Turnover type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor rod and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rod construction, and discloses an overturning type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor rod which comprises a rod body, the rod body is sleeved with a plurality of sleeves evenly distributed in the length direction of the rod body, the outer walls of the sleeves are hinged to a plurality of telescopic rods distributed in the annular circumferential direction, and the telescopic rods can be overturned outwards; the outer wall of the rod body is provided with external threads, the upper end and the lower end of each sleeve are each provided with a first nut, the rod body is sleeved with the first nuts in a threaded mode, the specific positions of the sleeves are fixed through adjustment of the threads of the first nuts, and an anchor rod head is installed at one end of the rod body. The second elastic assembly drives the telescopic rod to turn over outwards and cooperates with the first elastic assembly to achieve rigid constraint, after the string is cut off, the second spring releases elastic force and drives the telescopic rod to turn over quickly, meanwhile, the connecting rod slides upwards to enable the positioning block to be clamped into the sleeve hole, reverse rotation of the telescopic rod is limited, constraint is formed, and the telescopic rod can be completely unfolded; and the problem of extension uncertainty is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rod construction, in particular to a flip-type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor rod and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Anchor support refers to a reinforcement support method used in surface engineering projects such as rock and soil slopes and deep foundation pits, as well as underground chambers such as tunnels and stopes. Anchor support mainly uses the friction or anchoring force between the anchor and the rock and soil to form a certain support system to resist the deformation and damage of the rock and soil and achieve the purpose of support. In engineering construction, due to adverse geological conditions such as soft rock, groundwater, and fractured rock, conventional anchor support is often difficult to fully play its role and it is difficult to ensure the stability of the support structure and the safety of construction workers.

[0003] In order to ensure the stability of the anchor support structure and the safety of construction workers, the existing Chinese patent with publication number CN221276590U discloses an anti-floating anchor structure, including an anchor end, a ring and an expanded frame. The ring is arranged on the outer periphery of the anchor end, and the top surface of the ring is recessed downward to form a notch. A connecting pin is embedded in the notch. Multiple expanded frames are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the ring. The expanded frame is rod-shaped, and one end of the expanded frame is provided with a pin hole, which is hinged to the notch of the ring through the pin hole. The expanded frame uses the weight of its upper end to drive the expanded frame to rotate with the connecting pin as the rotating axis, and the extension of the expanded frame is ensured by repeatedly pulling the anchor up and down.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned existing technology can improve the anti-floating performance of the anchor rod, the expansion and extension of the expanded skeleton relies on the gravity of its upper end to rotate around the rotating axis, and the anchor rod needs to be pulled up and down several times to ensure the expansion of the expanded skeleton. This process is uncertain and cannot ensure that the expanded skeleton is fully extended. At the same time, the structure lacks a constraint device. After the expanded skeleton is extended, it may rotate in the opposite direction under the action of the reaction force and mud, and the expected effect cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a flip-type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor rod and a construction method thereof.

[0006] The present invention proposes a flip-type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor rod, comprising a rod body, a plurality of sleeves uniformly distributed along the length direction of the rod body, and a plurality of telescopic rods distributed in an annular circumferential direction are hingedly provided on the outer wall of the sleeve, and the telescopic rods can be flipped outward; the outer wall of the rod body has an external thread, and the upper and lower ends of each sleeve are provided with a first nut threadedly fitted on the rod body, and the specific position of the sleeve is fixed by adjusting the thread of the first nut, one end of the rod body is installed with an anchor rod head, and the other end of the rod body is a grouting end and is provided with a grouting plug and a pad, the grouting plug is in contact with the drill hole, the pad is in contact with the end of the grouting plug located outside the drill hole and is locked by a second nut, and the second nut is threadedly connected to the grouting end of the rod body so that the pad is in close contact with the ground; The outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a receiving groove corresponding to the plurality of telescopic rods, the first end of the telescopic rod is hinged to the first end of the receiving groove, and the second end of the telescopic rod is received in the second end of the receiving groove after being retracted; A constraint hole is formed in the sleeve and is located on the inner wall of the first end of the receiving groove. A first elastic component capable of radial deformation is provided in the constraint hole. A connecting rod is hingedly mounted on one side of the first end of the telescopic rod, and the free end of the connecting rod is plugged into the constraint hole and abuts against the movable end of the first elastic component. When the second end of the telescopic rod is flipped outward, the free end of the connecting rod slides axially and engages with the first elastic component. A spring groove is provided in the sleeve and is located on the side wall of the receiving groove. A second elastic component is provided in the spring groove. The other side of the first end of the telescopic rod is connected to the second elastic component. The second elastic component is driven by an external driving force to release the stored energy and drive the telescopic rod to flip outward. In response to the problems of unreliable expansion and easy reverse rotation of the traditional anchor rod expansion frame, this design uses double elastic components to achieve controllable expansion and rigid constraint of the telescopic rod. The storage groove can retract and store the telescopic rod to facilitate the lowering of the entire anchor rod into the borehole. The second elastic component provides the flipping driving force, and the first elastic component locks the position after expansion to avoid reverse rotation. The external thread design of the rod body allows the sleeve to adjust the spacing through the first nut to adapt to boreholes of different lengths. The grouting plug and the pad work together to ensure stable grouting pressure and avoid leakage.

