Low-carbon ferromanganese product environmental impact evaluation method based on life cycle theory

Abstract

The invention discloses a life cycle theory-based low-carbon ferromanganese product environmental impact evaluation method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining an evaluation object, a function unit and a system boundary based on a life cycle evaluation method system; dividing the life cycle of the evaluation object into a plurality of unit processes according to a system boundary, and establishing an input and output data list of each unit process; a corresponding characterization model is selected, a list analysis result is analyzed according to characterization factors of the model, and an evaluation result of the life cycle environmental influence of the low-carbon ferromanganese is obtained and is represented by environmental influence potential values of different environmental influence types; and finally, the environmental influence result of the evaluation object is explained, and suggestions are provided according to the contribution degree of each element. The method has the advantages that the environmental influence of the low-carbon ferromanganese product is comprehensively and objectively evaluated, theoretical support is provided for optimization of the production process and carbon reduction and emission reduction of the whole process, and assistance is provided for green marketing of the product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of low-carbon ferromanganese production and the technical field of environmental impact assessment methods, and in particular relates to an environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the effectiveness of industrial enterprises in reducing waste gas emissions is primarily measured by waste gas treatment rates or emission reduction percentages. While simple and easy to calculate, these metrics fail to reflect the environmental impact of changes before and after emissions reductions, or changes in the amount of emissions reduction. Life cycle analysis is a key tool for environmental impact assessment, often used to evaluate the environmental impact of product production, use, and end-of-life recycling. However, existing technologies lack a full life cycle assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese, making it impossible to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the environmental impact of steel companies' waste gas emission reduction efforts. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of insufficient environmental impact assessment methods of existing low-carbon ferromanganese products, and to provide an environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory, to realize a full life cycle assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese, to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the environmental impact of low-carbon ferromanganese products, to provide theoretical support for the optimization of production processes and carbon reduction and emission reduction throughout the entire process, and to provide support for the green marketing of products.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for environmental impact assessment of low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory includes determining the assessment object, functional unit, and system boundary, aggregating and quantifying the environmental impact values ​​of low-carbon ferromanganese products through the process LCA method, selecting the corresponding assessment model, and quantitatively describing the results of various environmental impacts such as global warming, land acidification, eutrophication, water resource consumption, ecotoxicity, and particulate matter effects. The specific process is as follows: (1) Determination of objectives and evaluation scope: determine the evaluation subject, define the functional unit of the evaluation object, and define the boundary scope of the low-carbon ferromanganese product system; (2) Life cycle inventory analysis: The life cycle of low-carbon ferromanganese products is divided into several unit processes with clear boundaries according to the production process. Then, the input and output activity data involved in the divided unit processes are collected and traced back to inventory data containing only basic flows by linking the background database. Then, the inventory data of all unit processes are summarized to obtain the product life cycle inventory; (3) Impact assessment: Based on the life cycle assessment method system, the environmental impact assessment of low-carbon ferromanganese products is carried out. The input and output lists of each unit process are established and compiled according to the actual production activity data. Then, the impact degree of different environmental loads is quantitatively analyzed through the corresponding characterization model. The environmental impact results are normalized and weighted calculation is performed on the normalized results to obtain the total environmental impact potential value of low-carbon ferromanganese products; (4) Interpretation of results: Explain the results of the environmental impact assessment and make recommendations based on the contribution of each factor.

[0005] Furthermore, in step (1), the evaluation object is to collect all relevant inputs and outputs of resources, energy, and pollutant emissions at each stage of the life cycle of low-carbon ferromanganese products produced based on the shaking furnace-electric furnace method, and to quantitatively evaluate the potential environmental impacts thereof.

[0006] Furthermore, in step (1), the functional unit is: 1 ton of low-carbon ferromanganese product produced based on the shaking furnace-electric furnace method.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (1), the boundary range is: "from cradle to gate", including the raw material and energy production stage, the raw material transportation stage, and the product production stage.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (2), the activity data includes raw material and auxiliary material consumption, energy consumption, product / by-product output, and pollutant emissions.

