High refractive index glass containing boron oxide

Abstract

The glass composition includes, as essential components, one or more of tungsten oxide (WO3), boron oxide (B2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and may optionally include yttrium oxide (Y2O3), barium oxide (BaO), calcium oxide (CaO), antimony oxide (Sb2O3), phosphorus oxide (P2O5), lead oxide (PbO), germanium oxide (GeO2), and other components. The glass composition is characterized by a high refractive index and a high transmittance in the blue light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority of Netherlands Patent Application No. 2034604, filed on April 18, 2023, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 447,193, filed on February 21, 2023, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to borate and borosilicate glasses having high refractive index and low density. Background Art

[0003] Glass is used in a variety of optical devices, examples of which include augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, eyewear, and more. Desirable properties for this type of glass typically include a high refractive index and low density. Additional desirable properties may include high transmittance and / or low optical dispersion in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Finding a glass with the ideal combination of these properties, while also being formed from a composition with good glass-forming properties, can be challenging. For example, generally speaking, as the refractive index of glass increases, its density also tends to increase. Materials such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added to increase the refractive index of glass without increasing its density. However, these materials typically absorb blue and UV light, which can unduly reduce the glass's transmittance for light in these spectral regions. Typically, attempting to increase the refractive index of glass while maintaining a low density without reducing transmittance in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum can result in a decrease in the material's glass-forming properties. For example, during cooling of a glass melt at generally accepted cooling rates within the industry, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid phase separation may occur. Typically, a decrease in glass-forming ability manifests itself as an increase in the amount of certain substances (eg, ZrO2, Y2O3, Sc2O3, BeO, etc.).

[0004] Low-density, high-refractive-index glasses generally fall into one of two chemical systems based on the glass formers used: (a) borosilicate or borosilicate glasses, in which SiO2 and / or B2O3 are used as the primary glass formers; and (b) phosphate glasses, in which P2O5 is used as the primary glass former. Glasses that rely on other oxides as primary glass formers (e.g., GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and V2O5) can be challenging to use due to cost, glass-forming ability, optical properties, and / or production requirements.

[0005] Phosphate glasses can be characterized by a high refractive index and low density; however, they can be difficult to produce due to the risk of volatilization of P2O5 in the melt and / or platinum incompatibility. Furthermore, phosphate glasses are often highly colored and may require additional bleaching steps to provide glass with desirable transmittance characteristics. Furthermore, phosphate glasses exhibiting a high refractive index also tend to have increased optical dispersion.

[0006] Borosilicate and borosilicate glasses are generally easier to produce and, in some cases, can exhibit high transmittance without a bleaching step. However, compared to phosphate glasses, borosilicate and borosilicate glasses generally exhibit an increase in density as the refractive index increases.

[0007] In view of these considerations, there is a need for borate and borosilicate glasses with high refractive index, low density, and high blue light transmittance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a glass includes a plurality of components, wherein the glass has a composition including the following components: greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% ZrO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% % La2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% PbO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% GeO2, greater than or equal to 0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.12 mol.% Bi2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% RE m O n , the sum of B2O3+SiO2 is greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from CaO, BaO, ZnO, Na2O, WO3, Al2O3, Li2O, TeO2, K2O, SrO and MgO, wherein the composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: 0≤min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2)[mol.%]≤10, and the glass satisfies the following conditions: 2.092≤P n ≤2.25 and P ν <28, where P νis the dispersion parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXI):

[0009]

[0010] P n is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXIII):

[0011]

[0012] Among them, RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n and the concentration of TiO2 (in mol%), and asterisks (*) indicate multiplication.

[0013] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a glass comprising a plurality of components, wherein the glass has a composition comprising the following components: greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% SiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% PbO, greater than or equal to 0.0E+00 at.% and less than or equal to 5.0E-03 at.% Cu+Co, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol.% RE m O n %, the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, the sum of R2O+RO is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni is greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from ZrO2, WO3, Al2O3, Bi2O3, GeO2 and TeO2, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: P n >1.8 and P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, where P nis the refractive index parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXIII):

[0014]

[0015] P Q420 is a transmittance evaluation parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXII):

[0016]

[0017] Among them, RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(0,Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O) means the maximum value between zero and the difference (Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O), “exp” means exponential function, “ln” means natural logarithm, and an asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0018] Those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate these and other aspects, objects, and features of the present disclosure after studying the following specification, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is the parameter n used to estimate the refractive index at 365 nm. 365,est Graph showing the correlation between the measured values ​​of the refractive index at 365 nm and the measured values ​​of the refractive index at 365 nm.

[0020] Figure 2a is a graph showing the total transmittance (expressed as a percentage) in the visible and UV ranges for some exemplary glasses prepared under different processing conditions.

[0021] Figure 2b Is displayed -ln(k λ ) on the inverse of the wavelength.

[0022] Figure 2c yes Figure 2b The graph shown in is a zoomed in view of the UV range.

[0023] Figure 3 It shows the internal transmittance at 460nm wavelength and the blue light transmittance property Q 420 A graph of the correlation between .

[0024] Figure 4 is a graph showing the Abbe numbers ν of some comparative glasses and some exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.d and the dispersion parameter P calculated by formula (XXI) ν A graph showing the relationship between .

[0025] Figure 5 is a graph showing the blue light transmittance properties Q of some comparative glasses and some exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 420 The transmittance evaluation parameter P calculated by formula (XXII) Q420 A graph showing the relationship between .

[0026] Figure 6 is a graph showing the refractive index n of some comparative glasses and some exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. d The refractive index parameter P calculated by formula (XXIII) n A graph showing the relationship between .

[0027] Figure 7 is a graph showing the refractive index parameters P of some comparative glasses and some exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. n and transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 A graph showing the relationship between .

[0028] Figure 8 is a graph showing the refractive index n of some comparative glasses and some exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure at 587.56 nm. d and blue light transmittance property Q 420 A graph showing the relationship between . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In the following detailed description, for the purpose of explanation rather than limitation, exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the various principles of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure that the disclosure may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from the specific details disclosed herein. In addition, descriptions of well-known devices, methods, and materials may be omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the various principles of the present disclosure. Finally, wherever applicable, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

[0030] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is not intended that any method described herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Therefore, to the extent that a method solution does not actually list an order in which its steps are to be followed, or that the steps are not otherwise specifically stated in the solution or description to be limited to a specific order, no order is in any way intended to be inferred. This applies to any possible non-express basis for interpretation, including (but not limited to) logical issues regarding the arrangement of steps or operational flow; simple meaning derived from grammatical organization or punctuation; or the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0031] As used herein, the term "and / or," when used in connection with a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items may be employed alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition may contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0032] Those skilled in the art and those who make or use the present disclosure may conceive of modifications to the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined by the appended claims interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law (including the doctrine of equivalents).

[0033] As used herein, the term "about" means that amount, size, formulation, parameter and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and / or larger or smaller as needed, thereby reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, etc. and other factors known to those skilled in the art. When the value or endpoint of a range is described using the term "about", the disclosure is understood to include the specific value or endpoint mentioned. Regardless of whether the numerical value or endpoint of a range in the specification refers to "about", the numerical value or endpoint of the range is expected to include two embodiments: one modified by "about" and one not modified by "about". It should be further understood that the endpoint of each range is meaningful regardless of whether it is related to or not related to another endpoint.

[0034] The term "component" refers to a material or compound included in the composition of the batch material from which the glass is formed. Components include oxides, including but not limited to those represented in formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) and in the technical schemes. Representative components include B2O3, P2O5, Al2O3, CuO, Cu2O, RO, R2O, SnO2, MnO2, RE m O n, SiO2, Ta2O5, ZnO, WO3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, Bi2O3, TeO2, etc. Other representative components include halogens (e.g., F, Br, Cl). Whenever a component is included as a term in a mathematical expression or formula, it is understood that the component refers to the amount of the component in mol.% in the batch composition of the glass. For example, the expression "B2O3 + PO5" refers to the sum of the amount of B2O3 in mol.% and the amount of PO5 in mol.% in the batch composition of the glass. A mathematical expression or formula is any expression or formula that includes mathematical operators such as "+", "-", "*", " / ", "min", or "max".

[0035] Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts or contents of components in the batch composition of the glass are expressed herein in units of mol. % (mole percent).

[0036] The term "formed from" can mean one or more of comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of. For example, a component formed from a particular material can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the particular material.

[0037] The terms "free" and "substantially free" are used interchangeably herein to refer to the amount and / or absence of a particular component of a glass composition that was not intentionally added to the glass composition. It should be understood that the glass composition may contain trace amounts of a particular constituent component as a contaminant or tramp, in an amount less than 0.10 mol%.

[0038] As used herein, the term "impurity," when used to describe a particular constituent in a glass composition, refers to a constituent that is not intentionally added to the glass composition and is present in an amount less than 0.10 mol%. The impurity constituent may be unintentionally present in the glass composition as an impurity derived from another constituent and / or by migrating into the composition during processing of the glass composition.

[0039] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "glass" is used to refer to glass prepared from the glass compositions disclosed herein.

[0040] The symbol "*" when used in any formula herein means multiplication.

[0041] When used in mathematical expressions, the term "ln" means natural logarithm.

[0042] Temperatures are expressed herein in degrees Celsius.

[0043] Density is expressed in g / cm 3 Indicated as a unit.

[0044] The term "glass former" is used herein to refer to the only components present in a glass composition (ie, no other components, except impurities) that are capable of forming a glass upon cooling the melt at a rate of no greater than 300°C / min.

[0045] As used herein, the term "modifier" refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., RO or RO, where "R" represents a cation. Modifiers can be added to a glass composition to alter the atomic structure of the melt and resulting glass. In some embodiments, the modifier can change the coordination number of the cations present in the glass former (e.g., boron in B2O3), which can result in the formation of a more cohesive atomic network and, therefore, provide better glass formation.

[0046] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total content of divalent metal oxides, the term "RO" refers to the total content of monovalent metal oxides, and the term "AlkO" refers to the total content of alkali metal oxides. The term RO encompasses alkali metal oxides (AlkO) as well as other monovalent metal oxides, such as AgO, TlO, and HgO. As discussed below, in the present disclosure, rare earth metal oxides are referred to herein by their standardized formula (REO), wherein the redox state of the rare earth metal, RE, is "3," and thus rare earth metal oxides are not encompassed by the term RO.

[0047] As used herein, the term "rare earth metal" refers to the metals listed in the lanthanide series of the IUPAC periodic table, as well as yttrium and scandium. As used herein, the term "rare earth metal oxide" is used to refer to oxides of rare earth metals in different redox states, such as lanthanum in La2O3 with a redox state of "+3", cerium in CeO2 with a redox state of "+4", europium in EuO with a redox state of "+2", etc. Typically, the redox state of the rare earth metal in the glass can vary based on the batch composition and / or redox conditions in the furnace for glass melting and / or heat treatment (e.g., annealing), and more specifically, the redox state can vary during the melting process. Unless otherwise noted, rare earth metal oxides are referred to herein with their standardized formulas, wherein the redox state of the rare earth metal is "+3". Therefore, when a rare earth metal with a redox state other than "+3" is added to the glass composition batch, the glass composition is recalculated by adding or removing some oxygen elements to maintain stoichiometry. For example, when CeO2 (wherein the redox state of cerium is "+4") is used as a batch component, the resulting batch composition will be recalculated assuming that two moles of CeO2 are equivalent to one mole of Ce2O3, and the resulting batch composition will be expressed in terms of Ce2O3. As used herein, the term "RE m O n" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in all redox states, and the term "RE2O3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the "+3" redox state, also designated as "trivalent equivalents".

[0048] Unless otherwise indicated, all compositions are expressed as batch mole percentages (mol%). As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various melt components (e.g., fluorine, alkali metals, boron, etc.) may undergo varying levels of volatilization during melting of the components (e.g., as a function of vapor pressure, melting time, and / or melting temperature). Therefore, when measuring the final product compared to the batch compositions provided herein, the term "about" with respect to such components is intended to encompass values ​​within about 0.2 mol%. In view of the foregoing, substantial compositional equivalence is expected between the final product and the batch compositions.

[0049] Where fluorine or other halogens (chlorine, bromine and / or iodine) are added to or present in an oxide glass, the molecular representation of the resulting glass composition can be expressed in different ways. In this disclosure, the fluorine content (when present) as a single term is expressed as an atomic percentage (at.%), which is determined based on the fraction of fluorine in the sum of all atoms in the glass composition multiplied by a factor of 100.

