Ecological base material suitable for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slope as well as ecological restoration method and application of ecological base material

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological base material suitable for ecological restoration of a high and steep rock slope and an ecological restoration method and application of the ecological base material, the ecological base material comprises the following raw materials: a matrix component, a reinforcing component and plant seeds, and the matrix component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of local loam, 6-10 parts of organic matter, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent and 2-4 parts of a pH regulator; the reinforcing component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of a fiber material, 5-8 parts of a binder, 3-5 parts of a slow release fertilizer and 0-0.1 part of a modifier; the plant seeds comprise herbaceous plants and shrubs, the herbaceous plants comprise cynodon dactylon and festuca arundinacea, and the shrubs comprise magnolia floribunda and lespedeza, specifically, 0.4 part of cynodon dactylon, 0.3 part of festuca arundinacea, 0.15 part of magnolia floribunda and 0.05 part of lespedeza. According to the ecological base material and the ecological restoration method thereof, the site conditions of the high and steep slope can be met, vegetation can be attached to the surface of the slope body easily, the rock and soil conditions of the surface of the high and steep rock slope are improved, and development and implementation of ecological restoration are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of high-steep rocky slopes, and in particular to an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of high-steep rocky slopes, and an ecological restoration method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In terms of geology, the treatment of high and steep rock slopes remains a technical challenge. High and steep slopes, as a type of engineering geological body with special engineering significance, refer to those that reach a certain height and can be either naturally formed slopes or artificial slopes shaped by human activities. We are more concerned about high and steep rock slopes caused by human factors. In mountainous engineering construction, high rock slopes play a vital role as the geological environment and engineering carrier of major related major projects. Especially in high and mountainous areas, the stability of high and steep rock slopes and engineering hazards have become a top priority issue for major engineering construction. It is directly related to whether the engineering construction can be built and the construction cost.

[0003] Ecological restoration of slopes offers multiple and far-reaching benefits. First, the reinforcing effect of plant roots can effectively enhance slope stability, thereby strengthening geological disaster prevention efforts. Second, ecological restoration can significantly reduce soil erosion and protect soil resources. Furthermore, vegetation cover purifies the air, beautifies the environment, and provides a more livable space for surrounding residents. Therefore, slope ecological restoration not only has significant economic benefits but also brings significant social and ecological benefits. Rock slopes, especially high and steep rock slopes, present a major challenge in ecological restoration due to their poor site conditions. To ensure effective ecological restoration, many high and steep slope restoration projects rely on slope reduction to control slope gradients, which significantly increases project investment for relatively stable high and steep slopes. The unique heterogeneity of rock slopes presents numerous challenges in ecological restoration. First, these slopes often lack the geological, geotechnical, and ecological conditions necessary for plant growth, resulting in insufficient accumulation of organic matter and nutrients. Second, their low water and heat capacity results in drastic and frequent fluctuations in ecological factors, creating an extremely unfavorable environment for plant growth. Furthermore, the unique habitat, rock type, and geology of the slopes also complicate ecological restoration, making it particularly difficult for plants to colonize such slopes. In transportation engineering construction, large-scale projects such as highways and railways often create steep rock slopes. This not only causes severe damage to the ecological environment but also poses significant safety hazards. Therefore, ecological restoration of steep rock slopes has become a top priority in ecological and environmental development. To ensure the effectiveness of restoration and management, we must thoroughly understand and analyze the geological and environmental conditions of the area, including topography, regional geology, and hydrogeology. This allows us to develop more targeted restoration and management plans to address the complexity and challenges posed by steep slopes. We have a variety of ecological restoration methods available, including existing reinforcement, backfilling, and slope reduction and load reduction. Each method has its unique advantages and applicable scenarios, and should be selected appropriately based on specific circumstances to maximize its benefits. At the same time, ecological and environmental restoration and management must adhere to the principles of economy, science, and appropriateness. While leveraging human intervention to improve environmental quality, we must also prioritize protecting the integrity and harmony of the natural landscape. Rock slopes, especially steep ones, present a major challenge in ecological restoration due to their poor site conditions. Steep rock slopes, due to their steep slopes, poor soil quality, and rapid water loss, make natural vegetation recovery difficult, making them prone to geological disasters such as soil erosion and landslides. Traditional ecological restoration methods, such as soil spraying and plant bags, are ineffective on steep rock slopes and are difficult to meet ecological restoration needs. Therefore, the development of an ecological substrate suitable for the ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, as well as its preparation and application, is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problems solved: In view of the problem in the prior art that the existing ecological restoration method has poor effect on high and steep rock slope and is difficult to meet the ecological restoration demand, the application provides an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slope and an ecological restoration method and application thereof, which can meet the site conditions of high and steep slope, is beneficial to vegetation adhesion and slope surface, improves the rock-soil conditions of high and steep rock slope, and is beneficial to the development and implementation of ecological restoration.

