Wave energy array development site selection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wave energy array development site selection method, which belongs to the field of wave energy development and utilization, and comprises the following steps of: 1) processing geographical distribution data by utilizing a GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis method to obtain a limited development area graph layer; and 2) constructing an evaluation index system of wave energy array development site selection, and carrying out standardization processing to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result. And 3) calculating an offshore distance, and generating a refined developable range layer. And 4) carrying out wave direction statistical analysis in the developable range to obtain an array development range. And 5) on the basis of determining the array development range of the target sea area, determining a potential development site. 6, quantitative analysis and trend analysis of the array development capability are carried out with the potential development site as the center point, and the key development site is determined.According to the method, multi-dimensional evaluation indexes such as environment compatibility, resource endowment, technical feasibility and economic rationality are integrated, and a scientific basis is provided for array development site selection of the wave power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wave energy development and utilization technology, in particular to a wave energy array development site selection method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the economy and society, the consumption of fossil fuels such as coal and oil has increased, causing serious ecological pollution. Developing renewable energy sources such as ocean energy, solar energy, and wind energy, and increasing the proportion of clean energy, is a key measure to address energy shortages and environmental pollution. Wave energy, with its advantages of high energy density and wide distribution, has been widely researched and applied both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, wave energy is unstable and has seasonal and regional variations. Therefore, assessing the development potential and stability of wave energy resources and scientifically defining the scope of wave energy resource development can provide important data support for the site selection of wave energy power stations.

[0004] Chinese patent CN118396433A discloses a method for site selection for joint ocean energy development, including: 1) determining the latitude and longitude range of the simulation area and gridding it, using ERA5 reanalysis wind field data to drive the SWAN wave numerical model to obtain wave field data. 2) determining evaluation indicators for joint wind and wave development, primarily including resource reserves, resource stability, resource complementarity, and natural conditions. 3) standardizing each indicator and calculating its weight using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). 4) calculating the joint wind and wave development coefficient and creating a cloud map. 5) Based on the cloud map, potential development areas are delineated, and representative test points are selected within each area. Cross-spectral analysis is used to compare and select the optimal sites for joint wind and wave development. This patent establishes a systematic evaluation indicator system for joint wind and wave development and uses cross-spectral analysis to identify optimal development sites, proposing a comprehensive framework for optimizing site selection for joint wind and wave development. However, there are the following shortcomings: (1) The patent focuses on the combined development of wind and waves and does not provide a systematic method for site selection for wave energy array development; (2) Although an evaluation index system has been established, it lacks relevant content for pre-processing the research area based on exclusion indicators.

[0005] Chinese patent CN116341952A discloses a method for evaluating the joint development of ocean wind and wave resources, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting wind energy resource data and wave energy resource data of the sea area to be evaluated, and determining the power data of wind energy and wave energy according to the wind energy resource data and the wave energy resource data; 2) determining the stability of wind energy and wave energy according to the wind energy resource data and the wave energy resource data; 3) determining the correlation between wind energy and wave energy, and the complementarity of wind energy and wave energy according to the wind energy resource data and the wave energy resource data; and 4) determining the potential level of joint development of offshore wind energy and wave energy according to the stability, correlation and complementarity of wind energy and wave energy. The patent proposes an evaluation framework for joint development of ocean energy based on resource stability, correlation and complementarity, which provides method support for quantitative evaluation of joint development potential. However, there are the following shortcomings: (1) the research level mainly stays at potential evaluation, lacking specific site selection and in-depth quantitative analysis; (2) the complete process from macro constraint condition screening to refined site selection is not established; and (3) the research focus is concentrated on resource evaluation, without considering the engineering technical requirements involved in array development. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a wave energy array development site selection method, which innovatively constructs a wave energy array development site selection comprehensive evaluation model based on a geographical information system (GIS). The model breaks through the limitations of traditional site selection methods, systematically integrates multi-dimensional evaluation indexes such as environmental compatibility, resource endowment, technical feasibility and economic rationality, and provides a scientific basis for the array development site selection of wave energy power stations.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A wave energy array development site selection method, comprising: 1) using the spatial analysis method of GIS to process geographical distribution data, excluding the constraint area, water depth and off-shore distance unsuitable area, and the area with excessively high or low wave height, to obtain a restricted development area layer; 2) constructing an evaluation index system for wave energy array development site selection, and performing standardization processing, weighting and summing each index to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result; 3) calculating the off-shore distance, and excluding the area with low comprehensive evaluation result and the restricted development area in the area less than the set threshold value, to generate a refined developable range layer; 4) carrying out wave direction statistical analysis in the developable range, and excluding the area with excessively dispersed wave direction distribution, to further obtain an array development range; 5) Based on the clear scope of array development in the target sea area, conduct research on the selection of wave energy array development sites and identify potential development sites; 6) With potential development sites as the center point, rationally delineate development areas, conduct quantitative analysis and trend analysis of array development capabilities, and identify key development sites.