[0007] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the constraint hole is a cross-shaped hole, the free end of the connecting rod is plugged into the axial hole of the cross-shaped hole and blocks one side opening of the radial hole, the first elastic component is arranged in the radial hole and the movable end abuts against the side of the free end of the connecting rod; the side of the free end of the connecting rod has a sleeve hole adapted to the first elastic component, when the free end of the connecting rod slides along the axial hole, the movable end of the first elastic component is plugged into the sleeve hole to limit the axial displacement of the connecting rod; The axial hole of the cross-shaped constraint hole guides the sliding of the connecting rod, and the radial hole accommodates the first elastic component. When the telescopic rod is flipped outward to a certain angle, the sleeve hole is aligned with the first elastic component, and the movable end of the first elastic component is inserted into the sleeve hole to form a rigid lock, solving the problem of reverse rotation caused by the lack of constraints in the traditional structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the first elastic component includes a positioning block slidably disposed in the radial hole of the constraint hole, one end of the positioning block being fixed to the inner wall of the end of the radial hole by a first spring, and the other end of the positioning block facing the opening of the radial hole and abutting against the side of the connecting rod; when the free end of the connecting rod slides along the axial hole and the sleeve hole is opposite to the positioning block, the positioning block slides radially under the deformation action of the first spring and passes through the sleeve hole; The first spring (elastic coefficient 20N / mm) pushes the positioning block to move radially. When the sleeve holes are aligned, the positioning block is instantly inserted into the sleeve holes with an insertion depth of ≥5mm to ensure reliable locking. The response time of this structure is less than 0.1s, and locking can be completed at the moment the telescopic rod is fully extended.

[0009] Furthermore, the length of the positioning block is greater than the width of the axial hole of the constraint hole. When the first spring is in the maximum deformation state, the free end of the positioning block passes through the sleeve hole and is plugged and assembled with the open side of the radial hole. The length of the positioning block (15mm) is greater than the width of the axial hole (10mm), ensuring that after it passes through the sleeve hole, part of it is still connected to the opening side of the radial hole, forming a two-way constraint, and the pull-out force is increased to more than 20kN, preventing the telescopic rod from loosening under the pressure of the rock and soil.

[0010] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the second elastic component includes a second spring and a thin rope, the two ends of the second spring are respectively connected to the other side of the first end of the telescopic rod and the side wall of the storage groove, one end of the thin rope is inserted into the second spring and fixedly connected to the telescopic rod, and the other end of the thin rope passes through the inner hole of the sleeve and extends to the inner hole of the rod body, and multiple thin ropes are knotted and fixed in the inner hole of the rod body, and the second spring is in a maximum compression state at this time; when the telescopic rod needs to be flipped outward, the thin rope is cut by a reamer, and the second spring recovers its deformation to drive the telescopic rod to flip outward; The second spring (compression amount 30mm) stores elastic potential energy, and the thin rope (tensile strength ≥50N) pre-constrains the telescopic rod in the storage groove. During construction, the reamer cuts the thin rope from the hole in the rod body, and the spring is instantly released, driving the telescopic rod to flip outward, ensuring that it can be fully deployed even in loose strata.

[0011] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, a coaxially aligned spring groove and a thin hole are opened on the side wall of the storage groove, and the spring groove is connected to the rope threading hole on the outer wall of the rod through the thin hole. The second spring in a compressed state is accommodated through the spring groove, and the thin rope passes through the thin hole and the rope threading hole into the inner hole of the rod body for knotting; The spring groove (depth 20mm) protects the second spring in the compressed state to prevent it from being squeezed and deformed by the rock and soil when drilling. The fine hole guides the thin rope into the inner hole of the rod. The connection design between the rope hole and the inner hole ensures that the thin rope is concentrated in the center of the rod body, which is convenient for the reamer to cut it off in one go.

[0012] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, pin holes are provided on two opposite side walls of the storage slot, and the first end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the pin hole via a rotating shaft; The rotation coordination between the rotating shaft and the pin hole ensures smooth flipping of the telescopic rod. The double-sided pin hole design makes the rotating bearing bear the force evenly, avoiding deformation caused by unilateral force and adapting to the vibration environment of repeated grouting.

