Water-based cutting fluid as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal working fluids, and discloses a water-based cutting fluid as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The water-based cutting fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of Guerbet alcohol, 5-12 parts of an antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of a corrosion inhibitor, 3-8 parts of an anti-wear extreme pressure agent, 30-60 parts of base oil, 2-4 parts of a surfactant and 0.1-1 part of a defoaming agent. The total number of carbon atoms of the Guerbet alcohol is 12 to 14; the antioxidant comprises pentaerythritol tetra [beta-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] and beta-naphthol according to a mass ratio of (10 to 35): 1. The water-based cutting fluid disclosed by the invention has excellent lubricating performance, rust resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance and defoaming performance, can be applied to the cutting process of various metal materials such as steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy and copper alloy, effectively reduces the cutting temperature, reduces thermal deformation and residual stress, and improves the machining precision and the surface quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metalworking fluids and discloses a water-based cutting fluid and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The core objectives of cryogenic cutting fluids are to effectively reduce the temperature of the machining area, provide adequate lubrication, reduce tool wear, prevent workpiece corrosion, improve machined surface quality, and minimize harm to the environment and human health. With the widespread application of high-speed, high-efficiency, and precision machining technologies, more stringent requirements are being placed on the comprehensive performance of cutting fluids.

[0003] However, metal products are prone to rust during processing, production, transportation, and storage, and in severe cases, their performance can even be impaired. Traditional cutting fluids are prone to lubrication failure, corruption, and difficulty in waste fluid treatment under extreme working conditions. Mineral oil-based cutting fluids, while offering good lubricity, have low cooling efficiency, can easily lead to high-temperature deformation of workpieces (such as curling) and the risk of magnesium chip combustion. Furthermore, they are poorly biodegradable and contain potential carcinogens (such as chlorine, sulfur compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). This leads to high waste fluid treatment costs and poses a significant threat to the environment and human health.

[0004] Although water-based cutting fluids have significant advantages in cooling performance and can effectively take away a large amount of cutting heat, reduce the temperature of the processing surface, and overcome the disadvantages brought by high temperature, their application also exposes many key problems: (1) Insufficient anti-rust performance: The characteristic of using water as a carrier makes water-based cutting fluids generally have weak anti-rust ability on metals, especially active metals such as aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys; (2) Poor lubrication performance: The lubricity of existing water-based cutting fluids cannot effectively suppress boundary friction, resulting in increased tool wear and decreased processing surface quality; (3) Poor biological stability: Water-based systems are very prone to breeding bacteria and mold in warm and humid environments (especially in summer), causing the cutting fluid to deteriorate, smell, and p H value imbalance and performance degradation require frequent replacement or addition of large amounts of fungicides, which not only increase the cost of use but also bring a burden to on-site management; (4) Limited adaptability to low temperatures: In low temperature environments or under specific processing requirements, water-based cutting fluids may freeze or their viscosity may increase significantly, resulting in poor fluidity, difficulty in pumping, and uneven wetting, which seriously affects their lubrication and cooling effects and even shortens their service life; (5) Environmental and health hazards: Traditional formulas often rely on phenol, formaldehyde-releasing fungicides, chlorinated paraffin, nitrites and other toxic and harmful substances in pursuit of specific performance (such as extreme pressure and antibacterial properties). These ingredients are irritating to human skin and respiratory system and pose long-term health risks.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of water-based cutting fluid that has excellent extreme pressure lubrication performance, rust and corrosion resistance, and biological stability on the basis of improving the excellent cooling capacity of the water-based system to meet the requirements of high-precision processing, and achieve efficient cooling, strong lubrication, long-term rust prevention, environmental friendliness, health and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a water-based cutting fluid and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a water-based cutting fluid comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of Guerbet alcohols, 5-12 parts of an antioxidant, 0.2-1 parts of a corrosion inhibitor, 3-8 parts of an anti-wear extreme pressure agent, 30-60 parts of a base oil, 2-4 parts of a surfactant, and 0.1-1 parts of a defoaming agent; the Guerbet alcohols have a total carbon atom count of 12-14; and the antioxidant comprises pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and β-naphthol in a mass ratio of (10-35):1.

