Hydrogen charging system and method for magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage reaction kettle

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen charging system and method for a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage reaction kettle. A hydrogen storage tank is placed in each placement position in an inner cavity of the reaction kettle, and a heat exchange coil pipe is arranged outside each placement position; the hydrogen charging system comprises a hydrogen charging part, a temperature control part and a safety protection part; the hydrogen filling part comprises a hydrogen filling main pipeline; a hydrogen flow controller and a hydrogen heat exchanger are arranged on the hydrogen filling main pipeline; the temperature control part comprises an external heat-conducting oil circulating system, the external heat-conducting oil circulating system comprises a heat-conducting oil tank, a flow bypass pipeline is arranged between the oil inlet pipeline and the oil return pipeline, and a heat-conducting oil shunting automatic switch valve is arranged on the flow bypass pipeline; the safety protection part comprises a safety valve arranged on the reaction kettle, the safety valve is externally connected with an emptying pipeline, a pressure relief bypass pipeline is arranged between the emptying pipeline and the hydrogen filling main pipeline, and an automatic opening and closing pressure relief valve is arranged on the pressure relief bypass pipeline. The system has the advantages that the hydrogen storage tanks in the reaction kettle can be quickly and efficiently filled with hydrogen, and the safety of the system is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to hydrogen storage reactor hydrogen charging system technical field, especially to be a kind of for magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor hydrogen charging system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In prior art, single hydrogen storage tank is generally used as independent reactor, its structure generally includes two layers of tank body, inner tank is filled with hydrogen storage material, outer tank is sleeved on inner tank, the interlayer between inner tank and outer tank is the region for heat conducting oil to flow through, and the outer tank is provided with inlet and outlet oil ports communicated with the interlayer. The hydrogen storage tank with the above structure has the following shortcomings: Because hydrogen charging needs certain pressure, the wall thickness of inner tank is designed to be thick, which results in large weight of hydrogen storage tank and low hydrogen storage rate of hydrogen storage tank mass; and due to large weight, it is inconvenient to transport, the inlet and outlet oil ports need to be blocked during transportation, and less hydrogen storage tanks can be transported under the same volume; meanwhile, when the hydrogen storage amount is large and multiple hydrogen storage tanks are needed, the inlet oil ports of each hydrogen storage tank need to be connected in parallel, and the outlet oil ports also need to be connected in parallel, so the pipeline design is complex.

[0003] The existing hydrogen charging system for the single-tank reactor has the following shortcomings: During hydrogen charging, hydrogen charging can only be carried out on the hydrogen storage material in a single tank body at a time, and multiple tank bodies need to be charged in sequence, so the hydrogen charging efficiency is low; no perfect safety protection measures are provided, and the system safety is not high; the flow of hydrogen gas charged during hydrogen charging process cannot be controlled; and the flow control of heat conducting oil in the heat conducting oil circulation system connected with the inlet and outlet oil ports is unstable, which results in unstable temperature control on the hydrogen charging material, thereby affecting the hydrogen charging effect. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of prior art, and provides a hydrogen charging system and method for magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, so as to realize rapid, efficient and accurate hydrogen charging on the hydrogen storage material in multiple hydrogen storage tanks in the reactor, while ensuring the safety of the whole system.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions: A hydrogen charging system for magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, each hydrogen storage tank is placed in each placement position in the inner cavity of the reactor, and each placement position is provided with heat exchange coil outside the hydrogen storage tank; the reactor is provided with oil inlet, oil outlet, gas charging interface, reactor pressure transmitter interface and reactor temperature transmitter interface; the oil is supplied to each group of heat exchange coils in the reactor through the oil inlet, and the oil in each group of heat exchange coils is discharged through the oil outlet. The hydrogen charging system includes hydrogen charging part, temperature control part and safety protection part. The hydrogen charging part includes a hydrogen charging main line, the inlet end of the hydrogen charging main line is connected to the hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the hydrogen charging main line is connected to the charging interface of the reactor. The hydrogen charging main line is provided with a hydrogen source automatic switch valve, a hydrogen flow controller, and a hydrogen heat exchanger in sequence along the airflow direction; The temperature control part includes an external thermal oil circulation system, which includes a thermal oil tank with a thermal oil system heating rod installed inside. The outlet of the thermal oil tank is connected to the oil inlet of the reactor through an oil inlet pipeline, and the inlet of the thermal oil tank is connected to the oil outlet of the reactor through an oil return pipeline. An oil circulation pump is provided on the oil inlet pipeline near the thermal oil tank, a thermal oil system flow meter is provided on the oil inlet pipeline, a flow bypass pipeline is provided across the oil inlet pipeline and the return oil pipeline, one end of the flow bypass pipeline is connected to the oil inlet pipeline and is located between the oil circulation pump and the thermal oil system flow meter, and a thermal oil diversion automatic switching valve is provided on the flow bypass pipeline; The safety protection part includes a reactor safety valve arranged on the reactor, the reactor safety valve is externally connected to a vent line, a pressure relief bypass line is arranged across the vent line and the hydrogen filling main line, one end of the pressure relief bypass line is connected to the hydrogen filling main line and is located between the hydrogen flow controller and the hydrogen heat exchanger, and the pressure relief bypass line is provided with an automatic switch pressure relief valve, a stop valve after the pressure relief valve and a one-way valve after the pressure relief valve in sequence along the direction of air flow.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, a hydrogen source pressure transmitter and a hydrogen source temperature transmitter are provided on the hydrogen filling main line at a position between the hydrogen source automatic switching valve and the hydrogen flow controller, and a hydrogen system pressure switch is provided on the hydrogen filling main line at a position between the hydrogen flow controller and the hydrogen heat exchanger.

