GIS development method and system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin application

Abstract

The invention discloses a GIS development method and system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twinning application, and the method comprises the following steps: building a two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS general development framework, integrating a two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS engine, and forming a water conservancy and hydropower two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS general development platform; based on a water conservancy and hydropower two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS universal development platform, constructing a water conservancy and hydropower spatio-temporal data base and building a digital twinborn scene; based on a water conservancy and hydropower spatio-temporal data base and a built digital twinborn scene, water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components are modularly constructed; and integrating a front-end framework, and carrying out visual display and application analysis. According to the method, a water conservancy and hydropower general two-dimensional and three-dimensional development platform is built based on a hydropower two-dimensional multi-engine and a three-dimensional GIS open source engine cesium, and a digital twin space-time base is built on the basis. A mode of'platform + plug-in 'is adopted, business components and water conservancy and hydropower GIS application components are developed in a pluggable component mode, jquery, React and VUE mainstream front-end frameworks are compatible, and visual display and application of water conservancy and hydropower businesses are carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, and more specifically, relates to a GIS development method and system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, digital twins have become a trend in system development within the water conservancy and power industries. State Grid Corporation of China and the Ministry of Water Resources have successively issued relevant standards, specifications, construction guidelines, and technical outlines. Design institutes and industry competitors have also launched their own 3D digital twin products and are promoting their applications in the market. Clients are increasingly demanding these products, and are providing funding for digital twin applications such as the "One Map for Water Resources" and "One Map for Power Generation" to empower high-quality development.

[0003] The construction of a spatiotemporal digital foundation and visualization platform is a key core technology for building a digital twin "one map." Considering compatibility with mainstream B / S software, the use of a 2D / 3D integrated GIS engine for web-based digital twin "one map" development has become a mainstream application requirement in the water conservancy and hydropower market. Leveraging digital twin technology to create a 2D / 3D integrated "one map" for water conservancy and power, and reusing this foundation for business themes, can significantly reduce development costs and enhance the user experience.

[0004] Currently, most 2D and 3D GIS systems are developed and built based on different engines. This custom construction inevitably leads to high duplication costs, insufficient 3D GIS productization, inconsistent technology selection, and difficult code tracking and maintenance. To address the application needs of 2D and 3D integrated GIS in the digital twin field, a key research direction is to develop a GIS development method and system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications. This method aims to build a 2D and 3D integrated spatiotemporal foundation for digital twins, rapidly map water conservancy and hydropower scenarios, and provide technical support for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin services.

[0005] With the rapid development of next-generation information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, the need to transform water conservancy towards digitalization, networking, and intelligence is becoming increasingly urgent. Two-dimensional GIS, dating back to the 1960s, has been widely used in the water conservancy and hydropower industries. With the increasing demand for digital twin applications, three-dimensional GIS offers advantages in three-dimensional visualization, three-dimensional spatial analysis, time series analysis, dynamic monitoring, and process analysis. It has become an effective means of accurately simulating three-dimensional terrain information and conducting analytical applications.

[0006] Prior art document 1 (CN104537043A) discloses a two- and three-dimensional integrated method and system based on oblique modeling data, the method including: loading oblique photography modeling data and its matching vector surface data; presenting the oblique photography modeling data as a three-dimensional scene; selecting a vector surface in the vector surface data; and superimposing and displaying the vector surface on the three-dimensional scene.

[0007] Prior art document 2 (CN115688491B) discloses a water conservancy digital twin simulation method based on blockchain, including: a digital scene construction module obtains terrain and building data, and constructs digital scene data based on real-scene three-dimensional reconstruction technology and BIM technology; an intelligent perception module realizes intelligent perception of water conservancy business data; a blockchain module receives input digital scene data, water conservancy business data and model deduction data, and stores and supervises them; a model deduction module receives input water conservancy business data and terrain boundary condition data, and deduces the basic laws of water conservancy operation and governance management activities to obtain model deduction data; a simulation module receives input digital scene data and model deduction results, and performs real-time dynamic rendering and visualization of the model deduction results.

[0008] The deficiencies of the above prior art documents include at least:

[0009] (1) Low integration with other GIS platforms: The GIS built by various management units in the early stage are based on different platforms, with low integration, poor compatibility, and poor system structure development. It is difficult to meet the sharing needs of digital twin construction data, models, and services, as well as the secondary development needs.