[0050] In this disclosure, the following methods are used to express fluorine-containing compositions and concentration ranges. All concentration limits for oxides (e.g., SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, etc.) are based on the assumption that the corresponding cations (e.g., Si[Si4 + ], Boron [B3 + ], sodium [Na + ], etc.) are initially given as the corresponding oxides. When fluorine is present, some of the oxygen in the oxide is equivalently replaced by fluorine (i.e., one oxygen atom is replaced by two atoms of fluorine) for the purpose of calculating the concentrations of the components of the composition. The fluorine is assumed to be in the form of silicon fluoride (SiF4); therefore, the sum of all oxides plus SiF4 is assumed to be 100 mole percent in all compositions.

[0051] After cooling from the melt to room temperature in air, the glass transition temperature (T) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K / min. g ).

[0052] The measured density values ​​of the glasses reported in this paper are in g / cm2 using the Archimedes method in water at room temperature. 3 The unit of measurement is 0.001g / cm 3 As used herein, density measurements at room temperature (designated as d RT) are expressed as measured at 20°C or 25°C and encompass measurements obtained at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C. It is understood that room temperature can vary between about 20°C and about 25°C, however, for the purposes of this disclosure, it is contemplated that the density variation within the temperature range of 20°C to 25°C is less than 0.001 g / cm 3 The error is small and therefore is not expected to affect the room temperature density measurements reported in this paper.

[0053] As used herein, good glass forming ability refers to the resistance of a melt to devitrification as the material cools. Glass forming ability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the melt. As used herein, the term "critical cooling rate" or "critical cooling rate" is used to refer to the resistance of a melt to devitrification as the material cools. cr "Critical Cooling Rate" refers to the minimum cooling rate at which a melt of a given composition forms a glass containing no visible crystals under an optical microscope at 500× magnification. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, that is, the ability of a melt of a given batch composition to form glass upon cooling. Generally speaking, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability of the batch composition.

[0054] The term "liquidus temperature" (T liq ) is used herein to refer to the temperature at which the glass composition is completely liquid and the constituent components of the glass have not crystallized. The liquidus temperature values ​​reported herein were obtained by measuring the sample using DSC or by isothermal holding of the sample wrapped in platinum foil. For the samples measured using DSC, the powdered sample was heated to 1250°C at 10 K / min. The end of the endothermic event corresponding to the melting of the crystals was taken as the liquidus temperature. For the second technique (isothermal holding), a glass block (approximately 1 cm 3 ) were wrapped in platinum foil to prevent volatilization and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 17 hours. The glass blocks were then observed under an optical microscope to examine the crystals.

[0055] Unless otherwise stated, the refractive index values ​​reported herein were measured at room temperature. The refractive index values ​​of the glass samples were measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism-coupled refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using Metricon, the refractive index of the glass samples was measured at multiple wavelengths, including approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The measured dependence characterizes the dispersion, which is then fit using Cauchy's law equation or the Sellmeier equation to allow calculation of the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest between the measured wavelengths. The term "refractive index n d ” or “n d” is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, which corresponds to the helium d-line wavelength. The term “refractive index n C ” is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 656.3 nm. The term “refractive index n F ” is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. The term “refractive index n g ” is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 435.8 nm. The term “refractive index n 632.8 ” or “n 632.8 ” is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 632.80 nm. The term “refractive index n 365 ” or “n 365 ” is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 365.00 nm.

[0056] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "high refractive index" or "high index" refers to a glass having a refractive index value n d Greater than or equal to at least 1.90. Where specified, the term "high refractive index" or "high index" embodiments refer to glasses having a refractive index value greater than or equal to at least 1.95, greater than or equal to 2.00, or greater than or equal to 2.05. The term "low refractive index" or "low index" refers to glasses having a refractive index value n d Less than 1.90.

[0057] The terms "dispersion" and "optical dispersion" are used interchangeably and refer to the difference or ratio of the refractive indices of a glass sample at a predetermined wavelength. One numerical measure of optical dispersion reported herein is the Abbe number, which can be calculated by the following formula: x =(n x -1) / (n F -n C ), where "x" in this disclosure represents one of the commonly used wavelengths (e.g., ν d 587.56nm [d line] or 589.3nm [D line] of ν), n x is the refractive index at the wavelength (e.g., ν d n d and ν D n D ), and n F and nC ν are the refractive indices at wavelengths of 486.1 nm (F line) and 656.3 nm (C line). d and ν D The values ​​of ν and ν differ very little, mainly between ±0.1% and ±0.2%. As reported in this paper, the dispersion of glass samples is determined by the Abbe number (ν d ) indicates that it characterizes the relationship between the refractive index of the sample at three different wavelengths according to the following formula: d =(n d -1) / (n F -n C ), where n d is the calculated refractive index at 587.56 nm (d-line), n F is the calculated refractive index at 486.1 nm, and n C is the calculated refractive index at 656.3 nm. A higher Abbe number corresponds to a lower optical dispersion.

[0058] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "internal transmittance" or τ int Used to refer to the transmittance of a glass sample corrected for Fresnel losses. The term "total transmittance" or τ total Used to refer to transmittance values ​​that have not been corrected for Fresnel losses. The term “τ int,d ” and “τ total,d ” are used to refer to the internal transmittance and total transmittance of a sample with a thickness of d, respectively, where d is expressed in mm and corresponds to the path length of the optical signal through the sample. The term “τ int,d,λ ” and “τ total,d,λ ” are used to refer to the internal transmittance τ at wavelength λ int,d and total transmittance τ total,d , where the wavelength λ is expressed in nm. Unless otherwise stated, τ int , τ total , τ int,d , τ total,d , τ int,d,λ and τ total,d,λThe total transmittance of the glass samples was measured on an absolute basis rather than a percentage basis on samples 1 to 10 mm thick using a Cary 5000 spectrometer at wavelengths from 250 nm to 800 nm with a resolution of 1 nm and using an integrating sphere. The internal transmittance between 310 nm and 800 nm was calculated using the measured refractive index and the measured total transmittance, as discussed more fully below. For convenience, the internal transmittance and the total transmittance may be reported herein on a percentage basis, with the range of values ​​extending from 0% to 100%. The absolute transmittance, also referred to herein as the transmittance on an absolute basis, is obtained by dividing the percentage transmittance by 100.

[0059] In this paper, the light absorption coefficient k at a specific wavelength λ is used λ To characterize the intensity reduction of light of wavelength λ due to absorption when passing through a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. For any sample with a thickness d, the light absorption coefficient k λ It can be determined by the following Beer-Lambert law:

[0060] I=I0*exp(-k λ *(d / 10)), (I)

[0061] Where I is the intensity of light transmitted through the glass sample, I0 is the incident light intensity, d is the sample thickness in mm, "10" is the conversion factor from mm to cm and is in mm / cm, and "exp" represents the exponential function. The light absorption coefficient k is in cm. -1 .

[0062] The ratio I / I0 in formula (I) refers to the internal transmittance τ on an absolute basis at wavelength λ for a sample with thickness d int,d,λ Therefore, the light absorption coefficient k λ The internal transmittance τ at wavelength λ can be expressed as int,d,λ It is expressed as follows:

[0063] k λ =-ln(τ int,d,λ / (d / 10)), (II)

[0064] Where "ln" represents the natural logarithm. For a sample with a thickness of 10 mm, k λ The value of the internal transmittance τ int,10,λ The calculation is as follows:

[0065] k λ =-ln(τ int,10,λ ), (III)

[0066] For a given material, such as optical glass, the light absorption coefficient kλ is a function of the wavelength λ. In principle, this dependence may have a complex mathematical form. However, for the purposes of this disclosure, it has been empirically determined that −ln(k λ ) is very close to a linear mathematical form as a function of the inverse wavelength in the selected UV wavelength range. In particular, in the selected UV wavelength range, it is found that -ln(k λ ) is very close to the quantity Q calculated as a function of wavelength λ by formula (IV):

[0067]

[0068] Among them A UV and B UV is an empirical coefficient that can be measured or calculated from the linear wavelength range in the UV -ln(k λ ) is evaluated by a linear best fit of the wavelength dependence of λ The following describes the determination of coefficient A for selected exemplary glasses of the present disclosure. UV and B UV A specific instance of a value.

[0069] ln(k λ ) decreases as the internal transmittance increases. For ease of discussion in this disclosure, refer to -ln(k λ ), which is the amount of change in the same direction as the light transmittance of the material, i.e. -ln(k λ ) increases as internal transmittance increases. In the wavelength and thickness ranges of interest for the exemplary glasses of the present disclosure, including the UV and visible ranges, -ln(k λ ) typically varies from about -5 to about +5.

[0070] The glass composition may include boron oxide (BO). According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, boron oxide may act as a glass former. As a glass former, BO may increase the liquidus viscosity and thereby inhibit crystallization. However, the addition of BO to the glass composition may result in liquid-liquid phase separation, which may result in devitrification of the glass and / or a reduction in visible light transmittance. In addition, the addition of BO to high refractive index glass reduces the refractive index. Therefore, the amount of boron oxide is limited. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain boron oxide (BO) in an amount of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 16.75 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in an amount less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 24.0 mol%, less than or equal to 23.0 mol%, less than or equal to 21.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.5 mol% and less than or equal to 24.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 16.75 mol% and less than or equal to 23.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.18 mol% and less than or equal to 21.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0. % and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 15.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% B2O3.

[0071] The glass composition may include silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon dioxide can act as a glass former. Silicon dioxide, along with B2O3, can help increase liquidus viscosity (viscosity at the liquidus temperature) and thus inhibit crystallization. However, adding SiO2 to the glass composition may cause liquid-liquid phase separation, which can lead to devitrification of the glass and / or reduce transmittance. Moreover, SiO2 is a low-refractive-index component, making it difficult to obtain glass with a high refractive index. Therefore, the SiO2 content is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of SiO2. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain silicon dioxide (SiO2) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO2 in an amount less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%.

[0072] The glass composition may include phosphorus oxide (PO) as an additional glass former. Greater amounts of PO can increase the melt viscosity at a certain temperature, which can inhibit crystallization from the melt upon cooling and thus improve the glass-forming ability of the melt (i.e., reduce the critical cooling rate of the melt). However, PO significantly reduces the refractive index. Furthermore, in some cases, PO may stimulate liquid-liquid phase separation, which may result in crystallization of the glass-forming melt upon cooling and / or loss of transmittance. Therefore, the amount of PO is limited, or the glass may be free of PO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain phosphorus oxide (PO) in an amount of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain PO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 24.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 26.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 28.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain PO in an amount less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 28.0 mol%, less than or equal to 26.0 mol%, less than or equal to 24.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 24.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 26.0 mol.%.

[0073] The glass composition may include germanium oxide (GeO2). Germanium oxide (GeO2) provides an excellent ratio between refractive index and density without reducing transmittance. However, germanium oxide is expensive. Therefore, the content of germanium oxide is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of GeO2. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain germanium oxide (GeO2) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in an amount less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.0 mol.%.

[0074] The glass composition may have a limit on the amount of rare earth metal oxide. Rare earth metal oxides added to the glass composition of the present disclosure provide a high refractive index. However, when the total concentration of rare earth metal oxides is too high, crystallization of refractory minerals from the glass-forming melt may occur, resulting in devitrification of the melt. Therefore, the content of rare earth metal oxides is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of RE. m O n .

[0075] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain a rare earth metal oxide RE in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%. m O nIn some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain a rare earth metal oxide RE in an amount less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 28.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%. m O n In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain a rare earth metal oxide RE in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol%. m O n .

[0076] The glass composition may include lanthanum oxide (La2O3). Lanthanum oxide is an inexpensive component for increasing the refractive index and has no significant transmittance loss in the visible light range. La2O3 can also reduce the risk of phase separation. However, La2O3 tends to increase the density of the glass to a greater extent than other high refractive index components (such as TiO2, Nb2O5 or WO3). In addition, when added in large quantities, it may cause crystallization of refractory materials such as lanthanum disilicate (La2Si2O7), lanthanum zirconate (La2ZrO5), etc., and thus reduce the glass forming ability. For this reason, the content of La2O3 is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of La2O3. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain lanthanum oxide (La2O3) in an amount of: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain La2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 17.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 17.4 mol.%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 29.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 34.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 39.5 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain La2O3 in an amount less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 39.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 34.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 29.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 28.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 23.25 mol.%, less than or equal to 23.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 19.1 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 17.0 mol% and less than or equal to 23.25 mol%, greater than or equal to 17.44 mol% and less than or equal to 19.14 mol%, greater than or equal to 17.5 mol% and less than or equal to 23.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 19.1 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 19.1 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 17.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 19.1 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 17.4 mol%. % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 28.0 mol%.

