Radar runway anti-intrusion system

Abstract

The invention relates to a radar runway anti-intrusion system, which comprises an airport management system, terminal display and control equipment, a communication network and microwave radars, and is technically characterized in that a plurality of microwave radars are erected at the edge of an airport boundary in a distributed manner and perform directional radiation in a horizontal interval of-45 degrees to + 45 degrees towards a runway area; the whole runway and surrounding areas needing to be monitored are covered through joint detection of the microwave radars, the microwave radars are connected with the terminal display and control equipment through the communication network, and the terminal display and control equipment is further connected with the airport management system. The problem that an existing runway anti-intrusion system depending on video monitoring or an infrared sensor is easily influenced by optical visibility is solved, and the defects that in severe weather, the observation range is limited, and information such as the accurate orientation, geographic information and speed of a moving target cannot be detected are overcome. The system has the advantages of all-weather work, whole-course monitoring area coverage, high detection rate, low false alarm rate, high positioning precision and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aviation safety, and in particular to a radar runway anti-intrusion system. Background Art

[0002] At present, runway intrusion prevention systems mostly rely on video surveillance, infrared sensors, laser beams, etc., which have poor environmental adaptability, limited protection distance, and cannot accurately track targets in real time, and cannot effectively prevent them. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a radar runway intrusion prevention system with high working reliability and the ability to accurately track targets in real time, so as to solve the problem that existing runway intrusion prevention systems that rely on video surveillance or infrared sensors are easily affected by optical visibility, overcome the defects of limited observation range in bad weather and inability to detect the accurate position, geographic information, speed and other information of moving targets, and have the advantages of all-weather operation, full coverage of the monitoring area, high detection rate, low false alarm rate and high positioning accuracy.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: A radar runway intrusion prevention system includes an airport management system, terminal display and control equipment, a communication network, and microwave radars. The key technical features are: multiple microwave radars are distributed and installed at the edge of the airport perimeter, radiating directional radiation in a horizontal range of -45° to +45° toward the runway area. The combined detection of the microwave radars covers the entire runway and surrounding areas requiring monitoring. Each microwave radar is connected to the terminal display and control equipment via a communication network, and the terminal display and control equipment is further connected to the airport management system. Each microwave radar directionally emits electromagnetic waves to detect targets intruding into its respective monitoring area, and transmits the monitored target data to the terminal display and control equipment via the communication network. The terminal display and control equipment uniformly processes, displays, and issues alarms on the monitoring data transmitted by each microwave radar, achieving precise tracking and positioning of the detected targets, displaying monitoring images, and uploading the monitoring data to the airport management system.

[0005] In the above-mentioned radar runway intrusion prevention system, the airport management system, terminal display and control equipment, communication network and microwave radar are respectively powered by an AC 220 V power supply at the airport perimeter or in the airport control center.

[0006] In the above-mentioned radar runway intrusion prevention system, the microwave radar operates in the K-band and adopts a 3-transmitter, 3-receiver frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) phased array system; the model of the microwave radar is LWY-ASD10.

[0007] In the above-mentioned radar runway intrusion prevention system, the terminal display and control equipment includes a server, a display, a mouse and a keyboard; the server is connected to the communication network via a network cable; the server has built-in display and control software to build a runway intrusion prevention display and control platform. The runway intrusion prevention display and control platform is a Web application for radar system management, designed to manage multiple microwave radars through a Web interface, monitor radar data in real time, and perform data analysis, display and alarm.

[0008] The above-mentioned radar runway intrusion prevention system, the display and control software realizes the analysis and processing of monitoring data and the real-time accurate tracking and positioning of the detection target, and integrates the processes of signal processing, data association and state estimation; specifically, moving target detection and constant false alarm detection are used to suppress clutter and distinguish targets from noise, pulse compression is used to improve distance resolution, and then threshold detection is used to generate original point tracks; then Doppler analysis is used to extract the target radial velocity, polarization processing is used to identify the target attributes, and DBSCAN clustering and centroid estimation are used to achieve point track condensation; in the target tracking stage, the logical method is used to start the track; the nearest neighbor method and joint probability data association solve the data association problem; state prediction and correction are carried out through Kalman filtering and extended Kalman filtering, multi-radar collaborative positioning relies on the coordinate conversion algorithm to unify the geographic reference and PTP protocol to achieve time synchronization, track fusion is used to integrate data, and the least squares method is used to improve positioning accuracy and output unified and stable track information.