[0007] As a preferred solution for the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, an intake front end pressure relief bypass line and an intake rear end pressure relief bypass line are respectively provided on the vent line at the upstream and downstream parts of the pressure relief bypass line. The other end of the intake front end pressure relief bypass line is connected to the hydrogen filling main line and is located between the hydrogen source temperature transmitter and the hydrogen flow controller. The other end of the intake rear end pressure relief bypass line is connected to the hydrogen filling main line and is located between the hydrogen system pressure switch and the hydrogen heat exchanger. An intake front end manual pressure relief valve is provided on the intake front end pressure relief bypass line, and an intake rear end manual pressure relief valve is provided on the intake rear end pressure relief bypass line.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, the oil inlet pipeline is provided with an oil pump outlet pressure transmitter, an oil pump outlet temperature transmitter, and an oil pump outlet one-way valve in sequence along the flow direction of the thermal oil at a position between the oil circulation pump and the thermal oil system flow meter; the oil inlet pipeline is provided with a thermal oil main line automatic regulating valve and a reactor oil inlet temperature transmitter in sequence along the flow direction of the thermal oil at a position downstream of the thermal oil system flow meter; and the return oil pipeline is provided with a reactor oil outlet temperature transmitter near the oil outlet of the reactor.

[0009] As a preferred solution for the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, a thermal oil heat exchanger is further provided on the oil inlet pipeline at a position between the oil pump outlet one-way valve and the thermal oil system flow meter, and the thermal oil in the thermal oil heat exchanger pipeline is heat exchanged and cooled by an external cooling system.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system, each placement position in the reactor is further provided with a cooling coil located on the periphery of the hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling coil and the heat exchange coil form a double helical tube structure arranged in an interlaced manner; The reactor is also provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, through which chilled water is supplied to each group of cooling coils in the reactor, and the water in each group of cooling coils is discharged through the water outlet; the water inlet and water outlet of the reactor are connected to an external chilled water circulation system.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, the external chilled water circulation system includes a cold water tank, the outlet of the cold water tank is connected to the water inlet of the reactor through an inlet pipe, and the inlet of the cold water tank is connected to the water outlet of the reactor through a return pipe. A chilled water pump, a chilled water system one-way valve, a chilled water pump outlet pressure transmitter, a chilled water pump outlet temperature transmitter and an automatic regulating valve for the cold water inlet of the reactor are sequentially provided on the inlet pipe along the direction of water flow.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger are connected to an external chilled water circulation system, and chilled water is circulated into the refrigerant pipe of the hydrogen heat exchanger through the external chilled water circulation system.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen filling system, a vacuum pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen filling line at a position between the hydrogen flow controller and the hydrogen heat exchanger, the end of the vacuum pipeline is connected to a vacuum pump, and a vacuum filter, a vacuum automatic switch valve and a vacuum gauge are sequentially provided on the vacuum pipeline along the vacuum direction; A purge pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen filling line at a position between the hydrogen source automatic switch valve and the hydrogen flow controller, the end of the purge pipeline is connected to the nitrogen source, and a nitrogen purge manual valve and a nitrogen purge one-way valve are sequentially arranged on the purge pipeline along the airflow direction.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a hydrogen charging method for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor. The hydrogen charging method is based on the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system and is performed according to the following steps: Step 1: Evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor to make the vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the reactor reach the set vacuum degree; Step 2: Open the automatic on-off valve of the hydrogen source, and gaseous hydrogen is charged into the inner cavity of the reactor through the hydrogen charging main line; at the same time, start the external heat transfer oil circulation system, and use the oil circulation pump to pass the heat transfer oil into each group of heat exchange coils through the oil inlet of the reactor. The heat transfer oil circulating in each heat exchange coil heats the hydrogen storage material filled in each hydrogen storage tank, so that the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature, and the hydrogen storage material begins to absorb the gaseous hydrogen charged into the reactor; Step 3: When the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow controller reaches the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage material in each hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen source automatic switch valve is closed to stop hydrogen charging; at the same time, the hydrogen heat exchanger is started, and the automatic switch pressure relief valve is opened. The gaseous hydrogen remaining in the inner cavity of the reactor is cooled by the hydrogen heat exchanger and then enters the vent pipeline through the pressure relief bypass pipeline for discharge; Step 4: After the temperature in the inner cavity of the reactor drops to room temperature, the inner cavity of the reactor is evacuated to discharge the gaseous hydrogen that has not been completely discharged in the inner cavity of the reactor, completing the hydrogen charging operation.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, which is provided with a reactor capable of accommodating multiple hydrogen storage tanks. By charging the reactor with hydrogen, multiple hydrogen storage tanks in the reactor can be charged with hydrogen at the same time, thereby greatly improving the hydrogen charging efficiency. The hydrogen charging system includes a safety protection part used in conjunction with the hydrogen charging part, which provides multi-level safety protection for the system and improves the safety of the system. In the hydrogen charging part, a hydrogen heat exchanger is provided on the hydrogen charging main line, which can cool the high-temperature hydrogen remaining in the reactor before discharging the residual hydrogen in the reactor, thereby avoiding damage to related components of the system due to high-temperature hydrogen and ensuring that the entire system can operate normally. A hydrogen flow controller is provided on the hydrogen charging main line to achieve regulation of the system hydrogen charging flow. The temperature control part includes an external heat transfer oil circulation system, which realizes the diversion of the heat transfer oil through the heat transfer oil diversion automatic switching valve on the flow bypass line, thereby better controlling the heat transfer oil flow entering the reactor, making the heat transfer oil flow control stable, and further ensuring its heating effect on the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen filling system of Example 1.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen charging system of Example 2.