[0077] The glass composition may include yttrium oxide (Y2O3). Yttrium oxide provides a high refractive index at a lower density than other rare earth metal oxides (such as La2O3, Gd2O3, etc.) without causing a loss of visible light transmittance. However, the addition of Y2O3 may cause crystallization of refractory minerals, such as yttrium zirconate Y2ZrO5, yttrium niobate YNbO4, etc., and thus reduce the glass forming ability. For this reason, the content of Y2O3 is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of Y2O3. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain yttrium oxide (Y2O3) in an amount of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 29.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 34.5 mol%, or greater than or equal to 39.5 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in an amount less than or equal to 44.5 mol%, less than or equal to 39.5 mol%, less than or equal to 34.5 mol%, less than or equal to 29.5 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 1.6 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.1 mol%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.07 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.1 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.1 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.8 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.8 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.1 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.5 mol.%.

[0078] The glass composition may include a divalent metal oxide (RO). In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain a divalent metal oxide (RO) in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain a divalent metal oxide (RO) in an amount less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain RO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%.

[0079] The glass composition may include lead oxide (PbO). Lead oxide provides a high refractive index, but also significantly increases density. Furthermore, PbO may pose ecological concerns. For this reason, the PbO content is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of PbO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain lead oxide (PbO) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain PbO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain PbO in an amount less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 0.1 mol.%, or less than or equal to 0.05 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain PbO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.1 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.05 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 8.0 mol% and less than or equal to 9.0 mol%.

[0080] The glass composition may include barium oxide (BaO). Barium oxide can increase the solubility of high-refractive index components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, which can indirectly lead to a further increase in refractive index at relatively low densities. However, barium oxide itself may increase the density of the glass. In addition, at high concentrations, it may cause crystallization of minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) and barium niobate (BaNb2O6). Therefore, the amount of BaO is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of BaO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain barium oxide (BaO) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 2.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 1.8 mol.%, or less than or equal to 1.5 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.13 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.54 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.5 mol.%.

[0081] The glass composition may include calcium oxide (CaO). Of the known monovalent and divalent metal oxides, calcium oxide provides the highest ratio of refractive index to density for the glass. Furthermore, in some embodiments, CaO may help increase the solubility of Nb2O5 and TiO2, which further helps increase the refractive index at relatively low densities. However, if the amount of CaO in the glass is too high, it may cause crystallization of refractory materials such as calcium titanate (CaTiO3, CaTi2O5, etc.), calcium niobate (CaNb2O6), calcium metasilicate (CaSiO3), etc., which may cause the glass to form melt crystals upon cooling. The amount of CaO is therefore limited, or the glass may be substantially free of CaO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain calcium oxide (CaO) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in an amount of less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, less than or equal to 1.5 mol%, less than or equal to 1.1 mol%, less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 0.5 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in an amount of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.1 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.03 mol% and less than or equal to 0.49 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol%.

[0082] The glass composition may include alkali metal oxides (Alk2O). Alkali metal oxides act as modifiers, potentially improving the stability of the glass-forming melt upon cooling and reheating. In addition, alkali metal oxides can increase the basicity of the melt, which can reduce undesirable coloration provided by other substances (such as oxides of bismuth, antimony, and iron). However, alkali metal oxides provide a low refractive index. In addition, in some cases, alkali metal oxides may cause crystallization or liquid-liquid phase separation of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, the content of alkali metal oxides is limited, or the glass composition may be substantially free of Alk2O. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain alkali metal oxide Alk2O in an amount less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Alk2O in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol.%.

[0083] The glass composition may include Cu and Co ("Cu+Co"). Cobalt and copper, whether intentionally introduced or present as impurities from other components, may provide undesirable coloration. Therefore, the content of Cu+Co is limited, or the glass composition may be substantially free of Cu+Co. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain Cu+Co in an amount of: greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% to less than or equal to 5.0 at.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Cu+Co in an amount less than or equal to 5.0 at.%, less than or equal to 2.5 at.%, or less than or equal to 0.005 at.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Cu+Co in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 0.005 at.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 5.0 at.%.

[0084] The glass composition may include antimony oxide (Sb2O3). Antimony oxide, like arsenic oxide, can act as a fining agent. Furthermore, it can prevent the reduction of TiO2 and Nb2O5, thereby improving blue light transmittance. However, at high concentrations, antimony oxide can impart undesirable coloration to the glass and can also cause crystallization of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, in some embodiments, the Sb2O3 content is limited, or the glass composition may be substantially free of antimony oxide. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain antimony oxide (Sb2O3) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Sb2O3 in an amount less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, less than or equal to 0.9 mol%, less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, less than or equal to 0.3 mol%, or less than or equal to 0.06 mol%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain Sb2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.9 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.3 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.01 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.06 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.06 mol.%.

[0085] The glass composition may include bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). Bi2O3 provides a high refractive index but results in an increased density. It may also reduce the viscosity of the melt at high temperatures, which may cause the melt to crystallize upon cooling. Therefore, the content of bismuth oxide is limited, or the glass composition may be free of Bi2O3. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) in an amount of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Bi2O3 in an amount less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 2.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 0.12 mol.%, or less than or equal to 0.05 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain Bi2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.12 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.05 mol.%.

[0086] The glass composition may include zirconium oxide (ZrO2). Zirconium oxide can increase the refractive index while maintaining a low density. ZrO2 can also increase the viscosity of the melt, which can inhibit the crystallization of the melt. ZrO2 does not introduce coloring into the glass in the visible and near-UV ranges, which can help maintain a high transmittance of the glass. However, a high concentration of zirconium oxide may cause crystallization of refractory minerals such as zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), yttrium zirconate (Y2ZrO5), etc., which may reduce the glass forming ability of the melt. Therefore, the content of zirconium oxide is limited, or the glass composition may not contain ZrO2. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain zirconium oxide (ZrO2) in an amount of: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.4 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 11.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 13.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO in an amount less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, less than or equal to 13.0 mol%, less than or equal to 11.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.5 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.6 mol%, less than or equal to 7.3 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 3.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 4.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 4.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.6 mol.%, greater than or equal to 6.99 mol.% and less than or equal to 7.29 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 3.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 4.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 7.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 7.3 mol.%.

[0087] The glass composition may include tungsten oxide (WO3). WO3 provides a high refractive index without significantly increasing density or causing undesirable coloration. In addition, adding WO3 to the glass composition can lower the liquidus temperature, which allows such glasses to be melted at lower temperatures, which in turn can increase the transmittance of such glasses. In addition, adding WO3 can lower the glass transition temperature, T g , which allows glass to be formed at lower temperatures. At high concentrations of WO3, the liquidus temperature tends to increase and the viscosity at the liquidus temperature decreases, making it difficult to avoid crystallization of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, the content of WO3 is limited, or the glass composition may contain no WO3. In an embodiment, the glass composition may contain tungsten oxide (WO3) in an amount of: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 32.0 mol.%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 17.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 21.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in an amount of less than or equal to 32.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 27.5 mol%, less than or equal to 26.5 mol%, less than or equal to 26.0 mol%, less than or equal to 22.1 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in an amount of greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 17.5 mol% and less than or equal to 27.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol% and less than or equal to 26.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol% and less than or equal to 26.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.99 mol% and less than or equal to 22.11 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 32. % and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 17.5 mol%. and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol%. and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%.

[0088] The glass composition may include titanium dioxide (TiO2). Levels of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5, which are typically used in glass to increase the refractive index, tend to reduce transmittance in the near-UV region and shift the UV cutoff to higher wavelengths. Therefore, the amount of TiO2 is limited, and in some cases the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO2. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain titanium dioxide (TiO2) in an amount ranging from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 28.5 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 13.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 22.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 24.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 26.5 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in an amount less than or equal to 28.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 28.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 28.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 26.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 24.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 22.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 22.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 22.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 12.85 mol% and less than or equal to 15.27 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30 .0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%.

[0089] The glass composition may include niobium oxide (Nb2O5). Niobium oxide can be used to increase the refractive index of the glass while maintaining a low density. However, niobium oxide can introduce a yellow tint to the glass and cannot be treated by bleaching, as can titanium dioxide, which can result in a loss of transmittance, particularly in the blue and UV ranges. Niobium oxide can cause crystallization and / or phase separation in the melt. Therefore, the amount of Nb2O5 is limited, and in some embodiments the glass may be substantially free of Nb2O5. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain niobium oxide (Nb2O5) in an amount from greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 15.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 16.4 mol.%, greater than or equal to 16.89 mol.%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 29.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 34.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 39.5 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in an amount less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 39.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 34.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 29.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 22.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 21.25 mol.%, less than or equal to 20.6 mol.%, less than or equal to 17.8 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.5 mol% and less than or equal to 21.25 mol%, greater than or equal to 16.4 mol% and less than or equal to 20.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 16.89 mol% and less than or equal to 17.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol%. % and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 17.8 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 17.8 mol%. %, greater than or equal to 16.4 mol%. % and less than or equal to 17.8 mol%.

[0090] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of B2O3+SiO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of B2O3+SiO2 less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 21.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 21.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 21.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 21.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% of B2O3+SiO2.

[0091] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of GeO2 + TeO2 less than or equal to 5.0 mol% or less than or equal to 2.5 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of GeO2 + TeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.5 mol%.

[0092] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Li2O+Na2O+KO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Li2O+Na2O+KO less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Li2O+Na2O+KO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%.

[0093] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO of less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%.

[0094] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 36.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 of less than or equal to 45.0 mol%, less than or equal to 44.5 mol%, less than or equal to 37.2 mol%, or less than or equal to 25.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a composition greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%., greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol%., greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol%., greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 37.2 mol%., or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%., greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4 % and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%. The sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 is 4.5 mol%., greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 37.2 mol%., or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%., greater than or equal to 25.0 mol% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol%., greater than or equal to 25.0 mol% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol%., or greater than or equal to 25.0 mol% and less than or equal to 37.2 mol%.

[0095] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5 + TiO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5 + TiO2 less than or equal to 45.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 25.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5 + TiO2 greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%.

[0096] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of RO + RO of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of RO + RO of less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of RO+RO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%.

[0097] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb of less than or equal to 0.03 at.%, less than or equal to 0.02 at.%, or less than or equal to 0.01 at.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb of greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 0.03 at.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 0.02 at.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 0.01 at.%.

[0098] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of V+Fe+Cr+Ni of less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, less than or equal to 0.5 at.%, or less than or equal to 0.05 at.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of V+Fe+Cr+Ni of greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 0.05 at.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 0.5 at.%.

[0099] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Y2O3+Gd2O3+Er2O3 of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Y2O3+Gd2O3+Er2O3 of less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Y2O3+Gd2O3+Er2O3 of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%.

[0100] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of ZrO2 + WO3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of ZrO2 + WO3 less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of ZrO2 + WO3 greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%.

[0101] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5) limit, where min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5) refers to RE m O n, TiO2, and Nb2O5 (in mol%). When a glass composition contains a large amount of rare earth metal oxides, titanium dioxide, and niobium oxide, it may precipitate minerals or solid solutions containing these oxides at high temperatures, such as lanthanum niobium titanate LaNbTiO6, which may increase the liquidus temperature and / or cause devitrification of the melt. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, min(RE m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5) are limited. In some embodiments, the glass may have a min(RE m O n In some other embodiments, the glass may have a min(RE m O n In some further embodiments, the glass may have a min(RE) greater than or equal to 0.000 mol.% and less than or equal to 18 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.000 mol.% and less than or equal to 10 mol.%. m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5) values.

[0102] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) limit, where min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n and TiO2 concentration (in mol %). When the glass composition contains a large amount of rare earth metal oxides, titanium dioxide and divalent metal oxides (such as alkaline earth metal oxides, zinc oxide, etc.), it may precipitate minerals or solid solutions containing these oxides at high temperatures, such as barium lanthanum titanate BaLa2TiO6, which may increase the liquidus temperature and / or cause devitrification of the melt. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) is limited. In some embodiments, the glass may have a min(RO,RE m O n In some other embodiments, the glass may have a min(RO,RE) value of less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%.m O n In some further embodiments, the glass may have a min(RO,RE) value greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol.%. m O n ,TiO2) value.

[0103] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the glass n d The glass may have a refractive index n greater than or equal to 1.80, greater than or equal to 1.90, greater than or equal to 2.05, greater than or equal to 2.092, greater than or equal to 2.095, greater than or equal to 2.10, greater than or equal to 2.15, or greater than or equal to 2.20. d In some other embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n less than or equal to 2.25, less than or equal to 2.20, less than or equal to 2.15, less than or equal to 2.12, less than or equal to 2.10, less than or equal to 2.05, or less than or equal to 1.90. d In some further embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.05 and less than or equal to 2.25, greater than or equal to 2.092 and less than or equal to 2.25, greater than or equal to 2.095 and less than or equal to 2.20, greater than or equal to 1.80 and less than or equal to 2.25, greater than or equal to 2.05 and less than or equal to 2.10, greater than or equal to 2.092 and less than or equal to 2.10. d .