[0013] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, a through hole tangent to the side wall of the storage groove is opened in the first end thereof, and the through hole is connected to the grouting hole on the outer wall of the rod body. A grouting hose communicating with the inner hole of the rod body is provided in the grouting hole, and the other end of the grouting hose extends into the through hole and is connected to the grouting inlet of the telescopic rod; The through hole cooperates with the grouting hose to guide the grouting liquid in the rod body into the telescopic rod, realizing the integrated grouting of "rod body-telescopic rod". The hose can bend as the telescopic rod flips, ensuring smooth grouting and evenly spreading the slurry to the cracks in the rock and soil.

[0014] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the telescopic rod is a multi-section telescopic tube, a boss is installed on one side of the first end of the telescopic rod, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the boss through a hinge shaft, and a grouting hole connected to the inner cavity of the telescopic rod is opened on the outer wall of the telescopic rod; Two adjacent telescopic tubes are slidably connected, and a limit ring is installed at the end of the inner telescopic tube. The outer diameter of the limit ring is larger than the opening diameter of the telescopic tube, which can prevent the telescopic tube from slipping. After the telescopic rod 2 is turned outward, the multi-section telescopic tube can naturally extend under the action of gravity. After the multi-section telescopic tube (3-5 sections) is expanded, its length can reach several times of its original length, thereby expanding the anchoring range. The grouting holes allow the slurry to seep out from the side wall of the telescopic rod, forming a larger consolidation body with the rock and soil, which is conducive to improving the anchoring force.

[0015] A construction method for a flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor rod, the specific construction steps are as follows: S1 assembles the anchor rod by putting the sleeve on the designated position of the rod body and then tightening the sleeve with the first nut at both ends; S2 fixes one end of the string to the telescopic rod, and the other end of the string passes through the second spring, the thin hole, and the string hole on the outer wall of the rod in sequence, and extends to the inner hole of the rod body. The multiple strings in the same sleeve are guided to the end of the rod body and tightened, so that the second spring is compressed and stored in the spring groove. Finally, the multiple strings are tied and fixed; S3 locates the grouting soil and the drilling position on the supporting slope, starts the drilling rig to spray high-pressure water to drill the hole, and adjusts the water pressure to expand the hole at a specific location. The diameter and thickness of the expanded hole are larger than the maximum diameter and thickness of the telescopic rod after it is flipped and expanded, ensuring that the telescopic joint can be fully extended. After S4 uses a drilling vehicle to install the rod body into the drilled hole, the thin wire in the inner hole of the grouting anchor rod is cut with a reamer. The telescopic rod flips outward under the elastic force of the second spring. The telescopic tubes of the telescopic rod are stretched out in sequence under the action of gravity. The grouting anchor rod is connected to the grouting pump vehicle, and grouting can be started, eventually forming a grouting consolidation section. This method achieves efficient construction through the "pre-constraint-trigger deployment-synchronous grouting" process. The hole expansion step ensures sufficient space for the telescopic rod to expand. The triggering method of cutting the thin rope with a reamer does not require multiple lifting of the anchor rod, reducing disturbance in the hole. It is suitable for loose sand layers. The grouting pressure is controlled at 1.5-2MPa, the slurry diffusion radius reaches 1m, and the construction time of a single anchor rod is ≤30 minutes, which is 40% more efficient than traditional methods.

[0016] The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor rod and its construction method proposed in the present invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) Elastic drive and constrained positioning to ensure reliable expansion of the telescopic rod The second elastic component drives the telescopic rod to flip outward, cooperating with the first elastic component to achieve rigid constraint. When the string is cut, the second spring releases its elastic force, driving the telescopic rod to flip quickly. At the same time, the connecting rod slides upward to allow the positioning block to engage with the sleeve hole, limiting the reverse rotation of the telescopic rod and forming a constraint, allowing the telescopic rod to fully extend, solving the problem of extension uncertainty. (2) Multi-section expansion and grouting hole design to enhance anchoring force The telescopic rod adopts a multi-section telescopic tube, which can be extended several times in length after being unfolded. Combined with the grouting holes on the outer wall, the grouting liquid can be evenly spread to the cracks in the rock and soil. This can improve the anchoring force of the anchor rod and also help expand the scope of grouting consolidation, thereby effectively resisting the deformation of the rock and soil. (3) Integrated grouting and grouting design to improve construction efficiency The hollow structure of the rod body is connected to the grouting hose. After the telescopic rod is unfolded, grouting can be carried out simultaneously, avoiding secondary operations. The grouting plug cooperates with the pad to ensure stable grouting pressure, which is conducive to shortening the construction time of a single anchor rod, improving the grouting density, and reducing material waste caused by leakage. (IV) Controllable deployment mechanism to reduce construction risks The second spring is pre-constrained by a thin rope, so that the telescopic rod is stored in the storage groove, which facilitates the entire anchor rod to be lowered into the borehole. After reaching the predetermined depth, the deployment is triggered by simply cutting the thin rope with a reamer. This eliminates the need to repeatedly pull the anchor rod, reduces disturbance in the hole, and helps reduce the risk of borehole collapse. It is especially suitable for loose sandy soil formations. (5) The construction method is simple and controllable, easy to promote and apply The construction steps are clear, from anchor rod assembly and string fixation to drilling and triggering deployment. No professional equipment is required throughout the process, and ordinary construction teams can operate it after simple training. This is conducive to improving the construction qualification rate and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first state of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second state structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 5 It is a front cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the sleeve of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the telescopic rod of the present invention in an extended state; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point B in the middle.

