Intelligent rock supporting method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent rock supporting method, and belongs to the technical field of rock supporting, and the intelligent rock supporting method comprises the steps that rock mass dynamic data are obtained through a rock mass stress sensor, a displacement sensor and environment monitoring equipment, and the rock mass dynamic data comprise rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity; rock mass stress distribution is calculated based on rock mass dynamic data, and weak area coordinates and stress gradients are obtained; based on the weak area coordinates and the stress gradient, an optimal solution set of the anchor rod length, the pre-tightening force and the supporting plate thickness in the next construction is generated; and according to the optimization instruction, the work of the intelligent supporting device is dynamically adjusted, and the iterative optimization process is circulated until the construction is finished. Through the steps, the supporting scheme of the next supporting can be automatically adjusted according to the change of the rock mass stress after each supporting construction, so that the dynamic supporting scheme change of the stress state of the dynamically changed rock mass is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rock support, and in particular relates to an intelligent rock support method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the main technical means of rock support and reinforcement include anchor bolting, shotcrete support, and composite support. These methods typically rely on manually designed support parameters and are significantly constrained by field experience and the actual geological environment. Furthermore, the rock reinforcement process lacks real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment capabilities, making it impossible to optimize support design based on the actual stress distribution and displacement changes in the rock mass. This leads to the following problems: Rock mass stability is difficult to predict, and rock mass stress state and displacement data cannot be obtained in real time. It is difficult to dynamically adjust the support scheme during the support construction process, and the system has poor adaptability to the ever-changing rock mass mechanical conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a method for intelligent rock support, including: Obtain rock mass dynamic data using rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors, and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, and temperature and humidity. Calculating rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining weak area coordinates and stress gradients; Based on the coordinates of the weak area and the stress gradient, an optimal solution set of anchor rod length, preload force, and support plate thickness in the next construction is generated; According to the optimization instructions, the operation of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is repeated until the construction is completed.

[0004] In other embodiments, before obtaining rock mass dynamic data including rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the following steps are further included: The support construction area is used as the construction area; In the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data in the construction area; The step of calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradient includes calculating the rock mass stress in the construction area; In the process of dynamically adjusting the operation of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instruction and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the dynamic adjustment of the operation of the intelligent support device includes adjusting the specific parameters of the current construction of the intelligent support device in the construction area.

[0005] In other embodiments, the intelligent support device includes an anchor drill, and the anchor drill is provided with a laser positioning system; The specific parameters of the current construction of the intelligent support device in the construction area are adjusted, including: after locating the coordinate point of the weak area and verifying the drill rod angle through the laser positioning system, guiding the anchor drill to complete the drilling of the rod at the corresponding position in the construction area.

[0006] In other embodiments, before obtaining rock mass dynamic data including rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the following steps are further included: The area where support construction has been completed and support structure has been formed is regarded as the support area; In the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data of the support area; The step of calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradient includes calculating the rock mass stress in the support area; In the process of dynamically adjusting the work of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the work of the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent support device includes adjusting the specific support parameters of the intelligent support device in the support area.

[0007] In other embodiments, the intelligent support device includes a hydraulic support plate, which includes a multi-section support plate composed of a plurality of sub-plates and a hydraulic cylinder connected to each sub-plate; The specific support parameters of the intelligent support device in the support area are adjusted as follows: automatically adjusting the stroke of the back hydraulic cylinder according to instructions so that the sub-plate connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is close to or away from the rock mass.

[0008] In other embodiments, before obtaining rock mass dynamic data including rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the following steps are further included: The area in the rock mass where the next construction is to be carried out and the area outside the area where the construction has been completed and the support structure has been formed are regarded as the affected area; In the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data in the affected area; The step of calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradient includes calculating the rock mass stress in the affected area; In the process of dynamically adjusting the work of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the work of the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent support device includes planning the area for the next construction according to the stress distribution in the affected area.

[0009] In other embodiments, before obtaining rock mass dynamic data including rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the following steps are further included: The support construction area is regarded as the construction area, the area where the support construction has been completed and the support structure has been formed is regarded as the support area, and the area of ​​the rock mass other than the construction area and the support area is regarded as the affected area. In the above process of dynamically adjusting the operation of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the following steps are included: The specific construction parameters for the next construction are obtained based on the mechanical parameters of the construction area, and the construction is completed through the intelligent support device; While the support construction is being carried out in the construction area, the support area updates its parameters and dynamically adjusts the intelligent support devices in the support area according to the parameters to perform dynamic support; After the support construction in the construction area is completed, the parameters of the affected area are updated and the area where the next construction area is located is planned based on the parameters.