[0008] In step 2), the evaluation indicators include wave power density, proportion of available wave height, coefficient of variation and monthly variation index, and the weight of each indicator is calculated using the hierarchical analysis method.

[0009] In step 3), the offshore distance is calculated using the Haversine formula: The offshore distance D is calculated using the Haversine formula: , Δ φ=φ 2 - f 1 , Δ λ=λ 2 - l 1 , in, r is the radius of the Earth, f 1 and f 2 are the latitudes of the two points (in radians), l 1 and l 2 are the longitudes of the two points in radians.

[0010] In the step 4), first, a statistical analysis is performed on the wave direction in the target sea area, and the wave direction is divided into N, NNE, NE and other directions, and each wave direction interval is 22.5°. The frequency of the main wave direction is counted, and the wave direction area below the set threshold is excluded from the development range. At the same time, the frequency difference and direction difference between the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction are further calculated. For areas where the frequency difference is less than the threshold and the direction difference is greater than the threshold, they are also excluded from the development range, and the array development range is further obtained. The area where the wave direction is concentrated is retained to provide favorable conditions for the array arrangement of the device. The exclusion condition can be expressed as: , in, P m The frequency of the main wave direction, P s is the frequency of the secondary main wave direction, P th,m is the frequency threshold of the main wave direction, Pth,d a frequency difference threshold of the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction, i m a central angle of the main wave direction, i s a central angle of the secondary main wave direction, i th,d a central angle difference threshold of the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction. The threshold is determined by statistical analysis of wave directions in the target sea area.

[0011] On this basis, the ocean environmental dynamic resources are coupled with the reconstructed energy concentration structure, the reflection and transmission characteristics are considered, the small-scale simulation is carried out for the array development range, the limitations of pure resource evaluation are solved, and the resource characteristics of the reconstructed wave field are further evaluated. In the SWAN model, by setting different combinations of reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients for the energy concentration structure, the actual gain effect of the energy concentration structure on the wave energy resources under each combination condition is systematically analyzed. Thus, the energy gain response mapping relationship from the laboratory condition to the complex actual sea state is constructed, which provides a quantitative basis for actual engineering design. Since the research focuses on the improvement effect of wave energy resources within the influence range of the energy concentration structure, the absolute size of the energy concentration structure has little effect on the research conclusion, so the interference caused by the size factor can be ignored in the analysis.

[0012] The energy gain is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the change rate of wave power density before and after the energy concentration structure is placed. The energy gain coefficient β is calculated by the formula: , wherein, P wave,e is the wave power density after the energy concentration structure is placed, P wave,s is the wave power density without the energy concentration structure.

[0013] In step 5), first, according to the number of wave energy conversion devices to be arranged, the spatial scale of array arrangement is determined. Considering the reconstruction effect of the energy concentration structure on the local wave field, the actual theoretical reserves of wave energy resources are calculated, and the calculation formula is: P a = (1+ β ) P wave B， wherein, P a is the actual theoretical reserves, B is the width of array arrangement, P wave is the wave power density.

[0014] By comparing the scale layout, energy conversion efficiency and wave field resource reconstruction distribution characteristics of typical wave energy device arrays, the key parameter indicators and site selection criteria for array development are determined, a spatial analysis model is constructed, and an array development evaluation index ψ is proposed. The calculation formula is: , Where, P r is the lower limit of the required installed capacity for array layout, or Energy conversion efficiency of the array arrangement.

[0015] Within the array development scope, potential development sites that meet minimum installed capacity requirements are screened by calculating array development evaluation indicators. This screening criterion not only meets the basic requirements for resource development scale but also prioritizes areas with high resource conversion efficiency and outstanding economic benefits. Ultimately, the selected sites will demonstrate significant resource advantages and development potential, providing a scientific basis and key decision support for subsequent detailed design and implementation, while ensuring the sustainability and economic rationale of the development project.

