Tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method crossing existing tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method crossing an existing tunnel, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction and safety monitoring, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting real-time monitoring data, obtaining a design drawing, constructing a three-dimensional space reference model based on the design drawing, mapping the real-time monitoring data to the three-dimensional space reference model, and constructing a three-dimensional space reference model; the method comprises the steps of generating a disturbance field cloud picture, generating a time sequence three-dimensional sub-model according to a construction step sequence, carrying out space time sequence analysis on a three-dimensional space reference model, generating a time sequence space analysis result, and carrying out early warning according to an abnormal result of the time sequence space analysis result. According to the method, coordinate verification and space correlation are carried out to form a reference, monitoring data are mapped to generate a disturbance field cloud picture, a time sequence sub-model is generated according to a construction step sequence, space time sequence analysis and preset threshold automatic early warning are carried out, full-process monitoring, visual analysis and risk management and control are realized, and the construction safety and economical efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction and safety monitoring, and in particular to a method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation that crosses an existing tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing complexity of transportation infrastructure networks, new tunnel projects inevitably face the scenario of crossing over existing operating tunnels. In such projects, the ground disturbance caused by the excavation of new tunnels will be transmitted to the existing tunnel structure through the rock and soil, which may cause structural deformation, stress anomalies, leakage and even cracking in the existing tunnel, seriously threatening the operational safety and service life of the existing tunnel. Therefore, how to efficiently and accurately monitor the disturbance impact of new tunnel excavation on existing tunnels has become a key technical problem in the field of tunnel engineering.

