Prediction method for paste flow slope angle in long and narrow access

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting a paste flow slope angle in a long and narrow drift, belongs to the technical field of filling, and solves the problem that the prediction of a filling slope angle in the prior art is mostly based on an empirical formula or a static homogeneous model, and the influence of dynamic settlement of waste rocks on slurry flow resistance and a slope shape is not considered. The method comprises the steps that a paste similarity model is constructed based on basic parameters of paste raw materials, the influence degree of influence factors on a flowing slope angle is analyzed based on range analysis in combination with interaction, a flowing slope angle calculation model is converted into a slope angle satisfaction function, and optimal filling parameters of the slope angle are obtained; through pre-design and implementation of an orthogonal experiment scheme, the influence of multiple influence factors and interaction of the influence factors on the paste flow slope angle can be comprehensively researched, the one-sidedness possibly brought by single factor analysis is avoided, the obtained influence rule is more comprehensive and deeper, and the analysis efficiency is improved. The method is different from a homogeneous flow model or a simplified discrete element model which is mostly adopted by an existing numerical simulation method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of filling, and in particular relates to a method for predicting the flow slope angle of paste in a narrow and long passage. Background Art

[0002] Amidst rising global demand for mineral resources, shallow mineral resources are gradually becoming depleted, making deep ore mining an inevitable trend in the mining industry. Compared to shallow mining, deep ore mining faces numerous challenges, including significantly higher requirements for backfill quality. Against this backdrop, full tailings-waste rock gypsum backfilling technology has been widely adopted in mining operations due to its safety, environmental, and economic advantages. This technology incorporates waste rock as coarse aggregate into the backfill slurry, creating a paste that is then filled into underground goafs, effectively improving the safety, environmental friendliness, and economic efficiency of backfill operations.

[0003] Currently, the flow of slurry in a mine is mostly studied in mines with relatively small lengths and widths. There is relatively little research on slurry in narrow mines. Furthermore, research on full tailings-waste gypsum filling technology has primarily focused on static slurry ratio optimization, strength characterization, and flow characteristics analysis. However, research on the migration patterns of waste rock particles, slurry stratification behavior, and slope angle evolution mechanisms during dynamic filling is severely insufficient. In existing technologies, predictions of filling slope angles are often based on empirical formulas or static homogeneous models, failing to consider the impact of dynamic waste rock sedimentation on slurry flow resistance and slope morphology. Furthermore, during the filling of narrow access roads, slurry flow exhibits typical non-Newtonian fluid characteristics and granular two-phase flow characteristics, with its flow resistance being affected by the dynamic coupling of waste rock particle size distribution, concentration gradient, and flow velocity. Existing numerical simulation methods often employ homogeneous flow models or simplified discrete element models, which are unable to truly reflect the sedimentation, collision, and spatial distribution patterns of waste rock particles during flow, resulting in a significant disconnect between slope angle prediction results and actual engineering practice. To address the above problems, we proposed a method to predict the slope angle of paste flow in narrow and long channels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage. It solves the problem that the prediction of the filling slope angle in the existing technology is mostly based on empirical formulas or static homogeneous models, and fails to consider the influence of dynamic settlement of waste rock on the slurry flow resistance and slope morphology.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by providing a method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage, the method comprising:

[0006] S10, obtaining paste raw materials, performing physical experimental measurements on the paste raw materials, and obtaining basic parameters of the paste raw materials;

[0007] S20, loading basic parameters of the paste raw materials, constructing a paste similarity model based on the basic parameters of the paste raw materials, pre-designing an orthogonal experimental scheme, mixing the paste raw materials based on the orthogonal experimental scheme, adding a water reducer to prepare a paste slurry, injecting the paste slurry into the paste similarity model for a simulation experiment, and obtaining a simulation experiment result;

[0008] S30, loading simulation test results, based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis to analyze the influence of influencing factors on the flow slope angle, and obtain multi-factor influence analysis results;

[0009] S40, setting a target constraint for the flow slope angle, obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on the target constraint for the flow slope angle and the results of a multi-factor influence analysis, converting the flow slope angle calculation model into a slope angle satisfaction function, and obtaining optimal filling parameters for the slope angle.