[0010] In other embodiments, the rock mass dynamic data obtained by the rock mass stress sensor, displacement sensor and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, further includes: rock mass fracture distribution data obtained by the microseismic sensor; The calculation of rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and the acquisition of weak area coordinates and stress gradients includes: gridding the rock mass according to the collected data, identifying rock mass crack distribution based on microseismic sensor data of the information acquisition module, and automatically refining the grid accuracy in the crack area to establish a discrete calculation model.

[0011] In some other embodiments, the generating of the optimal solution of anchor rod length, preload force, and support plate thickness for the next construction based on the weak area coordinates and the stress gradient further includes: The optimal support cost solution set is calculated using a genetic algorithm, where the constraints are the minimum limit of the support bearing capacity and the maximum value of the rock mass displacement. When the monitored displacement exceeds the limit, constraints are dynamically added to the genetic algorithm to trigger solution re-optimization.

[0012] The present application also provides an intelligent rock support system, comprising: An information acquisition module acquires rock mass dynamic data through rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors, and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, and temperature and humidity. A data processing module calculates the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtains the weak area coordinates and stress gradient; An optimization design module generates an optimal solution set for anchor rod length, preload force, and support plate thickness in the next construction based on the weak area coordinates and the stress gradient; The execution and feedback module dynamically adjusts the operation of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and repeats the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed; The central control module is used to control and coordinate the work between modules.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for intelligent rock support, comprising obtaining rock dynamic data by rock stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock dynamic data includes rock stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, realizing real-time multi-dimensional perception of rock state, and solving the problems of poor timeliness and single data dimension caused by traditional support relying on manual point detection; calculating rock stress distribution based on the rock dynamic data, and obtaining weak area coordinates and stress gradients, converting the original data into a quantifiable mechanical model, identifying potential instability risk points through gridded discrete analysis, and avoiding the randomness of empirical judgment; generating the optimal solution set of anchor length, preload force and support plate thickness in the next construction based on the weak area coordinates and the stress gradient, and converting the mechanical model into engineering parameters using an intelligent algorithm, for example, through genetic analysis. The algorithm optimizes the cost with the minimum limit of support bearing capacity and the maximum value of rock displacement as constraints to ensure that the support scheme is both safe and economical; according to the optimization instructions, the operation of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is repeated until the end of construction, forming a real-time closed-loop control of "construction-monitoring-feedback", so that the support parameters can be dynamically adjusted with the rock conditions, solving the problem that traditional support cannot respond to the continuous deformation of the rock after a one-time construction. Through the above steps, this application constructs a closed-loop monitoring, analysis, decision-making, and execution iterative optimization system, transforming the static support-construction system into a dynamic intelligent system driven by rock response, so that after each support construction, the support scheme for the next support can be automatically adjusted according to the change of rock stress, so as to realize the dynamic support scheme change for the dynamically changing stress state of the rock.

[0014] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of basic method steps of an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of steps for optimizing a construction area of ​​an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of steps for further optimizing a construction area of ​​an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of steps for optimizing a support area in an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of steps for further optimizing a support area of ​​an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of steps for optimizing an impact zone of an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a detailed partitioning optimization method of an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of an optimization method for data collection and model establishment in an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of an optimization method for a genetic algorithm and a dynamic constraint method thereof in an intelligent rock support method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 The figure is a structural diagram of an intelligent rock support system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Information acquisition module; 2. Data processing module; 3. Optimization design module; 4. Execution and feedback module; 5. Central control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0021] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0028] Rock support engineering is an important safety project in tunnel engineering and mining engineering, which usually includes anchor bolt support and support plate support. Among them, anchor bolts are mainly used to apply tightening force to the rock mass, which is an important method of active reinforcement; support plates are surface components of the anchor system, which mainly undertake stress transfer and local reinforcement functions. Support plates are set between the end of the anchor bolt and the rock surface, and avoid rock crushing caused by concentrated anchor bolt preload by increasing the contact area. It is especially used in weak rock formations.