[0009] Furthermore, in step (2), the life cycle inventory is the accumulation of basic flows in the defined life cycle process. Basic flows are substances or energy in nature that have not been transformed by humans and are the most basic environmental loads in LCA. The accumulation of basic flows g in the life cycle inventory is calculated according to the following formula: b T, F, g =b F, g + S a T, i b i, g ; Among them, b T, F, g is the cumulative amount of basic flow g based on the functional unit F; b F, g It is the direct flow of basic flow g in the product production process based on functional unit F; T, i It is the direct consumption of raw materials, auxiliary materials, energy, etc. per functional unit in the unit process i of the product system; S a T, i b i, g It is the cumulative amount of the basic flow g based on the functional unit in the upstream and downstream processes.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps of step (3) are: S31: Select an appropriate environmental impact assessment model and classify the product life cycle inventory data obtained in step (2) according to the characteristics of different environmental impact assessment indicators; S32: Based on the classification of inventory data, analyze the degree of damage of different basic flows to various environmental impact types. Based on this, use the corresponding characterization model to convert the basic flows in the product life cycle inventory into numerical values ​​with unified dimensions for quantification. The environmental impact characterization results of low-carbon ferromanganese products are summarized and calculated; S33: normalize the characterization results, select representative weight factors for the normalized results, perform weighted calculations on them, and obtain the total environmental impact potential of the low-carbon ferromanganese products.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step (S32), the classification of inventory data is to aggregate basic flows belonging to the same environmental impact type. However, different basic flows of the same quality have different degrees of impact on the corresponding environmental impact type. The conversion into a unified indicator requires the help of a characterization model. The characterization structure of the environmental impact results is calculated according to the following formula: C j =SQ ji *m i ; Among them, C j is the calculation result of impact type j; m i is the list result of elementary stream i; Q ji is the characterization factor of basic flow i on environmental impact type j.

[0012] Furthermore, in the step (S33), normalization is performed to eliminate the dimensional differences among different environmental impact indicators so as to compare the relative sizes of the indicators and identify the main environmental impact types. The normalized result of the environmental impact is calculated according to the following formula: N j =C j / S j ; Among them, N j is the normalized result of environmental impact type j; C j is the characterization result of environmental impact type j; S j is the normalization coefficient.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (4), ISO14040 and ISO14044 have made corresponding provisions and requirements for life cycle interpretation. Life cycle interpretation mainly involves identifying and analyzing the information displayed by the inventory analysis and environmental impact assessment results, interpreting the evaluation results according to the purpose of the evaluation, and providing theoretical support for the clean production process design of low-carbon manganese iron products, thereby facilitating green marketing of the products.

[0014] In the technical solution of the present invention, by taking ISO 14040 life cycle assessment principles and ISO 14044 life cycle assessment requirements and guidelines as the standard framework, the accounting scope, functional units and allocation principles are determined according to the characteristics of the production process of low-carbon manganese iron products. Combined with the internal connection of the intermediate product flow of each unit process in the product system and the topological relationship analysis of the material-energy flow, the environmental load of the life cycle of low-carbon manganese iron is collected and quantified, and a life cycle inventory data set is established. The basic flows are classified according to the environmental impact type, and the mapping transformation from environmental load to environmental impact type is realized based on the characterization factor matrix, thereby evaluating the life cycle environmental performance of low-carbon manganese iron products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a system boundary diagram of the low-carbon ferromanganese product life cycle in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon footprint calculation process of the low-carbon ferromanganese product of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a summary life cycle inventory form table of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic table of environmental impact types and the environmental loads involved in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an example table of classification of environmental impact assessment inventory data in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example

[0016] To make the present invention more clear, the following further illustrates a method for environmental impact assessment of low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0017] In this embodiment, the production of low carbon ferromanganese (Mn 80 C 0.7) is taken as an example for detailed description. The specific steps are as follows: The life cycle of low carbon ferromanganese is divided into several unit processes with clear boundaries in order to conduct life cycle inventory analysis. Inventory analysis is the basis of impact assessment and its purpose is to quantify and compile the basic flow data involved in the product life cycle process. Figure 1 The "cradle-to-gate" system boundary shown includes the raw material and energy production stage, the raw material transportation stage, and the product production stage.