[0003] Traditional tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring relies on single-point sensors and two-dimensional model analysis, which has three major bottlenecks: discrete data makes it difficult to present three-dimensional disturbance patterns and lacks the integration of multi-structure spatial correlations; the construction steps are not modeled in a time-series manner, making it impossible to track the evolution of disturbances and the differences in stage impacts; single-indicator warnings ignore geometric constraints and spatial gradients, making it easy to miss or misjudge. With the development of BIM and three-dimensional modeling technologies, three-dimensional visual monitoring has been applied, but it still has key flaws: the lack of a unified benchmark model for multiple tunnels and strata makes multi-source data mapping and analysis difficult; insufficient modeling of disturbance buffer zones and intersection area attributes limits simulation accuracy; and time-series analysis stops at static comparison, failing to form a dynamic transmission visualization of construction-disturbance-response. Therefore, a method is urgently needed to integrate multi-source data, construct a three-dimensional benchmark model, and implement time-series analysis and graded warning to solve the problems of difficult disturbance quantification and delayed warning in over-tunnel construction and provide support for project safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is that traditional tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring relies on single-point sensors and two-dimensional model analysis, which has three major bottlenecks: discrete data makes it difficult to present three-dimensional disturbance patterns and lacks the integration of multi-structure spatial correlation; the construction steps are not modeled in a time-series manner, making it impossible to track the evolution of disturbances and the differences in stage impacts; single-indicator warnings ignore geometric constraints and spatial gradients, and are prone to omissions and misjudgments. With the development of BIM and three-dimensional modeling technology, although three-dimensional visualization monitoring has been applied, it still has key defects: a unified benchmark model for multiple tunnels and strata has not been established, making multi-source data mapping and analysis difficult; insufficient modeling of disturbance buffer zones and intersection area attributes, limiting simulation accuracy; and time-series analysis stops at static comparison, failing to form a dynamic transmission visualization of construction-disturbance-response. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that integrates multi-source data, constructs a three-dimensional benchmark model, and realizes time-series analysis and graded warning to solve the problems of difficulty in disturbance quantification and delayed warning in over-tunnel construction, and provide support for engineering safety.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel, comprising the following steps: S1, collect real-time monitoring data and obtain design drawings; S2, constructing a three-dimensional space benchmark model based on the design drawings, mapping the real-time monitoring data to the three-dimensional space benchmark model, generating a disturbance field cloud map, and generating a time-series three-dimensional sub-model according to the construction step sequence; S3, performing spatial time series analysis on the three-dimensional space benchmark model to generate a time series spatial analysis result; S4, issuing an early warning based on the abnormal results of the temporal spatial analysis results.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the method for monitoring tunnel excavation disturbance over an existing tunnel according to the present invention, the real-time monitoring data includes existing tunnel structure response data, new tunnel excavation disturbance data, environmental and dynamic disturbance data, and construction process parameters; The existing tunnel structure response data includes displacement data, stress and strain data and structural integrity data; The new tunnel excavation disturbance data includes excavation face and surrounding rock deformation data and surrounding rock and support stress; The environmental and dynamic disturbance data include vibration data and groundwater data; The design drawings include existing tunnel design drawings and new tunnel design drawings.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, the construction of a three-dimensional space reference model based on the design drawing specifically includes: Extracting structural geometric parameters from the existing tunnel design drawings, wherein the structural geometric parameters include cross-section parameters, longitudinal section parameters, and spatial coordinates; Extracting structural and construction parameters from the newly built tunnel design drawings, wherein the structural and construction parameters include excavation profile parameters and construction zone parameters; Based on the structural geometric parameters and construction and construction parameters, a three-dimensional model of the existing tunnel and a three-dimensional model of the new tunnel are created using BIM software; The existing tunnel 3D model is created by creating editable BIM components according to lining segments, and annotated with ring numbers, mileages, and structural material properties; The structural material properties include concrete strength grade and steel reinforcement ratio; The newly constructed three-dimensional tunnel model is constructed by creating an excavation contour model according to the construction method, and marking the tunnel face advancement direction and support structure position; The construction methods include shield method and mining method.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, a three-dimensional stratum model is constructed based on the design drawing, different transparency and colors are set according to the lithology layer, and the groundwater level is marked; The lithologic layers include clay layers, sand layers, and rock layers; Performing spatial alignment through a UTM coordinate system or an engineering independent coordinate system, importing the existing tunnel 3D model and the newly constructed tunnel 3D model into the same space of the stratum 3D model; Performing coordinate verification on key control points of the three-dimensional stratum model to control the error within a preset range; The key control points include the centerline starting point of the existing tunnel 3D model and the initial position of the tunnel face of the new tunnel 3D model; Use Boolean operations to generate a 3D model of the intersection area between the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model, and mark the spatial intersection lines of the spans; Use the spatial interference check function to verify whether there are geometric conflicts between the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model during the design phase, and mark the conflicting areas in the model; The geometric conflict includes whether the theoretical clearance meets the specification requirements.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, the ring number and structural material attributes of the existing tunnel model are spatially associated with the construction partition parameters of the new tunnel model to establish a mapping relationship; Creating a disturbance transfer buffer in the three-dimensional model of the intersection area, wherein the thickness of the disturbance transfer buffer is determined based on geological conditions, and setting regional special properties for the disturbance transfer buffer for subsequent disturbance analysis; The region-specific properties include elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; A three-dimensional spatial benchmark model is constructed by integrating the existing tunnel three-dimensional model based on the design drawings, the new tunnel three-dimensional model, the stratum three-dimensional model, the intersection area three-dimensional model and the disturbance transfer buffer zone.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, the real-time monitoring data is mapped to the three-dimensional space reference model to generate a disturbance field cloud map, which specifically includes: The collected real-time monitoring data is uniformly converted into a UTM coordinate system that is consistent with the three-dimensional space benchmark model; Mapping the real-time monitoring data after the coordinate system is unified to the corresponding BIM component of the three-dimensional space reference model according to the physical location corresponding to the real-time monitoring data; The physical location includes the ring number and mileage of the existing tunnel 3D model and the construction zone of the new tunnel 3D model; The real-time monitoring data is collected based on monitoring points distributed in existing tunnels, newly built tunnel structures and surrounding strata to form discrete monitoring point data.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, a spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate continuous disturbance field distribution data based on the mapped discrete monitoring point data, covering the existing tunnel, the new tunnel, and the stratigraphic areas outside the structures of the existing tunnel and the new tunnel; Based on the continuous disturbance field distribution data, a disturbance field cloud image is generated in a three-dimensional space benchmark model by using color gradient or transparency change rendering; The color gradient is graded according to the intensity of the disturbance; The disturbance field cloud map is associated with the key area in the three-dimensional space reference model to display the disturbance intensity distribution of the key area; The key areas include a disturbance transfer buffer zone and a three-dimensional model of an intersection area.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, the generating of a time-series three-dimensional sub-model according to the construction step sequence specifically includes: Copy the 3D space benchmark model according to the construction sequence to form an initial sub-model; The construction sequence includes excavation cycle and support operations; The disturbance field cloud map and real-time construction parameters of the construction steps corresponding to each construction step of the new tunnel are integrated into the initial sub-model generated by replicating the construction steps through data association or visualization layer overlay, forming a time-series three-dimensional sub-model reflecting the disturbance state of the construction stage; The real-time construction parameters include excavation footage and support status; Marking a timestamp for each of the time-series three-dimensional sub-models and associating it with a corresponding construction time node; Adopting the incremental storage method, only the difference data with the previous sub-model is recorded, thus compressing the model file size.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for overpassing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, performing spatial time series analysis on the three-dimensional spatial reference model to generate time series spatial analysis results specifically includes: On a preset monitoring section of the three-dimensional space reference model, the disturbance data corresponding to the construction step is extracted through an interactive sectioning function, a time series variation curve of the disturbance data within the section is generated, curve features are extracted based on the time series variation curve, and the curve features are bound to the three-dimensional structure of the section; Load each sequential 3D sub-model based on the timeline control, compare the sequential 3D sub-models at different construction stages, and use a semi-transparent effect to identify the disturbance difference areas at different construction stages; The excavation disturbance transmission path is dynamically marked in the three-dimensional spatial benchmark model, and the arrow parameters are associated with the time-series change rate of the monitoring data to form a visualization result of the spatial transmission relationship of "new tunnel excavation-stratum response-existing tunnel stress".