[0029] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 , a method of intelligent rock support, comprising: S101. Rock mass dynamic data, including rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, is acquired through rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment. Through the coordinated operation of rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, full-dimensional real-time monitoring of rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity is achieved, thereby preliminarily forming a dynamic database. This provides the original input for subsequent stress field reconstruction and enables real-time monitoring of the dynamically changing rock mass mechanical state. This allows timely acquisition of information on rock mass stress mutation zones during construction, ensuring construction safety. Furthermore, multi-source data fusion can identify the correlation between stress concentration and seepage risk (e.g., a sudden increase in humidity indicates crack development), providing a physical basis for risk warning. S102. Calculate the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data, and obtain the coordinates and stress gradient of the weak area; construct a three-dimensional stress field model based on the dynamic data, accurately locate the displacement mutation area and the stress gradient steep change area, and automatically mark the crack expansion path through grid discrete analysis combined with microseismic data to realize the diagnosis of weak areas under the combined criterion of stress and rock mass structure. The necessity of this is that rock mass failure follows the "short plate effect" because there are natural or engineering-induced heterogeneous structures inside the rock mass. These defects often become the priority points of failure. For example, the deformation and failure form of the tunnel surrounding rock are significantly affected by the inclination angle of the weak surface. When the inclination angle of the weak plane changes, the displacement of the two sides of the tunnel becomes asymmetric, and the position of the maximum displacement shifts with the weak plane angle, leading to local instability. For example, in a high-stress environment (such as a deep mine), the weak plane couples with tectonic stress (such as horizontal compression), causing stress concentration, accelerating the expansion of the weak plane, and ultimately causing the overall collapse of the rock mass. In traditional uniform anchor bolt arrangement, to ensure construction safety, the target constraint force of all construction points is usually set to the maximum standard, which will result in a large amount of resources being wasted in low-risk areas. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a scientific basis for differentiated support by quantifying stress gradients, so that the support system can match the actual bearing capacity distribution of the rock mass to the greatest extent possible, providing a data basis for the next step. S103. Based on the coordinates of the weak area and the stress gradient, generate the optimal solution set for the anchor length, preload, and support plate thickness in the next construction. Using the weak area coordinates and stress gradient as input variables, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the Pareto optimal solution set for anchor length, preload, and support plate thickness. The algorithm uses minimizing support cost as the objective function, and the constraints are the bearing capacity threshold and displacement limit. When the monitored displacement exceeds the limit, the system dynamically adds constraints and triggers re-optimization, shortening the response time for solution adjustment. S104. Dynamically adjust the operation of the intelligent support device based on the optimization instructions, and repeat the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed. The intelligent support device is controlled in real time based on the optimization instructions, forming a cycle of monitoring, optimization, and construction. Through multiple iterations, the mechanical state of the rock mass is continuously updated to adapt to the continuous mechanical evolution and respond to the stress redistribution caused by the advancement of the tunnel face.

[0030] The present invention provides a method for intelligent rock support, comprising obtaining rock dynamic data by rock stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock dynamic data includes rock stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, realizing real-time multi-dimensional perception of rock state, and solving the problems of poor timeliness and single data dimension caused by traditional support relying on manual point detection; calculating rock stress distribution based on the rock dynamic data, and obtaining weak area coordinates and stress gradients, converting the original data into a quantifiable mechanical model, identifying potential instability risk points through gridded discrete analysis, and avoiding the randomness of empirical judgment; generating the optimal solution set of anchor length, preload force and support plate thickness in the next construction based on the weak area coordinates and the stress gradient, and converting the mechanical model into engineering parameters using an intelligent algorithm, for example, through genetic analysis. The algorithm optimizes the cost with the minimum limit of support bearing capacity and the maximum value of rock displacement as constraints to ensure that the support scheme is both safe and economical; according to the optimization instructions, the operation of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is repeated until the end of construction, forming a real-time closed-loop control of "construction-monitoring-feedback", so that the support parameters can be dynamically adjusted with the rock conditions, solving the problem that traditional support cannot respond to the continuous deformation of the rock after a one-time construction. Through the above steps, this application constructs a closed-loop monitoring, analysis, decision-making, and execution iterative optimization system, transforming the static support-construction system into a dynamic intelligent system driven by rock response, so that after each support construction, the support scheme for the next support can be automatically adjusted according to the change of rock stress, so as to realize the dynamic support scheme change for the dynamically changing stress state of the rock.

