Welding fume collecting and filtering device for welding workshop

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of smoke dust filtering, in particular to a welding smoke dust collecting and filtering device for a welding workshop, and the welding smoke dust collecting and filtering device for the welding workshop comprises a purifier and a dust hood which are communicated with each other; the dust collection cover comprises a shell, the shell is of a cylindrical structure, and the bottom end of the shell is folded inwards to form an impurity storage space; a filtering part is inserted into the shell, the filtering part is of a bowl-shaped structure, a bowl opening faces the bottom end of the shell, the bottom end of the filtering part is inserted into the impurity storage space, and a gas flow path is formed between the filtering part and the shell; a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the side wall of the filtering part; a plurality of flow guide parts are arranged on the peripheral wall of the filtering part and are of a spiral structure. By arranging the impurity storage space and arranging the filtering part and the flow deflector which are matched with the impurity storage space, when welding fume is filtered, two flow paths are formed at the filtering holes and the gas flow path, it is guaranteed that solid impurities can be collected in the impurity storage space in a unified mode, the fume leakage phenomenon can be reduced, and meanwhile the filtering effect can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of smoke filtration, in particular to a welding smoke collecting and filtering device in a welding workshop. Background Art

[0002] During welding, a chemical reaction occurs when the welding rod comes into contact with the workpiece, generating large amounts of welding fumes. These fumes typically contain a variety of toxic substances, such as metal oxides and nitrogen oxides. Their particle size ranges from 0.1 to 10 microns, and they are highly diffusible and absorbent. If these fumes are discharged without purification, they can have the following impacts: First, the fine particles remain suspended in the atmosphere for long periods, participating in atmospheric circulation and causing a lasting impact on regional air quality. Second, the fumes accumulate in the workshop, reducing visibility and interfering with the accuracy of welding operations. Third, the particles can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, deposit in the lungs, and even enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory diseases, metal poisoning, and other health problems.

[0003] The core principle of existing welding fume purification methods lies in creating a coordinated system of airflow guidance and filtration separation through purification equipment. For example, the exhaust fume purification device for welding workshops disclosed in Chinese patent CN218221537U filters the welding fume generated in welding workshops by using a dust hood and a filter assembly located within the hood.

[0004] However, there are some problems in the actual use of the above-mentioned exhaust gas welding fume purification device for welding workshops: on the one hand, the filter assembly will block solid impurities on the outside during the filtration process, but when the equipment is shut down, these solid impurities attached to the filter assembly will fall back into the workshop environment due to gravity, which not only makes it impossible to collect solid impurities in a centralized manner, but also causes secondary pollution, increasing the workload and difficulty of subsequent cleaning operations; on the other hand, the filter assembly is prone to blockage due to the accumulation of solid impurities after long-term use. When the permeability of the filter assembly decreases, the negative pressure at the dust hood will weaken accordingly, resulting in a significant decrease in the amount of smoke intake. At this time, the welding fume generated in the welding area cannot be sucked into the purification device in time, and then the welding fume leaks out, causing the air quality in the welding workshop to deteriorate again, and the purification device loses its due protective effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a welding fume collection and filtration device for a welding workshop to address the problem of incomplete filtration in the current welding fume treatment process.

[0006] The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions: A welding fume collecting and filtering device for a welding workshop, comprising a purifier and a dust hood connected to each other; Wherein, the purifier is configured to be able to both generate a negative pressure environment in the dust hood and purify the welding fume; The dust hood includes an outer shell, which is a cylindrical structure, and the bottom end is folded inward to form an annular storage space; a filter part is inserted in the outer shell, and the filter part is a bowl-shaped structure, with the bowl mouth facing the bottom end of the outer shell, and the bottom end of the filter part is inserted into the storage space, and a gas flow path is formed between the filter part and the outer shell; a plurality of filter holes are provided on the side wall of the filter part; a plurality of guide parts are provided along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral wall of the filter part, and the guide parts are spiral structures.

[0007] Furthermore, the filter portion can slide along its own axial direction; a first elastic member is connected between the filter portion and the shell, and under the action of the first elastic member, the filter portion has a tendency to move toward the bottom end of the shell.

[0008] Furthermore, a magnetic part is fixedly inserted in the outer shell; a friction ring is also inserted in the outer shell, and the friction ring can slide along the axial direction of the filter part and form a magnetic connection with the magnetic part; the friction ring is connected to the outer shell through a one-way component, and under the action of the one-way component, the friction ring can move unidirectionally in a direction away from the bottom end of the outer shell; the filter part is frictionally sleeved on the friction ring and can slide axially relative to the friction ring, and has an upper limit position and a lower limit position. When the filter part is located at the upper limit position or the lower limit position, it forms a stop fit with the friction ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the one-way component includes a ratchet and a rotating rod, the ratchet is fixedly arranged on the outer shell and extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the filter part; the rotating rod is inserted in the friction ring, and the middle part of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the friction ring; a ratchet rod and a block rod are slidably inserted at both ends of the rotating rod, and the ratchet rod can simultaneously slide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the filter part and can engage with the ratchet; the block rod can extend out of the friction ring, and the block rod can simultaneously slide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the filter part and can form a stop fit with the filter part; the rotating rod is connected to the friction ring through a second elastic member, and under the action of the second elastic member, the rotating rod has a tendency to rotate until the ratchet rod and the ratchet are engaged.