[0104] In some embodiments, the Abbe number of the glass is d The glass may have an Abbe number v greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 15, greater than or equal to 20, greater than or equal to 22, greater than or equal to 24, or greater than or equal to 26. d In some other embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number v less than or equal to 28, less than or equal to 26, less than or equal to 25, less than or equal to 24, less than or equal to 23, less than or equal to 22, less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 5. dIn some further embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number v greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 28, greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 28, greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20, greater than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 28, greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 28. d .

[0105] In some embodiments, the density of glass at room temperature is RT Can be less than or equal to 6g / cm 3 .

[0106] In some embodiments, the glass may have a liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1150°C. liq .

[0107] In some embodiments, the glass may have a glass transition temperature T less than or equal to 700°C. g .

[0108] In some embodiments, the glass may have a blue light transmittance property Q greater than or equal to 0.000 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d ).

[0109] In some embodiments, the glass may have a blue light transmittance property Q greater than or equal to 0.000 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d ).

[0110] Refractive index estimation parameter n 365,est is a parameter that estimates the refractive index of glass at a wavelength of 365 nm and is calculated by the following formula (V):

[0111] n 365,est =0.0422+4.333*n F -3.369*n 531.9 (V)

[0112] where n F is the refractive index of glass at 486.13 nm, and n 531.9 is the refractive index of the glass at 531.9 nm. Formula (V) was derived by linear regression of data reported in a commercial optical glass catalog manufactured by Hoya Corporation. The catalog is available electronically from the official website of Hoya Corporation (see https: / / www.hoya-opticalworld.com / english / datadownload).

[0113] Refractive index estimation parameter n365,est The refractive index estimation parameter n is used to provide an estimated value of the refractive index of the exemplary glass of the present disclosure at a wavelength of 365 nm. 365,est It is also used to evaluate the internal transmittance of exemplary glasses in the ultraviolet (UV) range, as described below.

[0114] The exact refractive index of glass in the UV range may not be easy to measure directly with reliable accuracy, especially on samples of imperfect optical quality, such as samples containing some crystals, internal inhomogeneities (e.g., streaks), gas inclusions, or other defects. The uncertainty in the refractive index measurement introduced by such defects increases as the wavelength decreases. The refractive index of samples containing such defects can be accurately measured in the visible range, but not in the UV range. For a large number of exemplary glass samples with high refractive indices, it is difficult, expensive, and impractical to prepare optical glass samples with negligible levels of defects, and for evaluating the refractive index in the UV range. It is preferable to develop a model or correlation that allows an accurate estimation of the refractive index in the UV range from the exact value measured in the visible range, which is the wavelength range where defects have the least impact on the accuracy of refractive index measurements.

[0115] There are some known formulas for the interpolation and extrapolation of the refractive index as a function of wavelength, such as the Sellmeier equation or the Cauchy equation. However, for glasses with very high refractive indices (e.g., 2.0 or higher), the extrapolation from the visible range to the UV range may give biased values, which in turn may distort the estimated internal transmittance.

[0116] In order to obtain an accurate and unbiased estimate of the refractive index in the UV range for the purposes of this disclosure, a correlation between the refractive indices in the UV and visible ranges was developed. d This correlation was evaluated using available data for optical glasses with a 0.500 nm CMOS process and a negligible level of defects. Figure 1 The quantity n reported in the above catalog of commercial optical glass manufactured by Hoya Corporation is shown. 365,est With refractive index n 365 The version available on January 8, 2023 was accessed and used to develop the correlation represented by formula (V). Figure 1 As can be seen in the graph shown, the correlation is common to a wide range of high index optical glass compositions and provides an estimate characterized by a standard error of σ = 0.0018, which is sufficient to accurately assess internal transmission for the purposes of this disclosure.

[0117] In the calculation of the refractive index estimation parameter n from formula (V) 365,estThe refractive index at other wavelengths in the UV and blue range (between about 310 and 500 nm) was then estimated from the form of the Sellmeier equation given in formula (VI):

[0118] n λ =1+B*λ 2 / (λ 2 -C), (VI)

[0119] where n λ is the refractive index at wavelength λ, and B and C are empirical fitting parameters that can be estimated based on the refractive index values ​​of the sample at two different wavelengths. In the present disclosure, the refractive index in the UV range is estimated by formula (VI), where coefficients B and C are given by the refractive index n at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. F Determine and estimate the refractive index parameter n 365,est Determined by formula (V).

[0120] When based on reporting only the refractive index n d and Abbe number ν d When evaluating the refractive index based on public data, the refractive index n F It can be measured or calculated by the following formula (VII):

[0121] n F =n d +((n d -1) / ν d ))*(1-(0.22071+0.0204*ln(ν d )))(VII)

[0122] Formula (VII) is an empirical formula derived from known data on the refractive index or Abbe number of commercial optical glasses available from various manufacturers. It allows for the estimation of n with a standard error of approximately 0.00002 units. F This is sufficient for the purpose of this disclosure. d and ν d If one or both of the values ​​are unknown but the glass composition is reported, the value of P can be calculated by using the corresponding amount n and P ν To estimate the unknown quantity, it is calculated by formulas (XXIII) and (XXI) as described below.

[0123] Blue light transmittance property Q 420 is the amount calculated by the following formula (VIII):

[0124] Q 420 =-ln(k 365 )-B UV *0.36(VIII)

[0125] where k 365 is the light absorption coefficient defined above (Formulas (I)-(III)) at a wavelength of 365 nm, and B UV is the coefficient shown in formula (IV).

[0126] The blue light transmittance property Q given in formula (VIII) 420 corresponds to the predicted contribution of the composition to the internal transmittance at a wavelength of 420 nm. It is known in the art that the internal transmittance of a glass depends not only on the composition, but also on the process conditions. As discussed more fully below, it has been found herein that for the glasses of the present disclosure, the internal transmittance within a specific wavelength range in the UV is essentially independent of the process conditions and depends primarily on the composition. By analyzing the internal transmittance properties within a process-independent wavelength range (e.g., a portion of the UV wavelength range) and extrapolating to a process-relevant wavelength range (e.g., visible light), the contribution of the composition to the internal transmittance within the process-relevant wavelength range can be predicted, thereby separating the process-relevant contribution from the composition contribution within the process-relevant wavelength range. With this capability, new process strategies can be developed to minimize the deleterious effects of processing on the internal transmittance, thereby enabling high refractive index glasses with high internal transmittance. Of particular interest are high refractive index glasses with high internal transmittance in the visible. Therefore, the glasses of the present disclosure preferably have a high Q 420 value.

[0127] To illustrate the blue light transmittance property Q 420To understand the importance and determination of internal transmittance, we consider exemplary glass 18 of the present disclosure (see Table 5 below). Samples AF of exemplary glass 18 were prepared under different processing conditions and tested for internal transmittance. Samples A, B, and C were extracted from a melt of 2500 grams of the batch composition formed in a covered platinum crucible. The batch composition was heated to 1280°C and held for 2 hours, then cooled to 1200°C and held for an additional 2 hours, then poured onto steel plates in three separate aliquots (corresponding to samples A, B, and C), cooled until it turned a deep red (roughly corresponding to a temperature of about 500°C), then placed in an annealing furnace and annealed at 630°C for 1 hour, finally cooled to room temperature in air, bleached (when a bleaching step was applied), then cut, polished, and tested. Sample A was cut to a thickness of 2.20 mm and unbleached. Samples B and C were bleached at 645°C for 14 days. Sample B was then cut to a thickness of 1.00 mm and sample C was cut to a thickness of 6.96 mm. Samples D and E were extracted from a melt of 1000 grams of the batch composition in a covered platinum crucible. The batch composition was heated to 1280°C and held for 2 hours, then cooled to 1170°C and held for an additional 2 hours. Two separate aliquots (corresponding to samples D and E) were then poured onto steel plates and cooled similarly to samples A to C, annealed at 630°C for 1 hour, and cooled to room temperature in air. Sample D was then cut to a thickness of 0.99 mm and unbleached. Sample E was bleached at 640°C for 14 days and then cut to a thickness of 7.03 mm. Sample F consisted of 15 grams of the batch composition melted in a covered platinum crucible at 1300°C for 1 hour. The crucible was then placed on a water cooling block and cooled to approximately 500°C. It was then reheated and annealed at 630°C for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature (all of which were performed while the sample was in the crucible), removed from the crucible, cut to a thickness of 1.11 mm, and polished. Sample F was not bleached.

[0128] The transmittance and -ln(k λ ) data are shown in Figure 2a , b and c.

[0129] Figure 2a The total transmittance percentage τ is shown total The measured data is relative to the wavelength λ expressed in nanometers (nm).

[0130] Figure 2b -ln(k λ )express Figure 2a The data shown in λ In order to present Figure 2bThe data shown in FIG2A need to be converted into the internal transmittance at a thickness of 10 mm so that the light absorption coefficient k can be calculated. By correcting the Fresnel loss using formula (IX), the total transmittance τ totaldλ Converted to internal transmittance τ intdλ :

[0131]

[0132] where τ int,d,λ is the internal transmittance of a sample of thickness d at wavelength λ, τ total,d is the total transmittance of a sample with thickness d at wavelength λ, and n λ is the refractive index at wavelength λ. n in formula (IX) λ The value can be measured or estimated by calculation using the above formula (VI) (in the wavelength range of 310nm to 500nm or any sub-range herein). The above formula (II) is used to calculate the value of τ int,d,λ Calculate the light absorption coefficient k. Figure 2b Shown by Figure 2a The total transmittance τ shown in total,d,λ Data export -ln(k λ ) as a function of 1000 / λ, where λ is expressed in nm.

[0133] Figure 2b A noteworthy feature of the is that at UV wavelengths (below about 370 nm) -ln(k λ ) values. Without wishing to be bound by theory, for samples of the same composition that have been subjected to different processing conditions, at short wavelengths -ln(k λ ) shows that at the UV wavelength shown, -ln(k λ ) is a property of the composition that is independent of the processing conditions. Figure 2c Shown Figure 2b Magnification over a wavelength range of about 360 nm to about 370 nm. Data for samples A, B, D, and F are shown in 1 nM increments. Samples C and E are not included in the Figure 2c Because these samples are not visible at UV wavelengths (below about 375 nm, see Figure 2a ) at the total transmittance τ total,d,λ Very low and cannot be measured reliably. Figure 2c The -ln(k λ ) values. Figure 2c Also shown is -ln(k λ ) is very close to a linear function in dependence on 1000 / λ. The best fitting linear function in the linear wavelength range is designated as Q in this paper. λ.

[0134] Of interest to the present disclosure are glasses having a high refractive index and a high internal transmittance in blue light. The embodiments herein seek to identify high refractive index glasses whose compositions have intrinsically high internal transmittance in blue light. By "intrinsically" is meant that the contribution to the internal transmittance in blue light is substantially independent of processing conditions and depends primarily on the composition. Identification of such glasses has not been entirely successful in the prior art because the internal transmittance of high refractive index glasses in blue light is generally highly sensitive to processing conditions. For example, due to processing conditions, it may not be possible to correctly identify a glass composition that has intrinsically high internal transmittance in blue light. Without wishing to be bound by theory, even though it is recognized that processing conditions affect internal transmittance in blue light, it is believed that for the glass compositions identified herein as having high intrinsic internal transmittance in blue light, processing conditions can be determined that produce glass composition samples whose measured internal transmittance in blue light is close to the intrinsic internal transmittance.

[0135] To facilitate the identification of new glass compositions with high intrinsic internal transmittance in the blue light, we consider the function Q λ From -ln(k λ ) is extrapolated to the visible wavelength. Function Q λ An example of extrapolation is Figure 2b is depicted as a dotted line. λ A high value indicates that -ln(k λ ), which in turn indicates the intrinsic internal transmittance τ in blue light int,10 For the purpose of this disclosure, we regard the wavelength of 420 nm as the characteristic wavelength of blue light and the quantity Q 420 It is defined as the intrinsic internal transmittance of the glass composition in blue light, where the quantity Q 420 The function Q corresponds to the wavelength extrapolated to 420 nm. λ and is referred to herein as the blue light transmittance property. Figure 2b The determination of Q is shown in 420 Schematic depiction of .

[0136] When analyzing data related to different glass compositions and different process conditions, it was empirically found that in all observed cases, -ln(k λ ) on 1000 / λ remains essentially linear at least in the wavelength range of 360 to 370 nm.