[0009] In the above-mentioned radar runway intrusion prevention system, the server initializes and sets the operating parameters of each microwave radar through the control display interface of the display to control its working status.

[0010] The above-mentioned radar runway intrusion prevention system, the communication network includes multiple fiber optic transceivers A corresponding one to one with microwave radars, optical cable splicing boxes connected to the output end of each optical fiber transceiver A, multiple optical fiber transceivers B connected to the output end of the optical cable splicing box, and a network switch connected to the output end of each optical fiber transceiver B. The number of optical fiber transceivers B is equal to that of optical fiber transceivers A. The optical fiber ports of the optical fiber transceivers A are connected to the optical cable splicing boxes through corresponding branch optical cables. The optical cable splicing boxes converge the optical fiber branches output by each optical fiber transceiver A into a multi-core optical cable and output it to the optical fiber ports of each optical fiber transceiver B. The network port of the optical fiber transceiver B is connected to the network switch through a network cable.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention uses microwave radar monitoring technology to address the vulnerability of existing runway intrusion prevention systems, which rely on video surveillance or infrared sensors, to optical visibility. It also overcomes the limitations of limited observation range in inclement weather and the inability to accurately detect the precise position, geographic information, and speed of moving targets. It provides early warning and continuous, effective tracking, ensuring controllers have real-time visibility of the status of each airport runway and its surrounding areas, ensuring flight safety on each runway. It offers advantages such as all-weather operation, full coverage of the monitoring area, high detection rate, low false alarm rate, high positioning accuracy, and excellent cost-effectiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication network of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the terminal display and control device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the installation location and power coverage of the radar runway anti-intrusion system provided by the present invention at a certain airport; In the figure: 1. Microwave radar, 2. Communication network, 3. Terminal display and control equipment, 4. Airport management system, 5. Fiber optic transceiver A, 6. Fiber optic cable junction box, 7. Fiber optic transceiver B, 8. Network switch, 9. Server, 10. Monitor, 11. Keyboard and mouse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] This radar runway intrusion prevention system includes an airport management system 4, a terminal display and control device 3, a communication network 2, and microwave radars 1. The microwave radars 1 are distributed, numbering an integer N, and are installed at the edge of the airport perimeter, radiating directional radiation in a horizontal range of -45° to +45° toward the runway area. The combined detection of each microwave radar 1 covers the entire runway and its surrounding areas requiring monitoring. Each microwave radar 1 is connected to the terminal display and control device 3 via the communication network 2, which is in turn connected to the airport management system 4. Each microwave radar 1 transmits electromagnetic waves in a directionally oriented manner to detect targets intruding into its respective monitoring area. The detected target data is then transmitted to the terminal display and control device 3 via the communication network 2. The terminal display and control device 3 then uniformly processes, displays, and issues alarms on the monitoring data transmitted by each microwave radar 1, achieving precise tracking and positioning of the detected targets, displaying monitoring images, and uploading the monitoring data to the airport management system 4.

[0015] In this embodiment, the airport management system 4, the terminal display and control device 3, the communication network 2 and the microwave radar 1 are respectively powered by an AC 220 V power supply at the airport boundary or in the airport control center.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, microwave radar 1 is the core device in the runway intrusion prevention system. It is a phased array radar using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW). It consists of antenna, receiving, transmitting, signal processing, and data processing systems. Using modern microwave and digital signal processing technologies, these systems are integrated into a single device, enabling precise positioning of moving objects within the monitoring area and outputting information such as their relative position, direction, and speed. The microwave radar model used is the LWY-ASD10, and its external connections include a power supply and a network port. It operates in the K-band and employs an array antenna with three transmit channels and 32 receive channels. It utilizes digital beamforming (DBF) technology and radar data processing algorithms such as constant false alarm detection (CFAR), point-track agglomeration (DB-SCAN), joint probabilistic data association (JPDA), and Kalman filtering to ultimately output target track information to communication network 2.