[0010] Furthermore, the second elastic member is a torsion spring.

[0011] Furthermore, there are multiple one-way components, which are arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the housing has a conical ring segment, the conical ring segment and the filter portion are arranged correspondingly, and the taper of the conical ring end is equal to the taper of the filter portion, and the directions of the large openings are consistent.

[0013] Furthermore, the first elastic member is a compression spring.

[0014] Furthermore, the filter hole is arranged further outward than the bottom end of the shell.

[0015] Furthermore, liquid is stored in the storage space.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention relates to a welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop. By providing a storage space and a filter part and a guide part matched therewith, when filtering welding fume, one stream of welding fume passes through the filter holes for primary filtration, and the other stream of welding fume moves along the gas flow path, and then moves circumferentially at the same time under the guidance of the guide part, and solid impurities are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force to complete the primary filtration, and the thrown-out solid impurities fall into the storage space for unified collection, and the welding fume after the primary filtration is uniformly purified by the purifier and then discharged to avoid polluting the environment; after the filter hole is blocked, the welding fume can still move along the gas flow path, and then is filtered under the action of the guide part, thereby reducing smoke leakage; when the purifier is shut down, some solid impurities outside the filter part automatically fall into the storage space for unified collection, thereby achieving centralized collection of some solid impurities, reducing secondary pollution, and at the same time helping to reduce the workload and processing difficulty of subsequent cleaning operations.

[0017] Furthermore, by providing a first elastic member and cooperating with the filter part to slide along its own axial direction, after the filter hole is blocked, the filter part can move in a direction away from the bottom end of the shell in direct proportion to the blockage of the filter hole under the action of the pressure difference, and the first elastic member simultaneously accumulates force; when the purifier is shut down, the first elastic member is released, and the filter part is synchronously driven to accelerate and hit the shell, so that the blockage at the filter hole can be shaken off, realizing automatic dredging.

[0018] Furthermore, by arranging the outer shell with a conical ring section, the conical ring section and the filter part are arranged correspondingly, and the taper of the conical ring end is equal to the taper of the filter part, and the large mouth is directed in the same direction. After the filter hole is blocked, when the filter part is away from the bottom end of the outer shell under the action of the pressure difference, the width of the gas flow path is reduced, so that the flow rate of the welding smoke flowing through the gas flow path is increased, and then a greater centrifugal force can be generated under the guidance of the guide part, thereby improving the filtering effect of the welding smoke.

[0019] Furthermore, by providing a friction ring and providing a magnetic part and a one-way component that cooperate with it, when the filter hole is blocked, the filter part synchronously drives the friction ring to move upward; when the purifier is shut down, the friction ring remains stationary under the action of the one-way component, and under the action of the first elastic part, the filter part slowly moves downward relative to the friction ring through the friction cooperation between it and the friction ring. When the filter part moves to the lower limit position, the negative pressure inside the dust collector hood is restored to approximately atmospheric pressure, the one-way component fails, and the filter part synchronously drives the friction ring to move downward at an accelerated speed, thereby reducing the energy consumed by the filter part when overcoming the pressure difference and ensuring that the filter part can generate sufficient vibration energy when hitting the outer shell, so that the blockage at the filter hole can be shaken off to achieve automatic dredging.

[0020] Furthermore, by setting the filter holes further outward than the bottom end of the outer shell, after the purifier is shut down, all solid impurities on the outside of the filter part can fall into the storage space for unified collection, thereby achieving centralized collection of all solid impurities and avoiding secondary pollution. At the same time, it can save the subsequent cleaning operation and help reduce labor intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic front view of the structure of a welding fume collection and filtration device for a welding workshop provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a dust hood of a welding fume collection and filtration device for a welding workshop provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the exploded parts of a dust hood of a welding fume collection and filtration device for a welding workshop provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic front view of the structure of a dust hood of a welding fume collection and filtration device for a welding workshop provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the dust hood of the welding fume collection and filtering device of the welding workshop provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at Y in the middle; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the dust hood of the welding fume collection and filtering device of the welding workshop provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the locally enlarged structure at Z in the middle.

[0022] in: 1. Purifier; 101. Bellows; 2. Dust hood; 201. Housing; 2011. Storage space; 2012. Connecting portion; 2013. Mounting column; 2014. Guide rod; 2015. Blocking portion; 2016. Upper housing; 2017. Lower housing; 202. Filter portion; 2021. Filter hole; 203. Flow guide portion; 204. Compression spring; 205. Magnetic member; 206. Friction ring; 2061. Stop platform; 2062. Mounting cavity; 2063. Fixing column; 2064. Stop column; 207. One-way assembly; 2071. Ratchet; 2072. Rotating rod; 2073. Ratchet rod; 2074. Stop rod; 3. Bracket; 301. Fixed arm; 302. First cantilever; 303. Second cantilever; 304. Hinge seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] The serial numbers assigned to components herein, such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish the objects being described and do not convey any sequential or technical meaning. References to "connection" and "coupling" herein, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise" indicate positions or relationships based on those shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0026] Refer to the following Figures 1 to 10 The welding fume collecting and filtering device for a welding workshop provided in an embodiment of the present invention is described below. The device is particularly suitable for collecting and filtering welding fume generated in a welding workshop. Of course, it is also suitable for collecting and filtering other fumes, smoke, etc.