[0010] Preferably, the method of performing physical experimental measurement on the paste raw material includes:

[0011] S101, obtaining paste raw materials and performing physical and chemical property tests on the paste raw materials, wherein the physical and chemical property tests include water content specific gravity, loose / tight bulk density, porosity, and particle size distribution tests. The paste raw materials include whole tailings, waste rock, and water reducer;

[0012] S102, using a laser particle size analyzer to analyze the particle size of the whole tailings in the paste raw material to obtain the particle size analysis results of the whole tailings;

[0013] S103, analyzing the waste rock particle size through a screening experiment to obtain a waste rock particle size analysis result.

[0014] Preferably, the method for constructing a paste similarity model based on basic parameters of paste raw materials comprises:

[0015] S201, based on the actual stope size, restore the actual stope at a similarity ratio of 1:40 and make a paste similarity model of a narrow and long approach;

[0016] S202, raising the paste-like model by 20 mm to prevent the paste slurry from overflowing;

[0017] Preferably, when pre-designing the orthogonal experimental scheme, the experimental influencing factors and levels are determined, and the experimental influencing factors are mass concentration, water reducer dosage, and waste rock dosage, and three levels are set for each of the experimental influencing factors.

[0018] Preferably, the method for analyzing the influence of influencing factors on the flow slope angle based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis includes:

[0019] S301, loading simulation test results, using range analysis method to analyze the simulation test results, and analyzing the influence of mass concentration, water reducer dosage, and waste rock dosage on yield stress, K value, bleeding rate, and sedimentation slope angle SSA;

[0020] S302, establishing a multivariate nonlinear regression model between yield stress, K value, BR, SSA and MC, WAD, and WRD based on the simulation test results;

[0021] S303, using Origin numerical processing software and combined with a multiple linear regression model, a three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA was constructed;

[0022] S304, obtaining a three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA, and analyzing the interaction effects between influencing factors by combining the three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA to obtain a multi-factor influence analysis result.

[0023] Preferably, the method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints of the flow slope angle and multi-factor influence analysis results includes:

[0024] S401, defining an optimal range of flow slope angles based on engineering specifications, with the optimal range of flow slope angles as a target constraint;

[0025] S402, loading the target constraint of the flow slope angle, and obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on the target constraint of the flow slope angle and the results of multi-factor influence analysis;

[0026] S403, setting weight factors, converting the multi-objective into a single-objective optimization problem, and converting the flow slope angle calculation model into a slope angle satisfaction function.

[0027] S404, based on the weighted geometric mean method, the response variables are considered equally important and the overall satisfaction function of the flow slope angle is calculated;