[0137] At wavelengths greater than 370 nm, the dependence remains essentially linear up to about 380-400 nm for most thermally bleached samples; in general, when -ln(k λ) values ​​greater than approximately +1.0, nonlinear effects are observed, which corresponds to approximately 70% internal transmittance for a 10 mm thick sample. For unbleached samples, e.g. Figure 2b For samples A, D, and F in , the upper limit of linearity is typically about 370-380 nm for compositions without silica, and 380-400 nm for compositions containing silica; the more precise location of the boundary varies with composition and / or depends on melting and cooling conditions.

[0138] At wavelengths less than 360 nm, no significant deviations from linearity were observed. However, it should be noted that the glasses disclosed herein having a high refractive index (e.g., greater than or equal to about 2.0) typically have very low transmittance below 360 nm, and unless very thin samples are used, it may be difficult to reliably measure this transmittance at wavelengths below 360 nm. When testing lower refractive index samples characterized by higher UV transmittance, linearity was typically observed at wavelengths greater than or equal to about 280-310 nm.

[0139] Therefore, it can be concluded that in the vast majority of the cases studied, -ln(k λ The relationship between (k) and (1000 / λ) can be considered to be essentially linear over the wavelength range of about 310 to about 370 nm; in cases where the sample is thermally bleached to improve blue light transmittance, the upper limit of the linear range is typically extended to 400 nm with a wavelength corresponding to -ln(k) = about +1.0. λ ) values ​​(for a sample thickness of 10 mm).

[0140] As a pair of -ln(k λ ) is the best fitting linear function Q λ It can be expressed by the above formula (IV), which is reproduced below:

[0141] Q λ =A UV +B UV *1000 / λ, (IV)

[0142] Among them A UV and B UV is an empirical coefficient given by -ln(k λ ) is the best fit. The blue light transmittance property Q 420 Determined by formula (IV) at a wavelength of λ = 420 nm.

[0143] Blue light transmittance property Q 420 Alternatively, Q λ By solving formula (IV), we can get AUV Substitute the result into formula (V) to obtain formula (X) to express:

[0144]

[0145] In determining Q λ The best fitting function (Formula (IV)) is within the UV wavelength linear range, Q λ The value is very close to -ln(k λ ), where k λ is the light absorption coefficient at wavelength λ. In the UV wavelength range, the blue light transmittance property Q 420 It can be expressed by formula (XI):

[0146]

[0147] For the glass compositions of the present disclosure, a UV wavelength of λ = 365 nm is expected to be in the linear region and is chosen for convenience as the UV wavelength for determining the blue light transmittance property Q 420 At λ = 365 nm, formula (XI) becomes the above formula (VIII), which is reproduced as follows:

[0148] Q 420 =-ln(k 365 )-0.36B UV (VIII)

[0149] To simplify Q 420 It is contemplated that formula (VIII) will be rewritten as an expression based on readily measurable or estimated quantities. Transmittance is a quantity relevant to the glass composition of the present disclosure. By expressing k according to formula (III) 365 , formula (VIII) can be rewritten as formula (XII):

[0150] Q 420 =-ln(-ln(τ int,10,365 ))-0.36B UV (XII)

[0151] where τ int,10,365 is the internal transmittance of a sample with a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 365 nm. For a sample of any thickness d, k can be expressed according to formula (II) 365 And rewrite formula (VIII) as formula (XIII):

[0152]

[0153] where τ int,d,365 is the internal transmittance of a sample with a thickness of d mm at a wavelength of 365 nm.

[0154] Formula (XIII) can be used to calculate the total transmittance τ by the above formula (IX): total,d,365 Rewrite it to get formula (XIV):

[0155]

[0156] To simplify Q 420 To determine the value of n, we use n from formula (V) 365,est Substitute n in formula (XIV) 365 To obtain formula (XV):

[0157]

[0158] For the exemplary glasses and comparative glasses of the present disclosure melted and tested by applicants, Q was calculated using Equation (XV) 420 .

[0159] For comparative glasses taken from literature sources, several variations of the calculation procedure were used depending on the availability of the data. Variations of the calculations are disclosed below.

[0160] As mentioned above, the blue light transmittance property Q 420 It can be used as an indicator of the intrinsic internal transmittance in blue light, which is an estimate of the internal transmittance of blue light produced by the glass composition independent of the processing conditions. By considering commercially available colorless optical glasses, it can be demonstrated that the use of the blue light transmittance property Q 420 to estimate the utility of internal transmittance in blue light. As an illustration, Figure 3 The quantity Q of a 10 mm thick commercial optical glass sample purchased from HOYA Corporation at a wavelength of λ = 460 nm is shown based on data taken from the above catalog (see https: / / www.hoya-opticalworld.com / english / datadownload, accessed on January 8, 2023). 420 and internal transmittance τ int,10,460 The relationship between Figure 3In the , two categories of optical glass are presented. The category labeled "EF(x)" (light flint glass) refers to the glass codes E-FEL1, E-FEL2, E-FL5, E-FL6, E-F2, E-F5, E-FD1L, E-FD2, E-FD4L, E-FD5, E-FD8, E-FD10L, E-FD13, E-FD15L, E-FD1, E-FD4, E-FD10, and E-FD15. The category "TAFD" (dense tantalum flint glass) refers to the glass codes TAFD33, TAFD35L, TAFD35, TAFD37A, TAFD45, TAFD55-W, TAFD55, and TAFD37.

[0161] for Figure 3 The internal transmittance (corresponding to τ) of a 10 mm thick sample of the commercial glass shown is given by the manufacturer by the following formula (XVI) at wavelengths of 360 and 370 nm. int,10,360 and τ int,10,370 ) data to calculate the quantity Q 420 , said formula (XVI) is derived from formula (XI) using a wavelength λ=360 nm:

[0162]

[0163] When formula (III) is incorporated into formula (XVI), it becomes formula (XVII):

[0164]

[0165] Among them B UV Determined by the linear fit of the internal transmittance between 360 nm and 370 nm using formula (XVIII):

[0166]

[0167] Figure 3 The data points in the figure show the internal transmittance τ int,10,460 (provided by the manufacturer) on the blue light transmittance property (calculated by formula (XVII)). Figure 3 It can be seen that for light flint glass and dense tantalum flint glass, the blue light transmittance property Q 420 The value is roughly the same as the internal transmittance τ of a 10 mm thick sample at 460 nm. int,10,460 Without wishing to be bound by theory, the results support a blue light transmittance attribute Q based on internal transmittance in the UV (e.g., 360nm-370nm) 420 to predict the internal transmittance at longer wavelengths.

[0168] Abbe number ν d, blue light transmittance property Q 420 and refractive index n d is a glass property that can be predicted from the glass composition. Linear regression analysis was performed on the exemplary glasses of the present disclosure in the Examples section below and other glass compositions reported in the literature to determine the predictable Abbe number v d , blue light transmittance property Q 420 and refractive index n d The equation for the compositional dependencies of .

[0169] The training dataset of glass compositions satisfies the compositional constraints described in Table 1 below and has measured values ​​of properties of interest, for each property (ν d , Q 420 and n d ) were randomly selected from literature data provided in the publicly available SciGlass information system database and from exemplary glasses described in the Examples. Linear regression analysis (excluding outliers) was performed on this dataset to determine Formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII). The resulting formulas are listed in Table 2 below.

[0170] Specifically, when deriving Q 420 When using the model, the measured values ​​are calculated from data on glass compositions for which the transmittance at at least two wavelengths in the UV range is available.

[0171] When processing data from comparative examples taken from literature sources, the following procedure is used to evaluate Q 420 .

[0172] When the reported transmittance figures refer to internal transmittance, -ln(k λ ) is calculated by the above formula (II).

[0173] When the reported transmittance figure refers to total transmittance, only the directly reported n is used. d and ν d Then calculate the refractive index n by formula (VII) F , and calculate n by formula (V) 365,est , and then the refractive index in the range of 310-500nm is approximately calculated by formula (VI). The refractive index calculated by formula (VI) is used to calculate the internal transmittance τ by formula (IX) int,d , and then calculate the wavelength k for which the transmittance value is reported using formula (II) λ , and calculate -ln(k λ ) value.

[0174] When data is extracted from an image, the image is programmatically digitized and converted to numerical data, including unit conversion to nanometers (for wavelength) and percentage of total transmittance or internal transmittance (depending on the amount reported in the source document).

[0175] Only -ln(k) values ​​greater than or equal to -5 and less than or equal to +1 corresponding to the wavelength λ of 310 nm to 400 nm are selected. λ ) values ​​are used for further analysis. λ ), where 310nm≤λ≤400nm and -5≤-ln(k λ In cases where )≤+1) was not available, the corresponding composition of the data set was not used. In cases where more than two such data points were available in the 360-370 nm range, −ln(k λ ) and (1000 / λ[nm]) to determine -ln(k 365 ) and coefficient B UV .

[0176] In case two or more data points satisfying the above conditions are available but none or only one of them relates to a wavelength of 360 to 370 nm, two data points corresponding to wavelengths λ1 and λ2 are selected for further calculations, and their values ​​-ln(k λ1 ) and -ln(k λ2 ). When more than two wavelengths are available, the two wavelengths closest to 365 nm are selected, preferably corresponding to λ1≤365 nm and λ2>365 nm; for example, if three data points are available for wavelengths 340, 370, and 390 nm, the wavelengths λ1=340 nm and λ2=370 nm are selected. Then, -ln(k 360 ) and B UV Value:

[0177]

[0178] Then, Q for each glass composition is calculated by formula (XVIII) 420 The data set of approximately 50 such literature data points was then combined with the data for 50 randomly selected exemplary glasses of the present disclosure shown in Table 5 and subjected to regression analysis. Finally, three nonlinear effects of the sum of antimony oxide (Sb2O3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and alkali metal oxides (Alk2O) were determined, and the data for the compositions including these substances were analyzed separately, which resulted in additional terms for these substances included in the following formula (XXII).

[0179] In addition to the training set specified above, another subset of glass compositions that met the compositional constraints of Table 1 was used as a validation set to assess the ability to interpolate within the compositional constraints of Table 1 and to establish the standard deviations specified in Table 2. An external dataset of prior art glass compositions (also randomly selected from the SciGlass Information System database) was used to assess the ability to predict properties (ν) outside the compositional constraints of Table 1 with reasonable accuracy. d , Q 420 and n d ) capabilities. The data for the external dataset were selected by using the same procedure disclosed above for the training dataset. Multiple iterations of the process were performed to determine the performance of each characteristic (ν d , Q 420 and n d ). Formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) are the results of the analysis.

[0180] The comparative glass composition data (including training data set, validation data set, and external data set) used for linear regression modeling were obtained from the publicly available SciGlass information system database. The following formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) were obtained from the linear regression analysis and used to predict the Abbe number ν of the glass, respectively: d , blue light transmittance property Q 420 and refractive index n d :

[0181]

[0182] In formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII) and Tables 1 and 2, the dispersion parameter P ν is the predicted Abbe number ν d Parameter calculated from the components of the glass composition expressed in mol.%; transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 is the predicted blue light transmittance attribute Q 420 Parameters calculated from the components of the glass composition expressed in mol.%; refractive index parameter P n is the predicted refractive index n at 587.56 nm d Parameter, which is calculated from the components of the glass composition expressed in mol%. For the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 , a logarithmic scale was applied when performing regression analysis.

[0183] In formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII), each component of the glass composition is listed according to its chemical formula, where the chemical formula refers to the concentration of the component expressed in mol.%. For example, for the purposes of formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII), La2O3 refers to the concentration of La2O3 in the glass composition, expressed in mol.%. It should be understood that not all components listed in formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII) must be present in a particular glass composition, and that formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII) are equally valid for glass compositions that contain fewer than all of the components listed in the formulas. It should also be understood that formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII) are also valid for glass compositions within the scope and technical solutions of the present disclosure that contain components other than those listed in the formulas. If a component listed in formulas (XXI), (XXII) and (XXIII) is not present in a particular glass composition, then the concentration of the component in the glass composition is 0 mol.%, and the contribution of the component to the value calculated by the formula is zero.

[0184] Table 1. Composition space used for modeling

[0185]

[0186] Table 2. Characteristic prediction models

[0187] characteristic abbreviation unit Prediction parameters Regression formula Constituent units Standard Deviation Abbe number <![CDATA[ν d ]]> <![CDATA[P ν ]]> Formula (XXI) Mol.% 2.1 Blue light transmittance properties <![CDATA[Q 420 ]]> <![CDATA[P Q420 ]]> Formula (XXII) Mol.% 0.24 Refractive index at 587.56nm <![CDATA[n d ]]> <![CDATA[P n ]]> Formula(XXIII) Mol.% 0.018

[0188] Figure 4 is the dispersion parameter P calculated by formula (XXI) for some comparative glasses (“Comp. Glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“Ex. Glasses”) taken from the literature ν and the measured Abbe number ν d Function diagram of . Figure 4 As shown in the data, for most glasses, the dispersion parameter P ν The standard deviation of the composition dependence of the measured ν d The range is ±2.1 units, which corresponds to the standard deviation specified in Table 2.