[0014] As a preferred solution of the tunnel excavation disturbance monitoring method for crossing an existing tunnel according to the present invention, an early warning is issued based on the abnormal results of the temporal spatial analysis results, specifically including: Preset geometric constraint threshold and disturbance intensity threshold; The geometric constraint threshold includes a threshold value for the distance between the monitoring point and the physical structure; The disturbance intensity threshold is divided into a yellow warning threshold and a red warning threshold according to preset thresholds; When the real-time monitoring data exceeds the geometric constraint threshold or the disturbance intensity reaches the yellow or red warning threshold, an alert is automatically marked.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by collecting real-time monitoring data and design drawings, a three-dimensional model of an existing tunnel, a three-dimensional model of a new tunnel, a three-dimensional model of a stratum, and a three-dimensional model of an intersection area are constructed based on BIM technology, and a precise benchmark is formed through coordinate verification and spatial correlation; the monitoring data is mapped to the model to generate a disturbance field cloud map, and a time-series three-dimensional sub-model is generated according to the construction step sequence. Spatial time-series analysis is performed in combination with interactive sectioning and time axis comparison to intuitively present the temporal and spatial evolution of the disturbance; geometric constraints and disturbance intensity thresholds are preset, and automatic warnings are issued when exceeding the limit, thereby realizing full-process precise monitoring of excavation disturbances, dynamic visualization analysis, and intelligent risk management, improving construction safety and economy, and ensuring that the project meets industry standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of the steps of a method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel is provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.

[0018] Example 1, reference Figure 1 , as one embodiment of the present invention, provides a method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel, comprising the following steps: S1, collect real-time monitoring data and obtain design drawings; S2, based on the design drawings, builds a 3D spatial benchmark model, maps the real-time monitoring data to the 3D spatial benchmark model, generates a disturbance field cloud map, and generates a time-series 3D sub-model according to the construction sequence; S3, performing spatial time series analysis on the three-dimensional space benchmark model to generate time series space analysis results; S4, issue early warning based on abnormal results of temporal and spatial analysis.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, first, real-time monitoring data of displacement, stress and strain, vibration and groundwater data are collected through monitoring points distributed in existing tunnels, new tunnel structures and surrounding strata, and design drawings of existing tunnels and new tunnels are obtained at the same time. Then, structural geometric parameters and construction and construction parameters are extracted based on the design drawings. BIM software is used to construct a three-dimensional spatial reference model including the existing tunnel 3D model, the new tunnel 3D model, the stratum 3D model, the intersection area 3D model and the disturbance transfer buffer zone. The three-dimensional model is uniformly converted into the UTM coordinate system or the engineering independent coordinate system for spatial alignment. The real-time monitoring data is mapped to the corresponding model components according to the ring number, mileage and physical location of the construction zone, and a continuous disturbance is generated through the spatial interpolation algorithm. The dynamic field distribution data is rendered as a color gradient disturbance field cloud map. The baseline model is replicated according to the construction steps of the excavation cycle and support operations. The corresponding disturbance field cloud map is superimposed with the construction parameters of the excavation progress and support status. Timestamps are added to form a time-series 3D sub-model and incremental storage is adopted. Then, on the preset monitoring section, the disturbance data is extracted through interactive cutting to generate a time-series change curve. The time-series sub-model is loaded based on the time axis for semi-transparent comparison, and the disturbance transmission path of "new tunnel excavation-stratum response-existing tunnel stress" is dynamically annotated. Finally, geometric constraint thresholds (such as the distance threshold between the monitoring point and the physical structure) and graded disturbance intensity thresholds (yellow warning threshold and red warning threshold) are preset. When the real-time data exceeds the geometric constraints or the disturbance intensity reaches the warning threshold, an alert is automatically triggered.