[0017] like Figure 2 As shown, the communication network 2 includes: a fiber optic transceiver A5, an optical cable splice box 6, an optical fiber transceiver B7, and a network switch 8. The optical fiber transceiver A5 converts the network signals received from each microwave radar 1 into optical signals and outputs them to the optical cable splice box 6. The optical cable splice box 6 gathers the optical fibers from N optical cables received from N optical fiber transceivers A5 into one optical cable. After transmission over a certain distance, each optical fiber branch in the optical cable is connected to the optical fiber transceiver B7 of the corresponding branch. The optical fiber transceiver B7 converts the received optical fiber signals from each branch into network signals. Finally, the optical fiber signals are connected to the ports of the network switch 8 via a network cable. The network switch 8 gathers the network signals received from each optical fiber transceiver B7 into one network signal for output. The models of fiber optic transceiver A5 and fiber optic transceiver B7 can be selected according to the fiber optic communication distance within the system; the models of optical cable junction box 6 and network switch 8 can be selected according to the number of communication links in the system; the optical cable uses outdoor finished armored single-mode optical cable, and the number of cores can be determined according to the number of each communication branch.

[0018] like Figure 3As shown, the terminal display and control device 3 includes a server 9, a display 10, and a mouse and keyboard 11. The server 9 receives network signals from the network switch 8 and is connected to the display 10, mouse, and keyboard 11. The server 9 includes built-in display and control software that processes the received signals, creating a runway intrusion prevention display and control platform. This platform is a web application for radar system management. It is designed to manage multiple microwave radars, monitor radar data in real time, and perform data analysis, display, and alarms through a web interface. It also has a network port connected to the airport management system 4 for reporting radar track data.

[0019] The display and control software realizes the analysis and processing of monitoring data and the real-time accurate tracking and positioning of detection targets, integrating the processes of signal processing, data association and state estimation; the display and control software uses MTI (moving target detection) and CFAR (constant false alarm detection) to suppress clutter and distinguish targets from noise, uses pulse compression to improve distance resolution, and then generates original point tracks through threshold detection. Subsequently, the radial velocity of the target is extracted through Doppler analysis, polarization processing is used to identify target attributes, and DBSCAN clustering and centroid estimation are used to achieve point track condensation. In the target tracking stage, the logical method is used to start the track; the nearest neighbor (NN) and joint probability data association (JPDA) are used to solve the data association problem; the Kalman filter (KF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to predict and correct the state. The multi-radar collaborative positioning relies on the coordinate conversion algorithm to unify the geographic reference and the PTP protocol to achieve time synchronization. Track fusion is used to integrate data, and the least squares method is used to improve positioning accuracy and output unified and stable track information.

[0020] Specifically, the entire process begins with the processing of the original radar echo signal: first, signal preprocessing is performed, and stationary clutter is suppressed through moving target indication (MTI) and Doppler filtering, and the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) technology is applied to adaptively adjust the detection threshold to effectively distinguish between real targets and environmental noise; then pulse compression is performed, and matched filter technology is used to significantly improve the range resolution; the processed signal is threshold-detected to generate discrete points containing distance, azimuth, elevation, and Doppler velocity information; to further refine the information, multi-dimensional feature extraction is performed, including the target's motion characteristics and scattering characteristics, and the radar cross-section (RCS) and polarization characteristics in the scattering characteristics are used to distinguish target types; for multiple scattering points generated by large targets or close-range target groups, the system uses a clustering algorithm (DBSCAN) to condense the points and estimate the target's center of mass position and outline size.

[0021] After completing point-level perception, the system enters the target tracking and positioning phase: First, the track is initiated using a "logical method" (e.g., three consecutive frames of stable detection and continuous motion). This is followed by the core data association phase. In simple scenarios, the nearest neighbor (NN) method can be used. However, in complex environments with dense targets or interference, advanced algorithms such as joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) or multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) are employed to calculate the probability of association between each point track and the existing track, solving the question of "which point track belongs to which target." Successfully associated points are input into the state estimation algorithm for track filtering and prediction. For linearly moving targets, a Kalman filter (KF) is used. It predicts the next position based on a target motion model (e.g., a uniform straight line model) and then compares it with the measured value for error correction. For maneuvering targets (e.g., turning, accelerating, or decelerating), an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is required.

[0022] To achieve higher-precision positioning, especially in complex environments or large-scale surveillance scenarios, multi-radar collaborative technology is crucial. Its core is the unification of spatial and temporal references: through precise geographic coordinate conversion and nanosecond-level time synchronization, all radar data are in the same spatial and temporal reference frame. Multi-radar data fusion is then performed on this basis, primarily at two levels: track-level fusion, where each radar independently completes tracking and reports track information; and point-level fusion, where the original points are directly integrated for unified tracking. The fusion algorithm leverages the geometric observation advantages of multiple radars, employing the least squares method to determine the optimal target position or using the time difference between signals reaching different radars for high-precision positioning. Ultimately, the output is unified, stable, and highly accurate system-level track information.