[0189] Figure 5 is the transmittance evaluation parameter P calculated by formula (XXII) for some comparative glasses ("Comp. Glasses") and some exemplary glasses ("Ex. Glasses") taken from the literature. Q420 The measured blue light transmittance property Q 420 Function diagram of . Figure 5 As shown in the data, for most glasses, the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420The standard deviation of the composition dependence of the measured Q 420 The range is ±0.24 units, which corresponds to the standard deviation specified in Table 2.

[0190] The blue light transmittance property Q of the comparative glass composition was calculated by the procedure disclosed above. 420 , the procedure involves the selection of a training data set for modeling.

[0191] Where transmittance data are reported in total transmittance in the source documents for the comparative glasses, the data are converted to internal transmittance using the above formula (IX). The refractive index required to convert the total transmittance to internal transmittance is estimated from the reported data available in the source documents, such as the refractive index and Abbe number at specific wavelengths (such as 587.6 nm, 589.3 nm, 486.1 nm, etc.). When some of these data are unavailable, the refractive index n is calculated from the glass composition using the corresponding formulas (XXIII) and (XXI) of the present disclosure. d and Abbe number ν d .

[0192] When the report data available in the source file is represented by the index n d and Abbe number ν d When the composition is F (corresponding to a wavelength of 486.1 nm) was evaluated by the following formula (VII):

[0193] n F =n d +((n d -1) / ν d ))*(1-(0.22071+0.0204*ln(ν d ))). (VII)

[0194] Formula (VII) is derived from an extensive data set of refractive indices of commercial optical glasses available from multiple manufacturers at different wavelengths. It allows for the estimation of n with a standard error of approximately 0.00002 units. F This is sufficient for the purpose of this disclosure.

[0195] The refractive index in the UV range is then estimated using the same algorithm as described above for the exemplary glass of the present disclosure (Formula (VI)). The estimated refractive index is used to calculate Fresnel losses, and then the total transmittance is converted to internal transmittance, and then the light absorption coefficient k is calculated as disclosed herein.

[0196] Figure 6 is the refractive index parameter P calculated by formula (XXIII) of some comparative glasses ("Comp. Glasses") and some exemplary glasses ("Ex. Glasses") taken from the literaturen The measured refractive index n d Function diagram of . Figure 6 As shown in the data, for most glasses, the refractive index parameter P n The standard deviation of the composition dependence of the measured n d The range is ±0.018 units, which corresponds to the standard deviation specified in Table 2.

[0197] Table 3 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary glass A in Table 3 can include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein.

[0198] Table 3: Exemplary Glass A

[0199] Components Amount (mol.%) <![CDATA[Nb2O5]]> 0.3 to 30.0 mol.% <![CDATA[ZrO2]]> 0.3 to 15.0 mol.% <![CDATA[TiO2]]> 0.0 to 28.0 mol.% <![CDATA[La2O3]]> 0.0 to 28.0 mol.% <![CDATA[P2O5]]> 0.0 to 10.0 mol.% PbO 0.0 to 10.0 mol.% <![CDATA[GeO2]]> 0.0 to 10.0 mol.% <![CDATA[Sum of (B2O3 + SiO2)]]> 5.0 to 35.0 mol.% <![CDATA[Sum of rare earth metal oxides RE m O n > 0.0 to 30.0 mol.%

[0200] Exemplary glass A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may satisfy the following conditions:

[0201] 0≤min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2)[mol.%]≤10,

[0202] Where min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n The minimum value among the concentrations of Mg and TiO2, expressed in mol%. The chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in mol%.

[0203] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the refractive index n of exemplary glass A at 587.56 nm is d It can also be 2.092 to 2.25.

[0204] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary glass A may also have an Abbe number v less than or equal to 28. d .

[0205] Table 4 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary glass B in Table 4 may include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein.

[0206] Table 4: Exemplary Glass B

[0207] Components Amount (mol.%) <![CDATA[B2O3]]> 10.0 to 30.0 mol.% <![CDATA[TiO2]]> 0.3 to 28.5 mol.% <![CDATA[SiO2]]> 0.0 to 30.0 mol.% <![CDATA[P2O5]]> 0.0 to 30.0 mol.% PbO 0.0 to 10.0 mol.% <![CDATA[Sum of (Nb2O5 + La2O3 + Gd2O3 + Y2O3)]]> 0.0 to 44.5 mol.% <![CDATA[Sum of rare earth metal oxides RE m O n > 0.0 to 28.5 mol.% <![CDATA[Sum of (R2O + RO)]]> 0.0 to 25.0 mol.%

[0208] The refractive index n of exemplary glass B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure at 587.56 nm is d Can be greater than or equal to 1.8.

[0209] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary glass B may also satisfy the following conditions:

[0210] Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000,

[0211] where Q 420 is the blue light transmittance property, and n d is the refractive index at 587.56 nm.

[0212] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary glass B may also satisfy the following conditions:

[0213] Q 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d )>0.000,

[0214] where Q 420 is the blue light transmittance property, and n d is the refractive index at 587.56 nm.

[0215] Examples

[0216] The following examples describe various features and advantages provided by the present disclosure and are in no way intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims.

[0217] To prepare glass samples for some exemplary glasses of the present disclosure, 15 to 5000 grams of each sample were melted from batch raw materials (the content of the intended components in the batch composition was greater than 99.99 wt %). Three types of melting and cooling conditions were applied.

[0218] Under the first process condition, 15 grams of the batch composition was melted in a covered platinum crucible at 1300-1400°C and held for one hour, then optionally held at 1100-1150°C but above the liquidus temperature for three hours, and then cooled by placing the crucible on a water cooling table over a period of 3-5 minutes. The sample was then annealed at a temperature of 630-650°C for 1 hour.

[0219] In the second process condition, 1000 to 2500 grams of the batch composition charge is melted in a covered platinum crucible at 1250-1300°C and held for two hours, then held at a temperature in the range of 1150-1200°C but above the liquidus temperature for 1-3 hours to equilibrate at this temperature, and then poured onto a steel plate to form one or more 50×50×15 mm 3 Up to 150×100×20mm 3 The samples were then annealed at 630-650 °C for 1 h.

[0220] In the third process condition, 3500 to 5000 grams of the batch composition charge is melted by Joule heating in a covered platinum crucible. The crucible is maintained at 1250°C and filled with the batch composition over a period of 1.5 hours. The temperature is then raised to 1300°C and the crucible is maintained for one hour. During this step, the melt is stirred at 60 rpm for 30 minutes. Stirring is then suspended for 30 minutes. Stirring is resumed at 60 rpm and the temperature is then reduced to 1170-1200°C, where the crucible is balanced for 30 minutes and balanced at a reduced stirring speed of 20 rpm. The delivery tube is then heated to above the liquidus temperature of the glass and the melt is cast on a cooled graphite table to form a (900...1200)×50×25 mm 3 The rods were examined under an optical microscope (up to 500×) to check for crystallization, and all were determined to be essentially free of a crystalline phase (in the bulk), except for a surface layer (100-300 μm) in some cases.

[0221] For each of the three process conditions, glass samples were annealed at 625-645°C for one hour and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1-10°C / min. Some samples were then held at 640-650°C for 1-2 weeks to improve transmittance (hereinafter referred to as the "bleaching step") and tested for refractive index and transmittance; other samples were tested without the bleaching step. When the bleaching step was used, the glass was heated from room temperature to the bleaching temperature at a rate of 3 to 5°C / min. After bleaching, the glass was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1-3°C / min.

[0222] The test samples were not subjected to chemical analysis, since similar samples prepared in a separate melt were chemically analyzed using XRF (X-ray fluorescence, performed on all oxides except B2O3 and Li2O), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, performed on B2O3), and FES (flame emission spectroscopy, performed on Li2O). These analyses gave deviations of the main components compared to the batch composition within ±2.0 mass%, which is equivalent to less than about 1 mol%.

[0223] In Tables 5 and 6, the abbreviation "n" with a subscript refers to the refractive index at the corresponding wavelength in nm; for example, n 632.8 Refers to the refractive index at a wavelength of 632.8nm. liq Refers to the liquidus temperature, T g is the glass transition temperature, d RT Refers to the density at room temperature, min(RO,RE m O n,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n and the minimum value of TiO2 concentration (in mol%), k 365 is the light absorption coefficient at 365nm (in cm -1 Unit), and k 380 is the light absorption coefficient at 380nm (in cm -1 as units).

[0224] Coefficient B of exemplary glasses and comparative glasses UV and blue light transmittance parameter Q 420 The values ​​of are calculated using the procedure disclosed above, which involves the evaluation of these quantities on a training data set, depending on the information available for the specific composition.

[0225] Table 5. Exemplary glass compositions

[0226]

[0227]

[0228] Table 5 (continued)

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] Table 5 (continued)

[0232]

[0233]

[0234] Table 5 (continued)

[0235]

[0236]

[0237] Table 5 (continued)

[0238]

[0239]

[0240] Table 5 (continued)

[0241]

[0242]

[0243] Table 5 (continued)

[0244]

[0245]

[0246] Table 5 (continued)

[0247]

[0248]

[0249] Table 5 (continued)

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] Table 5 (continued)

[0253]

[0254]

[0255] Table 5 (continued)

[0256]

[0257]

[0258] Table 5 (continued)

[0259]

[0260]

[0261] Table 5 (continued)

[0262]

[0263]

[0264] Table 5 (continued)

[0265]

[0266]

[0267] Table 5 (continued)

[0268]

[0269]

[0270] Table 5 (continued)

[0271]

[0272]

[0273] Table 5 (continued)

[0274]

[0275]

[0276] Table 5 (continued)

[0277]

[0278]

[0279] Table 5 (continued)

[0280]

[0281]

[0282] Table 5 (continued)

[0283]

[0284]

[0285] Table 5 (continued)

[0286]

[0287]

[0288] Table 6 below lists the glass compositions and properties of comparative glasses C1-C16.

[0289] Table 6. Composition and properties of comparative example glasses

[0290]

[0291]

[0292] Table 6 (continued)

[0293]

[0294]

[0295] The reference points of each comparative glass listed in Table 6 are as follows: [1] CN113816600; [2] EP4071118; [3] JPH09278480; [4] US20220306517A; [5] U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 874,792; [6] U.S. patent application serial number 18 / 096,938; [7] U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 323,645; [8] TW202012333; [9] US2022306517;

[10] US5747397A;

[11] US20220073409A.

[0296] Figure 7 The refractive index parameter P of some exemplary glasses and some comparative glasses is shown. n and transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 The exemplary glasses (filled circles) are Examples 1, 3 to 9, 11, 18, 20, 31, 33 to 40, 43 to 48, 51 to 55, 59, 64 to 70, 72, 73, 75 to 98, 102, 103, 110 to 119, 149 to 154, 159 to 162, 164, 167, and 168 from Table 5. The comparative glasses (open circles) are Examples C1 to C10 from Table 6. The refractive index parameter P, which predicts the refractive index at 587.56 nm, is determined according to formula (XXIII): n The transmittance evaluation parameter P for predicting the blue light transmittance property is determined according to formula (XXII): Q420 . Figure 7 All exemplary and comparative glasses shown have the characteristics specified in Table 7. In Table 7, the specification "unlimited" means that no limitations were considered in selecting the composition.

[0297] Table 7. Figure 7 The limits of glass composition shown in

[0298] Components unit Min Max <![CDATA[B2O3]]> mol.% 10 30 <![CDATA[TiO2]]> mol.% 0.3 28.5 <![CDATA[SiO2]]> mol.% 0 30 <![CDATA[P2O5]]> mol.% 0 30 PbO mol.% 0 10 Cu+Co at.% 0 0.005 <![CDATA[RE m THE n ]]> mol.% 0 28.5 <![CDATA[Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3]]> mol.% 0 44.5 <![CDATA[R2O+RO]]> mol.% 0 25 V+Fe+Cr+Ni at.% 0 1 <![CDATA[P n ]]> 1.8 unlimited

[0299] choose Figure 7 The comparative glass is a glass having the characteristics specified in Table 7. Figure 7 The refractive index parameter P shown in n The transmittance evaluation parameter P has a value range of Q420 The highest value.