[0020] Real-time monitoring data includes existing tunnel structural response data, new tunnel excavation disturbance data, environmental and dynamic disturbance data, and construction process parameters; The existing tunnel structure response data includes displacement data, stress and strain data, and structural integrity data; The disturbance data of new tunnel excavation includes deformation data of excavation face and surrounding rock, and stress of surrounding rock and support; Environmental and dynamic disturbance data include vibration data and groundwater data; The design drawings include existing tunnel design drawings and new tunnel design drawings.

[0021] In one embodiment, displacement data, stress and strain data, and structural integrity data are obtained by sensors arranged in the existing tunnel structure to reflect the response of the existing tunnel structure; excavation face deformation data, surrounding rock deformation data, surrounding rock and support stresses are collected in the excavation face and surrounding rock area of ​​the new tunnel to record the excavation disturbance; environmental and dynamic disturbance data are monitored simultaneously, including vibration data (such as blasting vibration) and groundwater data (such as water level and water pressure); and construction process parameters (such as excavation footage and support operation time) are collected at the same time. Data collection needs to match the design drawing information, and the existing tunnel design drawings (including structural geometric parameters and material properties) and the new tunnel design drawings (including excavation outline, construction zone structure and construction parameters) are obtained simultaneously to provide a benchmark for subsequent three-dimensional modeling and data mapping.

[0022] Based on the design drawings, a 3D spatial benchmark model is constructed, including: Extracting structural geometric parameters from existing tunnel design drawings, including cross-section parameters, longitudinal section parameters and spatial coordinates; Extracting structural and construction parameters from the new tunnel design drawings, including excavation profile parameters and construction zone parameters; Based on the structural geometry parameters and construction and construction parameters, BIM software was used to create 3D models of the existing tunnel and the new tunnel respectively. For existing tunnel 3D models, create editable BIM components by lining segment, and annotate the ring number, mileage, and structural material properties; Structural material properties include concrete strength grade and steel reinforcement ratio; Create a new 3D tunnel model, create an excavation contour model according to the construction method, and mark the tunnel face advancement direction and support structure location; Construction methods include shield method and mining method.

[0023] In one of the embodiments, when constructing a three-dimensional spatial reference model based on the design drawings, first, the cross-sectional parameters, longitudinal section parameters, and structural geometric parameters of the spatial coordinates are extracted from the existing tunnel design drawings, and the structural and construction parameters of the excavation profile parameters and the construction partition parameters are extracted from the new tunnel design drawings; BIM software is used to create a three-dimensional model of the existing tunnel and a three-dimensional model of the new tunnel based on the above parameters, wherein the three-dimensional model of the existing tunnel is created into editable BIM components according to the lining segments, and the structural material properties such as the ring number, mileage, concrete strength grade, and steel reinforcement ratio are marked; the three-dimensional model of the new tunnel is created into an excavation profile model according to the shield method and mining method construction method, and the heading direction and support structure position are marked, laying a benchmark for subsequent data mapping and time sequence analysis.

[0024] Build a 3D stratum model based on the design drawings, set different transparency and colors according to the lithology, and mark the groundwater level; Lithologic stratification includes clay, sand, and rock layers; Use the UTM coordinate system or the project-independent coordinate system to perform spatial alignment, importing the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model into the same space of the stratum 3D model; Coordinate verification of key control points of the 3D formation model is performed to ensure that the error is within the preset range; Key control points include the centerline starting point of the existing tunnel 3D model and the initial position of the tunnel face in the new tunnel 3D model; Use Boolean operations to generate a 3D model of the intersection area between the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model, and mark the spatial intersection lines of the spans; Use the spatial interference check function to verify whether there are geometric conflicts between the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model during the design phase, and mark the conflicting areas in the model; Geometric conflicts include whether the theoretical clearance meets the specification requirements.