[0028] S405, using MATLAB software to solve the overall satisfaction function, solve the extreme value of the overall satisfaction function, and obtain the optimal filling parameters of the slope angle.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, a systematic and comprehensive research system is formed from multiple links such as acquisition of basic parameters of raw materials, construction of similarity models, design and implementation of orthogonal experiments, and range analysis and interaction analysis. Through the pre-design and implementation of the orthogonal experimental scheme, it is possible to comprehensively study the effects of multiple influencing factors and their interactions on the flow slope angle of the paste, avoiding the one-sidedness that may be caused by single factor analysis, making the obtained influence law more comprehensive and in-depth, and different from the homogeneous flow model or simplified discrete element model often used in existing numerical simulation methods, this method obtains the basic parameters of the paste raw materials by obtaining the paste raw materials and conducting physical experimental measurements, and then constructs a paste similarity model based on these parameters for experiments. This method of combining actual physical experiments with similar simulations can more realistically reflect the sedimentation, collision and spatial distribution laws of waste rock particles in the flow, greatly improving the accuracy and credibility of the prediction results, and effectively solving the problem that the slope angle prediction results of existing methods are out of touch with engineering practice.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for analyzing the degree of influence of influencing factors on the flow slope angle based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis is provided. By using the range analysis method, the degree of influence of factors such as mass concentration, water reducer dosage, waste rock dosage on yield stress, K value, water seepage rate and sedimentation slope angle SSA can be accurately quantified. This helps to identify the key factors that have a significant impact on the flow slope angle, and provides a clear direction and focus for subsequent optimization work. Through analysis, it is clarified that the yield stress of the paste is positively correlated with the mass concentration, and negatively correlated with the water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage. These laws provide a theoretical basis for understanding the flow characteristics of the paste and the mechanism of slope angle formation, deepen the understanding of the paste filling process, and based on the three-dimensional visualization model, the flow slope angle under different parameter combinations can be more accurately predicted, providing a scientific basis for paste filling operations in actual mining production. By inputting specific parameters such as mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage, the model is used to predict the corresponding flow slope angle, thereby guiding construction personnel to adjust the proportion of filling slurry and filling process to achieve the purpose of optimizing the filling effect and improving the filling quality and efficiency.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints and multi-factor influence analysis results for the flow slope angle is provided. The optimal range of the flow slope angle is defined based on engineering specifications, providing clear and quantified target constraints for optimization work. This helps ensure that the optimized flow slope angle meets the actual project needs and specification requirements, avoids optimization results that do not meet the actual project needs, and improves the targetedness and practicality of the optimization. By setting weight factors, the multi-objective optimization problem is converted into a single-objective optimization problem, that is, the flow slope angle calculation model is converted into a slope angle satisfaction function. This conversion method simplifies the complexity of the optimization problem, making it possible to find a balance point between multiple interrelated objectives, facilitating subsequent solution using optimization algorithms, and improving optimization efficiency. Using MATLAB software to solve the overall satisfaction function can efficiently find the extreme value of the overall satisfaction function, thereby obtaining the optimal filling parameters for the slope angle. MATLAB software has powerful numerical calculation and optimization capabilities, which can quickly and accurately solve complex optimization models, providing strong technical support for practical engineering applications, making this method highly practical and operational. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The results of the effects of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on yield stress are shown.

[0034] Figure 2 The results of the effects of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on K value are shown.

[0035] Figure 3 The results of the effects of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on water seepage rate are shown.

[0036] Figure 4 The results of the effects of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on the deposition slope angle are shown.

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the effects of the interaction between MC and WAD, the interaction between MC and WRD, and the interaction between WAD and WRD on the sedimentary slope angle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application or the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0039] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] Existing numerical simulation methods mostly use homogeneous flow models or simplified discrete element models, which cannot truly reflect the sedimentation, collision and spatial distribution of waste rock particles during flow, resulting in a serious disconnect between the slope angle prediction results and the actual project. To address the above problems, we proposed a method for predicting the flow slope angle of paste in narrow and long access roads. In short, when implementing the method, the paste raw materials are first physically measured to obtain the basic parameters of the paste raw materials. Then, a paste similarity model is constructed based on the basic parameters of the paste raw materials. An orthogonal experimental scheme is pre-designed. Based on the orthogonal experimental scheme, the paste raw materials are mixed and a water-reducing agent is added to prepare a paste slurry. The paste slurry is injected into the paste similarity model for simulation experiments to obtain simulation experimental results. The influence of the influencing factors on the flow slope angle is analyzed based on the range analysis combined with the interaction effect. Finally, the target constraint of the flow slope angle is set. Based on the target constraint of the flow slope angle and the results of the multi-factor influence analysis, a flow slope angle calculation model is obtained. The flow slope angle calculation model is converted into a slope angle satisfaction function to obtain the optimal filling parameters of the slope angle. In the embodiment of the present invention, a systematic and comprehensive research system is formed from multiple links such as acquisition of basic parameters of raw materials, construction of similarity models, design and implementation of orthogonal experiments, and range analysis and interaction analysis. Through the pre-design and implementation of the orthogonal experimental scheme, it is possible to comprehensively study the effects of multiple influencing factors and their interactions on the flow slope angle of the paste, avoiding the one-sidedness that may be caused by single factor analysis, making the obtained influence law more comprehensive and in-depth, and different from the homogeneous flow model or simplified discrete element model often used in existing numerical simulation methods, this method obtains the basic parameters of the paste raw materials by obtaining the paste raw materials and conducting physical experimental measurements, and then constructs a paste similarity model based on these parameters for experiments. This method of combining actual physical experiments with similar simulations can more realistically reflect the sedimentation, collision and spatial distribution laws of waste rock particles in the flow, greatly improving the accuracy and credibility of the prediction results, and effectively solving the problem that the slope angle prediction results of existing methods are out of touch with engineering practice.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a long and narrow passage. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a long and narrow passage specifically includes:

[0042] S10, obtaining paste raw materials, performing physical experimental measurements on the paste raw materials, and obtaining basic parameters of the paste raw materials;

[0043] S20, loading basic parameters of the paste raw materials, constructing a paste similarity model based on the basic parameters of the paste raw materials, pre-designing an orthogonal experimental scheme, mixing the paste raw materials based on the orthogonal experimental scheme, adding a water reducer to prepare a paste slurry, injecting the paste slurry into the paste similarity model for a simulation experiment, and obtaining a simulation experiment result;

[0044] S30, loading simulation test results, based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis to analyze the influence of influencing factors on the flow slope angle, and obtain multi-factor influence analysis results;

[0045] S40, setting a target constraint for the flow slope angle, obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on the target constraint for the flow slope angle and the results of a multi-factor influence analysis, converting the flow slope angle calculation model into a slope angle satisfaction function, and obtaining optimal filling parameters for the slope angle.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, a systematic and comprehensive research system is formed from multiple links such as acquisition of basic parameters of raw materials, construction of similarity models, design and implementation of orthogonal experiments, and range analysis and interaction analysis. Through the pre-design and implementation of the orthogonal experimental scheme, it is possible to comprehensively study the effects of multiple influencing factors and their interactions on the flow slope angle of the paste, avoiding the one-sidedness that may be caused by single factor analysis, making the obtained influence law more comprehensive and in-depth, and different from the homogeneous flow model or simplified discrete element model often used in existing numerical simulation methods, this method obtains the basic parameters of the paste raw materials by obtaining the paste raw materials and conducting physical experimental measurements, and then constructs a paste similarity model based on these parameters for experiments. This method of combining actual physical experiments with similar simulations can more realistically reflect the sedimentation, collision and spatial distribution laws of waste rock particles in the flow, greatly improving the accuracy and credibility of the prediction results, and effectively solving the problem that the slope angle prediction results of existing methods are out of touch with engineering practice.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for performing physical experimental measurements on paste raw materials, the method specifically comprising:

[0049] S101, obtaining paste raw materials and performing physical and chemical property tests on the paste raw materials;

[0050] Among them, the physical and chemical properties tests include but are not limited to water content specific gravity, loose / tight bulk density, porosity, and particle size distribution tests. The raw materials of the paste include but are not limited to whole tailings, waste rock, water reducer, and cement;

[0051] It should be noted that the cement used in the paste raw materials is fly ash 32.5R cement, and the densities of the tailings and waste rock are 2.81 and 2.91 g / cm respectively. -3 The water reducer used is Sika 3301MK polycarboxylate water reducer.

[0052] S102, using a laser particle size analyzer to analyze the particle size of the whole tailings in the paste raw material to obtain the particle size analysis results of the whole tailings;

[0053] S103, analyzing the waste rock particle size through a screening experiment to obtain a waste rock particle size analysis result.