[0009] The cutting fluid obtained by compounding Guerbet alcohols, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear and extreme pressure agents, base oils, surfactants, and defoaming agents is suitable for use in water-based systems and exhibits excellent lubrication, rust and corrosion resistance, low-temperature resistance, and defoaming properties. Specifically, the Guerbet alcohols, which have a specific total number of carbon atoms, possess both hydrophobicity and moderate hydrophilicity in the cutting fluid. This not only synergizes with the other ingredients to effectively inhibit ice crystal formation, preventing pumping failure and uneven wetting caused by freezing, but also ensures normal use in extreme environments. Furthermore, the Guerbet alcohols, in conjunction with the other ingredients, form a thicker physical barrier on the metal surface, significantly inhibiting corrosion of active metals by water and oxygen. Secondly, the compound of pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] and β-naphthol forms an antioxidant network that cooperates with other components to give the cutting fluid good lubrication, rust and corrosion resistance and stability, so that it can still maintain stable lubrication and rust prevention effects under low temperature conditions; at the same time, in a humid or high humidity environment, the antioxidant network system can provide continuous anti-rust protection, preventing the workpiece from rusting during processing gaps or storage, and reducing processing defects and scrap rates caused by rust.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention, the mass ratio of the pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] to the β-naphthol is (20-30):1.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention, the Guerbet alcohol has a total of 12 carbon atoms.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention, the surfactant includes at least one of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, polydimethylsiloxane, isomeric tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention, the corrosion inhibitor includes benzotriazole and / or L-proline.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention, the anti-wear extreme pressure agent includes pentaerythritol stearate and / or alkyl polysulfide.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention, the defoaming agent includes dimethyl silicone oil and / or polyacrylate.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the water-based cutting fluid, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) uniformly mixing the surfactant and the defoaming agent to obtain a mixture A;

[0018] (2) adding the Guerbet alcohol, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, and base oil to the mixture A and mixing them uniformly to obtain a mixture B;

[0019] (3) Adding the anti-wear extreme pressure agent to the mixture B and mixing them evenly to obtain the water-based cutting fluid.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, in step (1), the mixing temperature is 40°C-50°C, and the time is 20 min-40 min; in step (2), the mixing temperature is 55°C-70°C, and the time is 15 min-30 min; in step (3), the mixing temperature is 85°C-90°C, and the time is 15 min-20 min.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of the water-based cutting fluid in cutting processing machinery and / or electronic equipment.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The synergistic antioxidant system in the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention can significantly reduce the oxidation rate of the cutting fluid in extreme processing environments, thereby extending the service life of the cutting fluid; it can also effectively inhibit the oxidative degradation of base oil and additives, reduce sludge and colloid precipitation, avoid problems such as increased viscosity and poor fluidity of the cutting fluid due to oxidation and deterioration, and ensure the stable performance of the cutting fluid during processing. (2) The Guerbet alcohol with a specific total number of carbon atoms in the water-based cutting fluid of the present invention has both hydrophobicity and moderate hydrophilicity in the cutting fluid. On the one hand, it can cooperate with other components to effectively inhibit ice crystal formation, avoid pumping failure and uneven wetting caused by system freezing, and ensure normal use in severe cold environments; on the other hand, it cooperates with other components to form a dense adsorption film on the metal surface, blocking the contact between water molecules and the metal matrix, and significantly reducing the corrosion rate of workpieces and machine tools. (3) The water-based cutting fluid of the present invention achieves synergistic optimization of multiple functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-rust, anti-wear, and cooling by compounding Guerbet alcohols, a synergistic antioxidant system, a high-efficiency corrosion inhibitor, and an anti-wear extreme pressure agent. It can effectively reduce cutting temperature, reduce thermal deformation and residual stress, and improve processing accuracy and surface quality. (4) The water-based cutting fluid of the present invention is suitable for processing various metal materials such as steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, and copper alloy, meeting the processing needs of different industries. In addition, the compound system does not contain harmful substances such as nitrites and phenols, has low toxicity and excellent biodegradability, has low irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, meets environmental protection requirements, and can reduce harm to operators and the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] The following is an elaboration with reference to specific embodiments to illustrate the practical effects of the present invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples are conventional methods; the materials, reagents, equipment, etc. used are all available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0026] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are described below, but are not limited to these materials:

[0027] Table 1: Raw materials and manufacturers

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] In the following examples and comparative examples, the preparation method of the water-based cutting fluid involved comprises the following steps:

[0031] (1) Mixing a surfactant, a defoaming agent, and water at 45° C. to obtain a mixture A;

[0032] (2) Guerbet alcohol, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, base oil and mixture A are mixed, the temperature is raised to 60°C, and the mixture is dispersed for 25 minutes. Then, an anti-wear extreme pressure agent is added, the temperature is raised to 87°C, and the mixture is dispersed for another 20 minutes to obtain a water-based cutting fluid.

[0033] The raw materials (by weight) of the cryogenic cutting fluids of the following examples and comparative examples are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0034] Table 2: Raw material ratios of water-based cutting fluids according to the present invention (parts by weight)

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] Table 3: Raw material ratios of water-based cutting fluids of the comparative example of the present invention (parts by weight)

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Test example: Performance test of water-based cutting fluid

[0041] The performance of the water-based cutting fluids obtained in the above examples and comparative examples was tested.