[0005] Technical scheme: The first object of the application is to provide an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slope, which is prepared from the following raw materials: substrate component, reinforcing component and plant seeds, wherein the raw materials are mixed in the following mass ratio:

[0006] The raw materials of the substrate component are mixed in the following ratio: 40-50 parts of local soil, 6-10 parts of organic matter, 3-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-4 parts of pH regulator;

[0007] The raw materials of the reinforcing component are mixed in the following ratio: 15 parts of fiber material, 5-8 parts of binder, 3-5 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0-0.1 parts of modifier;

[0008] The plant seeds include herbaceous plants and shrubs, the herbaceous plants include Bermudagrass and tall fescue, and the shrubs include Magnolia and Hu Zhizi, wherein the mass ratio of Bermudagrass, tall fescue, Magnolia and Hu Zhizi is 0.4:0.3:0.15:0.05.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the raw materials of the ecological substrate are mixed in the following mass ratio: 62 parts of substrate component, 26 parts of reinforcing component and 0.9 parts of plant seeds, wherein the raw materials of the substrate component are mixed in the following mass ratio: 45 parts of local soil, 10 parts of organic matter, 4 parts of water-retaining agent and 3 parts of pH regulator; and the raw materials of the reinforcing component are mixed in the following mass ratio: 15 parts of fiber material, 7 parts of binder, 4 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.1 parts of modifier.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the local soil contains 15 wt% of peat soil, has a particle size of ≤5 mm, an organic matter content of less than 10 g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 1.0-0.5 g / kg, an available phosphorus content of less than 5 mg / kg and a available potassium content of less than 50 mg / kg; and the organic matter is at least one of peat soil, humus soil and straw fermentation product.

[0011] Soil, as the cornerstone of ecological substrate, plays a crucial role in the growth of vegetation. According to the principles of soil science, in order to ensure that the vegetation can sprout smoothly and grow vigorously, we prefer local loam as the main component of the substrate. This loam has the advantages of both sandy soil and clay, not only has good ventilation performance, can ensure the smooth breathing of root system, but also has outstanding performance in water and fertilizer conservation, can provide stable growth environment for vegetation. Previous studies have also shown that sandy loam or light loam has more advantages as the soil selection of ecological substrate. Considering that the implementation cases of the present application focus on Lianyungang area, the soil used in the test is collected from Lianyungang. The soil has low fertility, the organic matter content is less than 10 g / kg, the total nitrogen content is between 1.0-0.5 g / kg, the available phosphorus content is less than 5 mg / kg, and the available potassium content is also less than 50 mg / kg. Although the initial conditions of these soils are not ideal, their performance can be improved through scientific preparation and subsequent maintenance, providing favorable conditions for vegetation growth.

[0012] Organic matter is an essential basic material for plant growth, which not only provides essential nutrients for plants, but also provides sufficient growth space for plant roots. Among many organic matter materials, peat is particularly outstanding due to its unique properties. Peat is light, water-holding, and breathable, and rich in organic matter, so it is the first choice. It has excellent water storage and retention capacity, effectively prevents soil compaction, and improves the physical properties of the soil, making the fertilizer more durable. In addition to peat, straw is also an important pore-forming material. The application of straw in the spray-seeding greening of the imported soil not only helps to protect the ecological environment, but also realizes the efficient recycling of resources. In the substrate, straw plays a crucial role in improving the physical properties of the substrate and adding rich organic matter and essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. With the natural decomposition of straw, a large amount of organic matter and available nutrients are released, thereby improving the nutrient level in the substrate and promoting plant growth, while activating microbial activity in the substrate to create a more favorable environment for plant growth. In view of the above advantages, the present application selects peat soil and straw as the main organic matter material, in order to improve the soil structure, provide nutrients, and realize the effective use of resources and environmental protection. Peat soil exists in local loam, and the main organic matter added separately is straw fermentation product.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the water-retaining agent is a modified polyacrylamide and bentonite composite particle with a particle size of 1-3 mm.