[0054] In this example, particle size analysis of the entire tailings using a laser particle size analyzer revealed a uniformity coefficient of 12.038 and a curvature coefficient of 3.459, indicating a well-graded tailings with a relatively uniform particle distribution. Furthermore, analysis of the waste rock particle size through screening experiments revealed that the waste rock was primarily composed of medium-coarse particles, with particles 1-10 mm accounting for approximately 67.6% of the total. Particles larger than 10 mm accounted for only 11.24%. However, fine material constituted a significant proportion of the waste rock, with particles <1 mm accounting for approximately 21.2%.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a paste similarity model based on basic parameters of paste raw materials. The method for constructing a paste similarity model based on basic parameters of paste raw materials specifically includes:

[0057] S201, based on the actual stope size, restore the actual stope at a similarity ratio of 1:40 and make a paste similarity model of a narrow and long approach;

[0058] S202, the paste-like model is raised by 20 mm to prevent the paste slurry from overflowing.

[0059] In this embodiment, the deposition slope angle is measured and the waste rock particles are screened after the simulation. Since it is difficult to screen waste rock particles smaller than 1 mm, waste rock smaller than 1 mm is not analyzed. After the screening is complete, the slurry uniformity coefficient (K value) is calculated. The smaller the K value, the more uniform the slurry.

[0060] It should be noted that when pre-designing the orthogonal experimental plan, the experimental influencing factors and levels are determined. The experimental influencing factors are mass concentration, water reducer dosage, and waste rock dosage. Three levels are set for each of the experimental influencing factors. When the paste slurry is injected into the paste similarity model for simulation experiments, the prepared paste slurry is injected into the similarity model through the feed port to simulate the flow and deposition process of the paste slurry in the narrow and long inlet. During the slurry injection process, the liquid level in the filling funnel is controlled to remain consistent to ensure a continuous and uninterrupted filling process. After the slurry deposition is stable, the deposition slope angle (SSA) is measured to obtain the simulation experimental results.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing the degree of influence of influencing factors on flow slope angle based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis. The method for analyzing the degree of influence of influencing factors on flow slope angle based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis specifically includes:

[0063] S301, loading simulation test results, using range analysis method to analyze the simulation test results, and analyzing the influence of mass concentration, water reducer dosage, and waste rock dosage on yield stress, K value, bleeding rate, and sedimentation slope angle SSA;

[0064] It should be noted that the simulation experiment results. SPSS software was used to perform range analysis to obtain the effects of the three factors on the response value. Figure 1 The results of the effects of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on yield stress are shown. Figure 2 The results of the influence of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on K value are shown. Figure 3 The results of the effects of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on water seepage rate are shown. Figure 4 The results of the influence of mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage on the deposition slope angle are shown. Figure 1-Figure 4 It can be seen that the yield stress of the paste is positively correlated with the mass concentration, and negatively correlated with the water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage. The increase in mass concentration reduces the free water in the slurry and intensifies the friction between the particles, which leads to an increase in the yield stress. The addition of water reducer allows the slurry to release more free water and there is a steric hindrance effect between the polycarboxylate water reducer groups. Under the combined action of the two, the fluidity of the slurry is enhanced, thereby reducing the yield stress. It can also be seen from the figure that the K value and water bleeding rate of the slurry decrease with the increase of mass concentration, and increase with the increase of waste rock. The K value increases with the increase of water reducer dosage, while the correlation between K value, bleeding rate and water reducer dosage is not simply positive or negative, but shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing under the influence of multiple factors; the deposition slope angle of the slurry is positively correlated with the mass concentration, and negatively correlated with the water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage. However, it can be found from the figure that when the water reducer dosage increases from 0.25% to 0.35% and the waste rock dosage increases from 50% to 60%, the deposition slope angle decreases significantly, indicating that the water reducer and waste rock need to be added to a certain amount before the deposition slope angle can be significantly changed.

[0065] Through the range analysis, it can be seen that the significance of the influence of the three factors on the four response variables is: waste rock dosage > mass concentration > water reducer dosage.

