Fermentation type total mixed ration for dry-hot valley region and preparation method of fermentation type total mixed ration

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermented total mixed ration in dry and hot valley areas and a preparation method thereof. The total mixed ration is prepared from the following components: king grass, long-sequence soybeans, sweet potatoes with light leaves, corn flour, tapioca flour, wheat bran, rice bran, molasses, corn straws and astragalus polysaccharide. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, treating raw materials; s2, mixing; and S3, performing fermentation. The fresh king grass is used as a main raw material, so that the time and the cost of an airing link are saved; vicia villosa and long-sequence soybeans are used as raw materials and are mainly used as protein sources, so that the development and utilization of forage grass resources in dry and hot valley areas are realized; corn and tapioca flour are used as raw materials and are mainly used as energy sources, so that grain-feeding utilization of tapioca is realized; the molasses is used as a raw material, mainly provides fermentable carbohydrates, and is used as an energy source for growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria; the astragalus polysaccharide is added, so that the growth of beneficial bacteria can be promoted, the fermentation environment can be adjusted, and the quality of the silage can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry feed, and in particular to a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fermented Total Mixed Ration (FTMR) is a novel feed preparation technology that combines total mixed ration (TMR) with silage fermentation. By adding beneficial microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria) to TMR and fermenting it under anaerobic conditions, this technology not only effectively preserves feed nutrients, improves palatability and digestibility, but also inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms, extending the shelf life of the feed. FTMR also helps stabilize the rumen environment and improve the production performance of ruminants, thus holding broad application prospects in modern animal husbandry.

[0003] In the dry and hot river valleys, the climate is hot and dry, with significant seasonal droughts. Traditional forage cultivation is restricted, and high-quality roughage resources are scarce, severely hampering the development of local herbivorous animal husbandry. Therefore, developing new feed products that adapt to local ecological conditions and fully utilize local forage resources has become the key to promoting the sustainable development of regional animal husbandry. As a perennial, high-yield grass, king grass has the advantages of rapid growth, large biomass, juicy stems, abundant leaves, and good palatability. It is particularly suitable for cultivation in dry and hot river valleys and is an ideal forage plant resource. Studies have reported that king grass can be mixed with passion fruit peels, corn, bran, soybean meal, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks and other raw materials for silage to improve its nutritional structure and fermentation quality. However, these studies generally have the following problems: First, king grass needs to be air-dried before ensiling to reduce its moisture content, which not only increases labor and time costs, but also easily leads to nutrient loss under high temperature and strong light conditions in the dry and hot river valley area; second, the energy source mainly relies on corn, and the protein source relies on soybean meal, which has the problems of high raw material costs and strong dependence on bulk food resources; third, the fermentation process is mostly carried out at 25℃~30℃, which fails to fully combine the natural environment advantages of the dry and hot river valley area with high temperatures all year round to achieve on-site, efficient and low-cost fermentation.

[0004] Furthermore, despite soybean (Glycine max), a leguminous cover crop in dry and hot valleys, boasting strong nitrogen-fixing capacity, high protein content, and good palatability, there are currently no reports on its use as silage or a FTMR feedstock. Similarly, while studies have examined Vetch (Solanum glabra) as a protein feed substitute or as a blended silage with other forages, its use in total mixed ration systems remains unexplored.

[0005] Therefore, the prior art still lacks a fermentable total mixed diet suitable for dry and hot river valley areas, which uses fresh king grass as the main roughage raw material to achieve efficient fermentation and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas and a preparation method thereof. The fermentation is carried out in a dry and hot valley environment, mainly to solve the problem of unsatisfactory silage quality during mixed silage fermentation in tropical areas, so as to prepare a high-quality fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle.

[0007] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas is provided. The total mixed ration comprises the following components: king grass, long-sprout soybean, glossy purple vetch, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, molasses, corn straw and astragalus polysaccharide.

[0008] Further preferably, the total mixed ration consists of the following components by weight: 180-210 parts of fresh king grass, 30-45 parts of glossy vetch hay, 15-30 parts of long-sequence soybean hay, 15-24 parts of corn flour, 9-18 parts of cassava flour, 3-9 parts of wheat bran, 3-9 parts of rice bran, 3-7.5 parts of molasses, 1.5-6 parts of corn stover and 0.03-0.15 parts of molasses.