[0031] In other embodiments, reference Figure 2 Before S101, rock stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment obtain rock dynamic data, which includes rock stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, it also includes: S1001. The support construction area of ​​this time is used as the construction area; in the initial stage, a rock area division step is added, and the construction area of ​​the rock part to be constructed this time is defined as the construction area, wherein this construction area is only a part of the overall support construction of the rock mass, and the overall rock mass area can include multiple construction areas of different or equal sizes; the necessity of this step is: the definition of the construction area is the spatial benchmark for subsequent data collection, calculation and parameter adjustment. If this step is missing, the system cannot accurately lock the physical range of monitoring and intervention, resulting in blind data collection. Specifically, after the construction area is defined, the data acquisition area of ​​the rock mass dynamic data is limited to the construction area, so that stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment only collect rock stress, displacement and temperature and humidity data for this area, avoiding the waste of resources for full-section monitoring and saving the system's computing resources; In S101, rock mass dynamic data is obtained by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, including, S1011, obtaining rock mass dynamic data in the construction area; In S102, calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradients, it includes S1021, calculating the rock mass stress in the construction area; the stress distribution algorithm needs to rely on spatial boundary conditions, and the spatial coordinates of the construction area are used as input parameters of the calculation model. The driving algorithm only generates a stress distribution map for this area and identifies the weak area coordinates and stress gradients, concentrating computing resources on key areas, improving computing efficiency and reducing computing power requirements, and forming spatial consistency with the relevant data in the previous step, avoiding a reduction in the accuracy of the calculation results caused by interference data in non-construction areas; In S104, according to the optimization instructions, the work of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is looped until the construction is completed. The work of dynamically adjusting the intelligent support device includes S1041, adjusting the specific parameters of the current construction of the intelligent support device in the construction area. The parameter adjustment needs to be based on the construction area, because during the construction process, the intelligent support device mainly considers the stress conditions inside the construction area. Therefore, this step and the parameter generation step work together in the construction area to realize the on-demand deployment of support resources in a certain area. On the one hand, it reduces the consumption of computing resources, and on the other hand, it improves the application efficiency of support resources, and to a certain extent reduces the support cost; Therefore, the newly added steps restructure the process through spatial focusing of data acquisition, calculation, and execution: defining the construction zone to provide a spatial benchmark for monitoring; stress calculations in the construction zone to improve the accuracy of identifying weak areas; and parameter adjustments in the construction zone to ensure the accuracy of support interventions. Its core function is to implement a dynamic resource allocation model for on-demand support, minimizing the contradiction between resource redundancy and localized support inadequacy caused by uniform distribution across the entire cross-section of traditional support methods. Compared to processes without defined construction zones, this solution enables the system to possess regional adaptability: closed-loop optimization is performed only on the rock mass to be constructed, avoiding ineffective intervention in supported areas and premature intervention in unconstructed areas.

[0032] In other embodiments, reference Figure 3 ,The intelligent support device includes an anchor drilling rig, which is equipped with a laser positioning system; S1041, Adjusting the Specific Parameters of the Intelligent Support Device in the Construction Area, includes: S10411, After locating the weak zone coordinates using the laser positioning system and verifying the drill rod angle, instruct the anchor drill rig to drill the rod at the corresponding location within the construction area. The laser positioning system requires spatial mapping based on the weak zone coordinates (generated by stress gradient calculations) within the construction area. Without this step, the anchor drill position will deviate from the actual stress concentration point. Specifically, the laser positioning system projects an infrared laser beam onto the rock surface in the construction area, and provides real-time feedback on the three-dimensional coordinates for matching and calibration with the preset weak area coordinate points. When the coordinate deviation exceeds the threshold, the drill rod angle calibration program is automatically triggered to ensure that the drill rod axis is perpendicular to the principal stress direction of the rock mass. The laser positioning system uses the rock surface in the construction area as the projection plane and converts the weak area coordinate points into physical positioning marks. The anchor drill automatically plans the drilling path based on the marked points to avoid spatial conversion errors between the drawings and the site, thereby realizing the spatial calibration function; the drill rod angle calibration uses the inclination sensor to monitor the angle between the drill rod and the rock surface normal in real time. When there are local bumps in the rock mass, the hydraulic support arm pitch angle is automatically adjusted to ensure that the anchor rod is always implanted perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, thereby realizing the function of rock surface morphology adaptation, so that the anchor rod construction has geological adaptability. For example, under the conditions of non-uniform crushing in deep soft rock tunnels, by accurately matching the drilling position with the stress concentration area, the pull-out force attenuation caused by the anchor rod implantation in the fracture development zone is avoided, while reducing construction delays caused by repeated drilling.