[0018] Numbers in the figure: 1-1 Hydrogen source automatic on / off valve, 1-3 Hydrogen source one-way valve, 1-3 Hydrogen source pressure transmitter, 1-4 Hydrogen source temperature transmitter, 1-5 Hydrogen flow controller, 1-6 Hydrogen system pressure switch, 1-7 Hydrogen heat exchanger, 1-8 Reactor safety valve, 1-9 Reactor pressure transmitter, 1-10 Reactor temperature transmitter, 1-11 Manual pressure relief valve at the rear end of air intake, 1-12 Automatic on / off pressure relief valve, 1-13 Stop valve after pressure relief valve, 1-14 One-way valve after pressure relief valve, 1-15 Vacuum filter, 1-16 Vacuum automatic on / off valve, 1-17 Vacuum gauge, 1-18 Vacuum pump, 1-19 Manual pressure relief valve at the front end of air intake, 1-20 Flame arrester, 1-21 Air hood, 2-1 Nitrogen purge one-way valve, 2-2 Nitrogen purge manual Valve, 3-1 thermal oil system heating rod, 3-2 oil circulation pump, 3-3 oil pump outlet pressure transmitter, 3-4 oil pump outlet temperature transmitter, 3-5 oil pump outlet check valve, 3-6 thermal oil heat exchanger, 3-7 thermal oil system flow meter, 3-8 thermal oil main line automatic regulating valve, 3-9 reactor oil inlet temperature transmitter, 3-10 reactor oil outlet temperature transmitter, 3-11 thermal oil diversion automatic switching valve, 4-1 chilled water pump, 4-2 chilled water system check valve, 4-3 chilled water pump outlet pressure transmitter, 4-4 chilled water pump outlet temperature transmitter, 4-5 automatic switching valve before hydrogen heat exchanger, 4-6 automatic switching valve before thermal oil heat exchanger, 4-7 chilled water system flow meter, 4-8 reactor cold water inlet automatic regulating valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0020] Example 1 See also Figure 1This embodiment discloses a hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor. Hydrogen storage tanks containing magnesium-based hydrogen storage material are placed in various locations within the reactor's interior. Heat exchange coils are located around each location and positioned outside the hydrogen storage tank. The reactor is equipped with an oil inlet, an oil outlet, a gas charging port, a reactor pressure transmitter port, and a reactor temperature transmitter port. These ports are connected to reactor pressure transmitters 1-9 and reactor temperature transmitters 1-10, respectively, to collect real-time pressure and temperature data within the reactor. Oil is supplied to each set of heat exchange coils within the reactor through the oil inlet, and the oil is discharged from each set of heat exchange coils through the oil outlet. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage material requires a hydrogen absorption temperature (about 300°C) to meet the hydrogen absorption conditions. After absorbing hydrogen, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material will release heat, causing the temperature to exceed the hydrogen absorption temperature. At this time, this part of the heat needs to be taken away to stabilize the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material at the hydrogen absorption temperature so that it can continue to absorb hydrogen. That is, the role of the heat exchange coil in the initial stage of hydrogen charging is to heat the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material. When the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material starts to absorb hydrogen, the role of the heat exchange coil is to cool the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0021] The hydrogen filling system mainly consists of three parts, namely the hydrogen filling part, the safety protection part and the temperature control part.

