length of the current threshold. For example, when the current threshold is 1mA-2mA, the preset time can be 1 millisecond. For another example, when the current threshold is 0mA-1mA, the preset time can be 2 milliseconds.

[0047] A separation connector 800 is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules. The separation connector 800 is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first circuit and the second circuit.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the terminal resistance switching module further includes a drive circuit 206. The third relay pin 2013 and the fourth relay pin 2014 are electrically connected to the microcontroller 205 via the drive circuit 206 to control the on / off switching of the first optocoupler-MOS relay 201. The seventh relay pin 2033 and the eighth relay pin 2034 are electrically connected to the microcontroller 205 via the drive circuit 206 to control the on / off switching of the second optocoupler-MOS relay 203.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the terminal resistance switching module further includes a sampling circuit 207 . The sampling circuit 207 is electrically connected to the microcontroller 205 to transmit the bus current parameter to the microcontroller 205 .

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the terminal resistance switching module further includes: a communication interface circuit 208 and a power supply circuit 209. The flight control computer 300, the communication interface circuit 208, and the microcontroller 205 are electrically connected in sequence so that the microcontroller 205 communicates with the flight control computer 300 on the arrow and receives control instructions and feedback status data. The external power supply, the power supply circuit 209, and the microcontroller 205 are electrically connected. In this way, through the communication interface circuit, the microcontroller communicates with the flight control computer on the arrow and receives control instructions and feedback status data. The on-off of the optocoupler-MOS relay (including the first optocoupler-MOS relay and the second optocoupler-MOS relay) is controlled by the drive circuit according to the instructions of the flight control computer.

[0051] It should be noted that "sequential electrical connection" refers to the electrical connection between the flight control computer 300 and the communication interface circuit 208, and the electrical connection between the communication interface circuit 208 and the microcontroller 205. The flight control computer 300 and the microcontroller 205 are not directly electrically connected. After clarifying the static connection architecture of the onboard electrical system, further analysis is required of its state transitions within the dynamic mission profile. For the three typical operating conditions within the launch vehicle's full lifecycle: ground testing, active phase flight, and interstage separation, the bus terminal network will implement impedance matching strategy switching based on topology changes. This is explained in detail below.

[0052] In the case where the first preset state is a ground test before the rocket takes off,

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a ground terminal resistance switching module 200a, a first-level terminal resistance switching module 200b and a second-level terminal resistance switching module 200c. In the first preset state, the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a is turned on, the first-level terminal resistance switching module 200b and the second-level terminal resistance switching module 200c are both disconnected, the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a are in a normally closed state, the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the first-level terminal resistance switching module 200b are in a normally open state, and the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the second-level terminal resistance switching module 200c are in a normally open state. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes a ground terminal device 400 (also called RT1, used for ground measurement and control).

[0054] The ground terminal device 400 is electrically connected to the first channel 101. Exemplarily, the ground terminal device 400 is electrically connected to the first channel 101 via a first coupling circuit 901b. The first coupling circuit 901b may include an inductor and two resistors. The inductor of the first coupling circuit 901b is positioned opposite the inductor of the ground terminal device 400 to achieve a coupled electrical connection.

[0055] The ground terminal device 400 is electrically connected to the second channel 102. Exemplarily, the ground terminal device 400 is electrically connected to the second channel 102 via a second coupling circuit 901a. The second coupling circuit 901a may include an inductor and two resistors. The inductor of the second coupling circuit 901a is positioned opposite the inductor of the ground terminal device 400 to achieve a coupled electrical connection.

[0056] The first loop includes the first terminal resistor 202 and the third terminal resistor 103 of the ground terminal resistor switching module 200a. The second loop includes the second terminal resistor 204 and the fourth terminal resistor 104 of the ground terminal resistor switching module 200a.

[0057] In this way, the flight control computer sends an optocoupler-MOS relay connection instruction to the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a, and sends an optocoupler-MOS relay disconnection instruction to the primary terminal resistance switching module 200b and the secondary terminal resistance switching module 200c. At this point, the ground terminal device (i.e., the ground test, transmission, and control RT1 terminal device) is connected to the 1553B bus. The terminal resistance on the bus consists of the first terminal resistor 202 and the third terminal resistor 103 of the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a, and the second terminal resistor 204 and the fourth terminal resistor 104 of the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a.

