Membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability and a preparation method thereof, the membrane electrode comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer, the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer are arranged on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and anode catalyst slurry comprises an anode catalyst, an ionomer and a dispersing solvent in a mass ratio of 1: (1-10): (10-1000); the cathode catalyst slurry comprises a cathode catalyst, an ionomer, an ionic liquid and a dispersing solvent in a mass ratio of 1: (1-10): (1-10): (10-1000). Compared with the prior art, in order to solve the problem that oxygen mass transfer of a porous carbon carrier in a fuel cell catalyst layer is difficult, the method that ionic liquid and ionomer are mixed in advance, then slurry is prepared, and the slurry is sprayed to prepare the membrane electrode is adopted, so that a compact structure formed by an ionomer membrane on the surface of a catalyst is weakened, and the distribution uniformity of the ionomer membrane is improved; the local oxygen mass transfer resistance is obviously reduced, and the performance of the fuel cell under high current density is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode and a preparation method thereof, and in particular to a high oxygen permeability membrane electrode and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are energy conversion devices that convert the chemical energy of fuel and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical redox reaction. With advantages such as fast response, low operating temperatures, and environmental friendliness, they have become a hot topic in the development of next-generation energy devices. Promoting the commercialization of fuel cells requires continuously reducing the amount of catalyst used in the membrane electrode, thereby lowering the overall manufacturing cost of the fuel cell stack. However, mass transfer issues become increasingly severe in low-platinum or ultra-low-platinum MEAs, becoming a significant factor affecting the cell's power density.

[0003] The cathode catalytic layer of a membrane electrode is typically composed of a carbon-supported platinum catalyst and an ionomer. The ionomer conducts protons and oxygen, while the carbon support conducts electrons, reacting at the three-phase interface. Due to attractive interactions, the ionomer self-assembles through its hydrophobic backbone on the carbon support surface, forming a thin adsorption layer with significantly higher density on the carbon surface, increasing the resistance to oxygen transport. In addition, the strong adsorption of sulfonic acid groups on the Pt surface restricts the ionomer side chains, thereby reducing the microphase separation of the ionomer, leading to a further increase in mass transport resistance, which seriously affects the performance of the battery at high current densities.

[0004] To eliminate the above-mentioned effects, some studies have adopted porous carbon supports to avoid contact between sulfonic acid groups and Pt nanoparticles, or used highly oxygen-permeable ionomers containing cyclic substances. However, the use of porous carbon inevitably loses proton and oxygen transport channels, and the PDD or PFMMD matrix and molecular masking strategy undoubtedly make part of the Pt active sites directly contact with the sulfonate groups, and the optimization effect on oxygen mass transfer is not obvious.

[0005] Patent application CN202411447166.8 discloses a method for preparing a membrane electrode suitable for low-humidity working conditions, comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving an ionic liquid in ultrapure water and dispersing it uniformly to obtain an ionic liquid aqueous solution; (2) uniformly mixing the ionic liquid aqueous solution obtained in step (1) with a catalyst, coating the catalyst surface with the ionic liquid, and washing and drying the coated catalyst to obtain an ionic liquid-coated catalyst; (3) uniformly mixing the ionic liquid-coated catalyst obtained in step (2) with an ionomer and a dispersing solvent to prepare a catalyst slurry, and spraying to prepare a cathode catalyst layer; (4) hot-pressing the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer obtained in step (3) onto both sides of a proton exchange membrane to prepare a membrane electrode. Although this technology uses ionic liquid coating on the catalyst surface to improve mass transfer capacity, there are still some key issues that need to be optimized. First, the compatibility between ionomers (such as Nafion) and ionic liquids has not been fully optimized, and the interfacial resistance may increase, affecting the proton conduction efficiency. Secondly, the cleaning and drying steps of the ionic liquid-coated catalyst can introduce impurities or disrupt the uniformity of the coating, leading to unstable catalytic layer performance. Furthermore, the multi-step coating process not only increases preparation time but also raises the technical threshold, making it unsuitable for large-scale production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability and a preparation method thereof, by improving the microstructure of the ionomer film of the catalytic layer, reducing the mass transfer resistance and improving the battery performance.