[0027] Specifically, the welding fume collection and filtering device of the welding workshop is configured to include a purifier 1, which includes a box body, an air inlet is opened at the top of the box body, a bellows 101 is fixedly connected to the air inlet, and the other end of the bellows 101 is fixedly connected to the dust hood 2, and the bellows 101 can be arbitrarily deformed and can be arbitrarily extended and contracted, so that the dust hood 2 can be moved to any position, thereby improving the applicability of the device; an air outlet is opened on the side wall of the box body; a suction fan and a filtering device are arranged in the box body, and the filtering device can be configured as any one of a filter element filter, an electrostatic precipitator, and activated carbon, or a combination of any two or more. The filtering device is connected to the air inlet and the air suction port of the suction fan at the same time, and the air exhaust port of the suction fan is connected to the air outlet, so that a negative pressure environment can be generated in the dust hood 2 by the suction fan, which is convenient for collecting welding fume, and the welding fume can be purified by the filtering device and then discharged through the air outlet to avoid polluting the environment.

[0028] The existing dust hood 2 is provided with a filter assembly inside, which is used to block solid impurities on the outside. The intercepted impurities always tend to move downward due to the action of gravity. When the suction fan is running, the airflow continuously generated by the suction fan moves upward, forming an upward airflow thrust. This thrust is balanced with the gravity of the solid impurities, causing the solid impurities to temporarily adhere to the surface of the filter assembly. However, when the suction fan is shut down, the airflow thrust disappears, and the resultant force acting on the solid impurities becomes a downward gravity. In the absence of an additional constraint structure, they will inevitably slide along the surface of the filter assembly and fall back to the outside world. The essence of this phenomenon is the change in the particle motion state caused by the imbalance between gravity and constraint force. Due to the lack of mechanical constraint design for impurities in the shutdown state, the directional collection of solid impurities cannot be achieved, which causes troubles in subsequent processing. At the same time, when the device is running, the amount of smoke entering the dust hood 2 depends on the balance between the negative pressure generated by the suction fan and the flow channel resistance. The degree of blockage of the filter assembly directly affects the flow resistance: when the filter surface is clean, the resistance of the airflow through the filter assembly is small, and the pressure difference formed inside and outside the dust hood 2 is sufficient to drive a sufficient amount of welding smoke into the dust hood 2; as the use time increases, the impurities attached to the surface of the filter assembly gradually increase, and the effective flow area of ​​the filter assembly decreases. When the power of the suction fan is constant, the increase in flow resistance will lead to a decrease in the air flow through the filter assembly; when the amount of smoke entering is less than the amount of welding smoke generated during welding, the negative pressure field around the dust hood 2 is destroyed, and the welding smoke breaks through the negative pressure constraint under the action of its own diffusion force, resulting in welding smoke leakage.

[0029] Based on this, in the welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop provided in an embodiment of the present invention, a dust hood 2 is provided, which includes a shell 201. The shell 201 is a cylindrical structure with both upper and lower ends open. When installed, the top end is fixedly sleeved on the end of the bellows 101 away from the purifier 1, and the bottom end is suspended. The bottom end of the shell 201 is folded inward to form an annular storage space 2011, and the storage space 2011 is used to store solid impurities; a connecting portion 2012 is fixedly provided on the inner peripheral wall of the shell 201, and the connecting portion 2012 divides the interior of the shell 201 into two upper and lower chambers along the axial direction. A through hole is opened on the connecting portion 2012, and the through hole connects the upper and lower chambers inside the shell 201 to avoid affecting the normal conduction of the gas path; a mounting column 2013 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the connecting portion 2012 , the mounting column 2013 and the outer shell 201 are coaxially arranged; the filter part 202 is coaxially sleeved on the mounting column 2013, the filter part 202 is a bowl-shaped structure, and the bowl mouth faces the bottom end of the outer shell 201, and the bottom end of the filter part 202 is inserted into the storage space 2011; a plurality of filter holes 2021 are provided on the side wall of the filter part 202; a gas flow path is formed between the filter part 202 and the outer shell 201, the first section of the gas flow path is composed of the inner circumferential wall of the filter part 202 and the inner circumferential wall of the bottom end of the outer shell 201, the second section of the gas flow path is composed of the bottom end of the filter part 202 and the storage space 2011, and the third section of the gas flow path is composed of the outer circumferential wall of the filter part 202 and the inner circumferential wall of the outer shell 201; a plurality of guide parts 203 are circumferentially provided on the outer circumferential wall of the filter part 202, and the guide parts 203 are strip-shaped spiral structures.