[0033] In other embodiments, reference Figure 4 Before S101, rock mass dynamic data is obtained by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity. The following also includes: S1002. The area where support construction has been completed and support structure has been formed is regarded as the support area; this step must be inserted before "obtaining rock dynamic data by rock stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment", because the definition of the support area is the spatial benchmark for subsequent data collection, calculation and dynamic adjustment. If this step is missing, the system cannot distinguish between the supported area and the new construction area, resulting in confusion of monitoring targets and resource mismatch.

[0034] In S101, rock stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment are used to obtain rock dynamic data, and the rock dynamic data include rock stress, displacement, temperature and humidity. In this process, S1012 is used to obtain rock dynamic data in the support area. Specifically, after the support area is defined, the data acquisition area for the rock dynamic data is limited to the support area, so that the stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment only collect rock stress, displacement and temperature and humidity data in this area, avoiding ineffective monitoring of unconstructed areas, and forming a monitoring function exclusive to the supported area, so as to solve the blind spot problem of traditional methods ignoring the time-dependent deformation of the supported area.

[0035] In S102, calculating the rock stress distribution based on the rock dynamic data and obtaining the coordinates and stress gradient of the weak area, it includes, S1022, calculating the rock stress of the support area; the coordinate range of the support area is used as the input parameter of the calculation model, and the driving algorithm only generates a stress distribution map for this area and identifies the coordinates and stress gradient of the weak area, and concentrates the computing power on the stability assessment of the supported area, thereby improving the computing efficiency and reducing the computing power demand.

[0036] In S104, according to the optimization instruction, the work of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is looped until the construction is completed. The work of the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent support device includes S1042, adjusting the specific support parameters of the intelligent support device in the support area. This instruction is inserted after the optimization instruction is parsed and before the device action is executed, because the parameter adjustment needs to be based on the support area. For example, the hydraulic support plate automatically adjusts the sub-plate spacing or hydraulic process according to the stress gradient change in the support area, rather than a global unified adjustment. This step forms a time-space differentiated collaboration with the parameter generation step.

[0037] Defining support areas provides spatial identification for monitoring supported areas; stress calculations in support areas identify the risk of time-dependent deformation of supported rock masses; and parameter adjustments in support areas enable adaptive reinforcement of supported structures. The collaborative purpose of these three processes is to provide a detection-optimization-adjustment cycle for real-time monitoring of the support status of support plates to avoid instability after support. Compared with the basic process before distinguishing support areas, this process has the maintenance capability for the entire construction support cycle while saving computing power.

[0038] In other embodiments, reference Figure 5 , the intelligent support device includes a hydraulic support plate, the hydraulic support plate includes a multi-section support plate composed of multiple sub-plates and a hydraulic cylinder connected to each sub-plate; In S1042, adjusting the specific support parameters of the intelligent support device within the support area includes: S10421, automatically adjusting the stroke of the back hydraulic cylinder according to instructions so that the sub-plate connected to the hydraulic cylinder output end moves closer to or further away from the rock mass. The hydraulic cylinder stroke adjustment is based on the coordinates of the weak area in the support area and real-time displacement data, and is based on the failure and deformation of the corresponding rock mass. Specifically, the multi-section sub-plates of the hydraulic support plate achieve dynamic contact with the rock mass surface through independent control of the hydraulic cylinder stroke: when the displacement sensor in the support area detects local rock mass contraction, the system automatically increases the hydraulic cylinder stroke of the corresponding sub-plate, causing the sub-plate to push toward the rock mass to compensate for the gap; when the rock mass expands, the hydraulic cylinder stroke is contracted to avoid overconstraint.