[0016] In step 6), the spectrum width index is used to quantitatively analyze the wave energy array development capability to further clarify the resource potential of the selected area. , Where, e 0 represents the spectrum width, m y For wave spectrum y moment, m 0 is the 0th-order moment of the wave spectrum, m -1 is the -1 moment of the wave spectrum, m -2 is the -2 moment of the wave spectrum, S is the spectrum, f is the frequency, Δ f is the frequency interval, N is the number of parts into which the frequency is discretized.

[0017] Spectral width is a key indicator used to characterize the diffusion characteristics of wave energy in the frequency distribution. By calculating and comparing the spectral width of each potential development area, we can further verify and refine the resource development potential of each area.

[0018] Conduct a long-term trend analysis of significant wave height in each potential development area. Trend analysis focuses on predicting future changes in resources and helps assess the future sustainable development potential of each area. The analysis method is: (1) Theil-Sen Median Trend Analysis: Theil-Sen Median method, also known as Sen slope estimation, is a robust nonparametric statistical trend calculation method. Its calculation method is: , in, n is the number of samples, H s is the effective wave height, M Refers to the median of the slopes of n(n-1) / 2 data combinations, and Median represents the calculated median; (2) Mann-Kendall test: The Mann-Kendall test is a nonparametric time series trend test method that does not require the measured values ​​to follow a normal distribution and is not affected by missing values ​​and outliers. The Mann-Kendall test is suitable for trend significance testing of long time series data. The test process includes determining the random arrangement of the data in the sequence and whether there is a significant upward or downward trend. The test statistic S m The calculation formula takes into account the size relationship between data pairs and uses a bilateral trend test to determine the significance of the trend. Its test statistic S m The calculation method is: , Where sgn is the sign function: , When the statistic S m When the sequence obeys the normal distribution and does not consider the existence of equal-valued data points, its mean is 0 and the variance of the statistic is calculated by the following formula: , Using the test statistic K Perform trend test, the calculation method is: , By applying a two-tailed test, for a specified confidence level α The significance of the trend can be assessed; , indicating that the time series is at the confidence level α There is a significant trend in When the values ​​are greater than 1.65, 1.96 and 2.58 respectively, it means that the trend has passed the significance test of 90%, 95% and 99% confidence level respectively; this method gives the confidence level α is 0.05 and the threshold is 1.96.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) GIS spatial analysis methods were used to exclude restricted areas, areas with unsuitable water depths and offshore distances, and areas with excessively high or low wave heights. This achieved integrated processing of multi-dimensional constraints and laid a solid foundation for subsequent refined analysis. 2) Introducing a wave direction statistical analysis method, through quantitative analysis of the frequency distribution characteristics of the main and secondary wave directions, systematically identifying and retaining dominant areas of wave direction concentration, thus providing more favorable marine dynamic environment conditions for the array layout of wave energy devices; 3) By coupling the reflection and transmission characteristics of the energy-gathering structure with the SWAN wave numerical model, the team achieved prediction and assessment of energy gain effects from laboratory conditions to complex sea conditions. This overcomes the technical limitation of pure resource assessment, which cannot consider the impact of the device. This provides a reliable theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering application of energy-gathering structures and the prediction of array development effects. 4) Combined with the number of wave energy devices to be deployed and the spatial scale requirements, the entire process from regional screening to specific site determination was optimized. On the basis of meeting the minimum installed capacity requirements, sites with high resource conversion efficiency and outstanding economic benefits were given priority, providing a scientific site selection method and decision support tool for large-scale wave energy development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is the wave power density in the embodiment of the present invention without the energy-gathering structure; Figure 2 The wave power density of the energy-gathering structure in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows; Figure 3 is the energy gain ratio in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The wave height variation trend of the potential development area 1 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the wave height change trend of the potential development area 2 in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0022] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for understanding and reading by those familiar with this technology. They are not used to limit the conditions for implementation of the present invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose of the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0023] The simulation area of ​​the embodiment has a latitude and longitude range of 117°E-127°E and a grid resolution of 35°N-41°N. The grid uses a rectangular grid with a grid resolution of . The wave field simulation is driven by the SWAN wave numerical model using ERA5 reanalysis wind field data, and wave parameters for the entire year from March 1, 2023 to February 29, 2024 are obtained. In combination with the method proposed in the present invention, a study on the site selection for wave energy array development is conducted: Utilizing GIS spatial analysis methods, restricted areas, areas with unsuitable water depths and offshore distances, and areas with excessively high or low wave heights were eliminated to create a restricted development area layer. Specifically, the restricted areas were designed to fully consider the marine spatial planning requirements of Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, and Liaoning Provinces. Based on relevant planning documents, key functional areas such as ecological protection areas and shipping corridors were initially excluded to avoid adverse impacts on ecosystems and shipping safety, ensuring that project layout was aligned with the regional marine functional positioning.