[0010] (2) Separate development of 2D and 3D GIS: Most 2D and 3D GIS are developed and constructed based on different engines, and some systems still use CS structures. This leads to a series of problems such as high duplication of construction costs, insufficient 3D GIS productization, inconsistent technology selection, and difficulty in tracking and maintaining codes. (3) Difficulty in fusing multi-source data for a full-factor spatiotemporal base: A full-factor spatiotemporal base requires the fusion of multi-source and multi-precision DOM, high-DEM, oblique photography / laser point cloud, underwater terrain, BIM, and other data. However, most current multi-source spatial data integrations suffer from problems such as multiple data formats, inconsistent databases, and inconsistent data standards.

[0011] (4) Low integration of water conservancy and hydropower business: Due to the high degree of professionalism in the water conservancy and hydropower industry, previous GIS applications needed to be customized and developed for engineering projects, which took a long time and was difficult, and had limited benefits in decision-making support such as simulation and rehearsal.

[0012] (5) Low development efficiency: Customized development of GIS applications for different projects often requires writing a large amount of code from scratch. The development process is cumbersome, resulting in a long development cycle and an inability to quickly respond to project needs. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a GIS development method and system for digital twin applications in water conservancy and hydropower, which enables seamless switching between two- and three-dimensional GIS, and seamless integration of GIS engines such as OpenLayers, State Grid Siji, Southern Grid Zhikan, and Cesium. It integrates map libraries and open source libraries such as Turf, ECharts, and Terraformer, and deeply combines algorithms in professional fields such as water and rainfall conditions, meteorology, and new energy to form reusable spatial analysis components, which are finally encapsulated into a general GIS platform for water conservancy and hydropower and secondary development components, thereby improving the integration of the GIS platform with water conservancy and hydropower services.

[0014] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0015] A first aspect of the present invention provides a GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Build a universal 2D and 3D GIS development framework, integrate 2D and 3D GIS engines, and form a universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower;

[0017] Based on the universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower, we will build a spatiotemporal data base for water conservancy and hydropower and create digital twin scenarios.

[0018] Based on the water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base and the construction of digital twin scenarios, modularly construct water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components;

[0019] Integrate front-end framework to visualize and analyze water conservancy and hydropower data and digital twin scenarios.

[0020] Preferably, building a general 2D and 3D GIS development framework includes:

[0021] Build a universal 2D and 3D development framework for water conservancy and hydropower based on the hydropower 2D multi-engine and 3D GIS open source engine Cesium;

[0022] The 2D GIS engine is used to organize / parse 2D data objects and access various data services. It is also used to render 2D visual scenes, respond to data indicator changes in real time, and coordinate the connection of various business system processes.

[0023] The 3D GIS engine is used to schedule and render 3D scenes, and realistically present 3D scenes through WebGL.

[0024] Preferably, the fusion of two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS engine includes:

[0025] Store unified map objects, obtain map elements required for integrating 2D and 3D GIS engines, and manage map information when switching 2D and 3D GIS engines. The map elements include map initialization perspective, map zoom level, and layer controller.

[0026] Switching between two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS engines is achieved through coordinate system conversion, projection transformation, visual texture mapping, spatial analysis of different dimensions and query optimization.

[0027] Coordinate the views of 2D and 3D maps.

[0028] Preferably, building a water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base includes:

[0029] A GIS modeling tool is constructed to support GIS business modeling based on a model tree. The functions of the GIS modeling tool include basic geographic information storage, site relationship storage, and attribute configuration of thematic applications; the modeling levels include scenes, themes, stations, and fields.

[0030] Preferably, building a water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base includes:

[0031] Based on the 2D GIS engine, a 2D spatiotemporal base is created to provide tile map services that comply with the Open Geospatial Information Alliance standard. The tile map services include raster data services and vector data services.

[0032] Based on the 3D GIS engine, a 3D spatiotemporal base is created to provide 3D model data services.

[0033] Preferably, building a water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base includes:

[0034] Integrate multi-source heterogeneous data from the data base, and fuse geographic spatial data using projection transformation, coordinate transformation, data format conversion, and data cutting and splicing; combine GIS modeling tools to uniformly encode and map geographic spatial data, monitoring data, file data, and audio and video data according to standard specifications, establish a relationship connection between spatial entity objects and water conservancy and hydropower business objects, and use it for unified identification across stages, businesses, and types, and realize the integration and application of business data through unified interface specifications and indexing technology.

[0035] Preferably, building a digital twin scenario includes:

[0036] Based on the spatiotemporal data base of water resources and hydropower, a dynamic model of the river section is constructed for visual analysis and preview, including:

[0037] Extract the centerline and width of the river, extract the water body vector graph (Shp) based on the time series remote sensing image, and dynamically construct the topological relationship of the water body object;

[0038] For the changing riverbed, based on the collected underwater terrain data and combined with the river boundary information, a constraint-based Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to construct an irregular triangular mesh, automatically fitting the underwater terrain and boundaries for dynamic modeling and expression of the evolving riverbed.