[0058] When the second preset state is the terminal resistance switching during rocket takeoff,

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a ground terminal resistance switching module 200a, a first-level terminal resistance switching module 200b and a second-level terminal resistance switching module 200c. In the second preset state, the first-level terminal resistance switching module 200b is turned on, the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a and the second-level terminal resistance switching module 200c are both disconnected, the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the first-level terminal resistance switching module 200b are in a normally closed state, the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a are in a normally open state, and the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the second-level terminal resistance switching module 200c are in a normally open state. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes a first-level terminal device 500 (also represented as RT2-RTn, used for the first-level bus terminal of the rocket).

[0060] The primary terminal device 500 is electrically connected to the first channel. Exemplarily, the primary terminal device 500 is electrically connected to the first channel 101 via a third coupling circuit 902b. The third coupling circuit 902b may include an inductor and two resistors. The inductor of the third coupling circuit 902b is positioned opposite the inductor of the primary terminal device 500 to achieve a coupled electrical connection.

[0061] The primary terminal device 500 is electrically connected to the second channel. Exemplarily, the primary terminal device 500 is electrically connected to the second channel 102 via a fourth coupling circuit 902a. The fourth coupling circuit 902a may include an inductor and two resistors. The inductor of the fourth coupling circuit 902a is positioned opposite the inductor of the primary terminal device 500 to achieve a coupled electrical connection.

[0062] The first loop includes the first terminal resistor 202 and the third terminal resistor 103 of the primary terminal resistor switching module 200b. The second loop includes the second terminal resistor 204 and the fourth terminal resistor 104 of the primary terminal resistor switching module 200b. The separation connector 800 between the ground terminal resistor switching module 200a and the primary terminal resistor switching module 200b is disconnected.

[0063] In this way, before the rocket is about to take off, the flight control computer sends an optocoupler-MOS relay disconnect instruction to the ground terminal resistance switching module 200a and the secondary terminal resistance switching module 200c in a timed sequence, and simultaneously sends an optocoupler-MOS relay close instruction to the primary terminal resistance switching module 200b. At this time, the ground terminal equipment (i.e., the ground test, launch and control RT1 terminal equipment) exits the 1553B bus connection. The terminal resistance on the bus is composed of the first terminal resistor 202 and the third terminal resistor 103 of the primary terminal resistance switching module 200b, and the second terminal resistor 204 and the fourth terminal resistor 104 of the primary terminal resistance switching module 200b. After the bus terminal resistance is switched, the rocket takes off and the rocket-to-ground dropout connector is disconnected.

[0064] When the third preset state is the terminal resistance switching during the rocket stage separation process,

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a primary terminal resistance switching module 200b and a secondary terminal resistance switching module 200c. In the case of a third preset state, the secondary terminal resistance switching module 200c is connected, the primary terminal resistance switching module 200b is disconnected, the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the secondary terminal resistance switching module 200c are in a normally closed state, and the first relay pin 2011, the second relay pin 2012, the fifth relay pin 2031 and the sixth relay pin 2032 of the primary terminal resistance switching module 200b are in a normally open state. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes. The secondary terminal device 600 (also represented as RT n+1 -RT x , used for rocket secondary bus terminals).

[0066] The secondary terminal device 600 is electrically connected to the first channel. Exemplarily, the secondary terminal device 600 is electrically connected to the first channel 101 via a fifth coupling circuit 903b. The fifth coupling circuit 903b may include an inductor and two resistors. The inductor of the fifth coupling circuit 903b is positioned opposite the inductor of the secondary terminal device 600 to achieve a coupled electrical connection.

[0067] The secondary terminal device 600 is electrically connected to the second channel. Exemplarily, the secondary terminal device 600 is electrically connected to the second channel 102 via a sixth coupling circuit 903a. The sixth coupling circuit 903a may include an inductor and two resistors. The inductor of the sixth coupling circuit 903a is positioned opposite the inductor of the secondary terminal device 600 to achieve a coupled electrical connection.