[0019] Description of the drawings: 1. Rod body; 2. Telescopic rod; 21. Boss; 22. Rotating shaft; 3. Sleeve; 31. Constraint hole; 32. Through hole; 33. Pin hole; 34. Spring slot; 35. Fine hole; 36. Receiving slot; 4. First nut; 5. Pad; 6. Second nut; 7. Grouting plug; 8. Connecting rod; 9. Positioning block; 10. First spring; 11. Second spring; 12. Anchor head; 13. Sleeve hole; 14. Grouting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar symbols throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0022] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 The specific implementation of a flip-type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor is as follows: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the hollow grouting anchor rod uses the rod body 1 as the core load-bearing structure. It is made of high-strength seamless steel pipe and can withstand large tension and pressure to ensure stable support for the rock and soil under complex geological conditions. The hollow design of the rod body 1 is the key to the grouting function of the entire anchor rod. Its internal channel is like a "highway" for transporting slurry, laying the foundation for subsequent grouting operations. The outer wall of the rod body is covered with multiple sleeves 3 evenly distributed along the length direction. These sleeves are like "joints" on the rod body, providing key connection points for the installation and movement of the telescopic rod 2. Specifically, if Figure 3-Figure 5 As shown, the outer wall of each sleeve 3 is hinged to four telescopic rods 2 through a rotating shaft 22 to form a radially expandable anchoring unit. When the telescopic rod 2 is retracted, it is stored in the storage groove 36 of the sleeve 3. At this time, the anchor rod is in a relatively compact shape as a whole, which is convenient for lowering in the drill hole. When anchoring is required, the telescopic rod 2 is unfolded, the angle is locked by the first elastic component, and the second elastic component provides the unfolding driving force. Furthermore, the outer wall of the rod body 1 is processed with an external thread, and the position of the sleeve 3 is fixed by the first nut 4. The operator can accurately adjust the position of the sleeve 3 on the rod body 1 according to the actual anchoring requirements. By tightening the first nut 4, the sleeve 3 can be firmly fixed to ensure that the sleeve 3 will not be displaced during the subsequent construction process, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the deployment of the telescopic rod 2. Specifically, if Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the end of the anchor rod is installed with a grouting plug 7, a pad 5 and a second nut 6 in sequence to form a grouting sealing system. The grouting plug 7 is made of high-quality rubber material, which has good elasticity and sealing properties. It can fit tightly with the inner wall of the borehole and effectively prevent the leakage of slurry during the grouting process. The pad 5 plays a role in dispersing pressure, and the second nut 6 is used to compress the grouting plug 7. By adjusting the tightening degree of the second nut 6, the pressure of the grouting plug 7 on the inner wall of the borehole can be accurately controlled to ensure that the grouting pressure is stable within an appropriate range. During construction, after the anchor rod is lowered into the borehole as a whole, the thin rope is cut to release the second spring 11, and the telescopic rod 2 is flipped outward and extended through the multi-section telescopic tube. During this process, the design of the multi-section telescopic tube is like a stretchable antenna, which can flexibly adjust the length according to the actual situation of the space in the borehole and the rock and soil to achieve the best anchoring effect. At the same time, it is connected to the inner hole of the rod body 1 through the grouting hose to realize the "deployment-anchoring-grouting" integrated operation, solving the problems of limited anchoring range and unreliable deployment of traditional anchor rods.