[0039] This optimization scheme is coordinated with the previous embodiment to provide a multi-section hydraulic support plate, which converts the form of the support plate into a flexible dynamic support, thereby providing a method for dealing with the debonding problem of the support structure caused by the continuous deformation of the rheological rock mass. For example, in response to the non-uniform characteristics of rock crushing in the support area (such as the amount of top plate sinking > the amount of side moving closer), the system independently controls the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder of each sub-plate to make the support force distribution match the rock deformation gradient; for example, when the rock mass expands and squeezes the support plate, the hydraulic cylinder automatically relieves pressure and retracts to avoid the reaction force of the support plate exceeding the compressive strength of the rock mass and causing rock crushing.

[0040] In other embodiments, reference Figure 6 Before obtaining rock mass dynamic data (including rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity) by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the following data are also included: S1003. The area in the rock mass outside the area where the next construction will be carried out and the area where the construction has been completed and the support structure has been formed is regarded as the affected area; this step must be inserted before "obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment" because the definition of the affected area is the spatial benchmark for subsequent data collection, calculation and construction planning. If this step is missing, the system cannot identify the area that has not been constructed but is disturbed by the project, resulting in the lack of prediction of stress migration risk.

[0041] In S101, rock mass dynamic data is obtained by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity. In S1013, rock mass dynamic data in the influence zone is obtained. Specifically, after the influence zone is defined, the data acquisition area of ​​the rock mass dynamic data is limited to the influence zone, so that the stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment collect rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity data in this area, capture the advanced stress redistribution caused by construction disturbance, thereby realizing stress monitoring of rock mass deformation outside the construction influence radius and providing advanced warning capabilities.

[0042] In S102, calculating the rock stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the coordinates and stress gradients of the weak areas, it is included that, S1023, calculating the rock stress in the influence area; the spatial boundary of the influence area is used as the input parameter of the calculation model, driving the algorithm to generate a stress distribution map for this area and identify the coordinates and stress gradients of the weak areas, and predicting the potential instability points in the unconstructed area, thereby avoiding planning short-sightedness caused by focusing only on the construction area.

[0043] In S104, according to the optimization instructions, the work of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is repeated until the construction is completed. The work of the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent support device includes S1043, which is to plan the area for the next construction according to the stress distribution in the affected area. Regional planning is carried out based on the stress state of the affected area. For example, when the stress gradient in the affected area shows that there is a fault fracture zone in the rock mass ahead, the system automatically adjusts the scope of the next construction area to the flank area with more stable geological conditions, thereby coordinating risk management with the weak area identification step: for risk areas with high technical feasibility, the system automatically identifies and marks them as the target area for the next support construction; for high-risk areas with excessively high support costs or uncontrollable risks, the system plans to avoid the location and strictly monitor the impact of the area on nearby projects, thereby realizing the functions of risk monitoring and project planning in the affected area.

[0044] In other embodiments, reference Figure 7 Before S101, rock mass dynamic data is obtained by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity. The following also includes: S1004: The current support construction area is designated as the construction area, the area where support construction has been completed and the support structure has been formed is designated as the support area, and the rock mass area excluding the construction and support areas is designated as the impact area. This logic must be inserted after the optimization instruction is parsed and before the support devices in each area are executed. This is because the coordination of the three areas requires a unified optimization instruction as the trigger condition, and strategy allocation must be completed before the support devices are executed. When the optimization instruction parses the construction area parameters, the system must simultaneously generate dynamic adjustment instructions for the support area and planning instructions for the impact area. If this step is omitted, the timing of the actions in each area will be disrupted, resulting in overlapping and conflicting areas.

[0045] In S104, according to the optimization instruction, the operation of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is repeated until the construction is completed, including: S1044. Specific construction parameters for the next construction phase are derived based on the mechanical parameters of the construction area, and the construction is completed using intelligent support devices. Specifically, this step generates specific construction parameters such as anchor length and preload based on the mechanical parameters of the construction area (stress gradient, weak area coordinates), and supports are completed using devices such as anchor drills. Because the impact of construction on the rock mass during construction far outweighs other impacts, a large amount of computing power is required in the construction area for short-interval real-time monitoring and strict supervision. S1045. While support construction is being performed in the construction area, the support area updates parameters and dynamically adjusts the intelligent support devices in the support area based on the parameters to perform dynamic support. Specifically, in this step, while the construction area is operating, the hydraulic cylinder stroke of the hydraulic support plate is automatically adjusted based on the updated displacement and stress data of the support area to compensate for rock creep. Because stress changes in the support area are often caused by construction within the construction area, long-term real-time monitoring can be performed. S1046. After the support construction in the construction area is completed, the parameters of the affected area are updated and the area where the next construction area is located is planned based on the parameters. Specifically, after the support construction in the construction area is completed, this step immediately re-demarcates the next construction area based on the stress distribution in the affected area to avoid the fault activation zone.