[0022] The hydrogen charging section includes a main hydrogen charging line, the inlet of which is connected to a hydrogen source, and the outlet of which is connected to the reactor's charging port. Along the main hydrogen charging line, a hydrogen source automatic on-off valve 1-1, a hydrogen source check valve 1-2, a hydrogen source pressure transmitter 1-3, a hydrogen source temperature transmitter 1-4, a hydrogen flow controller 1-5, a hydrogen system pressure switch 1-6, and a hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 are installed, in sequence, along the airflow direction. When the system is performing a nitrogen purge, the hydrogen source check valve 1-2 prevents nitrogen from contaminating the hydrogen source. The hydrogen source automatic on-off valve 1-1 is used to control the on-off of the main hydrogen charging line. The hydrogen source pressure transmitter 1-3 and the hydrogen source temperature transmitter 1-4 respectively collect real-time data on the hydrogen pressure and temperature within the main hydrogen charging line. The hydrogen flow controller 1-5 can adjust the system's hydrogen charging flow. The design of the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 can cool down the high-temperature hydrogen remaining in the reactor before discharging it, so that the hydrogen is cooled to the operating temperature of its downstream components, avoiding damage to related components due to high-temperature hydrogen and ensuring the normal operation of the entire system.

[0023] A purge line connects to the main hydrogen charging line between hydrogen source check valve 1-2 and hydrogen source pressure transmitter 1-3. The end of the purge line is connected to a nitrogen source. Nitrogen purge manual valve 2-2 and nitrogen purge check valve 2-1 are installed on the purge line in the direction of airflow. When the system requires maintenance, nitrogen purge manual valve 2-2 can be opened to purge the line with nitrogen. Maintenance and overhaul can then be performed after the hydrogen is completely purged.

[0024] A vacuum line is connected to the main hydrogen filling line between the hydrogen flow controller 1-5 and the hydrogen system pressure switch 1-6. The end of the vacuum line is connected to a vacuum pump 1-18. A vacuum filter 1-15, an automatic vacuum on-off valve 1-16, and a vacuum gauge 1-17 are sequentially provided along the vacuum line along the vacuum direction. In this embodiment, while retaining the nitrogen purge line, a vacuum line is added. This utilizes vacuum to displace air, addressing the low air replacement efficiency disadvantage of the prior art.

[0025] The safety protection part includes a reactor safety valve 1-8 arranged on the reactor. The reactor safety valve 1-8 is externally connected to a vent pipe. The end of the vent pipe is connected to the atmosphere and is provided with a hood 1-21. A flame arrester 1-20 is also provided near the end of the vent pipe. A pressure relief bypass pipe is provided across the vent pipe and the hydrogen filling main pipe. One end of the pressure relief bypass pipe is connected to the hydrogen filling main pipe and is located between the hydrogen flow controller 1-5 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7. An automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12, a stop valve 1-13 after the pressure relief valve and a one-way valve 1-14 after the pressure relief valve are provided on the pressure relief bypass pipe in the direction of air flow.

[0026] An intake front-end pressure relief bypass line and an intake rear-end pressure relief bypass line are respectively provided on the vent line at the upstream and downstream parts of the pressure relief bypass line. The other end of the intake front-end pressure relief bypass line is connected to the hydrogen filling main line and is located between the hydrogen source temperature transmitter 1-4 and the hydrogen flow controller 1-5. The other end of the intake rear-end pressure relief bypass line is connected to the hydrogen filling main line and is located between the hydrogen system pressure switch 1-6 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7. An intake front-end manual pressure relief valve 1-19 is provided on the intake front-end pressure relief bypass line, and an intake rear-end manual pressure relief valve 1-11 is provided on the intake rear-end pressure relief bypass line.