[0023] Specifically, if Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the telescopic rod structure is as follows: A four-section nested telescopic tube is used, and adjacent tubes are prevented from falling off by limiting rings. The limiting rings are like "safety buckles" between the tubes, preventing the tubes from falling off during the extension and contraction of the telescopic tubes, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and stability of the telescopic rod 2. After expansion, the length can reach several times the original length, greatly expanding the anchoring range. Grouting holes 14 are opened on the outer wall of the telescopic rod. These holes are like "small nozzles" to ensure that the slurry is evenly diffused into the rock and soil. A boss 21 is welded on one side of the first end, which is connected to the connecting rod 8 through a hinge shaft and is hooked to the second spring 11 on the other side. This connection method provides a key mechanical linkage basis for the expansion and locking of the telescopic rod 2. Specifically, if Figure 3-Figure 5 As shown, the storage slot is designed as follows: The depth of the storage groove 36 on the outer wall of the sleeve 3 matches the retracted state of the telescopic rod 2. Pin holes 33 are provided on both side walls, which are hinged to the telescopic rod 2 through the rotating shaft 22 to ensure smooth flipping. A cross-shaped constraint hole 31 is provided on the inner wall of the first end of the storage groove 36. The radial hole has a built-in first elastic component, and the axial hole is for the connecting rod 8 to slide. The storage groove 36 is like a "storage box" for the telescopic rod 2. When the anchor rod is not deployed, it provides a safe and compact storage space for the telescopic rod 2. At the same time, its special structural design provides the necessary space and structural support for the deployment and locking of the telescopic rod 2. Specifically, the linkage mechanism between the first elastic component and the second elastic component is as follows: First elastic component: The positioning block 9 in the radial hole of the constraint hole 31 is connected to the bottom of the hole through the first spring 10 (elastic coefficient 20N / mm). When the telescopic rod 2 is flipped outward, the connecting rod 8 slides along the axial hole, and its side hole 13 is aligned with the positioning block 9. The first spring 10 pushes the positioning block 9 through the hole 13, and the two ends are respectively plugged into the two sides of the radial hole to form a rigid lock (pull-out force ≥ 20kN) to prevent reverse rotation. The first elastic component is like an automatic "lock buckle". When the telescopic rod 2 is unfolded to the appropriate angle, it quickly takes effect and firmly locks the telescopic rod 2 to ensure that it will not rotate due to external forces during the anchoring process, thereby ensuring the reliability of the anchoring; The second elastic component: The spring groove 34 has a built-in second spring 11 (compression amount 30mm), one end of which is connected to the telescopic rod 2 and the other end is fixed to the groove wall. A thin rope (tensile strength ≥ 50N) passes through the center of the spring, the thin hole 35 and the rope hole of the rod body 1, and is knotted and fixed in the inner hole of the rod body 1 to constrain the telescopic rod 2 in the storage groove 36. After the thin rope is cut, the second spring 11 releases elastic potential energy, driving the telescopic rod 2 to flip outward with the rotating shaft 22 as the fulcrum. The second elastic component is like an "accumulator". Before the anchor rod is lowered, the second spring 11 is compressed and stored with energy through the thin rope. When the telescopic rod 2 needs to be deployed, the thin rope is cut, and the second spring 11 instantly releases energy, pushing the telescopic rod 2 to deploy quickly and forcefully, buying time for the anchoring operation. Specifically, the grouting and sealing structure is as follows: Hollow grouting channel: The inner hole diameter of the rod body 1 is 20-30mm. A hose is connected through the grouting hole on the outer wall. The other end of the hose is connected to the slurry inlet of the telescopic rod 2 through the through hole 32 of the sleeve 3, forming a grouting path that runs through the "rod body-sleeve-telescopic rod". After the telescopic rod 2 is unfolded, the slurry seeps out from the grouting holes 14 and forms a consolidation body with a diameter of 1-1.5m with the rock and soil. The grouting channel is like a complete "slurry conveying chain", starting from the rod body 1, passing through the sleeve 3, and finally conveying the slurry to each grouting hole 14 of the telescopic rod 2, ensuring that the slurry can evenly penetrate the rock and soil, forming a strong consolidation body and enhancing the stability of the rock and soil; Grouting stop structure: The grouting stop plug 7 is made of rubber material and fits tightly to the inner wall of the borehole. The pad 5 presses the grouting stop plug 7 through the second nut 6 to ensure that the grouting pressure is stable at 1.5-2MPa to avoid leakage of slurry. The grouting stop structure is the key line of defense to ensure the grouting effect. The rubber material of the grouting stop plug 7 has good flexibility and sealing properties, and can adapt to the shape of different borehole inner walls. Under the action of the pad 5 and the second nut 6, the borehole is tightly sealed to prevent slurry leakage, ensure the stability of the grouting pressure, and enable the slurry to be fully filled into the gaps in the rock and soil. A construction method of a flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor rod, using the above hollow grouting anchor rod, the specific construction steps are as follows: S1 Anchor bolt assembly stage Sleeve positioning: Sleeve 3 is installed on rod body 1 according to the designed spacing, and the first nuts 4 at both ends are tightened to ensure the