[0066] S302, establishing a multivariate nonlinear regression model between yield stress, K value, BR, SSA and MC, WAD, and WRD based on the simulation test results;

[0067] S303, using Origin numerical processing software and combined with a multiple linear regression model, a three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA was constructed;

[0068] S304, obtaining a three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA, and analyzing the interaction effects between influencing factors by combining the three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA to obtain a multi-factor influence analysis result.

[0069] In this embodiment, Figure 5 The following diagram shows the effect of the interaction between MC and WAD, the interaction between MC and WRD, and the interaction between WAD and WRD on the deposition slope angle, where: Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the interaction between MC and WAD on the sediment slope angle. Figure 5 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the interaction between MC and WRD on the sedimentary slope angle. Figure 5 (c) Schematic diagram of the effect of the interaction between WAD and WRD on the deposition slope angle. Figure 5 (a) It can be seen that when the mass concentration is 78%, the change of the water reducer dosage has no obvious effect on the deposition slope angle, but when the mass concentration is 80%, with the increase of the water reducer dosage, the slurry deposition slope angle becomes significantly smaller, indicating that with the increase of mass concentration, the influence of the water reducer dosage on the deposition slope angle becomes greater. This is because when the mass concentration is low, the slurry itself has good fluidity, and the fluidity brought by the water reducer does not change much. However, the high-concentration slurry itself has poor fluidity, and the change of the water reducer dosage can significantly change the slurry fluidity. The quality of the fluidity is closely related to the size of the deposition slope angle. Figure 5 (b) shows that the deposition slope angle is positively correlated with the mass concentration, and negatively correlated with the water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage. When the mass concentration and waste rock dosage increase at the same time, the slope angle tends to decrease. It can be seen that the increase in waste rock dosage is conducive to reducing the adverse effects of concentration increase. Figure 5 (c) It can be seen that when the dosage of water reducer and waste rock increases at the same time, it can be found that the slope angle is greatly reduced under the joint action of the two, and it can be found that the reduction brought by the waste rock dosage is more obvious.

[0070] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for analyzing the degree of influence of influencing factors on the flow slope angle based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis is provided. By using the range analysis method, the degree of influence of factors such as mass concentration, water reducer dosage, waste rock dosage on yield stress, K value, water seepage rate and sedimentation slope angle SSA can be accurately quantified. This helps to identify the key factors that have a significant impact on the flow slope angle, and provides a clear direction and focus for subsequent optimization work. Through analysis, it is clarified that the yield stress of the paste is positively correlated with the mass concentration, and negatively correlated with the water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage. These laws provide a theoretical basis for understanding the flow characteristics of the paste and the mechanism of slope angle formation, deepen the understanding of the paste filling process, and based on the three-dimensional visualization model, the flow slope angle under different parameter combinations can be more accurately predicted, providing a scientific basis for paste filling operations in actual mining production. By inputting specific parameters such as mass concentration, water reducer dosage and waste rock dosage, the model is used to predict the corresponding flow slope angle, thereby guiding construction personnel to adjust the proportion of filling slurry and filling process to achieve the purpose of optimizing the filling effect and improving the filling quality and efficiency.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints of a flow slope angle and results of a multi-factor influence analysis. The method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints of a flow slope angle and results of a multi-factor influence analysis specifically includes:

[0073] S401, defining an optimal range of flow slope angles based on engineering specifications, with the optimal range of flow slope angles as a target constraint;

[0074] It should be noted that when defining the optimal range of the flow slope angle based on engineering specifications, according to the "Technical Specifications for Full Tailings Paste Filling", the value of the response target is not the larger the better or the smaller the better, but there is an optimal range. The optimal range of the flow slope angle selected in this embodiment is 0-5°.