[0068] The first loop includes the first terminal resistor 202 and the third terminal resistor 103 of the secondary terminal resistor switching module 200c. The second loop includes the second terminal resistor 204 and the fourth terminal resistor 104 of the secondary terminal resistor switching module 200c. The separation connector 800 between the primary terminal resistor switching module 200b and the secondary terminal resistor switching module 200c is disconnected. In this way, before the rocket is about to separate from the stage, the flight control computer sends an optocoupler-MOS relay disconnection instruction to the primary terminal resistor switching module 200b in sequence, and simultaneously sends an optocoupler-MOS relay closing instruction to the secondary terminal resistor switching module 200c. At this time, the primary terminal device (i.e., the rocket's first-stage RT terminal device) exits the 1553B bus connection. On the bus, the terminal resistor is composed of the first terminal resistor 202 and the third terminal resistor 103 of the secondary terminal resistor switching module 200c, the second terminal resistor 204 and the fourth terminal resistor 104 of the secondary terminal resistor switching module 200c. After the bus terminal resistor switching is realized, the rocket stages are separated and the stage separation connectors are separated.

[0069] The embodiment of the present application provides a 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay, which avoids the problem of switching function failure, has circuit short-circuit protection function, and is free of electromagnetic interference. The above measures can greatly improve the reliability of reusable carrier rocket launch missions, and realize intelligence and miniaturization, and can detect the bus working status and locate faults in real time.

[0070] The present application provides a method for intelligently switching terminal resistors of a 1553B bus based on an optocoupler-MOS relay. The method includes:

[0071] S1, electrically connects each terminal resistor switching module to the 1533B bus and the flight control computer.

[0072] The terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller.

[0073] The 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor provided in the first channel, a second channel, and a fourth terminal resistor provided in the second channel.

[0074] The first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin, and a fourth relay pin.

[0075] The second optocoupler-MOS relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, and an eighth relay pin.

[0076] The input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor, and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop. The first loop includes a third terminal resistor.

[0077] The input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor, and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop. The second loop includes a fourth terminal resistor.

[0078] The third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0079] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the flight control computer.

[0080] A separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules, and is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first circuit and the second circuit.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0082] Furthermore, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices recited in a device claim may also be implemented by a single unit or device through software or hardware. Terms such as "first" and "second" are used to indicate names and do not imply any particular order.

Claims

1. A 1553B bus terminal resistor intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay, characterized in that: include: 1533B bus and multiple terminal resistance switching modules; each of the terminal resistance switching modules is electrically connected to the 1533B bus and the flight control computer; Wherein, the terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller; The 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor arranged in the first channel, a second channel, and a fourth terminal resistor arranged in the second channel; The first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin, and a fourth relay pin; The second optocoupler-MOS relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, and an eighth relay pin; The input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor, and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop; the first loop includes the third terminal resistor; The input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor, and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop; the second loop includes the fourth terminal resistor; The third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller; The microcontroller is electrically connected to the flight control computer; A separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules; the separation connector is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first circuit and the second circuit.

2. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The terminal resistance switching module further includes: a driving circuit; The third relay pin and the fourth relay pin are electrically connected to the microcontroller through the drive circuit to control the on and off of the first optocoupler-MOS relay; the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are electrically connected to the microcontroller through the drive circuit to control the on and off of the second optocoupler-MOS relay.

3. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The terminal resistance switching module further includes: a sampling circuit; The sampling circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller to transmit the bus current parameter to the microcontroller.

4. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The terminal resistance switching module also includes: a communication interface circuit and a power supply circuit; The flight control computer, the communication interface circuit and the microcontroller are electrically connected in sequence, so that the microcontroller communicates with the onboard flight control computer to receive control instructions and feedback status data; The external power supply, the power supply circuit and the microcontroller are electrically connected in sequence.

5. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a ground terminal resistance switching module, a primary terminal resistance switching module and a secondary terminal resistance switching module. In the case of a first preset state, the ground terminal resistance switching module is turned on, the primary terminal resistance switching module and the secondary terminal resistance switching module are both disconnected, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the ground terminal resistance switching module are in a normally closed state, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the primary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state, and the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the secondary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state; The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes: ground terminal equipment; The ground terminal device is electrically connected to the first channel; the ground terminal device is electrically connected to the second channel; The first loop includes the first terminal resistor and the third terminal resistor of the ground terminal resistor switching module; the second loop includes the second terminal resistor and the fourth terminal resistor of the ground terminal resistor switching module.

6. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a ground terminal resistance switching module, a primary terminal resistance switching module and a secondary terminal resistance switching module. In the case of the second preset state, the primary terminal resistance switching module is turned on, the ground terminal resistance switching module and the secondary terminal resistance switching module are both disconnected, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the primary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally closed state, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the ground terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state, and the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the secondary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state; The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes: a primary terminal device; The first-level terminal device is electrically connected to the first channel; the first-level terminal device is electrically connected to the second channel; The first loop includes the first terminal resistor and the third terminal resistor of the first-level terminal resistor switching module; the second loop includes the second terminal resistor and the fourth terminal resistor of the first-level terminal resistor switching module; The separation connector between the ground terminal resistance switching module and the primary terminal resistance switching module is disconnected.

7. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multiple terminal resistance switching modules include a primary terminal resistance switching module and a secondary terminal resistance switching module. In the case of a third preset state, the secondary terminal resistance switching module is turned on, the primary terminal resistance switching module is turned off, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the secondary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally closed state, and the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the fifth relay pin and the sixth relay pin of the primary terminal resistance switching module are in a normally open state; The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay also includes: a secondary terminal device; The secondary terminal device is electrically connected to the first channel; The secondary terminal device is electrically connected to the second channel; The first loop includes the first terminal resistor and the third terminal resistor of the secondary terminal resistor switching module; the second loop includes the second terminal resistor and the fourth terminal resistor of the secondary terminal resistor switching module; The separation connector between the primary terminal resistance switching module and the secondary terminal resistance switching module is disconnected.

8. The 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching system based on optocoupler-MOS relay according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The microcontroller is configured to calculate heat according to an overcurrent protection curve algorithm to obtain a bus working status result.

9. A 1553B bus terminal resistance intelligent switching method based on optocoupler-MOS relay, characterized in that: include: Each terminal resistor switching module is electrically connected to the 1533B bus and the flight control computer; Wherein, the terminal resistance switching module includes a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor and a microcontroller; The 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor arranged in the first channel, a second channel, and a fourth terminal resistor arranged in the second channel; The first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin, and a fourth relay pin; The second optocoupler-MOS relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, and an eighth relay pin; The input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor, and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop; the first loop includes the third terminal resistor; The input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor, and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop; the second loop includes the fourth terminal resistor; The third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller; The microcontroller is electrically connected to the flight control computer; A separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules; the separation connector is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first circuit and the second circuit.

10. A terminal resistor switching module electrically connected to a 1533B bus and a microcontroller, wherein the 1533B bus includes a first channel, a third terminal resistor arranged in the first channel, a second channel, and a fourth terminal resistor arranged in the second channel, characterized in that: include: a first optocoupler-MOS relay, a first terminal resistor, a second optocoupler-MOS relay, a second terminal resistor, and a microcontroller; The first optocoupler-MOS relay includes a first relay pin, a second relay pin, a third relay pin, and a fourth relay pin; The second optocoupler-MOS relay includes a fifth relay pin, a sixth relay pin, a seventh relay pin, and an eighth relay pin; The input of the first channel, the first relay pin, the second relay pin, the first terminal resistor, and the output of the first channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a first loop; the first loop includes the third terminal resistor; The input of the second channel, the fifth relay pin, the sixth relay pin, the second terminal resistor, and the output of the second channel are electrically connected in sequence to form a second loop; the second loop includes the fourth terminal resistor; The third relay pin, the fourth relay pin, the seventh relay pin and the eighth relay pin are all electrically connected to the microcontroller; A separation connector is provided between two adjacent terminal resistance switching modules; the separation connector is used to realize the connection and disconnection of the first circuit and the second circuit.

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