[0039] Preferably, the modular construction of water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components includes:

[0040] Integrate map libraries and open source libraries, combine professional field algorithms, and develop general components for water conservancy and hydropower and GIS application components;

[0041] Professional field algorithms include: at least one professional field algorithm in water and rainfall conditions, meteorology, and new energy;

[0042] General components for water conservancy and hydropower include: water and rainfall condition components, gate valve monitoring components, safety monitoring components, and intelligent monitoring components;

[0043] GIS application components include: visualization components, analysis components and special effects components.

[0044] Preferably, the modular construction of water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components includes:

[0045] Using a widget modular development approach, water conservancy and hydropower related businesses are divided into several sub-modules. Each sub-module is independent and decoupled from each other, and each sub-module holds the current map object viewer.

[0046] Preferably, the component data of the water conservancy and hydropower related business components and the GIS application components include data packages, data layers, auxiliary layers and data drawing;

[0047] Design the component's calling interface, including input parameters and output results, specify the component's behavior through a configuration file, package the component into a separate JavaScript file using a module packaging tool, and package the configuration file into an independent JSON file, making it compatible with front-end framework applications in the form of static resources.

[0048] Preferably, performing visual display and application analysis includes:

[0049] Integrate jQuery, React, and VUE front-end frameworks, access business data from various professional systems through data service middleware, and perform standardized compilation to bind the real location and inherent attributes of land features with various professional business data;

[0050] The data service middleware provides data request / push services through interface protocols, including HttpREST, WebSocket and TCP / IP.

[0051] Preferably, the visualization and application analysis of water conservancy and hydropower data and digital twin scenarios include:

[0052] For large-scale 3D scenes at the water conservancy and hydropower basin level and plant level, LOD dynamic loading is used to layer DOM and DEM data, build tile pyramids, and perform dynamic scheduling.

[0053] When initializing the rendering of the 3D GIS scene of the watershed and hydropower station, the position, tilt angle, and field of view distance are specified. It supports base map layer groups, custom layer groups, and any combination of different layer types and parameter settings.

[0054] The second aspect of the present invention provides a GIS development system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications, based on the GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising:

[0055] The universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower encapsulates the universal 2D and 3D development framework for water conservancy and hydropower;

[0056] A water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base, including unified coding and mapping of geospatial data, monitoring data, file data, audio and video data according to standard specifications, as well as digital mapping of twin scenarios;

[0057] The component modules include independently running water conservancy and hydropower business components and GIS application components;

[0058] The visualization module integrates the front-end framework for visualization and application analysis.

[0059] The third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the computer program is loaded into the processor, it implements the GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0060] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0062] 1) Break through the barriers of independent 2D and 3D construction in the traditional digital twin industry, integrate 2D and 3D GIS engines to form a 2D and 3D integrated GIS platform. The platform framework is easy to maintain, and seamless switching between 2D and 3D engines can be achieved through configuration.

[0063] 2) The platform can be seamlessly compatible with State Grid Siji, Southern Grid Zhikan GIS platforms, etc., and has strong adaptability. The platform has secondary development capabilities, and third-party units can perform secondary packaging of business APIs based on the platform's existing GIS engine API.

[0064] 3) Rapid construction of digital twin scenarios for water conservancy and hydropower, enabling the integrated application of multi-source data, and implementing dynamic modeling for key river sections and changing riverbeds, supporting the visual analysis and visual preview applications of the digital twin water conservancy "four predictions".

[0065] 4) Combining algorithms from professional fields such as water and rainfall conditions, meteorology, and new energy, a modular development approach is adopted to subdivide water conservancy and hydropower-related businesses into several sub-modules, forming reusable spatial analysis components with good scalability.

[0066] 5) Develop GIS configuration tools that can realize customized applications and displays through configuration and support multi-project reuse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the GIS system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications;

[0068] Figure 2 Preprocessing of underwater terrain;

[0069] Figure 3 It is the underwater terrain TIN model;

[0070] Figure 4 Rendering effects for underwater terrain models;

[0071] Figure 5 Develop flow charts for components;

[0072] Figure 6 Calls the flow chart for the component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the spirit of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] The present invention aims to develop a two- and three-dimensional integrated GIS method and system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications, and based on this, quickly build a spatiotemporal digital base for water conservancy and hydropower digital twins, and perform full-factor mapping of geographic spatial information, including DOM, DEM, oblique photography models, underwater terrain, BIM models, etc., to achieve access and processing of multi-source heterogeneous data, thereby realizing rapid and accurate modeling and twin expression of physical watersheds and water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, Example 1 of the present invention provides a GIS development method for digital twin applications in water conservancy and hydropower. This method builds a universal 2D and 3D development platform for water conservancy and hydropower based on the 2D multi-engine and 3D GIS open-source engine Cesium, and constructs a digital twin spatiotemporal foundation on this basis. Using a "platform + plug-in" approach, business components and water conservancy and hydropower GIS application components are developed as pluggable components. The method is compatible with mainstream front-end frameworks such as jQuery, React, and VUE, enabling visualization and application of water conservancy and hydropower services.