[0030] During use, the suction fan is started, and the suction fan forms a negative pressure at the bottom of the dust cover 2 through the air inlet and the bellows 101 in turn. Under the action of the pressure difference, Figure 7 As shown, the welding fume moves in the direction of the arrow and enters from the bottom of the dust hood 2. Subsequently, the welding fume airflow is naturally divided into two streams due to structural guidance: one of the welding fume airflows passes through the filter hole 2021 to complete the initial filtration. Since the aperture of the filter hole 2021 is designed to be smaller than the particle size of most solid impurities, the solid particulate matter in the welding fume airflow is intercepted on the outside of the filter part 202, and the gas that has been preliminarily purified enters between the outer wall of the filter part 202 and the outer shell 201; the other welding fume airflow flows along the gas flow path between the filter part 202 and the outer shell 201. Under the guidance of the guide part 203, this airflow simultaneously rotates in the circumferential direction to form a spiral upward airflow trajectory. During the rotation process, the solid impurities in the airflow generate centrifugal force due to inertia. This centrifugal force overcomes the constraints of the viscosity of the airflow and is thrown to the outer wall of the gas flow path. Then, under the action of gravity, it separates from the airflow and falls into the storage space 2011, completing the initial separation.

[0031] The airflow that has completed the initial filtration through the above two paths finally converges at the top of the dust hood 2 and enters the purifier 1. After deep purification treatment inside the purifier 1, the clean air is discharged, thus avoiding the impact of pollutants on the environment from the source. Figure 9 As shown, the welding smoke moves in the direction of the arrow, and the role of the gas flow path is particularly prominent: at this time, the amount of air passing through the filter hole 2021 is reduced, but the airflow flowing along the gas flow path can still maintain its rotational separation capability under the action of the guide part 203, ensuring that most of the welding smoke is effectively captured and avoiding smoke leakage caused by the failure of a single filter path. When the suction fan is shut down, the negative pressure environment disappears, and the solid impurities that were originally constrained by the adsorption force of the airflow lose their upward force balance. Under the dominant effect of gravity, the impurities attached to the outside of the filter part 202 slide along the wall and eventually fall into the impurity storage space 2011. Thus, the directional collection of impurities is achieved through structural guidance, which not only avoids the secondary pollution caused by the impurities falling back into the workshop environment, but also provides convenience for subsequent centralized cleaning, reducing the workload and operational difficulty of manual processing.

[0032] It is understandable that the connection portion 2012 can be configured as a cross-shaped, X-shaped, Y-shaped, U-shaped, or other shaped structure, as long as it can securely connect the mounting post 2013 to the housing 201 without affecting the normal conduction of the gas path.

[0033] In a further embodiment, in order to achieve self-cleaning of the filter hole 2021, a plurality of guide rods 2014 are fixedly provided at the bottom of the connecting portion 2012, the guide rods 2014 and the mounting column 2013 are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of guide rods 2014 are arranged circumferentially on the outside of the mounting column 2013; the filter portion 202 is slidably sleeved on all the guide rods 2014 during installation, and under the guidance of the guide rods 2014, the filter portion 202 can only slide along its own axial direction; a blocking portion 2015 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting column 2013 by bolts, and the blocking portion 201 The filter 202 is simultaneously sleeved on all guide rods 2014 and can slide axially relative to the guide rods 2014. The blocking portion 2015 can form a stop with the filter 202 to prevent the filter 202 from falling off. A first elastic member is connected between the filter 202 and the housing 201. The first elastic member can be configured as a compression spring 204. During installation, the compression spring 204 sleeves on the outside of all guide rods 2014, with its top end positioned at the bottom of the connecting portion 2012 and its bottom end positioned at the top of the filter 202. Under the action of the compression spring 204, the filter 202 tends to move downward. When the filter holes 2021 are clogged, the filter 202 moves upward under the pressure differential, simultaneously compressing the compression spring 204. The longer the welding time, the more severe the clog of the filter holes 2021, the greater the negative pressure inside the dust hood 2, and the greater the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the dust hood 2. Under the greater pressure differential, the filter 202 moves upward a greater distance and the compression of the compression spring 204 increases.

[0034] After welding is completed, the suction fan is shut down, and the negative pressure inside the dust hood 2 disappears. The compression spring 204 is released, which simultaneously drives the filter part 202 to accelerate downward movement, and then hits the blocking part 2015, thereby shaking off the blockage at the filter hole 2021 and achieving automatic dredging. The greater the degree of compression of the compression spring 204, the greater the vibration energy when the filter part 202 and the blocking part 2015 collide, thereby adapting to the more serious the blockage of the filter hole 2021 and ensuring the dredging effect of the filter hole 2021. Optionally, the blocking part 2015 can be set as a disc-shaped structure and coaxially arranged with the mounting post 2013 to ensure uniform force when the filter part 202 and the blocking part 2015 form a stop fit.

[0035] It is understandable that the first elastic member can also be set as a rubber matrix, which can be compressed and stored when the filter part 202 moves upward; after the suction fan stops, it can be released, synchronously driving the filter part 202 to accelerate downward movement, and then impacting the blocking part 2015, so that the blockage at the filter hole 2021 can be shaken off to achieve automatic dredging.

[0036] It is understandable that the number of the guide rod 2014 can also be one, and it can be a square structure, so as to ensure that the filter part 202 can only slide along its own axis under the geometric restrictions of the square structure.