[0023] The terminal display and control device of this invention supports connection to up to 64 radar devices, capable of receiving and displaying radar data in real time, and supports real-time processing and display of large-scale data. The server's preferred configuration includes: Windows Server 2019 or higher operating system; a 16-core CPU with a clock speed of 2.5 GHz or higher; at least 32GB of RAM; a 500GB SSD hard drive; and a 1Gb LAN network bandwidth. The server initializes the operating parameters of each microwave radar and controls its operating status through the display's control interface.

[0024] like Figure 4Figure 2 shows the installation locations and coverage of the microwave radars in the radar runway intrusion prevention system provided by the present invention at a specific airport. Five microwave radars are installed in this system: two at point A, two at point B, and one at point C. Each microwave radar (1) radiates directional radiation at a horizontal angle of -45° to +45° toward a specific area of ​​the runway. The sectors in the figure represent the coverage area of ​​the corresponding microwave radar. Ultimately, the combined detection of the microwave radars (1) covers the entire runway and its surrounding areas.

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the contents described are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radar runway intrusion prevention system, comprising an airport management system, terminal display and control equipment, a communication network, and a microwave radar, characterized in that: There are multiple microwave radars, which are distributed and installed at the edge of the airport fence and directional radiate in the horizontal range of -45° to +45° toward the runway area. The joint detection of each microwave radar covers the entire runway and the surrounding areas that need to be monitored. Each microwave radar is connected to a terminal display and control device via a communication network. The terminal display and control device is also connected to the airport management system. Each microwave radar transmits electromagnetic waves in a directionally manner to detect targets that intrude into its respective monitoring area, and transmits the monitored target data to the terminal display and control device via the communication network. The terminal display and control device uniformly processes, displays and alarms the monitoring data transmitted by each microwave radar, thereby realizing the implementation of accurate tracking and positioning of the detected targets, displaying the monitoring screen, and uploading the monitoring data to the airport management system.

2. The radar runway intrusion prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airport management system, terminal display and control equipment, communication network and microwave radar are respectively powered by an AC 220 V power supply at the airport boundary or in the airport control center.

3. The radar runway intrusion prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave radar operates in the K-band and adopts a 3-transmitter, 32-receiver frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) phased array system.

4. The radar runway intrusion prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal display and control equipment includes a server, a display, a mouse and a keyboard; the server is connected to the communication network via a network cable; the server has built-in display and control software to build a runway intrusion prevention display and control platform. The runway intrusion prevention display and control platform is a Web application for radar system management, designed to manage multiple microwave radars through a Web interface, monitor radar data in real time, and perform data analysis, display and alarm.

5. The radar runway intrusion prevention system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The display and control software uses moving target detection and constant false alarm detection to suppress clutter and distinguish targets from noise, uses pulse compression to improve distance resolution, and then generates original point traces through threshold detection; Then, the target radial velocity is extracted through Doppler analysis, the target attributes are identified through polarization processing, and the point traces are condensed using DBSCAN clustering and centroid estimation. During the target tracking phase, the logical method is used to initiate the track; the nearest neighbor method and joint probabilistic data association are used to solve the data association problem; state prediction and correction are performed through Kalman filtering and extended Kalman filtering. Multi-radar collaborative positioning relies on the coordinate conversion algorithm to unify the geographic reference and PTP protocol to achieve time synchronization, track fusion is used to integrate data, and the least squares method is used to improve positioning accuracy to output unified and stable track information.

6. The radar runway intrusion prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The server initializes and sets the working parameters of each microwave radar through the control display interface of the display to control its working status.

7. The radar runway intrusion prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication network includes multiple fiber optic transceivers A corresponding one to one with the microwave radar, optical cable splicing boxes connected to the output end of each fiber optic transceiver A, multiple fiber optic transceivers B connected to the output end of the optical cable splicing box, and a network switch connected to the output end of each fiber optic transceiver B. The number of the fiber optic transceivers B is equal to that of the fiber optic transceiver A. The optical fiber ports of the fiber optic transceivers A are connected to the optical cable splicing boxes through corresponding branch optical cables. The optical cable splicing boxes converge the optical fiber branches output by each fiber optic transceiver A into a multi-core optical cable and output it to the optical fiber ports of each fiber optic transceiver B. The network port of the fiber optic transceiver B is connected to the network switch through a network cable.

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