[0007] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: a high oxygen permeability membrane electrode, the membrane electrode comprising a proton exchange membrane, and an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode catalyst layer being made of an anode catalyst slurry, and the cathode catalyst layer being made of a cathode catalyst slurry, the anode catalyst slurry comprising an anode catalyst, an ionomer, and a dispersing solvent in a mass ratio of 1: (0-10): (10-1000); The cathode catalyst slurry includes a cathode catalyst, an ionomer, an ionic liquid and a dispersing solvent in a mass ratio of 1: (0-10): (0-10): (10-1000).

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the anode catalyst, the ionomer and the dispersion solvent in the anode catalyst slurry is 1: (0.1-5): (40-400); wherein the preferred range is 1: (0.1-1): (200-300).

[0009] The mass ratio of the cathode catalyst, ionomer, ionic liquid and dispersing solvent in the cathode catalyst slurry is 1: (0.1-5): (0.1-5): (40-400), wherein the preferred range is 1: (0.1-1): (0.1-1): (200-300).

[0010] Furthermore, the ionic liquid is one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][NTf2]) or 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMMIM][NTf2]).

[0011] Furthermore, the cathode catalyst layer is prepared by the following method: the ionic liquid and the ionomer are fully mixed in a dispersion solvent in advance, the cathode catalyst is added, and the mixture is uniformly dispersed by ball milling and ultrasonic spraying. The obtained slurry is ultrasonically sprayed on one side of the proton exchange membrane.

[0012] Furthermore, the anode catalyst and cathode catalyst used in the anode catalyst slurry and cathode catalyst slurry are both selected from one of Pt catalyst, Pt alloy catalyst or Pt single layer catalyst; The ionomer is selected from at least one of a perfluorosulfonic acid ion resin solution and a polytetrafluoroethylene solution; The dispersing solvent is selected from at least one of deionized water, alcohols or alkane organic solvents.

[0013] Furthermore, the dispersion solvent is a mixture of deionized water and alcohol in a mass ratio of 40:(20-50). The catalyst selected in the anode catalyst is a Pt / C catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the ionomer to the C in the Pt / C catalyst is (0.5-1):1; The catalyst selected in the cathode catalyst slurry is a Pt / C catalyst, wherein the ratio of the catalyst to the ionic liquid is particularly important for the performance. Here, the mass ratio of the ionic liquid to the C in the Pt / C catalyst is (0.1~1):1, and the mass ratio of the ionomer to the C in the Pt / C catalyst is (0.1~0.5):1.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of anode catalyst slurry: anode catalyst, ionomer and dispersion solvent are mixed in proportion, stirred and then ball milled for ultrasonic dispersion to obtain anode catalyst slurry; (2) Preparation of cathode catalyst slurry: ionomer, ionic liquid and dispersing solvent are mixed in proportion, the resulting mixed solution is added to the cathode catalyst and dispersing solvent, stirred and mixed, and then ball milled and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain cathode catalyst slurry; (3) Spraying of membrane electrode: Place the proton exchange membrane on a vacuum heating plate, spray the anode catalyst slurry prepared in step (1) on one side of the proton exchange membrane, and then spray the cathode catalyst slurry prepared in step (2) on the other side of the proton exchange membrane. After the solvent evaporates, the membrane electrode is formed.

[0015] Furthermore, the stirring in step (1) is performed by ultrasonic stirring for 10-60 minutes, and the ball milling is performed by using a ball mill for dispersion for 1-24 hours.

[0016] Furthermore, the stirring in step (2) is performed by ultrasonic stirring for 10-60 minutes, and the ball milling is performed by using a ball mill for dispersion for 1-24 hours.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the catalyst slurry is coated on the surface of the proton exchange membrane by ultrasonic spraying; the vacuum degree of vacuum heating is 0.05~0.1MPa, and the heating temperature is 50~100℃.

[0018] The membrane electrode described in this invention comprises an anode catalyst layer and a highly oxygen-permeable cathode catalyst layer, placed on either side of a proton exchange membrane. Both the anode and cathode catalyst layers are composed of solid-phase components containing a catalyst and an ionomer, while the cathode catalyst layer further incorporates an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is pre-mixed with the ionomer before spraying, ensuring a stable distribution on the catalyst surface rather than a simple physical coating. This effectively avoids the migration or loss of the ionic liquid during operation that can occur in traditional preparation methods.