[0037] In a further embodiment, in order to ensure the dredging effect of the filter hole 2021, a magnetic member 205 is fixedly installed in the housing 201, and the magnetic member 205 is fixedly arranged on the top of the blocking portion 2015. The magnetic member 205 can be made of materials such as iron, cobalt, and nickel to have magnetism; a friction ring 206 is slidably sleeved on the mounting column 2013, and the friction ring 206 is located above the magnetic member 205, and can be made of materials such as iron, cobalt, and nickel to have magnetism, thereby being able to form a magnetic connection with the magnetic member 205. The friction ring 206 can also slide along its own axial direction; the friction ring 206 is connected to the mounting column 2013 through a one-way component 207. Under the action of the one-way component 207, the friction ring 206 can move upward in one direction; the top of the filter part 202 is frictionally sleeved on the friction ring 206 at the same time, and can slide axially relative to the friction ring 206. A stop 2061 is fixedly provided on the top outer peripheral wall and the bottom outer peripheral wall of the friction ring 206, and the stop 2061 can form a stop fit with the filter part 202.

[0038] When the filter unit 202 moves upward relative to the friction ring 206 to form a stop with the upper stopper 2061, this is the upper limit position, which can drive the friction ring 206 to move upward together. When the filter unit 202 moves downward relative to the friction ring 206 to form a stop with the lower stopper 2061, this is the lower limit position, which can drive the friction ring 206 to move downward together. Optionally, the magnetic member 205 can be configured as an annular structure and sleeved on the bottom of the mounting post 2013 to ensure uniform magnetization of the friction ring 206. Optionally, the stopper 2061 can be configured as an annular structure to ensure uniform force when the filter unit 202 and the stopper 2061 form a stop.

[0039] During use, after the filter hole 2021 is blocked, the filter part 202 moves upward under the action of the pressure difference, synchronously compressing the compression spring 204, and the friction ring 206 remains stationary due to the magnetic connection between the filter part 202 and the magnetic part 205; when the filter part 202 moves upward to form a stop fit with the stopper 2061 located above, the filter part 202 synchronously drives the friction ring 206 to move upward through the stopper 2061 located above under the action of the pressure difference, so that the friction ring 206 and the magnetic part 205 are separated, and the compression spring 204 continues to be compressed. When the suction fan stops, under the action of the one-way component 207, the friction ring 206 remains stationary, and the compression spring 204 is released. Under the friction between the filter part 202 and the friction ring 206, the filter part 202 is synchronously driven to move slowly downward. In this process, the friction between the filter part 202 and the friction ring 206 forms a damping effect, which slows down the downward movement speed of the filter part 202 and avoids the premature consumption of the elastic potential energy of the compression spring 204 in the process of overcoming the pressure difference.

[0040] When the filter 202 moves to the stop 2061 located below, the negative pressure inside the dust hood 2 returns to approximately atmospheric pressure, and the one-way assembly 207 becomes ineffective. Subsequently, under the action of the compression spring 204, the filter 202 simultaneously drives the friction ring 206 downward through the stop 2061 located below. The elastic potential energy stored in the compression spring 204 is converted into kinetic energy of the filter 202 and the friction ring 206. Both accelerate downward movement under the thrust of the compression spring 204. Because the previous friction damping reduces ineffective energy loss, the kinetic energy accumulation at this time is maximized. Ultimately, the filter 202 violently collides with the stop 2015, and the vibration energy generated by the collision is transmitted to the filter hole 2021 through the side wall of the filter 202. This vibration is sufficient to break the adsorption and friction between the blockage and the wall of the filter hole 2021, so that the blockage is separated from the filter hole 2021 and falls into the storage space 2011, thereby achieving automatic dredging of the filter hole 2021 and restoring the normal filtering function of the filter part 202.

[0041] Furthermore, the one-way component 207 is configured to include a ratchet 2071 and a rotating rod 2072, wherein the ratchet 2071 is fixedly arranged on the circumferential side wall of the mounting post 2013, and there are multiple ratchet teeth 2071, which are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals along the axial direction. The cross-sectional shape of the ratchet teeth 2071 is a right-angled trapezoid, and the hypotenuse of the ratchet teeth 2071 is inclined upward and outward, and the short bottom edge of the ratchet teeth 2071 extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the mounting post 2013 and is located outside the long bottom edge; a friction ring 206 is formed in the friction ring 206. There is an installation cavity 2062, which is a strip-shaped structure and extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the friction ring 206. The top inner wall of the installation cavity 2062 is opened inward, and the bottom outer wall of the installation cavity 2062 is opened outward; a fixing column 2063 is fixedly inserted in the installation cavity 2062, and the fixing column 2063 is located at the center of the installation cavity 2062. The fixing column 2063 extends in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the friction ring 206; the middle part of the rotating rod 2072 is rotatably sleeved on the fixing column 2063.