[0018] According to the divided unit processes, the energy, resources, products / by-products, pollution emissions and other data involved in the life cycle of low carbon ferromanganese are collected and calculated, and the inventory data of all unit processes are summarized according to the intermediate product flow of each unit process inventory. The specific inventory format is shown in Figure 3 The table shown.

[0019] The life cycle inventory collects the input and output activity data involved in each unit process of the product life cycle and traces it back to the inventory data containing only basic flows through the background database. Basic flows are substances or energy that have not undergone human transformation and are the most basic environmental loads in LCA. The accumulation of basic flows g in the life cycle inventory is calculated according to the following formula: b T, F, g =b F, g + S a T, i b i, g ; Among them, b T, F, g is the cumulative amount of basic flow g based on the functional unit F; b F, g It is the direct flow of basic flow g in the product production process based on functional unit F; T, i It is the direct consumption of raw materials, auxiliary materials, energy, etc. per functional unit in the unit process i of the product system; S a T, i b i, g It is the cumulative amount of the basic flow g based on the functional unit in the upstream and downstream processes.

[0020] Product life cycle inventory data classification is to group inventory data under specific environmental impact types, such as global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), photochemical ozone synthesis (HOCP), ozone depletion (ODP), etc., to form Figure 5 The classification results are shown in the table shown.

[0021] The classification of inventory data is to aggregate basic flows belonging to the same environmental impact type. However, different basic flows of the same mass have different degrees of impact on the corresponding environmental impact type. The conversion into a unified material equivalent index requires the help of a characterization model. The characterization of environmental impact results is calculated according to formula (2): C j =SQ ji *m i ; Among them, C j is the calculation result of impact type j; m i is the list result of elementary stream i; Q ji is the characterization factor of basic flow i on environmental impact type j.

[0022] This example uses the ReCiPe 2016 life cycle environmental impact assessment method to characterize the life cycle inventory data. For specific environmental impact assessment types, see Figure 4 The table shown.

[0023] Normalization can eliminate the dimensional differences among different environmental impact indicators, so as to compare the relative sizes of the indicators and identify the main types of environmental impacts. The normalized results of environmental impacts are calculated according to the following formula: N j =C j / S j ; Among them, N j is the normalized result of environmental impact type j; C j is the characterization result of environmental impact type j; S j is the normalization coefficient.

[0024] In this embodiment, the life cycle is explained as follows: based on the inventory analysis and environmental impact assessment results, for low-carbon ferromanganese products, the electricity consumed in the production process accounts for the highest proportion of the global warming potential (GWP), so the use of renewable energy and clean energy and the reduction of the proportion of thermal power have a significant effect on reducing their carbon emissions; for the raw material manganese ore, the contribution to mineral resource depletion (ADP) accounts for the highest proportion, and improving the reduction efficiency of manganese ore and the recovery rate of manganese are conducive to reducing the demand for manganese ore in production; for environmental impact indicators such as fossil energy depletion (EDP), soil acidification potential (TAP), and particulate matter formation potential (PMFP), low-carbon ferromanganese has shown a certain degree of environmental friendliness.