[0042] (1) Corrosion test: Carry out in accordance with the provisions of GB / T 6144, at 55℃±2℃, for cast iron for 24 hours.

[0043] (2) Wet heat test: carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB / T 2361-1992.

[0044] (3) Low temperature adhesion test: carried out in accordance with the provisions of SH / T 0211-1998, the conditions are -30℃±2℃, 1h.

[0045] (4) Defoaming test: carried out in accordance with the provisions of ASTM E2407-2004 (2009).

[0046] (5) Lubricity test: Carried out in accordance with the provisions of SH / T 0189, the conditions are 1200 r / min, 294 N, 60 min.

[0047] (6) Chlorine content: tested using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

[0048] Table 4: Performance test results of low temperature cutting fluid

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The data in Table 4 demonstrate that: first, the water-based cutting fluid prepared using the specified component contents in the present embodiment exhibits excellent stability, maintaining a slightly yellowish, transparent state for extended periods without delamination, precipitation, or deterioration, meeting the requirements for use as a cutting fluid. Furthermore, its corrosion and rust prevention properties meet the GB / T6144 standard, reaching Class A, indicating that the water-based cutting fluid in the present embodiment effectively protects metals from corrosion and rust during machining. Furthermore, its excellent defoaming performance, with a minimum defoaming time of 8 seconds, effectively prevents insufficient cooling or false level sensor alarms caused by foam overflow during machining. Secondly, the water-based cutting fluid in the present embodiment passed the SH / T 0211-1998 low-temperature adhesion test, ensuring uniform coverage of the machining area even in low-temperature environments, avoiding lubrication failure due to poor fluidity and preventing embrittlement of the anti-rust film caused by low temperatures. Furthermore, its minimum friction coefficient is 0.113 mm, significantly reducing tool wear and making it suitable for intermittent cutting or heavy-load machining. In addition, the chlorine content of the water-based cutting fluid in the embodiment of the present invention meets the standard, which can avoid harm to the health of operators and the environment, and reduce corrosion to the coating of the machine tool.

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the water-based cutting fluids of Comparative Examples 1-3 do not use Guerbet alcohols having a specific total number of carbon atoms, resulting in poor lubrication performance, rust and corrosion resistance, and low-temperature resistance of the cutting fluids of Comparative Examples 1-3; and Comparative Examples 4-9 do not use a compound of pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and β-naphthol or their mass ratio is not (10-35):1, resulting in poor stability, poor wear resistance, poor lubrication performance, and poor biodegradability of the cutting fluids of Comparative Examples 4-9.

[0053] It can be seen that the water-based cutting fluid prepared by using the specific content components of the present invention has excellent stability, lubrication, corrosion resistance and defoaming performance, can effectively prevent oxidation and corrosion of metals during the processing process, and ensure the processing quality and subsequent use performance of the materials; significantly reduce the cutting force and friction coefficient during the processing process, reduce tool wear, improve processing efficiency and its surface finish; can quickly eliminate foam and keep the cutting fluid clean and effective; and the compound system does not contain harmful substances such as nitrites and phenols, has low toxicity and excellent biodegradability, has low irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, meets environmental protection requirements, and can reduce harm to operators and the environment.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-based cutting fluid, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of Guerbet alcohol, 5-12 parts of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of corrosion inhibitor, 3-8 parts of anti-wear extreme pressure agent, 30-60 parts of base oil, 2-4 parts of surfactant, and 0.1-1 part of defoaming agent; the total number of carbon atoms in the Guerbet alcohol is 12-14; the antioxidant comprises pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and β-naphthol in a mass ratio of (10-35):

1.

2. The water-based cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and the β-naphthol is (20-30):

1.

3. The water-based cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein The total number of carbon atoms in the Guerbet alcohols is 12.

4. The water-based cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein The surfactant includes at least one of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, polydimethylsiloxane, isomeric tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

5. The water-based cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein The corrosion inhibitor includes benzotriazole and / or L-proline.

6. The water-based cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that The anti-wear extreme pressure agent includes pentaerythritol stearate and / or alkyl polysulfide.

7. The water-based cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein The defoaming agent includes dimethyl silicone oil and / or polyacrylate.

8. The method for preparing the water-based cutting fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) uniformly mixing the surfactant and the defoaming agent to obtain a mixture A; (2) adding the Guerbet alcohol, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, and base oil to the mixture A and mixing them uniformly to obtain a mixture B; (3) Adding the anti-wear extreme pressure agent to the mixture B and mixing them evenly to obtain the water-based cutting fluid.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein In step (1), the mixing temperature is 40°C-50°C; in step (2), the mixing temperature is 55°C-70°C; in step (3), the mixing temperature is 85°C-90°C.

10. Use of the water-based cutting fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in cutting machinery and / or electronic equipment.

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