[0019] Compared with the dense membrane layer with high crystallinity and low porosity formed by the ionomer on the Pt surface in the traditional catalyst layer, the present invention introduces the electrostatic interaction between the ionic liquid and the ionomer, affects the specific adsorption of the sulfonic acid group side chain, reduces the crystallinity of Nafion, enhances the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase separation, and thus significantly increases the amorphous phase content. This structural reconstruction effectively reduces the excessive coverage of the ionomer on the Pt surface, releases more Pt active sites, and significantly reduces the local oxygen transmission resistance. Ultimately, the prepared membrane electrode exhibits excellent oxygen mass transfer performance and battery power output at high current density, while maintaining high operational stability and structural durability.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves significant optimization in structural design and mechanism of action, offering greater practical benefits and theoretical advantages. Existing technologies primarily enhance oxygen transport capacity by physically coating the catalyst surface with ionic liquids. However, this approach suffers from issues such as uneven ionic liquid distribution, easy migration and loss, and limited ability to control the ionomer interface, making it difficult to achieve long-term, stable performance improvements.

[0021] The present invention proposes a strategy of pre-mixing ionic liquids and ionomers to form a stable composite system, which is significantly different from the traditional physical coating method. Through the electrostatic interaction between the ionic liquid and the sulfonic acid group of the ionomer, the close arrangement of the Nafion side chains is broken, its crystallinity is reduced, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase separation is enhanced, and the ionomer is prompted to form more amorphous regions. This structural change not only reduces the thickness of the dense film layer on the catalyst surface and releases the Pt active sites, but also expands the channels through which oxygen molecules can pass, improves the accessibility and transmission efficiency of local oxygen, and substantially reduces the local oxygen mass transfer resistance. Both comparative experiments and simulation analysis show that this method has significant advantages in improving battery performance at high current density. At the same time, because the ionic liquid is stably embedded in the ionomer structure, it also avoids the problem of migration and loss during use, ensuring long-term stability. Therefore, the present invention achieves precise control of the ionomer microstructure in terms of mechanism, significantly improves the mass transfer capacity and durability of fuel cell electrodes in terms of function, and has stronger scalability and engineering application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The test performance diagram of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the traditional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1; Figure 2 This is a graph showing oxygen resistance test of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the traditional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1; Figure 3 Atomic force microscope images of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the conventional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1; Figure 4 Scanning electron microscope images of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 and the traditional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The following embodiment provides a highly oxygen permeable membrane electrode, comprising: an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer disposed on a proton exchange membrane; the anode catalyst layer is made of an anode catalyst slurry, and the cathode catalyst layer is made of a cathode catalyst slurry, characterized in that the anode catalyst slurry comprises the following components: a catalyst, an ionomer, and a dispersing solvent, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1 to 10:10 to 1000; the cathode catalyst slurry comprises the following components: a catalyst, an ionomer, an ionic liquid, and a dispersing solvent, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1 to 10:1 to 10:10 to 1000.

[0025] The cathode catalyst layer with high oxygen permeability is prepared by pre-mixing the ionic liquid and the ionomer in a dispersion solvent, and then adding the ionic liquid and the ionomer into the slurry for ball milling and ultrasonic dispersion.

[0026] The ionic liquid can be selected from one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([EMIM][NTf2]) or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([BMIM][NTf2]) or 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([BMMIM][NTf2]) purchased from Aladdin; The catalyst is selected from one of the Pt catalyst (TEC10V50E) purchased from TANAKA, the Pt alloy catalyst (TEC36E52), or the Pt single-layer catalyst; The ionomer is selected from at least one of a perfluorosulfonic acid ion resin solution (such as Nafion) and a polytetrafluoroethylene solution; The dispersing solvent is selected from at least one of deionized water, alcohols and alkane organic solvents.