[0014] The average thickness of the eco-based substrate sprayed on rocky slopes is often limited, typically remaining within approximately 10 cm. Given its location on the slope, this substrate makes it particularly difficult to effectively retain water, leading to rapid water loss. Therefore, maintaining moisture on rocky slopes is crucial for plant growth and is a key factor in ensuring healthy plant growth. To achieve sustainable plant growth on slopes, a key ingredient, water-retaining agents (SRMs), must be incorporated into the eco-based substrate. SRMs have excellent water absorption capacity, absorbing tens to hundreds of times their own weight in water. In water-scarce environments, they slowly release previously absorbed water for plant use. Therefore, we strategically incorporate SRMs into the eco-based substrate. During periods of abundant rainfall, SRMs efficiently absorb excess moisture from the soil. During periods of drought and low rainfall, they steadily release water, providing a sustained water supply for plants, ensuring healthy plant growth on rocky slopes. This approach not only promotes healthy plant growth but also effectively improves slope stability.

[0015] Preferably, the fiber material is a mixed network of coconut shell fiber, wood pulp fiber and polylactic acid fiber, with a length of 5-10 cm, and a mass ratio of coconut shell fiber, wood pulp fiber and polylactic acid fiber is 8:5:2.

[0016] Preferably, the pH regulator is a mixture of calcium carbonate and sulfur powder in a mass ratio of 3:1; and the binder is a composite of modified starch-based adhesive and silicate cement in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0017] If cement is used as a binder, its hydrolysis often causes the soil to be in a strongly alkaline state. This alkaline environment poses a great threat to the germination and growth of plants and is extremely detrimental to the healthy growth of plants. In order to improve this situation, it is usually necessary to add a specific regulator to lower the pH value of the substrate. In agricultural practice, in order to regulate the pH value of the soil, people often use a variety of substances to lower the pH value of the soil. These substances include sulfur, waste sulfuric acid, green vitriol, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium phosphate, gypsum and calcium silicate. The application of these materials helps to create an environment that is more suitable for plant growth. However, in the present invention, a binder is selected as a modified starch-based adhesive and silicate cement composite with a mass ratio of 1:2. The use of this material does not require the additional addition of a pH regulator, thereby simplifying the preparation process of the ecological substrate.

[0018] The primary purpose of using a binder is to tightly bond the ecological substrate to the slope surface, ensuring its secure attachment. This not only promotes early substrate formation but also effectively prevents loss. Common binder materials include emulsified asphalt, high-molecular polymers, and various compounds, all of which are widely used in various fields. Each of these binders has its own unique characteristics, providing strong adhesion tailored to varying slope conditions and substrate requirements, thereby ensuring the stability and durability of ecological restoration projects.

[0019] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer is a composite particle of coated urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and humic acid chelated trace elements, and the mass ratio of N, P and K in the slow-release fertilizer is 6-10:10-36:6-10; and the improver is polyacrylamide.

[0020] Preferably, when the high and steep rock slope ecology is a community mainly composed of herbaceous plants, the mass ratio of N, P and K in the slow-release fertilizer is 10:10:10; when the high and steep rock slope ecology is a community mainly composed of woody plants, the mass ratio of N, P and K in the slow-release fertilizer is 6:36:6.