[0024] An evaluation index system for wave energy array development site selection was constructed, primarily including wave power density, the proportion of usable wave height, the coefficient of variation, and the monthly variation index, and standardized. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the weights of each index were calculated to be 0.466, 0.254, 0.175, and 0.105, respectively. A weighted summation was performed to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result.

[0025] Calculate the distance from shore using the Haversine formula: , Δ φ=φ 2 - f 1 , Δ λ=λ 2 - l 1 , in, r is the radius of the Earth, f 1 and f 2 are the latitudes of the two points (in radians), l 1 and l 2 are the longitudes of the two points in radians.

[0026] In this embodiment, the offshore distance threshold is set to 50 km. In areas smaller than the threshold, areas with low comprehensive evaluation results and restricted development areas are excluded to generate a refined developable range layer.

[0027] A statistical analysis of the wave direction in the target sea area is performed, and the wave direction is divided into N, NNE, NE and other directions, with each wave direction interval being 22.5°. The frequency of the main wave direction is counted, and the wave direction area with less than 15% is excluded from the development range. At the same time, the frequency difference and direction difference between the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction are further calculated. For areas with a frequency difference of less than 4% and a direction difference of more than 90°, they are also excluded from the development range, and the array development range is further obtained. The areas with concentrated wave directions are retained to provide favorable conditions for the array layout of the device. The exclusion condition can be expressed as: , in, P m The frequency of the main wave direction, P s is the frequency of the secondary main wave direction, P th,m is the frequency threshold of the main wave direction, P th,d The frequency difference threshold between the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction, i m The angle of the main wave to the center, i s is the angle of the secondary main wave to the center, i th,d The threshold value for the central angle difference between the main wave direction and the secondary wave direction is determined by statistical analysis of the wave direction in the target sea area.

[0028] On this basis, the dynamic resources of the marine environment are coupled with the reconstructed energy-gathering structure, and the reflection and transmission characteristics are taken into account. Small-scale simulations are carried out for the array development range to overcome the limitations of pure resource assessment and further evaluate the resource characteristics of the reconstructed wave field. In the SWAN model, by setting different combinations of reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients for the energy-gathering structure, the actual gain effect of the energy-gathering structure on wave energy resources under various combination conditions is systematically analyzed. In this way, a mapping relationship of energy gain response from laboratory conditions to complex actual sea conditions is constructed, providing a quantitative basis for actual engineering design. Given that the research focuses on the effect of enhancing wave energy resources within the influence range of the energy-gathering structure, the absolute size of the energy-gathering structure has little effect on the research conclusions, and therefore the interference caused by the size factor can be ignored in the analysis.

[0029] Energy gain is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the rate of change of wave power density before and after the placement of the energy-gathering structure to improve the effect of array development, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that when the wave focusing structure is not placed, the wave power density in the selected area is about 6kW / m. After the wave focusing structure is placed, the maximum wave power density within the influence range of the wave focusing structure is as high as 10kW / m, and the energy gain ratio is basically between 20% and 60%. The calculation formula of the energy gain coefficient is: β The calculation formula is: , in, P wave,e is the wave power density after the energy-gathering structure is placed, P wave,s is the wave power density without energy-gathering structure.

[0030] Based on the number of wave energy conversion devices to be deployed, the spatial scale of the array layout is determined. Considering the reconstruction effect of the energy-gathering structure on the local wave field, the actual theoretical reserves of wave energy resources are calculated using the following formula: P a =(1+ β ) P wave B， in, P a is the actual theoretical reserve, B is the width of the array layout, P wave is the wave power density.

[0031] By comparing the scale layout, energy conversion efficiency and wave field resource reconstruction distribution characteristics of typical wave energy device arrays, the key parameter indicators and site selection criteria for array development are determined, a spatial analysis model is constructed, and an array development evaluation index ψ is proposed. The calculation formula is: , Where, P r is the lower limit of the required installed capacity for array layout, or Energy conversion efficiency of the array arrangement.