[0027] Example 1 The steps for preparing the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Preparation of catalyst slurry (1) Preparation of anode catalyst slurry: Weigh 1 g of commercial Pt / C catalyst, 150 g of deionized water, 0.45 g of Nafion, and 150 g of ethanol, stir them ultrasonically for 30 minutes, and then use a ball mill to disperse them for 12 hours to prepare the anode catalyst slurry; (2) Preparation of cathode catalyst slurry: Weigh a mixed solution of 1 g of commercial Pt / C catalyst, 150 g of deionized water, 150 g of ethanol, 0.17 g of Nafion, and 0.28 g of ionic liquid, stir them ultrasonically for 30 minutes, and then ball mill them for 12 hours to obtain a cathode catalyst slurry.

[0028] The amount of Pt / C catalyst and Nafion solution was controlled so that the mass ratio of Nafion to carbon in the anode catalyst layer was 0.8, and the mass ratio of Nafion to carbon in the cathode catalyst layer was 0.3. In this embodiment, the ionic liquid selected is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][NTf2]) and its mass ratio with the carbon in the Pt / C catalyst in the cathode catalyst slurry is 0.5 (this mass ratio will also greatly affect the proton conduction and pore structure. Only when the total mass remains unchanged can the addition of the ionic liquid be ensured to be the single variable that changes the oxygen mass transfer resistance; and the above ratio is a relatively suitable value obtained by optimization in the membrane electrode preparation process of the present invention).

[0029] 2. Spraying of membrane electrode The proton exchange membrane was placed on a vacuum heating plate, the prepared anode slurry was added to the feed tank, and the anode catalyst slurry was sprayed on one side of the proton exchange membrane. Then the prepared cathode slurry was added to the feed tank, and the cathode catalyst slurry was sprayed on the other side of the proton exchange membrane. After the solvent evaporated, the membrane electrode was formed to obtain a membrane electrode with a cathode catalyst layer and an anode catalyst layer sprayed on it. The ultrasonic spraying parameters were adjusted to control the Pt loading of the anode and cathode catalyst layers to be 0.1 mg. Pt / cm 2 The vacuum degree of vacuum heating is 0.08MPa and the heating temperature is 80℃.

[0030] The prepared samples were tested for various properties, and the results are shown in Figure 1 : Single-cell performance analysis: The membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 was sandwiched between a cathode plate and an anode plate to form a single cell. The flow channels used in the cathode and anode plates were 5 cm x 5 cm serpentine channels. Tests were conducted on a Scribner Associates 850e fuel cell full-cell test system. The cell test temperature in this example was 80°C, the humidity was 100%, and the anode and cathode reactant gases were hydrogen and air, respectively. The analysis results show that the pore-adjustable membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 reduces local mass transfer polarization, enabling higher peak power.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 The preparation steps of the conventional membrane electrode of this comparative example are as follows: 1. Preparation of catalyst slurry Anode and cathode catalyst slurries were prepared by weighing 1 g of commercial Pt / C catalyst, 150 g of deionized water, 0.45 g of Nafion, and 150 g of ethanol. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred for 30 minutes and then ball-milled for 12 hours. The mass ratio of Nafion to carbon was 0.8 for both.

[0032] 2. Spraying of membrane electrode The proton exchange membrane was placed on a vacuum heating plate, the prepared anode slurry was added to the feed tank, and the anode catalyst slurry was sprayed on one side of the proton exchange membrane. Then the prepared cathode slurry was added to the feed tank, and the cathode catalyst slurry was sprayed on the other side of the proton exchange membrane. After the solvent evaporated, the membrane electrode was formed to obtain a membrane electrode with a cathode catalyst layer and an anode catalyst layer sprayed on it. The ultrasonic spraying parameters were adjusted to control the Pt loading of the anode and cathode catalyst layers to be 0.1 mg. Pt / cm 2 about.

[0033] The prepared samples were tested for various properties, and the results are shown in Figure 2 : Single cell performance analysis: see Figure 2 , conducted on a Scribner Associates 850e fuel cell full-cell test system. In this case, the cell test temperature was 80°C, the humidity was 100%, and the anode and cathode reactant gases were hydrogen and air, respectively. A 5 cm x 5 cm serpentine flow channel was selected for the cell. The analysis results show that the pore structures of the two are similar, but the conventional membrane electrode exhibits severe mass transfer polarization, resulting in more aggregated ionomers and lower peak power.