[0009] Further preferably, the total mixed ration consists of the following components by weight: 186 parts of fresh king grass, 33 parts of glossy vetch hay, 18 parts of long-sequence soybean hay, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of cassava flour, 3 parts of wheat bran, 9 parts of rice bran, 7.5 parts of molasses, 1.5 parts of corn stover and 0.06 parts of molasses.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material processing: mowing king grass at a height of 1.8-2.5 m, using a mower to cut into 2-3 cm pieces; mowing glossy purple vetch and long-stalked soybean when they are in bloom, both cut into 2-3 cm pieces and air-dried to a moisture content of approximately 12%; cassava root tubers are peeled, sliced, air-dried, crushed, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to produce cassava flour; S2. Mixing: Mix fresh king grass with glossy purple vetch, long-stalked soybean, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, corn straw, and astragalus polysaccharide. Dissolve molasses in 5 mL of water and sprinkle in the mixture, then mix again. S3. Fermentation: Place the mixed feed into a vacuum bag, seal it under vacuum, and ferment it in a dry and hot valley environment for 60 days.

[0011] Further preferably, the variety of the royal grass in S1 is 'Reyan No. 4' royal grass.

[0012] Further preferably, in S2, the glossy-leaved purple vetch is mowed when it is in full bloom, and the long-sequence soybean is mowed when it is in early bloom.

[0013] Further preferably, the vacuum bag in S3 is a polyethylene vacuum bag of 22×32 cm.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, the present invention uses fresh royal grass as the main raw material, saving the time and cost of the drying process; uses glossy purple vetch and long-sprouted soybean as raw materials, mainly as a protein source, to realize the development and utilization of forage resources in dry and hot valley areas; uses corn and cassava flour as raw materials, mainly as an energy source, to realize the grain and feed utilization of cassava; uses wheat bran, rice bran, and corn stalks as raw materials, mainly for the effective utilization of by-products; uses molasses as a raw material, mainly to provide fermentable carbohydrates as an energy source for the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria; and adds astragalus polysaccharide, which can not only promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, but also regulate the fermentation environment and improve the quality of silage.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention uses royal silage as the main raw material, and adds long-sprouted soybeans, glossy purple vetch, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, molasses, corn straw, and astragalus polysaccharide to the royal silage, thereby obtaining a high content of lactic acid and a comprehensive combination of nutrients, which can avoid the problem of high acetic acid and unsatisfactory silage quality in traditional silage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a picture of the finished product after fermentation in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a picture of the finished product after fermentation in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a picture of the finished product after fermentation in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a picture of the finished product after fermentation in Example 4 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a picture of the finished product after fermentation in Example 5 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a picture of the finished product after fermentation of the control group of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Example 1: A fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley regions, the total mixed ration consisting of the following components by weight: 195 parts of fresh king grass, 36 parts of glossy vetch hay, 24 parts of long-sprouted soybean hay, 18 parts of corn flour, 9 parts of cassava flour, 6 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of rice bran, 4.5 parts of molasses, 1.5 parts of corn stover, and 0.06 parts of molasses.

[0019] S1. Raw Material Processing: Cut the 'Reyan 4' variety of king grass at a height of 1.8-2.5 m. Use a grass cutter to cut the grass into 2-3 cm thick pieces. Cut the glossy purple vetch at peak flowering, and the long-stalked soybean at early flowering. Both are cut into 2-3 cm thick pieces and air-dried to a moisture content of approximately 12%. Cassava tubers are peeled, sliced, air-dried, crushed, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to produce cassava flour. S2. Mixing: Mix fresh king grass with glossy purple vetch, long-stalked soybean, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, corn straw, and astragalus polysaccharide. Dissolve molasses in 5 mL of water and sprinkle in the mixture, then mix again. S3. Fermentation: The mixed feed is placed in a vacuum bag, which is a 22×32 cm polyethylene vacuum bag, and is vacuum-sealed. The bag is fermented in a dry and hot valley environment for 60 days.

[0020] Example 2. This example differs from Example 1 in that the total mixed ration consists of the following components by weight: 186 parts of fresh king grass, 39 parts of glossy vetch hay, 21 parts of long-sprouted soybean hay, 21 parts of corn flour, 9 parts of cassava flour, 6 parts of wheat bran, 9 parts of rice bran, 7.5 parts of molasses, 1.5 parts of corn stover, and 0.15 parts of molasses.