[0075] S402, loading the target constraint of the flow slope angle, and obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on the target constraint of the flow slope angle and the results of multi-factor influence analysis;

[0076] In the embodiment of the present invention, the flow slope angle calculation model y4 is expressed as:

[0077] y4=49.333x1+4501.667x2+25.767x3-60x1x2-0.35x1x3

[0078] +3x2x3-3753.139R 2 =0.996

[0079] The yield stress calculation model y1, K value calculation model y2, and BR calculation model y3 are respectively expressed as:

[0080] y1=447.289x1+46939.056x2+200.277x3-614.00x1x2-2.745x1x3

[0081] +18.967x2x3-34051.018R 2 =0.982

[0082] y2=8.298x1-510.842x2+19.768x3+6.625x1x2-0.242x1x3

[0083] -0.248x2x3-685.123R 2 =0.913

[0084] y3=-3.984x1-1211.771x2+4.895x3+15.138x1x2-0.06x1x3

[0085] +0.216x2x3+310.527R 2 =0.963

[0086] S403, setting a weight factor, converting the multi-objective into a single-objective optimization problem, and converting the flow slope angle calculation model into a slope angle satisfaction function, wherein the weight factor can be set to 0.3.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present invention, the flow slope angle calculation model is converted into a slope angle satisfaction function expressed as:

[0088]

[0089] The yield stress satisfaction function d1, K value satisfaction function d2, and BR satisfaction function d3 are expressed as follows:

[0090]

[0091] S404, based on the weighted geometric mean method, the response variables are considered equally important and the overall satisfaction function of the flow slope angle is calculated;

[0092] In the embodiment of the present invention, the overall satisfaction function is expressed as:

[0093] D = (d1 × d2 × d3 × d4) 1 / 4

[0094] S405, using MATLAB software to solve the overall satisfaction function, solve the extreme value of the overall satisfaction function, and obtain the optimal filling parameters of the slope angle.

[0095] In this embodiment, it is found that when the mass concentration is 78%, the water reducer dosage is 0.45%, and the waste rock dosage is 52.64%, the overall satisfaction function reaches its maximum value.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints and multi-factor influence analysis results for the flow slope angle is provided. The optimal range of the flow slope angle is defined based on engineering specifications, providing clear and quantified target constraints for optimization work. This helps ensure that the optimized flow slope angle meets the actual project needs and specification requirements, avoids optimization results that do not meet the actual project needs, and improves the targetedness and practicality of the optimization. By setting weight factors, the multi-objective optimization problem is converted into a single-objective optimization problem, that is, the flow slope angle calculation model is converted into a slope angle satisfaction function. This conversion method simplifies the complexity of the optimization problem, making it possible to find a balance point between multiple interrelated objectives, facilitating subsequent solution using optimization algorithms, and improving optimization efficiency. Using MATLAB software to solve the overall satisfaction function can efficiently find the extreme value of the overall satisfaction function, thereby obtaining the optimal filling parameters for the slope angle. MATLAB software has powerful numerical calculation and optimization capabilities, which can quickly and accurately solve complex optimization models, providing strong technical support for practical engineering applications, making this method highly practical and operational.

[0097] In summary, the present invention provides a method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage. In the embodiment of the present invention, a systematic and comprehensive research system is formed from multiple links such as the acquisition of basic parameters of raw materials, construction of similarity models, design and implementation of orthogonal experiments, and range analysis and interaction analysis. Through the pre-design and implementation of the orthogonal experimental scheme, it is possible to comprehensively study the influence of multiple influencing factors and their interactions on the slope angle of paste flow, avoiding the one-sidedness that may be caused by single factor analysis, making the obtained influence law more comprehensive and in-depth, and different from the homogeneous flow model or simplified discrete element model often used in existing numerical simulation methods, this method obtains the basic parameters of the paste raw materials by obtaining the paste raw materials and performing physical experimental measurements, and then constructs a paste similarity model based on these parameters for experimentation. This method of combining actual physical experiments with similar simulations can more realistically reflect the sedimentation, collision and spatial distribution laws of waste rock particles in flow, greatly improving the accuracy and credibility of the prediction results, and effectively solving the problem that the slope angle prediction results of existing methods are out of touch with engineering practice.