[0025] In one embodiment, when constructing a 3D stratum model based on design drawings, lithologic strata are first stratified into clay, sand, and rock layers, with different transparency and color settings for differentiation, and groundwater levels are marked. Spatial alignment is performed using the UTM coordinate system or an independent engineering coordinate system, and the 3D model of the existing tunnel and the 3D model of the new tunnel are imported into the same space of the 3D stratum model. Coordinate verification is performed on key control points at the starting point of the centerline of the existing tunnel and the initial position of the tunnel face of the new tunnel to ensure that the error is within a preset range (the plane coordinate error is less than or equal to ±10 mm, and the elevation error is less than or equal to ±15 mm, in accordance with the precision engineering measurement accuracy requirements and the 3D model spatial integration accuracy requirements in the "Engineering Surveying Code" GB50026). A 3D model of the intersection area of ​​the two is generated using Boolean operations, and the spatial intersection lines of the spans are marked. Geometric conflicts from the design phase are verified using the spatial interference check function (for example, whether the theoretical clearance meets the specification requirements (the railway tunnel specification requires a clearance greater than or equal to 2 times the tunnel diameter, and the highway tunnel specification requires a clearance greater than or equal to 1.5 times the tunnel diameter). The conflicting areas are marked in the 3D model of the intersection area, completing the integration and verification of the stratum and tunnel models.

[0026] Spatially associate the ring number and structural material attributes of the existing tunnel model with the construction zone parameters of the new tunnel model to establish a mapping relationship; Create a disturbance transfer buffer in the 3D model of the intersection area. The thickness of the disturbance transfer buffer is determined based on geological conditions. Set regional special properties for the disturbance transfer buffer for subsequent disturbance analysis. Region-specific properties include elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; A three-dimensional spatial benchmark model is constructed by integrating the existing tunnel three-dimensional model based on the design drawings, the new tunnel three-dimensional model, the stratum three-dimensional model, the intersection area three-dimensional model and the disturbance transfer buffer zone.

[0027] In one embodiment, after the three-dimensional models of the existing tunnel, the new tunnel, and the stratum are constructed, the structural material properties of the ring number, concrete strength grade, and steel reinforcement ratio of the existing tunnel model are first mapped to the construction zone parameters (such as excavation zone and support section) of the new tunnel model through the spatial coordinate correspondence of ring number-mileage-construction zone, thereby realizing the spatial association of the two types of models. Subsequently, within the three-dimensional model of the intersection area, based on the soil layer distribution (such as clay layer thickness and rock layer burial depth) determined in the geological survey report, a disturbance transfer buffer zone of appropriate thickness is created (the thickness range is 5-10m, specifically determined based on the soil layer stiffness and groundwater influencing parameters in the geological conditions), and regional special properties such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio are set for the buffer zone for subsequent disturbance conduction analysis. Finally, the three-dimensional model of the existing tunnel, the three-dimensional model of the new tunnel, the three-dimensional stratum model, the three-dimensional model of the intersection area, and the disturbance transfer buffer zone are spatially integrated to form a unified three-dimensional spatial benchmark model that includes structural properties, construction parameters, and geological characteristics, providing a benchmark framework for monitoring data mapping and time series analysis.

[0028] Mapping real-time monitoring data to a three-dimensional spatial benchmark model to generate a disturbance field cloud map, specifically including: The collected real-time monitoring data is uniformly converted into a UTM coordinate system that is consistent with the three-dimensional space benchmark model; The real-time monitoring data after the unified coordinate system is mapped to the corresponding BIM components of the three-dimensional space benchmark model according to the physical location corresponding to the real-time monitoring data; The physical location includes the ring number and mileage of the existing tunnel 3D model and the construction zone of the new tunnel 3D model; Real-time monitoring data is collected from monitoring points distributed in existing tunnels, new tunnel structures and surrounding strata to form discrete monitoring point data.

[0029] Based on the mapped discrete monitoring point data, a spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate continuous disturbance field distribution data, covering the existing tunnel, the new tunnel, and the stratigraphic areas outside the structures of the existing and new tunnels. Based on the continuous disturbance field distribution data, a disturbance field cloud map is generated by rendering with color gradient or transparency changes in a three-dimensional space benchmark model. The color gradient is graded by the intensity of the disturbance; The disturbance field cloud map is associated with the key areas in the three-dimensional space benchmark model to show the disturbance intensity distribution in the key areas; Key areas include disturbance transfer buffers and three-dimensional models of intersection areas.