[0021] Since the soil fertility used for substrate formulation is generally low, the choice of fertilizer is particularly critical. The selected fertilizer must not only meet the short-term needs of vegetation growth, but also have the ability to provide fertilizer in the long term, especially when the ecosystem cannot fully provide the required nutrients. Therefore, in the formulation of ecological substrates, slow-release mixed fertilizers are usually used. This fertilizer is designed in granular form and has relatively low solubility, ensuring that it can release nutrients in the soil for a long time, avoiding rapid consumption or dissolution loss in a short period of time. For communities mainly composed of herbaceous plants, it is recommended to use a fertilizer ratio of N:P:K=10:10:10 to provide balanced nutritional support; for communities mainly composed of woody plants, it is recommended to use a fertilizer ratio of 6:36:6 to better meet their growth needs. This fertilizer ratio selection helps to ensure the healthy growth and sustainable development of plant communities.

[0022] Soil conditioners play a crucial role in soil optimization. Their core role is to optimize soil structure and create a more suitable environment for plant growth. Aggregate-structured soils precisely coordinate key factors such as water, fertilizer, air, and heat, providing optimal conditions for plant growth. For soils with poor structure, soil conditioners can be used to promote the formation of aggregate structure.

[0023] The second object of the present invention is to provide an ecological restoration method based on the above-mentioned ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, the steps of which are as follows:

[0024] Step 1: Mix the matrix component and the reinforcing component in proportion, add water and stir until the water content reaches 20-25 wt%, and the pH of the substrate is controlled at 6.5-7.5;

[0025] Step 2: adding plant seeds to the mixed material to form a loose aggregate structure;

[0026] Step 3: Spray the mixed components obtained in step 2 onto the slope surface using a wet spraying process to a thickness of 5-8 cm and cover it with a biodegradable fiber blanket.

[0027] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes as an ecological restoration material for steep rock slopes.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Through scientific proportioning, the present invention proposes an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes. It can efficiently repair the ecology of steep rock slopes, facilitate the attachment of vegetation to the slope surface, improve the geotechnical conditions on the surface of steep rock slopes, and is conducive to the development and progress of ecological restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the growth results of vegetation on the substrate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a greening effect diagram 28 days after construction in the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a greening effect diagram 48 days after construction in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a greening effect diagram 60 days after construction in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a greening effect diagram 70 days after construction in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the greening effect two years after construction in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] In the examples of this specification, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials are all from common commercially available products, among which:

[0037] Local loam: taken from Lianyungang area, containing 15 wt% peat soil, particle size ≤5 mm, organic matter content less than 10 g / kg, total nitrogen content between 1.0-0.5 g / kg, available phosphorus content less than 5 mg / kg, and available potassium content less than 50 mg / kg.

[0038] Organic matter: 60 wt% straw fermentation + 40 wt% humus soil.

[0039] Water-retaining agent: Modified polyacrylamide and bentonite composite particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm. Polyacrylamide (PAM) was purchased from Zhengzhou Tianhe. The product model complies with GB17514-2008, with molecular weight (anionic and nonionic) of 6-22 million, ionicity (cationic) of 10-60, solids content ≥88%, degree of hydrolysis 15-30, residual monomer ≤0.1%, dissolution time ≤100 min, size 16-80 mesh, and viscosity ≥38.0 MPa.s. Bentonite was purchased from Shandong Sishui Shengfeng Bentonite Co., Ltd., a specialty compound fertilizer manufacturer.

[0040] pH adjuster: a mixture of calcium carbonate and sulfur powder in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0041] Fiber material: 5-10 cm in length, a mixed network of coconut shell fiber (from coconut shell), wood pulp fiber (from wood such as pine and birch), and polylactic acid fiber (from starch-containing agricultural products such as corn, wheat, and sugar beets), with the mass ratio of coconut shell fiber, wood pulp fiber, and polylactic acid fiber being 8:5:2.

[0042] Binder: A starch-based adhesive and Portland cement composite in a 1:2 mass ratio. The starch-based adhesive was purchased from Henan Huiquan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and is the Huiquan Series Paper Product Starch Adhesive. The Portland cement is PO32.5. The combined adhesive creates a granular structure in the soil, which is beneficial for plant growth. Granular structures are small, loose, porous aggregates with a spherical shape and a particle size of 0.25 to 10 mm.

[0043] Slow-release fertilizer: composite particles of coated urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and humic acid chelated trace elements, purchased from Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Group.