[0098] It should be noted that for the aforementioned embodiments, for simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should be aware that the present invention is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present invention, certain steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

[0099] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field can still combine, add, delete or make other adjustments to the features in the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict, without making creative work, so as to obtain different other technical solutions that do not deviate from the concept of the present invention in essence, and these technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage, characterized in that: The method comprises: S10, obtaining paste raw materials, performing physical experimental measurements on the paste raw materials, and obtaining basic parameters of the paste raw materials; S20, loading basic parameters of the paste raw materials, constructing a paste similarity model based on the basic parameters of the paste raw materials, pre-designing an orthogonal experimental scheme, mixing the paste raw materials based on the orthogonal experimental scheme, adding a water reducer to prepare a paste slurry, injecting the paste slurry into the paste similarity model for a simulation experiment, and obtaining a simulation experiment result; S30, loading simulation test results, based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis to analyze the influence of influencing factors on the flow slope angle, and obtain multi-factor influence analysis results; S40, setting a target constraint for the flow slope angle, obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on the target constraint for the flow slope angle and the results of a multi-factor influence analysis, converting the flow slope angle calculation model into a slope angle satisfaction function, and obtaining optimal filling parameters for the slope angle.

2. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for performing physical experimental measurement on the paste raw material comprises: S101, obtaining paste raw materials and performing physical and chemical property tests on the paste raw materials, wherein the physical and chemical property tests include water content specific gravity, loose / tight bulk density, porosity, and particle size distribution tests. The paste raw materials include whole tailings, waste rock, and water reducer; S102, using a laser particle size analyzer to analyze the particle size of the whole tailings in the paste raw material to obtain the particle size analysis results of the whole tailings; S103, analyzing the waste rock particle size through a screening experiment to obtain a waste rock particle size analysis result.

3. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for constructing a paste similarity model based on basic parameters of paste raw materials comprises: S201, based on the actual stope size, restore the actual stope at a similarity ratio of 1:40 and make a paste similarity model of a narrow and long approach; S202, the paste-like model is raised by 20 mm to prevent the paste slurry from overflowing.

4. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage according to claim 3, characterized in that: When pre-designing the orthogonal experimental plan, the experimental influencing factors and levels are determined. The experimental influencing factors are mass concentration, water reducer dosage, and waste rock dosage. Three levels are set for each of the experimental influencing factors.

5. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for analyzing the influence degree of influencing factors on the flow slope angle based on range analysis combined with interaction analysis includes: S301, loading the simulation test results, using the range analysis method to analyze the simulation test results, and analyzing the influence of mass concentration, water reducer dosage, and waste rock dosage on yield stress, K value, bleeding rate, and sedimentation slope angle SSA; S302, establishing a multivariate nonlinear regression model between yield stress, K value, BR, SSA and MC, WAD, WRD based on the simulation test results; S303, using Origin numerical processing software and combined with a multiple linear regression model, a three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA was constructed; S304, obtaining a three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA, and analyzing the interaction effects among the influencing factors by combining the three-dimensional visualization model of yield stress, K value, BR, and SSA to obtain a multi-factor influence analysis result.

6. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints of the flow slope angle and multi-factor influence analysis results includes: S401, defining an optimal range of flow slope angles based on engineering specifications, with the optimal range of flow slope angles as a target constraint; S402, loading the target constraint of the flow slope angle, and obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on the target constraint of the flow slope angle and the results of multi-factor influence analysis; S403, setting weight factors, converting the multi-objective into a single-objective optimization problem, and converting the flow slope angle calculation model into a slope angle satisfaction function.

7. The method for predicting the slope angle of paste flow in a narrow and long passage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for obtaining a flow slope angle calculation model based on target constraints and multi-factor influence analysis results of the flow slope angle further includes: S404, based on the weighted geometric mean method, the response variables are considered equally important and the overall satisfaction function of the flow slope angle is calculated; S405, using MATLAB software to solve the overall satisfaction function, solve the extreme value of the overall satisfaction function, and obtain the optimal filling parameters of the slope angle.

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