[0021] Example 3. This example differs from Example 1 in that the total mixed ration consists of the following components by weight: 180 parts of fresh king grass, 45 parts of glossy vetch hay, 30 parts of long-sprouted soybean hay, 24 parts of corn flour, 9 parts of cassava flour, 3 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of rice bran, 4.5 parts of molasses, 1.5 parts of corn stover, and 0.15 parts of molasses.

[0022] Example 4. This example differs from Example 1 in that the total mixed ration consists of the following components by weight: 210 parts of fresh king grass, 30 parts of glossy vetch hay, 15 parts of long-sprouted soybean hay, 15 parts of corn flour, 9 parts of cassava flour, 9 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of molasses, 6 parts of corn stover, and 0.03 parts of molasses.

[0023] Example 5. This example differs from Example 1 in that the total mixed ration consists of the following components by weight: 186 parts of fresh king grass, 33 parts of glossy vetch hay, 18 parts of long-sprouted soybean hay, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of cassava flour, 3 parts of wheat bran, 9 parts of rice bran, 7.5 parts of molasses, 1.5 parts of corn stover, and 0.06 parts of molasses.

[0024] Each example and its control group, i.e., silage of king grass alone, silage of 10% long-sequence soybeans and 90% king grass, silage of 20% long-sequence soybeans and 80% king grass, silage of 30% long-sequence soybeans and 70% king grass, and silage of 40% long-sequence soybeans and 60% king grass, were tested. The test results are shown in the following table: Forages grown in dry and hot valleys have high acetic acid levels when silaged, resulting in suboptimal silage quality. However, silage of king grass alone and mixed with various proportions of long-sprout soybeans all exhibit high acetic acid levels. Using king grass as the primary ingredient, and adding long-sprout soybeans, glossy vetch, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, molasses, corn stover, and astragalus polysaccharides to the king grass yields a high lactic acid content and a comprehensive nutritional profile.

[0025] The finished product diagrams of each embodiment and control group are Figures 1 to 6 As shown, Example 1 is a basic type, Example 2 is a highly palatable type, Example 3 is a protein type, Example 4 is a fiber type, and Example 5 is an energy type.

[0026] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to this embodiment as needed. However, as long as such modifications are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas, characterized in that: The total mixed diet consists of the following components: king grass, long-sprout soybean, glossy purple vetch, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, molasses, corn straw and astragalus polysaccharide.

2. The fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total mixed diet consists of the following components by weight Composition: 180-210 parts of fresh king grass, 30-45 parts of glossy vetch hay, 15-30 parts of long-sprouted soybean hay, 15-24 parts of corn flour, 9-18 parts of cassava flour, 3-9 parts of wheat bran, 3-9 parts of rice bran, 3-7.5 parts of molasses, 1.5-6 parts of corn stover and 0.03-0.15 parts of molasses.

3. The fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total mixed diet consists of the following components by weight Composition: 186 parts fresh king grass, 33 parts glossy vetch hay, 18 parts long-sprouted soybean hay, 24 parts corn meal, 18 parts cassava meal, 3 parts wheat bran, 9 parts rice bran, 7.5 parts molasses, 1.5 parts corn stover and 0.06 parts molasses.

4. The method for preparing a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Raw material processing: mowing king grass at a height of 1.8-2.5 m, using a mower to cut into 2-3 cm pieces; mowing glossy purple vetch and long-stalked soybean when they are in bloom, both cut into 2-3 cm pieces and air-dried to a moisture content of approximately 12%; cassava root tubers are peeled, sliced, air-dried, crushed, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to produce cassava flour; S2. Mixing: Mix fresh king grass with glossy purple vetch, long-stalked soybean, corn flour, cassava flour, wheat bran, rice bran, corn straw, and astragalus polysaccharide. Dissolve molasses in 5 mL of water and sprinkle in the mixture, then mix again. S3. Fermentation: The mixed feed is placed in a vacuum bag, vacuum-sealed, and fermented in a dry and hot valley environment for 60 days.

5. The method for preparing a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The variety of the royal grass in S1 is 'Reyan No. 4' royal grass.

6. The method for preparing a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, the glossy purple vetch is cut when it is in full bloom, and the long-sequence soybean is cut when it is in early bloom.

7. The method for preparing a fermented total mixed ration for dry and hot valley areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vacuum bag in S3 is a polyethylene vacuum bag of 22×32 cm.

Images