[0032] Within the array development scope, potential development sites that meet minimum installed capacity requirements are screened by calculating array development evaluation indicators. This screening criterion not only meets the basic requirements for resource development scale but also prioritizes areas with high resource conversion efficiency and outstanding economic benefits. Ultimately, the selected sites will demonstrate significant resource advantages and development potential, providing a scientific basis and key decision support for subsequent detailed design and implementation, while ensuring the sustainability and economic rationale of the development project.

[0033] Based on the above analysis, two areas with high development potential were selected in the study area. Table 1 lists the geographical coordinate information of these two potential development areas.

[0034] Table 1 Geographic coordinate information of potential development areas area 经度 range latitude range 1 122.85°-122.90°E 37.35°-37.40°N 2 121.50°-121.55°E 36.15°-36.20°N The spectrum width index is used to quantitatively analyze the wave energy array development capabilities to further clarify the resource potential of the selected area.

[0035] , Where, e 0 represents the spectrum width, m y For wave spectrum y moment, m 0 is the 0th-order moment of the wave spectrum, m -1 is the -1 moment of the wave spectrum, m -2 is the -2 moment of the wave spectrum, S is the spectrum, f is the frequency, Δ f is the frequency interval, N is the number of parts into which the frequency is discretized.

[0036] Spectral width is a key indicator used to characterize the diffusion characteristics of wave energy in the frequency distribution. By calculating and comparing the spectral width of each potential development area, we can further verify and refine the resource development potential of each area.

[0037] Conduct a long-term trend analysis of the significant wave height in each potential development area. Trend analysis focuses on predicting future changes in resources and helps assess the future sustainable development potential of each region, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 The analysis method is: (1) Theil-Sen Median Trend Analysis: Theil-Sen Median method, also known as Sen slope estimation, is a robust nonparametric statistical trend calculation method. Its calculation method is: , in, n is the number of samples, H s is the effective wave height, M Refers to the median of the slopes of n(n-1) / 2 data combinations. Median represents the calculated median.

[0038] (2) Mann-Kendall test: The Mann-Kendall test is a nonparametric time series trend test method that does not require the measured values ​​to follow a normal distribution and is not affected by missing values ​​and outliers. The Mann-Kendall test is suitable for trend significance testing of long time series data. The test process includes determining the random arrangement of the data in the sequence and whether there is a significant upward or downward trend. The test statistic S m The calculation formula takes into account the size relationship between data pairs and uses a bilateral trend test to determine the significance of the trend. Its test statistic S m The calculation method is: , Where sgn is the sign function: , When the statistic S m When the sequence obeys the normal distribution and does not consider the existence of equal-valued data points, its mean is 0 and the variance of the statistic is calculated by the following formula: , Using the test statistic K Perform trend test, the calculation method is: , By applying a two-tailed test, for a specified confidence level α The significance of the trend can be assessed; , indicating that the time series is at the confidence level α There is a significant trend in When the values ​​are greater than 1.65, 1.96 and 2.58 respectively, it means that the trend has passed the significance test of 90%, 95% and 99% confidence level respectively; this method gives the confidence level α is 0.05 and the threshold is 1.96.

[0039] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings, but is not a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application without creative labor are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for site selection for wave energy array development, characterized in that: include: (1) Using GIS spatial analysis methods to process geographic distribution data, we can exclude restricted areas, areas with unsuitable water depth and offshore distance, and areas with excessively high or low wave heights, and obtain a restricted development area layer; (2) Construct an evaluation index system for wave energy array development site selection, perform standardization, and perform weighted summation of each index to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result; (3) Calculate the offshore distance and, within the area below the set threshold, exclude areas with low comprehensive evaluation results and restricted development areas to generate a refined developable range layer; (4) Conduct statistical analysis of wave direction within the developable area, exclude areas where wave direction distribution is too dispersed, and further obtain the array development area; (5) Based on the clear scope of array development in the target sea area, conduct research on the selection of wave energy array development sites and identify potential development sites; (6) With the potential development site as the center point, rationally delineate the development area, conduct quantitative analysis and trend analysis of array development capabilities, and determine key development sites.

2. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the evaluation indicators include wave power density, proportion of available wave height, coefficient of variation and monthly variation index, and the weight of each indicator is calculated using the hierarchical analysis method.

3. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the offshore distance D is calculated using the Haversine formula: ， D φ=φ 2 - φ 1 , D λ=λ 2 - λ 1 , in, r is the radius of the Earth, φ 1 and φ 2 are the latitudes of the two points in radians, λ 1 and λ 2 are the longitudes of the two points in radians.

4. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), first, a statistical analysis is performed on the wave direction in the target sea area, and the wave direction is divided by direction, with each wave direction interval being 22.5 degrees; the frequency of the main wave direction is counted, and the wave direction area below the set threshold is excluded from the developable range; at the same time, the frequency difference and direction difference between the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction are further calculated, and the area with a frequency difference less than the threshold and a direction difference greater than the threshold is also excluded from the developable range, and the array development range is further obtained; the area with concentrated wave direction is retained to provide favorable conditions for the array arrangement of the device.

5. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exclusion condition is expressed as: ， in, P m The frequency of the main wave direction, P s is the frequency of the secondary main wave direction, P th,m is the frequency threshold of the main wave direction, P th,d The frequency difference threshold between the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction, θ m The angle of the main wave to the center, θ s is the angle of the secondary main wave to the center, θ th,d The threshold for the center angle difference between the main wave direction and the secondary main wave direction.

6. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: By coupling the ocean environment's dynamic resources with the reconstructed energy-gathering structure, in the SWAN model, different combinations of reflection and transmission coefficients are set for the energy-gathering structure to systematically analyze the actual gain effect of the energy-gathering structure on wave energy resources under various combinations. This allows for a mapping of energy gain responses from laboratory conditions to complex actual sea conditions, providing a quantitative basis for actual engineering design. Energy gain is a quantitative evaluation of the improvement effect of array development by comparing the rate of change of wave power density before and after the placement of the energy-gathering structure; the energy gain coefficient β The calculation formula is: , in, P wave,e is the wave power density after the energy-gathering structure is placed, P wave,s is the wave power density without energy-gathering structure.

7. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (5), first, the spatial scale of the array layout is determined based on the number of wave energy conversion devices to be deployed; considering the reconstruction effect of the energy-gathering structure on the local wave field, the actual theoretical reserves of wave energy resources are calculated, and the calculation formula is: P a =（1+ β ） P wave B， in, P a is the actual theoretical reserve, B is the width of the array layout, P wave is the wave power density.

8. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: By comparing the scale layout, energy conversion efficiency and wave field resource reconstruction distribution characteristics of typical wave energy device arrays, the key parameter indicators and site selection criteria for array development are determined, a spatial analysis model is constructed, and an array development evaluation index ψ is proposed. The calculation formula is: ， Where, P r is the lower limit of the required installed capacity for array layout, η energy conversion efficiency for array arrangements; Within the scope of array development, potential development sites that meet the minimum installed capacity requirements are screened out by calculating array development evaluation indicators.

9. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the spectrum width index is used to quantitatively analyze the wave energy array development capability to further clarify the resource potential of the selected area; , Where, ε 0 represents the spectrum width, m y For wave spectrum y moment, m 0 is the 0th-order moment of the wave spectrum, m -1 is the -1 moment of the wave spectrum, m -2 is the -2 moment of the wave spectrum, S is the spectrum, f is the frequency, Δ f is the frequency interval, N is the number of parts into which the frequency is discretized.

10. The wave energy array development site selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the trend analysis method is: (1) Theil-Sen Median Trend Analysis: The calculation method is: , in, n is the number of samples, H s is the effective wave height, M Refers to the median of the slopes of n(n-1) / 2 data combinations, and Median represents the calculated median; (2) Mann-Kendall test: Its test statistic S m The calculation method is: , Where sgn is the sign function: , When the statistic S m When the sequence obeys the normal distribution and does not consider the existence of equal-valued data points, its mean is 0 and the variance of the statistic is calculated by the following formula: , Using the test statistic K Perform trend test, the calculation method is: , By applying a two-tailed test, for a specified confidence level α The significance of the trend can be assessed; , indicating that the time series is at the confidence level α There is a significant trend in When the values ​​are greater than 1.65, 1.96 and 2.58 respectively, it means that the trend has passed the significance test of 90%, 95% and 99% confidence level respectively; this method gives the confidence level α is 0.05 and the threshold is 1.96.

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