[0025] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementations. Any technical solution formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for environmental impact assessment of low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory, comprising determining an assessment object, functional unit, and system boundary, aggregating and quantifying the environmental impact values ​​of low-carbon ferromanganese products through a process LCA method, selecting a corresponding assessment model, and quantitatively describing the results of the environmental impact, characterized by: (1) Determination of objectives and evaluation scope: determine the evaluation subject, define the functional unit of the evaluation object, and define the boundary scope of the low-carbon ferromanganese product system; (2) Life cycle inventory analysis: The life cycle of low-carbon ferromanganese products is divided into several unit processes with clear boundaries according to the production process. Then, the input and output activity data involved in the divided unit processes are collected and traced back to inventory data containing only basic flows by linking the background database. Then, the inventory data of all unit processes are summarized to obtain the product life cycle inventory; (3) Impact assessment: Based on the life cycle assessment method system, the environmental impact assessment of low-carbon ferromanganese products is carried out. The input and output lists of each unit process are established and compiled according to the actual production activity data. Then, the impact degree of different environmental loads is quantitatively analyzed through the corresponding characterization model. The environmental impact results are normalized and weighted calculation is performed on the normalized results to obtain the total environmental impact potential value of low-carbon ferromanganese products; (4) Interpretation of results: Explain the results of the environmental impact assessment and make recommendations based on the contribution of each factor.

2. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), the evaluation object is to collect all relevant inputs and outputs of resources, energy, and pollutant emissions at each stage of the life cycle of low-carbon ferromanganese products produced by the shaking furnace-electric furnace method, and to quantitatively evaluate the potential environmental impacts thereof.

3. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (1), the functional unit is: 1 ton of low-carbon ferromanganese product produced based on the shaking furnace-electric furnace method.

4. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the boundary range is: "from cradle to gate", including the raw material and energy production stage, the raw material transportation stage, and the product production stage.

5. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the activity data includes raw material and auxiliary material consumption, energy consumption, product / by-product output, and pollutant emissions.

6. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the life cycle inventory is the accumulation of basic flows in the defined life cycle process. Basic flows are substances or energy in nature that have not been transformed by humans and are the most basic environmental loads in LCA. The accumulation of basic flows g in the life cycle inventory is calculated according to the following formula: b T, F, g =b F, g + S a T, i b i, g ; Among them, b T, F, g is the cumulative amount of basic flow g based on the functional unit F; b F, g It is the direct flow of basic flow g in the product production process based on functional unit F; T, i S a is the direct consumption of raw materials, auxiliary materials, energy, etc. per functional unit in the unit process i of the product system; T, i b i, g It is the cumulative amount of the basic flow g based on the functional unit in the upstream and downstream processes.

7. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of step (3) are: S31: Select an appropriate environmental impact assessment model and classify the product life cycle inventory data obtained in step (2) according to the characteristics of different environmental impact assessment indicators; S32: Based on the classification of inventory data, analyze the degree of damage of different basic flows to various environmental impact types. Based on this, use the corresponding characterization model to convert the basic flows in the product life cycle inventory into numerical values ​​with unified dimensions for quantification. The environmental impact characterization results of low-carbon ferromanganese products are summarized and calculated; S33: normalize the characterization results, select representative weight factors for the normalized results, perform weighted calculations on them, and obtain the total environmental impact potential of the low-carbon ferromanganese products.

8. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step (S32), the classification of inventory data is to aggregate basic flows belonging to the same environmental impact type. However, different basic flows of the same quality have different degrees of impact on the corresponding environmental impact type. To convert them into a unified indicator, a characterization model is required. The characterization structure of the environmental impact results is calculated according to the following formula: C j =SQ ji *m i ; Among them, C j is the calculation result of impact type j; m i is the list result of elementary stream i; Q ji is the characterization factor of basic flow i on environmental impact type j.

9. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step (S33), normalization eliminates the dimensional differences among different environmental impact indicators, so as to compare the relative sizes of the indicators and identify the main environmental impact types. The normalized results of environmental impact are calculated according to the following formula: N j =C j / S j ; Among them, N j is the normalized result of environmental impact type j; C j is the characterization result of environmental impact type j; S j is the normalization coefficient.

10. The environmental impact assessment method for low-carbon ferromanganese products based on life cycle theory according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step (4), ISO14040 and ISO14044 have made corresponding provisions and requirements for life cycle interpretation. Life cycle interpretation mainly involves identifying and analyzing the information displayed by inventory analysis and environmental impact assessment results, interpreting the evaluation results according to the purpose of the evaluation, and providing theoretical support for the clean production process design of low-carbon manganese iron products.

Images