[0030] In one embodiment, when performing real-time monitoring data mapping and generating a disturbance field cloud map, the real-time monitoring data of the collected displacement data, stress and strain data, and vibration data are first uniformly converted into a UTM coordinate system consistent with the three-dimensional space benchmark model; then, according to the physical location corresponding to the data (existing tunnel ring number / mileage, new tunnel construction zone), the discrete monitoring point data is mapped to the corresponding BIM component of the three-dimensional space benchmark model; based on the mapped discrete data, a spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate continuous disturbance field distribution data covering existing tunnels, new tunnels and surrounding strata; finally, according to the disturbance intensity classification, a disturbance field cloud map is rendered in the three-dimensional model through color gradient or transparency change, and is associated with the disturbance transfer buffer zone and the key areas of the three-dimensional model of the intersection area to intuitively display the disturbance intensity distribution.

[0031] Generate a time-series 3D sub-model based on the construction sequence, including: Copy the 3D space benchmark model according to the construction sequence to form an initial sub-model; The construction sequence includes excavation cycle and support operations; The disturbance field cloud map and real-time construction parameters corresponding to each construction step of the new tunnel are integrated into the initial sub-model generated by replicating the construction steps through data association or visualization layer overlay, forming a time-series 3D sub-model that reflects the disturbance state during the construction stage. Real-time construction parameters include excavation progress and support status; Mark each time-series 3D sub-model with a timestamp and associate it with the corresponding construction time node; Adopting the incremental storage method, only the difference data with the previous sub-model is recorded, thus compressing the model file size.

[0032] In one embodiment, when generating a sequential three-dimensional sub-model according to the construction sequence, the three-dimensional space benchmark model is first copied according to the construction sequence of the excavation cycle and the support operation to form an initial sub-model; then, the disturbance field cloud map corresponding to the construction sequence of the excavation cycle and the support operation and the real-time construction parameters of the excavation progress and the support status are integrated into the initial sub-model through data association or visualization layer overlay to form a sequential three-dimensional sub-model reflecting the disturbance status of the construction stage; a timestamp is marked for each sub-model and associated with the corresponding construction time node; an incremental storage method is used to record only the difference data with the previous sub-model, compress the model file size, and realize the sequential three-dimensional dynamic expression of the construction process.

[0033] Perform spatial time series analysis on the 3D spatial benchmark model and generate time series spatial analysis results, including: On the preset monitoring section of the 3D space benchmark model, the interactive sectioning function is used to extract the disturbance data corresponding to the construction step, generate a time series variation curve of the disturbance data within the section, extract the curve features based on the time series variation curve, and bind the curve features to the 3D structure of the section; Load each sequential 3D sub-model based on the timeline control, compare the sequential 3D sub-models at different construction stages, and use a semi-transparent effect to identify the disturbance difference areas at different construction stages; The excavation disturbance transmission path is dynamically marked in the three-dimensional spatial benchmark model, and the arrow parameters are associated with the time-series change rate of the monitoring data to form a visualization result of the spatial transmission relationship of "new tunnel excavation-stratum response-existing tunnel stress".

[0034] In one embodiment, when performing spatial time series analysis on a three-dimensional spatial benchmark model, the disturbance data of each construction step is extracted through interactive cutting on a preset monitoring section, and a time series change curve of the disturbance data in the section is generated to extract the curve characteristics and bind it to the three-dimensional structure of the section; each time series three-dimensional sub-model is loaded based on the timeline control, and the sub-models of different construction stages are compared, and a semi-transparent effect is used to identify the disturbance difference areas; the excavation disturbance transmission path is dynamically marked in the model, and the time series change rate of the monitoring data is associated with the arrow parameter to form a visualization result of the spatial conduction relationship of "new tunnel excavation-stratum response-existing tunnel stress".

[0035] Issue early warnings based on abnormal results of temporal and spatial analysis, including: Preset geometric constraint threshold and disturbance intensity threshold; The geometric constraint threshold includes the distance threshold between the monitoring point and the physical structure; The disturbance intensity threshold is divided into yellow warning threshold and red warning threshold according to the preset threshold; When the real-time monitoring data exceeds the geometric constraint threshold or the disturbance intensity reaches the yellow or red warning threshold, an alert is automatically marked.