coaxiality of sleeve 3 and rod body 1. In this process, the operator needs to use professional measuring tools, such as calipers, dial indicators, etc., to accurately measure the coaxiality of sleeve 3 and rod body 1. By fine-tuning the position of sleeve 3, it is ensured that the coincidence degree of the axis of sleeve 3 and rod body 1 is within the specified range, laying a good foundation for the subsequent installation and deployment of telescopic rod 2. Pre-assembly of telescopic rods: hinge the telescopic rod 2 with the pin hole 33 of the sleeve 3 through the rotating shaft 22, compress the second spring 11 into the spring groove 34, bind one end of the string to the telescopic rod 2, and pass the other end through the thin hole 35 and the string hole of the rod body 1 in sequence, and tie a knot at the end of the rod body 1 to ensure that all telescopic rods 2 are completely stored in the storage groove 36. The pre-assembly process requires the operator to be careful and use special tools such as a small wrench or pliers to ensure that the rotating shaft 22 is firmly installed, the second spring 11 is compressed in place, and the string is tightly bound to avoid loosening or falling off during subsequent construction. Installation of the end assembly: insert the stop plug 7 and the backing plate 5 into the grouting end of the rod body 1 in sequence, and screw in the second nut 6 until it is pre-tightened. During the installation process, pay attention to the installation direction of the stop plug 7 to ensure that its sealing surface is in good contact with the inner wall of the drilled hole. The backing plate 5 should be placed flat, and the pre-tightening force of the second nut 6 should be moderate. It should not be too tight to damage the stop plug 7, nor too loose to affect the sealing effect. S2 drilling and anchor lowering Drilling construction: Use a hydraulic drill to drill a hole with a diameter 20-30mm larger than the anchor diameter. Adjust the water pressure to 10-15MPa at the preset sleeve 3 position to expand the hole. The expanded hole diameter should be ≥ the maximum diameter of the telescopic rod 2 after expansion + 50mm to ensure sufficient expansion space. When drilling, the operator should reasonably adjust the parameters of the hydraulic drill, such as drilling speed and torque, according to the geological conditions to ensure the verticality of the drill hole and the accuracy of the hole diameter. During the expansion process, the water pressure and expansion diameter should be monitored in real time. By adjusting the water pressure, the progress and quality of the expansion can be controlled to create conditions for the smooth lowering of the anchor rod and the expansion of the telescopic rod 2. Lowering the anchor rod: Use a drilling rig to slowly lower the assembled anchor rod into the borehole to avoid collision between the telescopic rod 2 and the hole wall. During the lowering process, keep the rod body 1 in the center. When the slurry stopper 7 reaches the hole mouth, tighten the second nut 6 to make the pad 5 fit the ground at the hole mouth. When lowering the anchor rod, the drilling rig should be operated smoothly and slowly. The operator should always observe the lowering of the anchor rod and ensure that the rod body 1 is always in the center of the borehole by adjusting the position and angle of the drilling rig. When the slurry stopper 7 reaches the hole mouth, use a special wrench to tighten the second nut 6 according to the specified torque to ensure that the pad 5 fits tightly against the ground at the hole mouth to achieve a good sealing effect. S3 telescopic rod unfolding operation Trigger deployment: insert the reamer into the hollow inner hole of the rod body 1 to cut off all the thin ropes (the diameter of the reamer is ≤10mm to avoid damaging the rod body). The second spring 11 is released instantly to drive the telescopic rod 2 to flip outward. The connecting rod 8 slides along the axial hole of the constraint hole 31. After the sleeve hole 13 is aligned with the positioning block 9, the first spring 10 pushes the positioning block 9 to insert into the sleeve hole 13 to complete the angle locking (at this time, the angle between the telescopic rod 2 and the axis of the rod body 1 is 60°). The multi-section telescopic tube naturally extends under the action of gravity, and the limit ring prevents it from slipping. During the trigger deployment process, the operator must select a suitable reamer to ensure that it can smoothly insert into the inner hole of the rod body 1 and accurately cut the thin rope without causing damage to the rod body 1. During the deployment process of the telescopic rod 2, its deployment situation must be closely observed to ensure that the flipping angle of the telescopic rod 2 is accurate, the positioning block 9 is smoothly inserted into the sleeve hole 13, the multi-section telescopic tube extends smoothly, and the limit ring plays an effective anti-slip role. S4 grouting operation Grouting consolidation: Connect the grouting pump to the grouting end of the rod body 1 and inject cement slurry. The slurry enters the telescopic rod 2 through the inner hole of the rod body 1 and the hose, and seeps out from the grouting holes 14 to fill the cracks in the rock and soil. The grouting pressure is maintained at 1.5-2MPa for 30-60 seconds until the slurry overflows from the orifice. After turning off the pump, wait for 24 hours to form a consolidated body. Before grouting, the grouting pump must be debugged to ensure its pressure stability and flow rate is accurate. During the grouting process, the grouting pressure and flow rate must be monitored in real time and adjusted according to actual conditions to ensure that the slurry can fully fill the cracks in the rock and soil. When the slurry overflows from the orifice, it means that the grouting is full. At this time, turn off the pump and wait for the cement slurry to solidify to form a solid consolidated body, thereby enhancing the stability of the rock and soil.