[0042] In the installation cavity 2062, blocking columns 2064 are fixedly provided on both sides of the fixed column 2063. The blocking columns 2064 and the fixed column 2063 are arranged in parallel and are located on the same straight line. The straight line is inclined upward and inward at the same time. The blocking columns 2064 can form a stop fit with the rotating rod 2072, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the rotating rod 2072; a sliding groove is provided at both ends of the rotating rod 2072, and the extension direction of the sliding groove and the rotating rod 2072 coincides. A ratchet rod 2073 is movably inserted in the sliding groove located above. The ratchet rod 2073 extends in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the friction ring 206 and slides through the friction ring 206. The through hole on the top inner wall of the installation cavity 2062 can be engaged with the ratchet 2071 to limit the downward movement of the friction ring 206; a blocking rod 2074 is movably inserted in the slide groove below, and the blocking rod 2074 extends in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the friction ring 206, and slides through the through hole on the bottom outer wall of the installation cavity 2062, and can extend to the outside of the friction ring 206, and can form a stop fit with the filter part 202 to make the one-way component 207 invalid; the rotating rod 2072 is connected to the friction ring 206 by a second elastic member, and the second elastic member can be set as a torsion spring. Under the action of the torsion spring, Figure 10 As shown, under the obstruction of the blocking column 2064, the rotating rod 2072 is approximately in a vertical state, thereby driving the ratchet rod 2073 to pass through the through hole on the top inner wall of the installation cavity 2062 and engage with the ratchet 2071, thereby limiting the downward movement of the friction ring 206, and at the same time driving the blocking rod 2074 to pass through the through hole on the bottom outer wall of the installation cavity 2062 and extend to the outside of the friction ring 206.

[0043] Initially, if Figure 8 As shown, the filter portion 202 simultaneously forms a stop fit with the stop rod 2074 and the stop platform 2061 located below, the stop rod 2074 retracts into the friction ring 206, the rotating rod 2072 is in an inclined state, and the ratchet rod 2073 also retracts into the friction ring 206.

[0044] During use, when the filter portion 202 moves upward relative to the friction ring 206 and is out of engagement with the stop rod 2074, the rotating rod 2072 rotates under the action of the torsion spring until it forms a stop engagement with the stop post 2064. Figure 10 As shown, at this time, the rotating rod 2072 is approximately in a vertical state, so that it can drive the ratchet rod 2073 to pass through the through hole on the top inner wall of the installation cavity 2062 and engage with the ratchet 2071, thereby limiting the downward movement of the friction ring 206. At the same time, it can drive the blocking rod 2074 to pass through the through hole on the bottom outer wall of the installation cavity 2062 and extend to the outside of the friction ring 206.

[0045] When the filter part 202 moves downward relative to the friction ring 206 and forms a stop fit with the baffle rod 2074, the filter part 202 drives the baffle rod 2074 to retract inward into the friction ring 206, and the baffle rod 2074 simultaneously drives the rotating rod 2072 to rotate to an inclined state, and the rotating rod 2072 simultaneously drives the ratchet rod 2073 to retract into the friction ring 206 and disengage from the ratchet 2071; then, the filter part 202 can synchronously drive the friction ring 206 to move downward.

[0046] In a further embodiment, in order to improve the operational reliability of the device, multiple one-way components 207 are provided and arranged circumferentially. This arrangement can optimize the operational stability of the device from multiple dimensions: Specifically, from the perspective of force balance, the multiple circumferentially distributed one-way components 207 can evenly distribute the axial restraining force acting on the friction ring 206 to all locations around its circumference. When the friction ring 206 moves upward under the influence of the filter unit 202, the engaging force between the ratchet rod 2073 and the ratchet teeth 2071 of each one-way component 207 is symmetrically distributed along the circumference. This prevents localized wear or deformation caused by excessive force on a single one-way component 207, thereby extending the component's service life.

[0047] In terms of functional redundancy, even if a single one-way component 207 becomes stuck or fails due to long-term use, the remaining circumferentially distributed components can still maintain their one-way restraint function on the friction ring 206. This multi-component collaborative design reduces the risk of failure of the entire one-way restraint system due to a failure of a single one-way component 207, ensuring that the friction ring 206 maintains stable one-way movement during the reciprocating motion of the filter unit 202.

[0048] In terms of motion guidance, the multiple circumferentially arranged one-way components 207 indirectly assist in guiding the axial movement of the friction ring 206 through the mating relationship between the ratchet rod 2073 and the ratchet teeth 2071. When the filter unit 202 drives the friction ring 206, the circumferentially distributed restraining points effectively suppress the deflection or tilt of the friction ring 206 due to uneven force, ensuring that it always moves smoothly along its axis, avoiding abnormal friction with the mounting post 2013 or the filter unit 202, and further improving the reliability of the device.

[0049] Specifically, there are a plurality of mounting cavities 2062 , which are arranged circumferentially, and each mounting cavity 2062 is provided with a fixing column 2063 and two blocking columns 2064 ; the ratchet teeth 2071 are annular in structure and are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction.

[0050] In other embodiments, after the filter hole 2021 is clogged, in order to improve the filtering effect on welding fumes, the housing 201 is configured to have a conical ring section, the conical ring section and the filter unit 202 are correspondingly arranged, and the taper of the conical ring end is equal to the taper of the filter unit 202, and the large openings are oriented in the same direction. In this way, when the filter hole 2021 is clogged, the amount of air passing through the filter hole 2021 is reduced, resulting in an increase in the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filter unit 202, which pushes the filter unit 202 to move axially away from the bottom end of the housing 201. Because the taper of the conical ring section matches that of the filter unit 202 and the large openings are oriented in the same direction, the width of the gas flow path formed between the two will gradually decrease as the filter unit 202 moves upward. According to the principles of fluid mechanics, when the suction force of the purifier 1 is relatively stable, the reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel will cause the flow rate of welding fumes flowing through the gas flow path to increase accordingly.