[0034] The main difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is whether ionic liquid is used. Figure 1-4 These are performance test diagrams of the membrane electrodes obtained in Examples 1-4 respectively; in, Figure 1 The test performance diagram of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the conventional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Figure 1. The red line represents the power density curve and polarization curve of Example 1, and the black line represents the power density curve and polarization curve of Comparative Example 1. As can be seen from the figure, the peak power density of Example 1 reaches 784mW / cm 2 , which is 1.41 times that of the electrode in Comparative Example 1. This shows that the electrode in Example 1 significantly improves the battery performance, especially in the concentration polarization region, indicating that oxygen transmission is more efficient.

[0035] Figure 2 The oxygen resistance test diagram of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the conventional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1 was tested using the limiting current method under 1.0% O2 cathode feed and different back pressure conditions. The test conditions were to evaluate the oxygen transmission resistance of the two electrodes under different back pressures. The test results are shown in Figure 2 ,from Figure 2It can be seen that under the same conditions, the electrode of Example 1 exhibits a higher limiting current. According to the limiting current model, the total oxygen transmission resistance is calculated. For both electrodes, the total oxygen transmission resistance increases linearly with back pressure. Compared with the electrode of Comparative Example 1, the total oxygen transmission resistance of the electrode of Example 1 at all back pressures is significantly lower. The equation obtained by linear fitting is shown in the figure, where the slope corresponds to the molecular diffusion resistance in the large pores, and the intercept represents the pressure-independent resistance, including Knudsen diffusion in small pores and diffusion through liquid water or ion membranes. Among them, the difference in pressure-independent resistance is more significant and important. The pressure-independent resistance value of the electrode of Example 1 is 16.3 sm -1 , which is significantly lower than 25.2 sm in Comparative Example 1 -1 , which indicates a significant improvement in local oxygen transport to the Pt surface.

[0036] Figure 3 Atomic force microscope images of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the conventional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1; Figure 3 It can be seen that in the electrode of Example 1, the catalyst is uniformly coated with the ion membrane and ionic liquid. In contrast, the electrode without ionic liquid exhibits obvious ionomer aggregation, uneven distribution, and areas of excessive ionomer coverage.

[0037] Figure 4 The scanning electron microscope images of the high oxygen permeability membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the conventional membrane electrode in Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIG. Figure 4 It can be seen that the pore structures of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are similar, both containing sufficiently interconnected pore structures, indicating that the bulk oxygen resistance is similar.

[0038] Example 2 The mass ratio of the anode catalyst, the ionomer and the dispersion solvent in the anode catalyst slurry is 1:1:300; The cathode catalyst slurry comprises a cathode catalyst, an ionomer, an ionic liquid, and a dispersing solvent in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:0.25:300. The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][NTf2]).

[0039] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0040] Example 3 The mass ratio of the anode catalyst, the ionomer and the dispersion solvent in the anode catalyst slurry is 1:1:300; The mass ratio of cathode catalyst, ionomer, ionic liquid and dispersing solvent in the cathode catalyst slurry is 1:0.28:0.17:300. The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][NTf2]). The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0041] The membrane electrode performance of each embodiment and comparative example 1 was tested, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0042] As can be seen from the table above, the membrane electrode performance is significantly affected by the mass ratio of ionic liquid to Nafion. In comparative example 1, no ionic liquid was added, and the peak power was only 556 mW·cm -2 , the local oxygen mass transfer resistance is the largest (16.3s·m -1 ), indicating that the Nafion film is more likely to be densely accumulated on the catalyst surface, limiting the exposure and utilization of Pt active sites, ultimately leading to the lowest overall performance. In contrast, Example 1 has the highest ionic liquid content, and its peak power reaches 784mW·cm -2 , which is the highest among the four groups. The larger amount of ionic liquid in this ratio significantly weakens the crystalline structure of the ionomer, enhances the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase separation, and effectively reduces the coverage of the ionomer on the catalyst surface, thereby improving the accessibility of the Pt site and the oxygen transmission capacity. Example 2 is the group with the most balanced ratio. While ensuring proton conduction, it maintains the orderliness of the interface structure and has high practicality. In Example 3, the Nafion content is relatively high, which enhances the proton conductivity, but due to the low proportion of ionic liquid, the interface regulation effect is insufficient, resulting in the Pt surface still being covered by more ionomers, the active site exposure is limited, and the final performance is between the comparative example and other embodiments.