[0036] In one embodiment, two types of thresholds need to be preset for early warning implementation: the geometric constraint threshold is set to be greater than or equal to 0.5m for the distance between the monitoring point and the physical structure (according to the requirements for the layout of precise monitoring points in the "Engineering Surveying Code" GB50026, to avoid direct interference of the monitoring point by structural deformation); the disturbance intensity threshold is set according to the classification standard, referring to the "Technical Code for Monitoring of Urban Rail Transit Engineering" GB50911. Taking the existing tunnel structure with a maximum allowable displacement of 10mm as an example, the yellow warning threshold is set to 7mm (70% of the allowable value) and the red warning threshold is set to 9mm (90% of the allowable value). When the real-time monitoring data shows that the distance between the monitoring point and the physical structure is less than 0.5m, or the disturbance intensity reaches 7mm or above, the system automatically marks the corresponding area and triggers an alarm.

[0037] The present invention collects real-time monitoring data and design drawings, and constructs three-dimensional models of existing tunnels, new tunnels, strata and intersection areas based on BIM technology, forming a precise benchmark through coordinate verification and spatial correlation. The monitoring data is mapped to the model to generate a disturbance field cloud map, and a time-series three-dimensional sub-model is generated according to the construction step sequence. Spatial time-series analysis is performed in combination with interactive sectioning and time axis comparison to intuitively present the temporal and spatial evolution of the disturbance. Geometric constraints and disturbance intensity thresholds are preset, and automatic warnings are issued when exceeding the limit. This realizes precise monitoring of the entire excavation disturbance process, dynamic visualization analysis and intelligent risk management, thereby improving construction safety and economy, and ensuring that the project meets industry standards.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media containing computer-usable program code. The storage medium may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device, or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0039] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, collect real-time monitoring data and obtain design drawings; S2, constructing a three-dimensional space benchmark model based on the design drawings, mapping the real-time monitoring data to the three-dimensional space benchmark model, generating a disturbance field cloud map, and generating a time-series three-dimensional sub-model according to the construction step sequence; S3, performing spatial time series analysis on the three-dimensional space benchmark model to generate a time series spatial analysis result; S4, issuing an early warning based on the abnormal results of the temporal spatial analysis results.

2. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: The real-time monitoring data includes existing tunnel structure response data, new tunnel excavation disturbance data, environmental and dynamic disturbance data and construction process parameters; The existing tunnel structure response data includes displacement data, stress and strain data and structural integrity data; The new tunnel excavation disturbance data includes excavation face and surrounding rock deformation data and surrounding rock and support stress; The environmental and dynamic disturbance data include vibration data and groundwater data; The design drawings include existing tunnel design drawings and new tunnel design drawings.

3. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The constructing of a three-dimensional space reference model based on the design drawing specifically includes: Extracting structural geometric parameters from the existing tunnel design drawings, wherein the structural geometric parameters include cross-section parameters, longitudinal section parameters, and spatial coordinates; Extracting structural and construction parameters from the newly built tunnel design drawings, wherein the structural and construction parameters include excavation profile parameters and construction zone parameters; Based on the structural geometric parameters and construction and construction parameters, a three-dimensional model of the existing tunnel and a three-dimensional model of the new tunnel are created using BIM software; The existing tunnel 3D model is created by creating editable BIM components according to lining segments, and annotated with ring numbers, mileages, and structural material properties; The structural material properties include concrete strength grade and steel reinforcement ratio; The newly constructed three-dimensional tunnel model is constructed by creating an excavation contour model according to the construction method, and marking the tunnel face advancement direction and support structure position; The construction methods include shield method and mining method.

4. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel as claimed in claim 3, wherein: Constructing a three-dimensional stratum model based on the design drawings, setting different transparency and colors according to lithology, and marking the groundwater level; The lithologic layers include clay layers, sand layers, and rock layers; Performing spatial alignment through a UTM coordinate system or an engineering independent coordinate system, importing the existing tunnel 3D model and the newly constructed tunnel 3D model into the same space of the stratum 3D model; Performing coordinate verification on key control points of the three-dimensional stratum model to control the error within a preset range; The key control points include the centerline starting point of the existing tunnel 3D model and the initial position of the tunnel face of the new tunnel 3D model; Use Boolean operations to generate a 3D model of the intersection area between the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model, and mark the spatial intersection lines of the spans; Use the spatial interference check function to verify whether there are geometric conflicts between the existing tunnel 3D model and the new tunnel 3D model during the design phase, and mark the conflicting areas in the model; The geometric conflict includes whether the theoretical clearance meets the specification requirements.

5. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel as claimed in claim 4, wherein: Spatially associating the ring number and structural material attributes of the existing tunnel model with the construction partition parameters of the new tunnel model to establish a mapping relationship; Creating a disturbance transfer buffer in the three-dimensional model of the intersection area, wherein the thickness of the disturbance transfer buffer is determined based on geological conditions, and setting regional special properties for the disturbance transfer buffer for subsequent disturbance analysis; The region-specific properties include elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; A three-dimensional spatial benchmark model is constructed by integrating the existing tunnel three-dimensional model based on the design drawings, the new tunnel three-dimensional model, the stratum three-dimensional model, the intersection area three-dimensional model and the disturbance transfer buffer zone.

6. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel according to claim 5, wherein: Mapping the real-time monitoring data to the three-dimensional space reference model to generate a disturbance field cloud map specifically includes: The collected real-time monitoring data is uniformly converted into a UTM coordinate system that is consistent with the three-dimensional space benchmark model; Mapping the real-time monitoring data after the coordinate system is unified to the corresponding BIM component of the three-dimensional space reference model according to the physical location corresponding to the real-time monitoring data; The physical location includes the ring number and mileage of the existing tunnel 3D model and the construction zone of the new tunnel 3D model; The real-time monitoring data is collected based on monitoring points distributed in existing tunnels, newly built tunnel structures and surrounding strata to form discrete monitoring point data.

7. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel according to claim 6, wherein: Based on the mapped discrete monitoring point data, a spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate continuous disturbance field distribution data, covering the existing tunnel, the new tunnel, and the stratigraphic areas outside the structures of the existing tunnel and the new tunnel; Based on the continuous disturbance field distribution data, a disturbance field cloud image is generated in a three-dimensional space benchmark model by using color gradient or transparency change rendering; The color gradient is graded according to the intensity of the disturbance; The disturbance field cloud map is associated with the key area in the three-dimensional space reference model to display the disturbance intensity distribution of the key area; The key areas include a disturbance transfer buffer zone and a three-dimensional model of an intersection area.

8. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel according to claim 7, wherein: Generating a time-series 3D sub-model according to the construction sequence specifically includes: Copy the 3D space benchmark model according to the construction sequence to form an initial sub-model; The construction sequence includes excavation cycle and support operations; The disturbance field cloud map and real-time construction parameters of the construction steps corresponding to each construction step of the new tunnel are integrated into the initial sub-model generated by replicating the construction steps through data association or visualization layer overlay, forming a time-series three-dimensional sub-model reflecting the disturbance state of the construction stage; The real-time construction parameters include excavation footage and support status; Marking a timestamp for each of the time-series three-dimensional sub-models and associating it with a corresponding construction time node; Adopting the incremental storage method, only the difference data with the previous sub-model is recorded, thus compressing the model file size.

9. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel according to claim 8, wherein: Performing spatial temporal analysis on the three-dimensional spatial benchmark model to generate temporal spatial analysis results specifically includes: On a preset monitoring section of the three-dimensional space reference model, the disturbance data corresponding to the construction step is extracted through an interactive sectioning function, a time series variation curve of the disturbance data within the section is generated, curve features are extracted based on the time series variation curve, and the curve features are bound to the three-dimensional structure of the section; Load each sequential 3D sub-model based on the timeline control, compare the sequential 3D sub-models at different construction stages, and use a semi-transparent effect to identify the disturbance difference areas at different construction stages; The excavation disturbance transmission path is dynamically annotated in the three-dimensional spatial benchmark model. By correlating arrow parameters with the time-series change rate of monitoring data, a visualization of the spatial transmission relationship between "new tunnel excavation-stratum response-existing tunnel stress" is generated.

10. The method for monitoring disturbance caused by tunnel excavation over an existing tunnel according to claim 9, wherein: Producing an early warning based on abnormal results of the temporal spatial analysis results, specifically including: Preset geometric constraint threshold and disturbance intensity threshold; The geometric constraint threshold includes a threshold value for the distance between the monitoring point and the physical structure; The disturbance intensity threshold is divided into a yellow warning threshold and a red warning threshold according to preset thresholds; When the real-time monitoring data exceeds the geometric constraint threshold or the disturbance intensity reaches the yellow or red warning threshold, an alert is automatically marked.

Images