[0051] When the welding fume, with its increased velocity, contacts the guide 203, it receives a stronger circumferential driving force, thereby increasing the intensity of its rotational motion. This enhanced rotational motion subjects solid impurities in the airflow to a greater centrifugal force, which more effectively overcomes the viscous forces of the airflow, separating the impurities from the airflow and flinging them toward the inner wall of the conical ring segment. Subsequently, under the influence of gravity, the impurities slide along the wall into the impurity storage space 2011, achieving more efficient primary filtration.

[0052] Furthermore, the matching taper of the conical ring segment and filter section 202 ensures a smooth transition in the gas flow path during width changes, avoiding localized turbulence. This not only reduces airflow energy loss but also ensures a more stable centrifugal separation. Even if filter holes 2021 become clogged, the enhanced filtration function of the gas flow path maintains efficient capture of welding fumes.

[0053] In other embodiments, to fully collect solid impurities outside the filter 202, the filter holes 2021 are positioned further outward than the bottom end of the housing 201. This ensures that the entire outer wall of the filter 202, which intercepts impurities, is located directly above the impurity storage space 2011. When the purifier 1 is operating, solid impurities in welding fume are intercepted by the filter holes 2021 and adhere to the outer wall of the filter 202. At this point, the impurities are held relatively stationary by the combined forces of airflow adsorption and gravity. When the purifier 1 is shut down, the airflow adsorption force disappears, and the impurities are only affected by gravity. Because the lowest point of the outer wall of the filter 202 (i.e., the plane where the filter holes 2021 are located) is higher than the bottom end of the housing 201, and the entire interception area is within the vertical projection of the impurity storage space 2011, the movement of impurities along the wall is strictly confined to above the impurity storage space 2011. No matter where the impurities initially adhere to the outside of the filter portion 202 , they will eventually slide down the wall under the influence of gravity and eventually fall into the impurity storage space 2011 .

[0054] This fundamentally eliminates the possibility of impurities falling outside of storage space 2011 due to positional deviation, ensuring the complete collection of all solid impurities outside of filter section 202. By completely confining the impurities within storage space 2011, secondary contamination caused by scattered impurities after shutdown is avoided. Furthermore, there is no need to perform additional cleaning of impurities that have fallen outside, simplifying subsequent operations and reducing labor intensity.

[0055] It should be noted that when impurities continue to collide and contact with the curved inner wall of the outer shell 201, the energy of the impurities will be lost, and the residual energy may not be enough to allow the impurities to slide along the preset path into the storage space 2011. However, this part of the impurities will either remain on the curved inner wall of the outer shell 201 or slide into the storage space 2011 under the influence of subsequent wind force. They will not leave the dust hood 2, thereby avoiding ineffective dust collection.

[0056] It should also be noted that when the instantaneous concentration of welding smoke changes, it may cause the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the dust hood 2 to change, which may cause the vibration cleaning mechanism to start incorrectly. At this time, since the entire interception area is within the vertical projection range of the storage space 2011, the impurities vibrated out from the filter hole 2021 will naturally fall into the storage space 2011, and will not leave the dust hood 2, avoiding ineffective dust collection. At the same time, the filter hole 2021 can restore the filtering function to ensure the filtering performance of the collection and filtering device.

[0057] In other embodiments, to improve the retention rate of solid impurities in the impurity storage space 2011, liquid is stored in the impurity storage space 2011. In this way, multiple constraint mechanisms are constructed through the physical properties of the liquid medium to enhance the retention effect of impurities: Specifically, from a mechanical constraint perspective, when solid impurities escape from filter 202 or the gas flow path and fall into storage space 2011 under the action of gravity, they first contact the liquid surface and become immersed in the liquid. The viscous resistance of the liquid quickly offsets the impurities' kinetic energy, causing them to settle smoothly to the bottom of the liquid, avoiding any rebound splashing caused by the impurities hitting the bottom of storage space 2011. This buffering effect fundamentally blocks the impurities' path to escape from storage space 2011 again, solving the problem of impurities being easily re-lifted due to vibration or airflow disturbances in a dry state.

[0058] From a spatial isolation perspective, the liquid forms a continuous medium that separates solid impurities from the external air environment. Even during localized airflow disturbances during device operation or shutdown, the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid effectively prevent impurities from penetrating the liquid layer and entering the air, ensuring that the impurities remain confined within the liquid. Furthermore, the liquid's encapsulation of impurities reduces the secondary diffusion of fine particles, further enhancing the sealed collection efficiency of the impurity storage space 2011.

[0059] Furthermore, the liquid's wettability creates a film of liquid on the surface of solid impurities, increasing the adsorption between particles and causing small impurities to aggregate into larger clusters. This agglomeration effect reduces the impurities' mobility, allowing them to settle more stably at the bottom of the impurity storage space 2011. This physical effect strengthens the long-term retention of solid impurities and facilitates subsequent centralized cleaning.