[0044] Plant seeds: Bermuda grass, tall fescue, magnolia and Lespedeza were purchased from Jiangsu Lvbao Forestry Development Co., Ltd.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This embodiment provides an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes. The raw materials are proportioned as follows by mass:

[0047] Matrix components: 45 parts of local loam (including 15 wt% peat soil), 10 parts of organic matter (mainly 60 wt% straw fermentation and 40 wt% humus), 4 parts of water retaining agent and 3 parts of pH regulator;

[0048] Reinforcement components: 15 parts of fiber material, 7 parts of binder (including 2 parts of starch-based adhesive and 5 parts of cement) and 4 parts of slow-release fertilizer;

[0049] Plant seeds: 0.4 parts of Bermuda grass, 0.3 parts of tall fescue, 0.15 parts of multiflora magnolia, and 0.05 parts of Lespedeza.

[0050] An ecological restoration method for an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Mix the matrix component and the reinforcing component in proportion, add water and stir until the water content reaches 20-25 wt%, and the pH of the substrate is controlled at 6.5-7.5;

[0052] Step 2: adding plant seeds to the mixed material to form a loose aggregate structure;

[0053] Step 3: Spray the mixed components obtained in step 2 onto the slope surface (a certain engineering test slope with a slope of 65°) through a wet spraying process with a thickness of 5-8 cm and cover it with a biodegradable fiber blanket.

[0054] Within 3 months, the vegetation coverage rate reached 90%. After 6 months, the shrub roots penetrated the substrate layer and the substrate loss rate was less than 5%. Figure 1 .

[0055] Improved scour resistance: The fiber network and binder work synergistically, reducing the substrate's erosion rate by 60% under simulated heavy rain (50 mm / h); the plant survival rate is >85%, a 30% increase compared to traditional substrates (without added binders and fiber materials); the effective repair period is extended to 3-5 years, reducing maintenance costs; it is suitable for rock slopes with a slope of ≤75° and has strong promotion potential.

[0056] Figure 2-6 The greening effect diagrams are respectively 28 days, 48 ​​days, 60 days, 70 days, and two years after construction. In the diagram, the left part is the imported soil spraying area (existing technology), the right part adjacent to the steps is the vegetation concrete area (existing technology), and the center is the new ecological substrate area improved by the method of the present invention (Example 1). According to the comparison of photos at different time periods, the greening effect of all areas is good; although the germination and growth of plants in the new ecological substrate area improved by the present invention are relatively slow in the early stage, the improvement method provided by the present invention has better long-term effects and higher erosion resistance in the later stage (one to two years after construction), which can better achieve the purpose of ecological restoration, avoid geological disasters such as soil erosion and landslides, and achieve faster construction speed and lowest cost.

[0057] Post-construction germination showed that the sprayed soil sprouted quickly, beginning about a week after construction. However, both the improved new ecological substrate and the conventional vegetation concrete areas germinated more slowly, starting around 15 days later. Initially, after construction, the vegetation was primarily herbaceous, with trees and shrubs sprouting more slowly and becoming smaller and difficult to identify. However, plant growth one and two years after construction showed good growth, which is more conducive to the long-term effectiveness of ecological restoration.

[0058] This invention provides a novel ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rocky slopes. This restoration and environmental ecological protection technology utilizes wet spraying, supplemented by engineering measures, to establish ideal plant communities on wasteland or damaged rock, soil, concrete, or landfill slopes. The novel ecological substrate, suitable for ecological restoration of steep rocky slopes, possesses an ideal soil aggregate structure and excellent soil and water conservation capabilities, providing sufficient fertility and a suitable living environment for plant growth.

[0059] The soil culture medium used in the ecological substrate for ecological restoration of steep rocky slopes provided by the present invention exhibits a superior soil structure, distinguished from ordinary soil, with multi-level porosity and water stability. The macropores between aggregates are equivalent to the pores formed in forest soil by the decay of higher plant roots and the activity of soil animals, playing a role in dredging the soil, ventilating it, and draining it. The small pores within the multi-level pores, with a particle size of 0.25 to 2 mm, have water and fertilizer retention properties. This artificial culture medium simulates the natural soil environment, and its three-phase ratio (the volume percentage of the solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase in the soil) is favorable for plant growth. It also provides a suitable habitat for soil microorganisms, fostering a beneficial interaction between plant and soil biota, thereby forming a stable ecosystem. Furthermore, this soil culture medium is highly stable, effectively resisting erosion from heavy rainfall and other natural damage, and can minimize soil erosion.