[0046] This process achieves real-time monitoring covering the entire life cycle of support through real-time monitoring of current construction in the construction area, interval detection of support effects in the support area, and data detection after construction in the impact area. By differentiating the monitoring and optimization strictness of the construction area, support area and impact area, it achieves efficient use of computing power and saves a lot of system computing time.

[0047] In other embodiments, reference Figure 8 In S101, rock mass dynamic data is obtained by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity. It also includes: S1014, rock mass crack distribution data is obtained by microseismic sensors; the microseismic sensor array is deployed on the rock mass surface and in the borehole, and the crack development position is located by monitoring the vibration events, and the crack distribution data is combined with the stress, displacement, temperature and humidity data to form a complete rock mass dynamic data set.

[0048] In S102, calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the coordinates and stress gradients of the weak areas, the following steps are included: S1024, meshing the rock mass based on the collected data, identifying the distribution of rock mass fractures based on the microseismic sensor data from the information acquisition module, and automatically refining the mesh precision in the fracture areas to establish a discretized calculation model. The system first performs a basic meshing of the rock mass, then analyzes the microseismic sensor data to identify areas with dense fractures, and automatically refining the mesh precision in these areas, thereby reducing stress gradient calculation errors and avoiding misjudgment of weak areas due to coarse meshes.

[0049] In other embodiments, reference Figure 9 In S103, based on the coordinates of the weak area and the stress gradient, the optimal solution of the anchor length, preload force, and support plate thickness in the next construction is generated, which also includes: S1031, calculate the optimal support cost solution set using a genetic algorithm, wherein the constraint condition is the minimum value of support bearing capacity and the maximum value of rock mass displacement; through multi-objective optimization of the genetic algorithm, the optimal balance point of material cost, construction efficiency and safety margin is automatically selected under the constraints of the minimum value of support bearing capacity and the maximum value of rock mass displacement; S1032, when the displacement exceeds the limit, dynamically add constraints to the genetic algorithm to trigger scheme re-optimization. Displacement exceeding the limit triggers the re-optimization mechanism, enabling the system to respond to time-varying risks such as rock rheology and crack expansion.

[0050] Reference Figure 10 The application also provides a system for intelligent rock support, which is used to implement the method for intelligent rock support provided by the application, and comprises: An information collection module 1 acquires rock mass dynamic data including rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity through rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment; A data processing module 2 calculates rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtains weak zone coordinates and stress gradient; An optimization design module 3 generates an optimal solution set of anchor rod length, pre-tightening force and support plate thickness in the next construction based on the weak zone coordinates and stress gradient; An execution and feedback module 4 dynamically adjusts the work of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instruction and circulates the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed; A central control module 5 is used to control and coordinate the work between the modules.

[0051] The above is merely a specific implementation of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical range disclosed by the application and within the spirit and principles of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

[0052] It should be noted that the application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and embodiments having the same technical idea and playing the same role and effect within the technical solution range of the application are included in the technical range of the application. In addition, within the scope of the main idea of the application, various modifications, combinations of part of the components in the embodiments and other ways constructed by those skilled in the art are also included in the scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method of intelligent rock support, characterized in that: include: Obtain rock mass dynamic data using rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors, and environmental monitoring equipment. The rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, and temperature and humidity. Calculating rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining weak area coordinates and stress gradients; Based on the coordinates of the weak area and the stress gradient, an optimal solution set of anchor rod length, preload force, and support plate thickness in the next construction is generated; According to the optimization instructions, the operation of the intelligent support device is dynamically adjusted, and the above iterative optimization process is repeated until the construction is completed.

2. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, the following steps are further included: The support construction area is used as the construction area; In the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data in the construction area; The step of calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradient includes calculating the rock mass stress in the construction area; In the process of dynamically adjusting the operation of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instruction and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the dynamic adjustment of the operation of the intelligent support device includes adjusting the specific parameters of the current construction of the intelligent support device in the construction area.

3. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent support device includes an anchor drilling rig, and the anchor drilling rig is provided with a laser positioning system; The specific parameters of the current construction of the intelligent support device in the construction area are adjusted, including: after locating the coordinate point of the weak area and verifying the drill rod angle through the laser positioning system, guiding the anchor drill to complete the drilling of the rod at the corresponding position in the construction area.

4. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, the following steps are further included: The area where support construction has been completed and support structure has been formed is regarded as the support area; In the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data of the support area; The step of calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradient includes calculating the rock mass stress in the support area; In the process of dynamically adjusting the work of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the work of the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent support device includes adjusting the specific support parameters of the intelligent support device in the support area.

5. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intelligent support device includes a hydraulic support plate, which includes a multi-section support plate composed of multiple sub-plates and a hydraulic cylinder connected to each sub-plate; The specific support parameters of the intelligent support device in the support area are adjusted as follows: automatically adjusting the stroke of the back hydraulic cylinder according to instructions so that the sub-plate connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is close to or away from the rock mass.

6. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, the following steps are further included: The area in the rock mass where the next construction is to be carried out and the area outside the area where the construction has been completed and the support structure has been formed are regarded as the affected area; In the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and the step of obtaining rock mass dynamic data in the affected area; The step of calculating the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtaining the weak area coordinates and stress gradient includes calculating the rock mass stress in the affected area; In the process of dynamically adjusting the work of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the work of the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent support device includes planning the area for the next construction according to the stress distribution in the affected area.

7. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before obtaining rock mass dynamic data by rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity, the following steps are further included: The support construction area is regarded as the construction area, the area where the support construction has been completed and the support structure has been formed is regarded as the support area, and the area of ​​the rock mass other than the construction area and the support area is regarded as the affected area. In the above process of dynamically adjusting the operation of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions and looping the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed, the following steps are included: The specific construction parameters for the next construction are obtained based on the mechanical parameters of the construction area, and the construction is completed through the intelligent support device; While the support construction is being carried out in the construction area, the support area updates its parameters and dynamically adjusts the intelligent support devices in the support area according to the parameters to perform dynamic support; After the support construction in the construction area is completed, the parameters of the affected area are updated and the area where the next construction area is located is planned based on the parameters.

8. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock mass dynamic data obtained by the rock mass stress sensor, displacement sensor and environmental monitoring equipment includes rock mass stress, displacement and temperature and humidity, and also includes: rock mass crack distribution data obtained by the microseismic sensor; The calculation of rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and the acquisition of weak area coordinates and stress gradients includes: gridding the rock mass according to the collected data, identifying rock mass crack distribution based on microseismic sensor data of the information acquisition module, and automatically refining the grid accuracy in the crack area to establish a discrete calculation model.

9. The intelligent rock support method according to claim 1, wherein generating the optimal solution for anchor length, preload force, and support plate thickness for the next construction based on the weak area coordinates and the stress gradient further comprises: The optimal support cost solution set is calculated using a genetic algorithm, where the constraints are the minimum limit of the support bearing capacity and the maximum value of the rock mass displacement. When the monitored displacement exceeds the limit, constraints are dynamically added to the genetic algorithm to trigger solution re-optimization.

10. An intelligent rock support system, comprising: An information acquisition module (1) acquires rock mass dynamic data through rock mass stress sensors, displacement sensors and environmental monitoring equipment, wherein the rock mass dynamic data includes rock mass stress, displacement, temperature and humidity; A data processing module (2) calculates the rock mass stress distribution based on the rock mass dynamic data and obtains the weak area coordinates and stress gradient; An optimization design module (3) generates an optimal solution set for anchor rod length, preload force, and support plate thickness in the next construction based on the coordinates of the weak area and the stress gradient; The execution and feedback module (4) dynamically adjusts the operation of the intelligent support device according to the optimization instructions, and loops the above iterative optimization process until the construction is completed; The central control module (5) is used to control and coordinate the work between the modules.

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