[0027] The automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 can be used as a safety protection. Because it is a normally open valve, when the system fails and the power is cut off, or the hydrogen concentration in the environment exceeds the standard, or flames, smoke, and other abnormalities occur, other valves are closed, and this automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 automatically opens to discharge the hydrogen in the reactor. By adjusting the opening of the stop valve 1-13 after the pressure relief valve, the hydrogen discharge rate can be controlled to be within the safe flow rate range. The function of the one-way valve 1-14 after the pressure relief valve is to prevent outside air from entering the system. The automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 has another function. When the pressure collected by the reactor pressure transmitter 1-9 exceeds the set safety value (normal hydrogen filling pressure is 3MPa, and the safety value can be set to 3.5MPa), the automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 is opened to release pressure to reduce the system pressure. The manual pressure relief valve 1-11 at the rear end of the air intake is reserved as a safety reserve. When the automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 fails, the manual pressure relief valve 1-11 at the rear end of the air intake can be manually opened to release pressure. The hydrogen system pressure switch 1-6 is designed for safety. The hydrogen system pressure switch 1-6 is not controlled by the control system. If the control system software fails, the reactor pressure will change. Transmitter 1-9 cannot collect data. If the system pressure exceeds the safety value (which can be set to 3.5MPa) at this time, that is, the hydrogen system pressure switch 1-6 exceeds the set pressure (3.5MPa), it can automatically control the automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 to open and relieve pressure; the reactor safety valve 1-8 is designed for safety. When the system is out of control and exceeds the safety relief pressure (which can be set to 4MPa), the hydrogen in the reactor is discharged through the reactor safety valve 1-8; the manual pressure relief valve 1-19 at the front end of the air intake is designed for safety. When the reactor safety valve 1-8 is damaged and cannot be opened, the manual pressure relief valve 1-19 at the front end of the air intake is opened to remove the hydrogen in the pipeline.

[0028] The temperature control section includes an external thermal oil circulation system, which includes a thermal oil tank with a built-in thermal oil system heater 3-1. The tank's outlet is connected to the reactor's oil inlet via an oil inlet pipeline, while the tank's inlet is connected to the reactor's oil outlet via an oil return pipeline. An oil circulation pump 3-2 is installed near the thermal oil tank on the oil inlet pipeline. Along the oil inlet pipeline, along the direction of thermal oil flow, are located an oil pump outlet pressure transmitter 3-3, an oil pump outlet temperature transmitter 3-4, an oil pump outlet check valve 3-5, a thermal oil heat exchanger 3-6, a thermal oil system flowmeter 3-7, an automatic thermal oil main line regulating valve 3-8, and a reactor oil inlet temperature transmitter 3-9. A reactor oil outlet temperature transmitter 3-10 is installed on the return oil pipeline near the reactor's oil outlet. A flow bypass line runs between the oil inlet and return lines. One end of the bypass line connects to the oil inlet and is located between thermal oil heat exchanger 3-6 and thermal oil system flowmeter 3-7. An automatic thermal oil diversion valve 3-11 is installed on the bypass line. The external cooling system heats the thermal oil in thermal oil heat exchanger 3-6 and the hydrogen in hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7. The connection between thermal oil heat exchanger 3-6 and the external cooling system is controlled by automatic on-off valve 4-6 before the thermal oil heat exchanger, while the connection between hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 and the external cooling system is controlled by automatic on-off valve 4-5 before the hydrogen heat exchanger.

[0029] The function of the heating rod 3-1 of the thermal oil system is to heat the thermal oil. The function of the oil pump outlet pressure transmitter 3-3 is to monitor the pressure of the thermal oil system. The function of the oil pump outlet temperature transmitter 3-4 is to monitor the temperature of the thermal oil system. The function of the oil pump outlet check valve 3-5 is to prevent the thermal oil from flowing back during shutdown and impacting the impeller of the oil circulation pump 3-2. The functions of the reactor oil inlet temperature transmitter 3-9 and the reactor oil outlet temperature transmitter 3-10 are to monitor the temperature of the thermal oil entering and flowing out of the reactor, thereby calculating the temperature difference as the basis for controlling the flow rate of the thermal oil.