[0060] Specifically, the liquid can be set to water.

[0061] In other embodiments, to facilitate both assembly of the dust hood 2 and cleaning of the debris storage space 2011, the housing 201 is axially divided into an upper housing 2016 and a lower housing 2017, wherein the upper housing 2016 and the lower housing 2017 are detachably connected by bolts, and the debris storage space 2011 is formed within the lower housing 2017. Thus, when assembling the dust hood 2, the upper housing 2016 can be inverted with its large opening facing upward, and then the compression spring 204 can be sleeved onto the outside of all the guide rods 2014, and then the friction ring 206 and the filter portion 202 can be sleeved onto the mounting post 2013. Then, the blocking portion 2015 can be passed through all the guide rods 2014 and fixed to the bottom of the mounting post 2013 by bolts, and then the lower housing 2017 can be fixed to the upper housing 2016 by bolts, thereby completing the assembly of the dust hood 2. When the storage space 2011 needs to be cleaned, the bolts connecting the upper shell 2016 and the lower shell 2017 can be unscrewed, and then the upper shell 2016 and the lower shell 2017 can be separated to pour out the solid impurities in the storage space 2011.

[0062] It is understandable that, in order to ensure the sealing performance of the dust hood 2, a sealing ring may be provided between the upper shell 2016 and the lower shell 2017.

[0063] It should be noted that after the upper shell 2016 and the lower shell 2017 are separated multiple times, the sealing ring between the two may be damaged due to multiple disassemblies, resulting in poor sealing performance. At this time, a new sealing ring can be replaced to ensure the sealing performance of the dust hood 2.

[0064] In other embodiments, moving wheels are provided at the bottom of the housing of the purifier 1, and the moving wheels can roll freely, so that the purifier 1, the bellows 101 and the dust hood 2 can be conveniently moved by the moving wheels.

[0065] In other embodiments, in order to support the bellows 101, the welding fume collection and filtering device of the welding workshop is configured to also include a bracket 3, the bracket 3 includes a fixed arm 301, the fixed arm 301 is vertically arranged, and can be fixed at a preset position by bolts; a first cantilever 302 is fixed on the top side wall of the fixed arm 301, and the first cantilever 302 extends in a horizontal direction; a second cantilever 303 is rotatably connected to the first cantilever 302 through a hinge seat 304, and the second cantilever 303 extends in a horizontal direction; the bellows 101 is fixed to the second cantilever 303 by a clamp during installation.

[0066] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0067] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that variations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention, and such variations and modifications are fully within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop, characterized in that: The welding fume collection and filtering device of the welding workshop includes a purifier and a dust hood connected to each other; Wherein, the purifier is configured to be able to both generate a negative pressure environment in the dust hood and purify the welding fume; The dust hood includes an outer shell, which is a cylindrical structure, and the bottom end is folded inward to form an annular storage space; a filter part is inserted in the outer shell, and the filter part is a bowl-shaped structure, with the bowl mouth facing the bottom end of the outer shell, and the bottom end of the filter part is inserted into the storage space, and a gas flow path is formed between the filter part and the outer shell; a plurality of filter holes are provided on the side wall of the filter part; a plurality of guide parts are provided along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral wall of the filter part, and the guide parts are spiral structures.

2. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter portion can slide along its own axial direction; a first elastic member is connected between the filter portion and the shell, and under the action of the first elastic member, the filter portion has a tendency to move toward the bottom end of the shell.

3. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 2, characterized in that: A magnetic part is also fixedly inserted in the shell; a friction ring is also inserted in the shell, and the friction ring can slide along the axial direction of the filter part and form a magnetic connection with the magnetic part; the friction ring is connected to the shell through a one-way component, and under the action of the one-way component, the friction ring can move unidirectionally in a direction away from the bottom end of the shell; the filter part is frictionally sleeved on the friction ring and can slide axially relative to the friction ring, and has an upper limit position and a lower limit position. When the filter part is at the upper limit position or the lower limit position, it forms a stop fit with the friction ring.

4. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 3, characterized in that: The one-way component includes a ratchet and a rotating rod, the ratchet is fixedly provided on the outer shell and extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the filter part; the rotating rod is inserted in the friction ring, and the middle part of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the friction ring; a ratchet rod and a block rod are slidably inserted at both ends of the rotating rod, and the ratchet rod can simultaneously slide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the filter part and can engage with the ratchet; the block rod can extend out of the friction ring, and the block rod can simultaneously slide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the filter part and can form a stop fit with the filter part; the rotating rod is connected to the friction ring through a second elastic member, and under the action of the second elastic member, the rotating rod has a tendency to rotate until the ratchet rod and the ratchet are engaged.

5. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second elastic member is a torsion spring.

6. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are multiple one-way components, which are arranged along the circumferential direction.

7. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell has a cone ring section, the cone ring section and the filter portion are arranged correspondingly, and the taper of the cone ring end is equal to the taper of the filter portion, and the directions of the large openings are consistent.

8. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first elastic member is a compression spring.

9. The welding fume collection and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter hole is arranged outside of the bottom end of the shell.

10. The welding fume collecting and filtering device for a welding workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: Liquid is stored in the storage space.

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