[0300] Figure 7The line shown in , corresponding to the formula y = 31.1 - 14.1 * x, provides a visual representation of the differences between the comparative glasses and exemplary glasses 1, 3 to 9, 11, 18, 20, 31, 33 to 40, 43 to 48, 51 to 55, 59, 64 to 70, 72, 73, 75 to 98, 102, 103, 110 to 119, 149 to 154, 159 to 162, 164, 167, and 168, having the characteristics specified in Table 7. Figure 7 It can be seen that Figure 7 The exemplary glass (solid circles) shown in FIG falls above the line y=31.1-14.1*x, but none of the comparative glasses (open circles) falls above the line, where y corresponds to the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 , and x corresponds to the refractive index parameter P n .in other words, Figure 7 Some of the exemplary glasses shown in , but none of the comparative glasses, satisfy the following formula (XXIV)(a):

[0301] P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.00(XXIV)(a)

[0302] from Figure 7 It can also be seen that Figure 7 Some of the exemplary glasses shown in FIG fall above the line y=31.25-14.1*x, but none of the comparative glasses fall above the line, where y corresponds to the transmittance evaluation parameter P. Q420 , and x corresponds to the refractive index parameter P n .in other words, Figure 7 Some of the exemplary glasses shown in , but none of the comparative glasses, satisfy the following formula (XXIV)(b):

[0303] P Q420 -(31.25-14.1*P n )>0.00(XXIV)(b)

[0304] Through prediction, Figure 7 The exemplary glass shown in P n and P Q420 Based on the predictions, it is expected that Figure 7 The exemplary glass shown in FIG. d and Q 420 The combination of the above is superior to the best known comparative glass having the characteristics specified in Table 7.

[0305] Figure 8The refractive index n of some exemplary glasses and some comparative glasses at 587.56 nm is shown. d and blue light transmittance property Q 420 The exemplary glasses (filled circles) are Examples 4 to 11, 18, 20, 36, 70 to 72, 74, 98, and 111 from Table 5. The comparative glasses (open circles) are Examples C11 to C16 from Table 6. Figure 8 All exemplary glasses and comparative glasses shown in have the characteristics specified in Table 8.

[0306] Table 8. Figure 8 The limits of glass composition shown in

[0307]

[0308]

[0309] choose Figure 8 Comparative glass, because it has Figure 8 Among the known glasses with the specified characteristics, Figure 8 The refractive index n at 587.56 nm is shown in d Highest blue light transmittance Q in the range 420 The measured value.

[0310] Figure 8 The line corresponding to the formula y=31.1-14.1*x shown in FIG provides Figure 8 Visual representation of the differences between the comparative glasses and exemplary glasses 4 to 11, 18, 20, 36, 70 to 72, 74, 98, and 111 for the specified characteristics. Figure 8 It can be seen that Figure 8 The exemplary glass (filled circles) shown in FIG falls above the line y = 31.1 - 14.1 * x, but none of the comparative glasses (open circles) fall above the line, where y corresponds to Q 420 , and x corresponds to n d .in other words, Figure 8 Some of the exemplary glasses shown in , but none of the comparative glasses, satisfy the following formula (XXV)(a):

[0311] Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.00(XXV)(a)

[0312] from Figure 8 It can also be seen that Figure 8Some of the exemplary glasses shown in FIG fall above the line y = 31.25 - 14.1 * x, but none of the comparative glasses fall above the line, where y corresponds to Q 420 , and x corresponds to n d .in other words, Figure 8 The exemplary glasses shown in , but none of the comparative glasses, satisfy the following formula (XXV)(b):

[0313] Q 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d )>0.00(XXV)(b)

[0314] Figure 8 The exemplary embodiment satisfying formula (XXV)(b) shown is characterized in that, in the glass having the characteristics specified in Table 8, Figure 8 n shown d Highest Q in the range 420 value.

[0315] This means that under the conditions specified in Table 8 above, the refractive index n of some exemplary glasses at 587.56 nm is d Compared with the best comparative glass meeting the same conditions, it has a higher blue light transmittance property Q at comparable measured values ​​of 420 This can be interpreted as the fact that these exemplary glasses have the best performance among all glasses at comparable n according to the measured values. d Higher Q at 420 values, i.e., according to the measured values, they are d and Q 420 The combinatorial aspect (i.e., for a given n d Higher Q 420 , or for a given Q 420 Higher n d ) outperform the best known comparative glass having the characteristics specified in Table 8.

[0316] for Figure 7 and 8 The values ​​of all properties specified in Tables 7 and 8 and Formulas (XXIV)(a), (XXIV)(b), (XXV)(a), and (XXV)(b) for the comparative glasses C1 to C16 plotted in Table 9 are listed below. The complete compositions of the comparative example glasses are listed in Table 6. The complete compositions and properties of the exemplary glasses are listed in Table 5.

[0317] Table 9. Properties of comparative glasses having the characteristics of Tables 7 and 8

[0318]

[0319] Table 9 (continued)

[0320]

[0321]

[0322] like Figure 7 and 8 As shown, both the predicted and measured characterization data confirm that some exemplary glasses have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm that is greater than that of the best comparative glasses having the characteristics specified in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. d and blue light transmittance property Q 420 A better combination.

[0323] It should be noted that the data reported in some patent sources may not be sufficient to calculate the quantity Q with reference to the training data set according to the algorithm disclosed above. 420 In particular, in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 17 / 874,792 and US20220073409A mentioned in Table 6, it is stated that the glass compositions are characterized by having high blue light transmittance, but no detailed transmittance data are reported. The measured data for these glasses listed in Tables 6 and 9 are the author's experimental results for the exemplary compositions specified in the tables, which were taken from the mentioned patent applications.

[0324] The present disclosure encompasses the following non-limiting aspects. To the extent not yet described, any one of the features of the first to twenty-sixth aspects may be combined in part or in whole with any one or more of the features of the other aspects of the present disclosure to form further aspects, even if such a combination is not explicitly described.

[0325] According to a first aspect, glass includes a plurality of components, the glass having a composition including the following components: 0.3 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less of Nb2O5, 0.3 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less of ZrO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 28.0 mol% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 28.0 mol% or less of La2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of P2O5, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of PbO, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of GeO2, 0 mol% or more and 0.12 mol% or less of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less of RE m O n, the sum of B2O3+SiO2 is greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from CaO, BaO, ZnO, Na2O, WO3, Al2O3, Li2O, TeO2, K2O, SrO and MgO, wherein the composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: 0 mol.%≤min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2)≤10mol.%, and the glass satisfies the following conditions: 2.092≤P n ≤2.25 and P ν <28, where P ν is the dispersion parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXI):

[0326]

[0327] P n is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXIII):

[0328]

[0329] Among them, RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n and the concentration of TiO2 (in mol%), and asterisks (*) indicate multiplication.

[0330] According to the second aspect, the glass of the first aspect, wherein the refractive index n of the glass at 587.56 nm is d greater than or equal to 2.092 and less than or equal to 2.25; and Abbe number ν d Less than or equal to 28.

[0331] According to a third aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1-2, wherein the composition of the component comprises: greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% La2O3, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% SiO2 %, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% CdO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% TeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% ZnO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.3 mol.% Sb2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0E+00 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0E-03 at.% Cu+Co, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% RE m O n %, greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.% F, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the total of Nb2O5+TiO2, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the total of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.% of the total of ZrO2+WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0m 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of Li2O+Na2O+KO, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, wherein the composition of the component is substantially free of Bi2O3, substantially free of PbO, substantially free of ThO2, and substantially free of V, Fe, Cr and Ni, and wherein the composition of the component satisfies the following conditions: 0 mol.%≤min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5)≤18mol.%, among which min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5) refers to RE m O n , TiO2 and Nb2O5 concentrations (in mol%).

[0332] According to a fourth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the composition of the component comprises: greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% La2O3, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% SiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% CdO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% TeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% ZnO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% PbO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% ThO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0. 5 mol.% Sb2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0E+00at.% and less than or equal to 5.0E-03at.% Cu+Co, greater than or equal to 0.0at.% and less than or equal to 1.0at.% F, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the total of Nb2O5+TiO2, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the total of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% of the total of % and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%.

[0333] According to the fifth aspect, the glass according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, where

[0334] P Q420 is the blue light transmittance parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXII):

[0335]

[0336] Among them, RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(0,Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O) means the maximum value between zero and the difference (Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O), "exp" means exponential, "ln" means natural logarithm, and an asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0337] According to the sixth aspect, the glass according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000, where n d is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, Q 420 is the value of the blue light transmittance property calculated according to formula (VIII):

[0338] Q 420 =-ln(k 365nm ,cm -1 )-B UV *0.36, (VIII)

[0339] where k 365 is the light absorption coefficient at wavelength λ = 365 nm calculated by formula (II):

[0340] k=-ln(τ int,d,365 / (d / 10)), (II) B UV is the coefficient calculated by formula (XVIII):

[0341]

[0342] d is the thickness of the sample, λ is the wavelength, τ int,d,λ is the internal transmittance of a sample of thickness d at wavelength λ, and “ln” refers to the natural logarithm.

[0343] According to the seventh aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1-6, wherein the composition of the component includes: the sum of GeO2+TeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb greater than or equal to 0.000 at.% and less than or equal to 0.030 at.%, wherein the composition of the component is substantially free of arsenic, substantially free of fluorine, substantially free of PbO, and substantially free of ThO2.

[0344] According to the eighth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1-3 and 5-7, wherein the composition of the component includes: WO3 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, B2O3 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, La2O3 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, Nb2O5 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, TiO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.%, ZrO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, BaO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, and Y2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%.

[0345] According to a ninth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the composition of the components comprises one or more of the following components: 18.0 mol% or more and 26.5 mol% or less of WO3, 17.00 mol% or more and 23.25 mol% or less of La2O3, 15.5 mol% or more and 24.0 mol% or less of B2O3, 15.50 mol% or more and 21.25 mol% or less of Nb2O5, 17.00 mol% or more and 23.25 mol% or less of La2O3, 15.50 ... Nb2O5, 17.00 mol% or more and 23.25 mol% or less of La2O3, 15.50 mol% or more and 24.0 mol% or less of B2O3, 17.00 mol% or more and 23.25 mol% or less of Nb2O5, 17.00 mol% or more and 23.25 mol% or less of La2O3, 17.00 mol% or more and 23.25 mol% or less of 10.0 mol.% and less than 22.5 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 3.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.5 mol.% ZrO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% BaO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% Y2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.1 mol.% CaO, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.9 mol.% Sb2O3.

[0346] According to a tenth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the composition of the component comprises: 18.0 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less of WO3, 17.5 mol% or more and 23.0 mol% or less of La2O3, 16.75 mol% or more and 23.00 mol% or less of B2O3, 16.4 mol% or more and 20.6 mol% or less of Nb2O5, 10.0 mol% or more and 22.0 mol% or less of TiO2, 4.4 mol% or more and 8.6 mol% or less of TiO2. mol.% ZrO2, 0.4 mol.% or more and 1.6 mol.% or less of Y2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.0 mol.% or less of CaO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, and 0.0 mol.% or more and 3.0 mol.% or less of Alk2O, and all other components in a total of 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.%, where Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides.

[0347] According to an eleventh aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the glass has a blue light transmittance property Q greater than or equal to 1.3 420 , less than or equal to 6.0g / cm 3 Density d at room temperature RT , and a refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.092 and less than or equal to 2.25 d .

[0348] According to the twelfth aspect, the glass according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the glass has a glass transition temperature T less than or equal to 700°C. g , and a liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1150°C liq .

[0349] According to a thirteenth aspect, glass includes a plurality of components, the glass having a composition including the following components: 10.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less of B2O3, 0.3 mol% or more and 28.5 mol% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less of P2O5, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of PbO, 0.0E+00 mol% or more and 5.0E-03 at.% or less of Cu+Co, 0.0 mol% or more and 28.5 mol% or less of RE m O n %, the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, the sum of R2O+RO is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni is greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from ZrO2, WO3, Al2O3, Bi2O3, GeO2 and TeO2, and the glass satisfies the following conditions: P n >1.8 and P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, where P n is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXIII):

[0350]

[0351] P Q420 is a transmittance evaluation parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXII):

[0352]

[0353] RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(0,Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O) means the maximum value between zero and the difference (Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O), "exp" means exponential, "ln" means natural logarithm, and an asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0354] According to a fourteenth aspect, the glass of the thirteenth aspect, wherein the glass has a refractive index n greater than or equal to 1.8 d And wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000, where Q 420 is the value of the blue light transmittance property, which is calculated according to formula (VIII):

[0355] Q 420 =-ln(k 365 )-B UV *0.36, (VIII)

[0356] where k 365 is the light absorption coefficient at wavelength λ = 365 nm calculated by formula (II):

[0357] k=-ln(τ int,d,365 / (d / 10)), (II) B UV is the coefficient calculated by formula (XVIII):

[0358]

[0359] d is the thickness of the sample, λ is the wavelength, τ int,10,370 is the internal transmittance of glass with a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 370 nm, τ int,10,360 is the internal transmittance of glass having a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 360 nm, and “ln” refers to the natural logarithm.

[0360] According to the fifteenth aspect, the glass according to any one of aspects 13-14, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: Q420 -(31.25-14.1*P n )>0.000.