[0030] This embodiment also discloses a hydrogen charging method for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor. The hydrogen charging method is based on the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system and is performed in the following steps: Step 1: Evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor to make the vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the reactor reach the set vacuum degree; Step 2: Open the hydrogen source automatic switch valve 1-1, and gaseous hydrogen is charged into the inner cavity of the reactor through the hydrogen charging main line; at the same time, start the external heat transfer oil circulation system, and pass the heat transfer oil into each group of heat exchange coils through the oil inlet of the reactor through the oil circulation pump 3-2. The heat transfer oil circulating in each heat exchange coil heats the hydrogen storage material loaded in each hydrogen storage tank, so that the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature, and the hydrogen storage material begins to absorb the gaseous hydrogen charged into the reactor; Step 3: When the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow controller 1-5 reaches the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage material in each hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen source automatic switch valve 1-1 is closed to stop hydrogen charging; at the same time, the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 is started, and the automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12 is opened. The gaseous hydrogen remaining in the inner cavity of the reactor is cooled by the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 and then enters the vent pipeline through the pressure relief bypass pipeline for discharge; Step 4: After the temperature in the inner cavity of the reactor drops to room temperature, the inner cavity of the reactor is vacuumed to discharge the gaseous hydrogen that has not been completely discharged in the inner cavity of the reactor, completing the hydrogen charging operation.

[0031] The specific hydrogen charging process is: Before hydrogen charging, the inner cavity of the reactor is first vacuumed, that is: close the automatic switch pressure relief valve 1-12, open the vacuum automatic switch valve 1-16, vacuum the inner cavity of the reactor, and collect the vacuum value in real time through the vacuum gauge 1-17. When the vacuum degree reaches the set vacuum degree (about 100Pa), close the vacuum automatic switch valve 1-16, and then turn off the vacuum pump 1-18 to end the vacuum process.

[0032] After vacuuming, the hydrogen filling process begins, namely: Open the hydrogen source automatic on-off valve 1-1, and adjust the system hydrogen filling flow rate using the hydrogen flow controller 1-5. Gaseous hydrogen is then introduced into the reactor cavity through the main hydrogen filling line. Simultaneously, turn on the thermal oil system heater 3-1 and oil circulation pump 3-2. Oil circulation pump 3-2 delivers thermal oil through the reactor's oil inlet to each set of heat exchange coils within the reactor. The thermal oil flow rate is regulated by adjusting the opening of the thermal oil main line automatic regulating valve 3-8, and the thermal oil flow rate is read using the thermal oil system flowmeter 3-7. The thermal oil diversion automatic on-off valve 3-11 is used to divert some of the flow when the reactor's required thermal oil flow rate is low, preventing unstable oil flow entering the reactor. The thermal oil temperature is measured using the reactor's oil inlet temperature transmitter 3-9 and the reactor's oil outlet temperature transmitter 3-10. When the thermal oil temperature reaches the hydrogen absorption temperature, the thermal oil is circulated to maintain this temperature. When the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is raised to the hydrogen absorption temperature through the heat exchange coil in the reactor, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material begins to absorb gaseous hydrogen in the reactor. After the hydrogen absorption begins, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material begins to release heat. At this time, the heat transfer oil system heating rod 3-1 is first turned off to stop heating the heat transfer oil, and then the external cooling system is turned on to allow chilled water to flow through the heat transfer oil heat exchanger 3-6. The heat transfer oil temperature is lowered through the heat transfer oil heat exchanger 3-6, and then the heat generated by the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material when absorbing hydrogen is taken away through the heat exchange coil in the reactor.

[0033] When the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by hydrogen flow controller 1-5 reaches the storage capacity of the hydrogen storage materials in each hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen source automatic on-off valve 1-1 is closed, stopping hydrogen filling. Simultaneously, hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 is activated, and automatic on-off pressure relief valve 1-12 is opened to discharge the remaining gaseous hydrogen in the reactor through automatic on-off pressure relief valve 1-12. Because the gaseous hydrogen in the reactor is relatively hot, an external cooling system connected to hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 is activated, allowing chilled water to flow through hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 to cool the hydrogen before it is discharged. During this process, chilled water continues to flow through thermal oil heat exchanger 3-6. When the temperature in the reactor drops to room temperature, the aforementioned vacuum pumping process is repeated to discharge any gaseous hydrogen that cannot be completely discharged. The reactor is then opened and the filled hydrogen storage tanks are removed.

[0034] Example 2 See also Figure 2 In this embodiment, the difference from embodiment 1 lies in the temperature control part. In this embodiment, a chilled water pipeline is added inside the reactor to cool the hydrogen storage tanks in various positions in the reactor cavity.

[0035] The specific structure of the additional chilled water pipeline is as follows: Each location within the reactor is equipped with cooling coils located around the hydrogen storage tank. These coils and heat exchange coils form a staggered double-helix structure. The reactor is also equipped with water inlets and outlets, which supply chilled water to each set of cooling coils and drain the water from each set of cooling coils. These inlets and outlets are connected to an external chilled water circulation system.