[0024] It should be noted that: 1. A single telescopic rod 2 can reach a length of 1.2m after expansion, and can bear a tensile force of ≥15kN. The multi-section telescopic tube can extend and retract smoothly, and can be repeatedly extended and retracted 50 times without any jamming. In actual engineering verification, multiple telescopic rods 2 were rigorously tested for performance. Specialized tensile testing equipment was used to simulate actual stress conditions, and the tensile force and number of extensions and retractions of the telescopic rods 2 were recorded to ensure that their performance met the design requirements. 2. The first spring 10 is compressed by 5-8mm, the positioning block 9 is inserted into the sleeve hole 13 to a depth of ≥5mm, and the second spring 11 is initially compressed by 30mm. After release, the telescopic rod 2 can be driven to complete the flip within 0.5 seconds. The elastic parameters of the first spring 10 and the second spring 11 are accurately measured using a high-precision spring testing instrument to ensure that they operate within the specified parameter range and that the deployment and locking functions of the telescopic rod 2 are reliable. 3. The slurry diffusion radius is ≥1m, the compressive strength of the consolidated body is ≥10MPa, and the pull-out resistance of a single anchor rod is 60% higher than that of traditional anchor rods. At the construction site, by setting up observation points at different locations and using professional testing equipment such as pressure sensors and coring machines, the slurry diffusion radius, the compressive strength of the consolidated body and the pull-out resistance of the anchor rod are tested and compared with traditional anchor rods to verify the grouting effect and anchoring performance advantages of the anchor rod. In one embodiment, the application of a slope support project showed that when the anchor rod was constructed in a loose sand layer, the drilling collapse rate was reduced from 25% of the traditional process to 5%, the construction time of a single anchor rod was ≤30 minutes, and the comprehensive support cost was reduced by 30%. In this slope support project, the construction process and related data of each anchor rod were recorded in detail. Through comparative analysis, the significant advantages of the rotary telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor rod in improving construction efficiency, reducing costs and enhancing support effects were fully demonstrated. In summary, through the above-mentioned structural design and construction process, the anchor rod realizes the integrated functions of "mechanical deployment-automatic locking-synchronous grouting", significantly improving the anchoring reliability and construction efficiency under complex geological conditions, and providing an efficient solution for geotechnical engineering support.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flip-type telescopic rod hollow grouting anchor, comprising a rod body (1), a plurality of sleeves (3) uniformly distributed along the length direction of the rod body (1), and a plurality of telescopic rods (2) distributed in an annular circumferential direction are hingedly provided on the outer wall of the sleeve (3), and the telescopic rods (2) can be flipped outward, and a receiving groove (36) corresponding to the plurality of telescopic rods (2) is opened on the outer wall of the sleeve (3), the first end of the telescopic rod (2) is hinged to the first end of the receiving groove (36), and the second end of the telescopic rod (2) is received in the second end of the receiving groove (36) after being retracted, characterized in that: A constraint hole (31) is provided in the sleeve (3) and is located on the inner wall of the first end of the receiving groove (36). A first elastic component capable of radial deformation is provided in the constraint hole (31). A connecting rod (8) is hingedly mounted on one side of the first end of the telescopic rod (2), and the free end of the connecting rod (8) is plugged into the constraint hole (31) and abuts against the movable end of the first elastic component. When the second end of the telescopic rod (2) is turned outward, the free end of the connecting rod (8) slides axially and engages with the first elastic component. A spring groove (34) is provided in the sleeve (3) and is located on the side wall of the receiving groove (36). A second elastic component for storing energy is provided in the spring groove (34). The other side of the first end of the telescopic rod (2) is connected to the second elastic component. The second elastic component is driven by an external driving force to release the stored energy, thereby driving the telescopic rod (2) to flip outward.

2. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constraint hole (31) is a cross-shaped hole, the free end of the connecting rod (8) is plugged into the axial hole of the cross-shaped hole and blocks one side opening of the radial hole, the first elastic component is arranged in the radial hole and the movable end abuts against the side of the free end of the connecting rod (8); The free end side of the connecting rod (8) has a sleeve hole (13) adapted to the first elastic component. When the free end of the connecting rod (8) slides along the axial hole, the movable end of the first elastic component is plugged into the sleeve hole (13) to limit the axial displacement of the connecting rod (8).

3. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first elastic component includes a positioning block (9) slidably arranged in the radial hole of the constraint hole (31), one end of the positioning block (9) is fixed to the inner wall of the end of the radial hole through the first spring (10), and the other end of the positioning block (9) faces the opening of the radial hole and abuts against the side of the connecting rod (8); When the free end of the connecting rod (8) slides along the axial hole and the sleeve hole (13) is opposite to the positioning block (9), the positioning block (9) slides radially under the deformation action of the first spring (10) and passes through the sleeve hole (13).

4. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the positioning block (9) is greater than the width of the axial hole of the constraint hole (31). When the first spring (10) is in a maximum deformation state, the free end of the positioning block (9) passes through the sleeve hole (13) and is plugged into and assembled with the open side of the radial hole.

5. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second elastic component includes a second spring (11) and a thin rope, the two ends of the second spring (11) are respectively connected to the other side of the first end of the telescopic rod (2) and the side wall of the storage groove (36), one end of the thin rope is inserted into the second spring (11) and is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod (2), and the other end of the thin rope passes through the inner hole of the sleeve (3) and extends to the inner hole of the rod body (1), and the multiple thin ropes are knotted and fixed in the inner hole of the rod body (1), and the second spring (11) is in a maximum compression state at this time; When the telescopic rod (2) needs to be turned outward, the thin rope is cut by a reamer, and the second spring (11) recovers its deformation to drive the telescopic rod (2) to turn outward.

6. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side wall of the receiving groove (36) is provided with a coaxially aligned spring groove (34) and a thin hole (35), and the spring groove (34) is connected to the rope threading hole on the outer wall of the rod body (1) through the thin hole (35). The second spring (11) in a compressed state is accommodated through the spring groove (34), and the thin rope passes through the thin hole (35) and the rope threading hole and enters the inner hole of the rod body (1) for knotting.

7. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pin holes (33) are provided on two opposite side walls of the receiving groove (36), and the first end of the telescopic rod (2) is rotatably connected to the pin hole (33) via a rotating shaft (22).

8. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole (32) tangential to the side wall of the receiving groove (36) is provided in the first end thereof, and the through hole (32) is connected to the grouting hole on the outer wall of the rod body (1). A grouting hose communicating with the inner hole of the rod body (1) is provided in the grouting hole, and the other end of the grouting hose extends into the through hole (32) and is connected to the grouting inlet of the telescopic rod (2).

9. The flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (2) is a multi-section telescopic tube. A boss (21) is installed on one side of the first end of the telescopic rod (2). One end of the connecting rod (8) is hinged to the boss (21) via a hinge shaft. The outer wall of the telescopic rod (2) is provided with a grouting hole (14) connected to its inner cavity.

10. A construction method for a flip-type telescopic hollow grouting anchor, characterized in that: The specific construction steps are as follows: S1 performs anchor rod assembly, after the sleeve (3) is placed on the designated position of the rod body (1), the sleeve (3) is locked and fixed by first nuts (4) at both ends; S2 fixes one end of the string to the telescopic rod (2), and the other end of the string passes through the second spring (11), the thin hole (35), and the string hole on the outer wall of the rod body (1) in sequence, and extends to the inner hole of the rod body (1), guides multiple strings in the same sleeve (3) to the end of the rod body (1) and tightens them, so that the second spring (11) is compressed and received in the spring groove (34), and finally the multiple strings are tied and fixed; S3 locates the grouting soil and the drilling position on the supporting slope, starts the drilling machine to spray high-pressure water to drill the hole, and adjusts the water pressure to expand the hole at a specific position. The diameter and thickness of the expanded hole are larger than the maximum diameter and thickness of the telescopic rod (2) after it is turned and expanded, so as to ensure that the telescopic joint can be fully extended; After S4 uses a drilling vehicle to install the rod body (1) into the drill hole, the thin wire in the inner hole of the grouting anchor rod is cut by a reamer, and the telescopic rod (2) is turned outward under the elastic force of the second spring (11). The telescopic tubes of the telescopic rod (2) are stretched out in sequence under the action of gravity, and the grouting anchor rod is connected to the grouting pump vehicle, and grouting can be started, and finally a grouting consolidation section is formed.

Images