[0043] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. The embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in any manner unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A high oxygen permeability membrane electrode, comprising a proton exchange membrane, and an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer disposed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, wherein the anode catalyst layer is made of an anode catalyst slurry and the cathode catalyst layer is made of a cathode catalyst slurry, characterized in that: The anode catalyst slurry comprises an anode catalyst, an ionomer and a dispersion solvent in a mass ratio of 1: (0-10): (10-1000); The cathode catalyst slurry includes a cathode catalyst, an ionomer, an ionic liquid and a dispersing solvent in a mass ratio of 1: (0-10): (0-10): (10-1000).

2. The high oxygen permeability membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the anode catalyst, ionomer and dispersion solvent in the anode catalyst slurry is 1: (0.1-5): (40-400); wherein the preferred range is 1: (0.1-1): (200-300); The mass ratio of the cathode catalyst, ionomer, ionic liquid and dispersing solvent in the cathode catalyst slurry is 1: (0.1-5): (0.1-5): (40-400); wherein the preferred range is 1: (0.1-1): (0.1-1): (200-300).

3. The high oxygen permeability membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ionic liquid is one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][NTf2]), or 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMMIM][NTf2]).

4. The high oxygen permeability membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode catalyst layer is prepared by the following method: pre-mixing the ionic liquid and the ionomer in a dispersion solvent, adding the cathode catalyst, performing ball milling and ultrasonic dispersion, and spraying the obtained slurry on one side of the proton exchange membrane using ultrasonic spraying.

5. The high oxygen permeability membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode catalyst and cathode catalyst used in the anode catalyst slurry and cathode catalyst slurry are both selected from one of Pt catalyst, Pt alloy catalyst or Pt single layer catalyst; The ionomer is selected from at least one of a perfluorosulfonic acid ion resin solution and a polytetrafluoroethylene solution; The dispersing solvent is selected from at least one of deionized water, alcohols or alkane organic solvents.

6. The high oxygen permeability membrane electrode according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dispersion solvent is a mixture of deionized water and alcohol in a mass ratio of 40: (20-50); The catalyst selected in the anode catalyst is a Pt / C catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the ionomer to the C in the Pt / C catalyst is (0.5-1):1; The catalyst selected in the cathode catalyst slurry is a Pt / C catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the ionic liquid to the C in the Pt / C catalyst is (0.1-1):1, and the mass ratio of the ionomer to the C in the Pt / C catalyst is (0.1-0.5):

1.

7. A method for preparing a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of anode catalyst slurry: anode catalyst, ionomer and dispersion solvent are mixed in proportion, stirred and then ball milled for ultrasonic dispersion to obtain anode catalyst slurry; (2) Preparation of cathode catalyst slurry: ionomer, ionic liquid and dispersing solvent are mixed in proportion, the resulting mixed solution is added to the cathode catalyst and dispersing solvent, stirred and mixed, and then ball milled and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain cathode catalyst slurry; (3) Spraying of membrane electrode: Place the proton exchange membrane on a vacuum heating plate, spray the anode catalyst slurry prepared in step (1) on one side of the proton exchange membrane, and then spray the cathode catalyst slurry prepared in step (2) on the other side of the proton exchange membrane. After the solvent evaporates, the membrane electrode is formed.

8. The method for preparing a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability according to claim 7, characterized in that: The stirring in step (1) is carried out by ultrasonic stirring for 10-60 minutes, and the ball milling is carried out by using a ball mill for dispersion for 1-24 hours.

9. The method for preparing a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability according to claim 7, wherein: The stirring in step (2) is carried out by ultrasonic stirring for 10-60 minutes, and the ball milling is carried out by using a ball mill for dispersion for 1-24 hours.

10. The method for preparing a membrane electrode with high oxygen permeability according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (3), the catalyst slurry is coated on the surface of the proton exchange membrane by ultrasonic spraying; the vacuum degree of vacuum heating is 0.05~0.1MPa, and the heating temperature is 50~100℃.

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