[0036] The external chilled water circulation system includes a cold water tank, the outlet of the cold water tank is connected to the water inlet of the reactor through an inlet pipe, and the inlet of the cold water tank is connected to the water outlet of the reactor through a return pipe. The inlet pipe is provided with a chilled water pump 4-1, a chilled water system one-way valve 4-2, a chilled water pump outlet pressure transmitter 4-3, a chilled water pump outlet temperature transmitter 4-4, a chilled water system flow meter 4-7 and a reactor cold water inlet automatic regulating valve 4-8 in sequence along the direction of water flow.

[0037] Chilled water pump outlet pressure transmitter 4-3 monitors the chilled water system pressure, while chilled water pump outlet temperature transmitter 4-4 monitors the chilled water system temperature. Chilled water system check valve 4-2 prevents chilled water from backflowing during shutdown and impacting the impeller of chilled water pump 4-1. Chilled water system flowmeter 4-7 controls the flow of chilled water into the reactor, thereby controlling the reactor's cooling rate.

[0038] In this embodiment, the external heat transfer oil circulation system and the external chilled water circulation system are two independent systems. The external heat transfer oil circulation system is used to control the temperature rise of the reactor cavity, and the external chilled water circulation system is used to control the temperature drop of the reactor cavity.

[0039] The refrigerant inlet and outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 are connected to an external chilled water circulation system, and chilled water is circulated into the refrigerant pipe of the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7 through the external chilled water circulation system to exchange heat and cool the hydrogen in the pipe of the hydrogen heat exchanger 1-7.

[0040] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, characterized in that: A hydrogen storage tank is placed in each placement position in the inner cavity of the reactor, and a heat exchange coil is provided at each placement position on the periphery of the hydrogen storage tank. The reactor is provided with an oil inlet, an oil outlet, a gas charging interface, a reactor pressure transmitter interface, and a reactor temperature transmitter interface. Oil is supplied to each group of heat exchange coils in the reactor through the oil inlet, and the oil in each group of heat exchange coils is discharged through the oil outlet; The hydrogen charging system includes a hydrogen charging part, a temperature control part, and a safety protection part; The hydrogen charging part includes a hydrogen charging main line, the inlet end of the hydrogen charging main line is connected to the hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the hydrogen charging main line is connected to the charging interface of the reactor. A hydrogen source automatic switch valve (1-1), a hydrogen flow controller (1-5), and a hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7) are sequentially provided on the hydrogen charging main line along the air flow direction; The temperature control part includes an external heat transfer oil circulation system, which includes a heat transfer oil tank with a heat transfer oil system heating rod (3-1) therein, the outlet of the heat transfer oil tank is connected to the oil inlet of the reactor through an oil inlet pipeline, and the inlet of the heat transfer oil tank is connected to the oil outlet of the reactor through an oil return pipeline, an oil circulation pump (3-2) is provided on the oil inlet pipeline near the heat transfer oil tank, a heat transfer oil system flow meter (3-7) is provided on the oil inlet pipeline, a flow bypass pipeline is provided across the oil inlet pipeline and the return oil pipeline, one end of the flow bypass pipeline is connected to the oil inlet pipeline and is located between the oil circulation pump (3-2) and the heat transfer oil system flow meter (3-7), and a heat transfer oil diversion automatic switch valve (3-11) is provided on the flow bypass pipeline; The safety protection part includes a reactor safety valve (1-8) arranged on the reactor, the reactor safety valve (1-8) is externally connected to a venting pipeline, a pressure relief bypass pipeline is arranged across the venting pipeline and the hydrogen charging main pipeline, one end of the pressure relief bypass pipeline is connected to the hydrogen charging main pipeline and is located between the hydrogen flow controller (1-5) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7), and an automatic switch pressure relief valve (1-12), a stop valve (1-13) after the pressure relief valve and a one-way valve (1-14) after the pressure relief valve are arranged in sequence along the air flow direction on the pressure relief bypass pipeline.

2. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen source pressure transmitter (1-3) and a hydrogen source temperature transmitter (1-4) are provided on the hydrogen filling main line at a position between the hydrogen source automatic switch valve (1-1) and the hydrogen flow controller (1-5), and a hydrogen system pressure switch (1-6) is provided on the hydrogen filling main line at a position between the hydrogen flow controller (1-5) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7).

3. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vent pipeline is provided with an intake front end pressure relief bypass pipeline and an intake rear end pressure relief bypass pipeline at upstream and downstream locations of the pressure relief bypass pipeline, respectively. The other end of the intake front end pressure relief bypass pipeline is connected to the hydrogen filling main pipeline and is located between the hydrogen source temperature transmitter (1-4) and the hydrogen flow controller (1-5). The other end of the intake rear end pressure relief bypass pipeline is connected to the hydrogen filling main pipeline and is located between the hydrogen system pressure switch (1-6) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7). The intake front end pressure relief bypass pipeline is provided with an intake front end manual pressure relief valve (1-19), and the intake rear end pressure relief bypass pipeline is provided with an intake rear end manual pressure relief valve (1-11).

4. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil pump outlet pressure transmitter (3-3), an oil pump outlet temperature transmitter (3-4), and an oil pump outlet check valve (3-5) are sequentially provided on the oil inlet pipeline at a location between the oil circulation pump (3-2) and the heat transfer oil system flow meter (3-7) along the flow direction of the heat transfer oil. A heat transfer oil main line automatic regulating valve (3-8) and a reactor oil inlet temperature transmitter (3-9) are sequentially provided on the oil inlet pipeline at a location downstream of the heat transfer oil system flow meter (3-7) along the flow direction of the heat transfer oil. A reactor oil outlet temperature transmitter (3-10) is provided on the oil return pipeline at a location close to the reactor oil outlet.

5. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A thermal oil heat exchanger (3-6) is further provided on the oil inlet pipeline at a position between the oil pump outlet one-way valve (3-5) and the thermal oil system flow meter (3-7), and the thermal oil in the thermal oil heat exchanger (3-6) pipeline is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction via an external cooling system.

6. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each placement position in the reactor is also provided with a cooling coil located on the periphery of the hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling coil and the heat exchange coil form a double helical tube structure arranged in an interlaced manner; The reactor is also provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, through which chilled water is supplied to each group of cooling coils in the reactor, and the water in each group of cooling coils is discharged through the water outlet; the water inlet and water outlet of the reactor are connected to an external chilled water circulation system.

7. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The external chilled water circulation system comprises a cold water tank, the outlet of the cold water tank is connected to the water inlet of the reactor through a water inlet pipe, the inlet of the cold water tank is connected to the water outlet of the reactor through a return pipe, and a chilled water pump (4-1), a chilled water system one-way valve (4-2), a chilled water pump outlet pressure transmitter (4-3), a chilled water pump outlet temperature transmitter (4-4) and a reactor cold water inlet automatic regulating valve (4-8) are sequentially provided on the water inlet pipe along the direction of water flow.

8. A hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The refrigerant inlet and outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7) are externally connected to an external chilled water circulation system, and chilled water is circulated into the refrigerant pipeline of the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7) through the external chilled water circulation system.

9. The hydrogen charging system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vacuum line is connected to the hydrogen charging main line at a location between the hydrogen flow controller (1-5) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7); the end of the vacuum line is connected to a vacuum pump (1-18); and a vacuum filter (1-15), a vacuum automatic switch valve (1-16), and a vacuum gauge (1-17) are sequentially provided on the vacuum line along the vacuum direction. A purge pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen charging line at a location between the hydrogen source automatic switch valve (1-1) and the hydrogen flow controller (1-5); the end of the purge pipeline is connected to a nitrogen source; and a nitrogen purge manual valve (2-2) and a nitrogen purge check valve (2-1) are sequentially provided on the purge pipeline along the direction of the airflow.

10. A method for charging a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, characterized in that: The hydrogen charging method is based on the hydrogen charging system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the hydrogen charging method is performed according to the following steps: Step 1: Evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor to make the vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the reactor reach the set vacuum degree; Step 2: Open the hydrogen source automatic switch valve (1-1), and gaseous hydrogen is charged into the inner cavity of the reactor through the hydrogen charging main line; at the same time, start the external heat transfer oil circulation system, and pass the heat transfer oil through the oil inlet of the reactor into each group of heat exchange coils through the oil circulation pump (3-2). The heat transfer oil circulating in each heat exchange coil heats the hydrogen storage material filled in each hydrogen storage tank, so that the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature, and the hydrogen storage material begins to absorb the gaseous hydrogen charged into the reactor; Step 3: When the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow controller (1-5) reaches the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage material in each hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen source automatic switch valve (1-1) is closed to stop hydrogen charging; at the same time, the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7) is started, and the automatic switch pressure relief valve (1-12) is opened. The gaseous hydrogen remaining in the inner cavity of the reactor is cooled by the hydrogen heat exchanger (1-7) and then enters the venting pipeline through the pressure relief bypass pipeline for discharge; Step 4: After the temperature in the inner cavity of the reactor drops to room temperature, the inner cavity of the reactor is evacuated to discharge the gaseous hydrogen that has not been completely discharged in the inner cavity of the reactor, completing the hydrogen charging operation.

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