[0361] According to the sixteenth aspect, the glass according to any one of aspects 13-15, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: Q 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d )>0.000.

[0362] According to the seventeenth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-16, wherein the composition of the component comprises: greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol.% La2O3, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% SiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% CdO, GeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, P2O5 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, TeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, ZnO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.3 mol%, Sb2O3 greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol% of RE m O n %, greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.% F, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the total of Nb2O5+TiO2, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.% of the total of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.% of the total of ZrO2+WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0m 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of Li2O+Na2O+KO, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, wherein the composition of the component is substantially free of Bi2O3, substantially free of PbO, substantially free of ThO2, and substantially free of V, Fe, Cr and Ni, and wherein the composition of the component satisfies the following conditions: 0 mol.%≤min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5)≤18mol.%, and 0mol.%≤min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2≤10mol.%, among which min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5) refers to RE m O n, TiO2 and Nb2O5 concentrations (in mol%) and min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n and the minimum value among the concentrations of TiO2 (in mol %).

[0363] According to the eighteenth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13 to 17, wherein the composition of the component comprises: greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol.% La2O3, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% SiO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% Bi2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% CdO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% GeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% TeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% ZnO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% PbO %, ThO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, Sb2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol.%, F greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, the sum of Nb2O5+TiO2 greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.%, the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% 1.% and less than 40.0 mol.% of the sum of ZrO2 + WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of Li2O + Na2O + K2O, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of Y2O3 + Gd2O3 + Er2O3, and wherein the composition of the components is substantially free of V, Fe, Cr and Ni.

[0364] According to the nineteenth aspect, the glass according to any one of aspects 13 to 18, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: 2.05≤P n ≤2.25.

[0365] According to the twentieth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-19, wherein the refractive index n of the glass at 587.56 nm is d Greater than or equal to 2.05 and less than or equal to 2.25.

[0366] According to the twenty-first aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-20, wherein the composition of the component comprises: the sum of GeO2+TeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb greater than or equal to 0.000 at.% and less than or equal to 0.030 at.%, wherein the composition of the component is substantially free of arsenic, substantially free of fluorine, substantially free of PbO, and substantially free of ThO2.

[0367] According to the twenty-second aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-21, wherein the composition of the component includes: WO3 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, B2O3 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, La2O3 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, Nb2O5 greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, ZrO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, BaO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, and Y2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%.

[0368] According to a twenty-third aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-22, wherein the composition of the components comprises one or more of the following components: 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.5 mol.% or less of WO3, 17.00 mol.% or more and 23.25 mol.% or less of La2O3, 15.5 mol.% or more and 24.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, 15.50 mol.% or more and 21.25 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 17.00 mol.% or more and 23.25 mol.% or less of La2O3, 15.50 ... Nb2O5, 17.00 mol.% or more and 23.25 mol.% or less of La2O3, 17.00 mol.% or more and 23.25 mol.% or less of B2O3, 17.00 mol.% or more and 23.25 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 17.00 mol.% or more and 23.25 mol.% or less of % and less than or equal to 22.5 mol% of TiO2, 3.5 mol% or more and less than or equal to 9.5 mol% of ZrO2, 0.0 mol% or more and less than or equal to 1.8 mol% of BaO, 0.0 mol% or more and less than or equal to 1.8 mol% of Y2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and less than or equal to 1.1 mol% of CaO, and 0.0 mol% or more and less than or equal to 0.9 mol% of Sb2O3.

[0369] According to a twenty-fourth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-23, wherein the composition of the component comprises: 18.0 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less of WO3, 17.5 mol% or more and 23.0 mol% or less of La2O3, 16.75 mol% or more and 23.00 mol% or less of B2O3, 16.4 mol% or more and 20.6 mol% or less of Nb2O5, 10.0 mol% or more and 22.0 mol% or less of TiO2, 4.4 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or more of TiO2, %. 0.6 mol.% ZrO2, 0.4 mol.% or more and 1.6 mol.% or less of Y2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.0 mol.% or less of CaO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, and 0.0 mol.% or more and 3.0 mol.% or less of Alk2O, and all other components totaling 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.%, where Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides.

[0370] According to the twenty-fifth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-24, wherein the glass has a blue light transmittance property Q greater than or equal to 1.3 420 , less than or equal to 6.0g / cm3 Density d at room temperature RT , a refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.095 and less than or equal to 2.2 d , and an Abbe number ν less than or equal to 28 d .

[0371] According to the twenty-sixth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13-25, wherein the glass has a glass transition temperature T less than or equal to 700°C. g , and a liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1150°C liq .

[0372] Many changes and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure without departing substantially from the spirit and various principles of the present disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein, within the scope of the present disclosure and protected by the following claims.

[0373] To the extent not already described, the various features of the various aspects of this disclosure may be used in combination with one another as desired. The fact that a particular feature is not explicitly stated or described with respect to each aspect of this disclosure is not to be construed as impractical, but rather is for the sake of brevity. Thus, various features of different aspects may be mixed and matched as desired to form new aspects, regardless of whether the new aspects are explicitly disclosed.

Claims

1. A glass comprising a plurality of components, wherein the glass has a composition comprising the following components: ● greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% Nb2O5, ● greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% ZrO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% La2O3, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% of P2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of PbO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of GeO2, ● Bi2O3 greater than or equal to 0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.12 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of RE m O n , ● greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.% of the sum of B2O3+SiO2, and optionally comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of CaO, BaO, ZnO, Na2O, WO3, Al2O3, Li2O, TeO2, K2O, SrO and MgO, The composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: ●0mol.%≤min(RO,RE m THE n ,TiO2)≤10mol.%, And wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: ●2.092≤P n ≤2.25, and ●P ν <28， in ●P ν is the dispersion parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXI): ●P n is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXIII): Among them, RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, min(RO,RE m O n ,TiO2) refers to RO, RE m O n and the concentration of TiO2 (in mol%), and asterisks (*) indicate multiplication.

2. The glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass has ● A refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.092 and less than or equal to 2.25 d ;as well as ● An Abbe number ν less than or equal to 28 d .

3. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the composition of the component comprises: ● greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% B2O3, ● greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% La2O3, ● greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of CdO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of TeO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% of ZnO, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.3 mol.% Sb2O3, Greater than or equal to 0.0x 10 0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.005mol.% of Cu+Co, ● greater than or equal to 10.0mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0mol.% of RE m O n , ● F greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, ● greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the sum of Nb2O5+TiO2, 5.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less of the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3, ● the sum of ZrO2+WO3 greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% and less than 15.0 mol.% of the sum of Li2O+Na2O+K2O, and the sum of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, The composition of the components ● Generally does not contain Bi2O3, ●Almost no PbO, Substantially free of ThO2, and ● substantially free of V, Fe, Cr and Ni, and The glass meets the following conditions: ●0mol.%≤min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5)≤18mol.%, Wherein the chemical formula represents the content of the corresponding component in the glass, min(RE m O n ,TiO2,Nb2O5) refers to RE m O n , TiO2 and Nb2O5 concentrations (in mol%).

4. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass satisfies the following conditions: ●P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, Among them, P Q420 is a transmittance evaluation parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXII): R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(0,Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O) means the maximum value between zero and the difference (Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O), "exp" means exponential function, and "ln" means natural logarithm.

5. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition of the component comprises: The sum of GeO2 + TeO2 is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb greater than or equal to 0.000 at.% and less than or equal to 0.030 at.%, The composition of the components ●Almost no arsenic, ●No fluorine is generally present. ● substantially free of PbO, and ●Majorly contains no ThO2.

6. The glass according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, wherein the composition of the component comprises: ● 15.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, ● greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% La2O3, ● greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% ZrO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, and • Y2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%.

7. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition of the components comprises one or more of the following components: ● 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.5 mol.% or less of WO3, ● greater than or equal to 17.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.25 mol.% La2O3, 15.5 mol.% or more and 24.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, greater than or equal to 15.50 mol.% and less than or equal to 21.25 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 3.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.5 mol.% ZrO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.8 mol.% or less of BaO, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% Y2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.1 mol.% or less of CaO, and • Sb2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.9 mol.%.

8. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition of the component comprises ● 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 17.5 mol.% or more and 23.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, greater than or equal to 16.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.00 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 16.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.6 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.0 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 4.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.6 mol.% ZrO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol.% Y2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol.% of CaO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, and 0.0 mol.% or more and 3.0 mol.% or less of Alk2O, and All other components totaling greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, Where Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides.

9. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the glass has ●Blue light transmittance property Q greater than or equal to 1.3 420 , Less than or equal to 6.0g / cm 3 Density d at room temperature RT ,as well as ● A refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.095 and less than or equal to 2.2 d .

10. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the glass has ● Glass transition temperature T less than or equal to 700℃ g ,as well as ●Liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1150℃ liq .

11. A glass comprising a plurality of components, wherein the glass has a composition comprising the following components: ● greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% SiO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% of P2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of PbO, Greater than or equal to 0.0x 10 0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.005at.% Cu+Co, 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of RE m O n , ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.5 mol.% of the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3, the sum of R2O+RO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, ● The sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni is greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, and optionally comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, WO3, Al2O3, Bi2O3, GeO2 and TeO2, The glass meets the following conditions: ●P n >1.8, and ●P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, Among them, P n is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXIII): P Q420 is a transmittance evaluation parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the components according to formula (XXII): RE m O n is the sum of rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(0,Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O) means the maximum value between zero and the difference (Sb2O3-0.015*Alk2O), "exp" means exponential function, "ln" means natural logarithm, and an asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

12. The glass according to claim 11, wherein the glass has ●Refractive index n greater than or equal to 1.8 d ,and The glass meets the following conditions: ●Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000, where Q 420 is the blue light transmittance property, which is calculated according to formula (VIII): Q 420 -ln(k 365 )-B UV *0.36,(VIII) where k 365 is the light absorption coefficient of the glass at a wavelength of 365 nm, which is calculated by formula (II): B UV is the coefficient calculated by formula (XVIII): d is the thickness of the glass, τ int,d,365 is the internal transmittance of the glass with thickness d at a wavelength of 365 nm, τ int,10,370 is the internal transmittance of the glass with a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 370 nm, τ int,10,360 is the internal transmittance of the glass having a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 360 nm, and “ln” refers to the natural logarithm.

13. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the composition of the components comprises: ● greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.5 mol.% La2O3, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, ● Bi2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of CdO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of GeO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% of P2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of TeO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% of ZnO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less of PbO, ThO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol.% Sb2O3, ● F greater than or equal to 0.0 at.% and less than or equal to 1.0 at.%, ● greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 45.0 mol.% of the sum of Nb2O5+TiO2, 5.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less of the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3, ● the sum of ZrO2+WO3 greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, the sum of Li2O+Na2O+K2O greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less of the sum of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, and ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% of the sum of Y2O3+Gd2O3+Er2O3, and The composition of the components ●It contains almost no V, Fe, Cr and Ni.

14. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the composition comprises: The sum of GeO2 + TeO2 is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb greater than or equal to 0.000 at.% and less than or equal to 0.030 at.%, The composition of the components ●Almost no arsenic, ●No fluorine is generally present. ● substantially free of PbO, and ●Majorly contains no ThO2.

15. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the composition of the components comprises: ● 15.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, ● greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% La2O3, ● greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% Nb2O5, ● greater than or equal to 0.3 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% ZrO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, and • Y2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%.

16. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the composition of the components comprises one or more of: ● 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.5 mol.% or less of WO3, ● greater than or equal to 17.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.25 mol.% La2O3, 15.5 mol.% or more and 24.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, greater than or equal to 15.50 mol.% and less than or equal to 21.25 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 3.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.5 mol.% ZrO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.8 mol.% or less of BaO, ● greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% Y2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.1 mol.% or less of CaO, and • Sb2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.9 mol.%.

17. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the composition of the components comprises: ● 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 17.5 mol.% or more and 23.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, greater than or equal to 16.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.00 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 16.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.6 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.0 mol.% TiO2, ● greater than or equal to 4.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.6 mol.% ZrO2, ● greater than or equal to 0.4 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol.% Y2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol.% of CaO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, and 0.0 mol.% or more and 3.0 mol.% or less of Alk2O, and All other components totaling greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, Where Alk2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides.

18. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the glass has a blue light transmittance property Q greater than or equal to 1.3 420 , Less than or equal to 6.0g / cm 3 Density d at room temperature RT , ● A refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.095 and less than or equal to 2.2 d ,as well as ● An Abbe number ν less than or equal to 28 d .

19. The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the glass has a glass transition temperature T less than or equal to 700°C. g ,as well as ●Liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1150℃ liq .

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