[0060] The new ecological base material uses woody plants such as trees and shrubs to protect the slopes. The developed plant roots and lush branches and leaves provide good protection for the slopes, and the slope protection effect is significant. Moreover, as time goes by, the woody plant communities become more lush, and the slope protection effect becomes more obvious. After greening, the diversity and community of plants are formed, which can effectively resist pests and diseases and maintain ecological balance. In addition, the materials used in this technology are all environmentally friendly and naturally degradable materials, which are pollution-free and harmless to the environment. Moreover, the main materials are waste or scraps, which can reflect the requirements of circular economy and energy conservation and emission reduction. There is no need for later maintenance and management, and it is a true natural ecology, saving a lot of maintenance costs.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, characterized in that: The raw materials are as follows: matrix component, reinforcing component and plant seeds, wherein, according to the mass proportion, The raw material ratio of the matrix components is as follows: 40-50 parts local loam, 6-10 parts organic matter, 3-5 parts water retaining agent and 2-4 parts pH regulator; The raw material ratio of the reinforcing component is as follows: 15 parts of fiber material, 5-8 parts of binder, 3-5 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0-0.1 parts of improver; The plant seeds include herbaceous plants and shrubs. The herbaceous plants include bermudagrass and tall fescue, and the shrubs include magnolia and Lespedeza. Among them, the bermudagrass is 0.4 parts, the tall fescue is 0.3 parts, the magnolia is 0.15 parts, and the Lespedeza is 0.05 parts.

2. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the ecological substrate are proportioned as follows by mass: 62 parts of matrix components, 26 parts of reinforcing components and 0.9 parts of plant seeds, wherein the raw materials of the matrix components are proportioned as follows by mass: 45 parts of local loam, 10 parts of organic matter, 4 parts of water-retaining agents and 3 parts of pH regulators; the raw materials of the reinforcing components are proportioned as follows by mass: 15 parts of fiber materials, 7 parts of binders, 4 parts of slow-release fertilizers and 0.1 parts of improvers.

3. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local loam contains 15 wt% peat soil, has a particle size of ≤5 mm, an organic matter content of less than 10 g / kg, a total nitrogen content between 1.0-0.5 g / kg, an effective phosphorus content of less than 5 mg / kg, and an available potassium content of less than 50 mg / kg; the organic matter is at least one of peat soil, humus soil and straw fermentation.

4. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining agent is a composite particle of modified polyacrylamide and bentonite, and the particle size is 1-3 mm.

5. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber material is a mixed network of coconut shell fiber, wood pulp fiber and polylactic acid fiber, with a length of 5-10 cm, and a mass ratio of coconut shell fiber, wood pulp fiber and polylactic acid fiber is 8:5:

2.

6. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH regulator is a mixture of calcium carbonate and sulfur powder in a mass ratio of 3:1; the binder is a composite of modified starch-based adhesive and silicate cement in a mass ratio of 1:

2.

7. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release fertilizer is composite particles of coated urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and humic acid chelated trace elements, and the mass ratio of N, P, and K in the slow-release fertilizer is 6-10:10-36:6-10; the improver is polyacrylamide.

8. The ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the high and steep rock slope ecology is mainly composed of herbaceous plants, the mass ratio of N, P and K in the slow-release fertilizer is 10:10:10; when the high and steep rock slope ecology is mainly composed of woody plants, the mass ratio of N, P and K in the slow-release fertilizer is 6:36:

6.

9. An ecological restoration method based on an ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1: Mix the matrix component and the reinforcing component in proportion, add water and stir until the water content reaches 20-25 wt%, and the pH of the substrate is controlled at 6.5-7.5; Step 2: adding plant seeds to the mixed material to form a loose aggregate structure; Step 3: Spray the mixed components obtained in step 2 onto the slope surface using a wet spraying process to a thickness of 5-8 cm and cover it with a biodegradable fiber blanket.

10. Use of the ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1 as an ecological restoration material for steep rock slopes.

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