[0076] The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications specifically includes the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: Build a general 2D and 3D GIS development framework, integrate 2D and 3D GIS engines, and form a general 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower.

[0078] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1 specifically comprises:

[0079] Based on JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, a universal 2D and 3D development framework for water conservancy and hydropower has been built, building upon the multi-engine 2D hydropower development platform and the open-source 3D GIS engine Cesium. A plug-in-free loading and rendering engine for 3D scenes based on Cesium has been developed using WebGL technology. The underlying development framework has been encapsulated and encrypted, providing a secondary interface. The platform integrates open-source and power industry 2D and 3D engines such as OpenLayers, Cesium, State Grid Siji, and Southern Grid Zhikan.

[0080] The 2D GIS engine is responsible for organizing / parsing OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium), State Grid and Southern Grid's dedicated 2D data objects and accessing various data services. It is also responsible for rendering 2D visual scenes, responding to changes in data indicators in real time, and coordinating the connection of various business system processes.

[0081] The 3D GIS engine is responsible for scheduling and rendering 3D scenes, and realistically presents 3D terrain, oblique photography, BIM, artificial 3D models and other 3D scenes through WebGL (Web Graphics Library).

[0082] The fusion of 2D and 3D GIS engines, by encapsulating a unified upper-layer map engine, divides the GIS software system into two parts: the map engine and the business theme. This allows for free switching between 2D and 3D scenes within the same business theme. This breaks through the traditional 2D and 3D GIS engine, which only achieves 2D browsing by switching perspectives. The seamless switching of engines significantly improves the loading efficiency of the system in 2D mode. The specific fusion steps are as follows:

[0083] (1) Store unified map objects.

[0084] By analyzing the common features of maps rendered by two-dimensional and three-dimensional engines, we extracted the necessary map elements for two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated engines, including map initialization perspective, map zoom level, layer controller, etc., which are used to manage map information when switching engines.

[0085] (2) Switching between 2D and 3D engines. Switching between 2D and 3D involves coordinate system conversion, projection transformation, visual texture mapping, spatial analysis of different dimensions, and query optimization. The following are the main steps for switching between 2D and 3D engines:

[0086] 1) Coordinate system conversion

[0087] Ensuring that 2D and 3D data are spatially consistent involves converting between different map projections and coordinate systems to ensure data consistency and accuracy.

[0088] a. Coordinate addition: A point ((x,y)) on a two-dimensional plane is converted to a point ((x,y,z)) in three-dimensional space by adding a height (z).

[0089] b. Default height: When converting from 2D to 3D, a default height value is usually specified, such as (z=0), so that all points are mapped to a fixed height below the plane.

[0090] c. Coordinate axis expansion: The two-dimensional (x, y) coordinate system is usually expanded to a three-dimensional (x, y, z) coordinate system, where (x) and (y) remain unchanged, while (z) can be a fixed value or vary depending on the specific situation.

[0091] 2) Projection transformation

[0092] When the data used by the system is taken from different map projections, it is necessary to convert the digital data of one projection into the coordinate data of the required projection. The projection conversion method can be:

[0093] a. Direct transformation: By establishing a strict or approximate analytical relationship from one projection to another, the digital coordinates X, Y of one conversion are directly transformed into the rectangular coordinates X, Y of another projection.

[0094] b. Inverse transformation: that is, the geographic coordinates are obtained from the coordinates of one projection (x, y→B, L), and then the geographic coordinates are substituted into the coordinate formula of another projection (B, L→X, Y).

[0095] 3) Visual texture mapping

[0096] Develop rendering technologies that can effectively process and display three-dimensional geographic information, including realistic lighting and shadow effects, real-time interactive map operations, etc., to enhance user experience and data presentation.

[0097] 4) Spatial analysis and query optimization

[0098] Implement spatial query and analysis capabilities in two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments. This includes location-based queries, path analysis, spatial relationship and buffer analysis, ensuring efficient execution in data environments of different dimensions.

[0099] (3) Coordinate map views.

[0100] Coordinate views between 2D maps like OpenLayers, State Grid Siji, and Southern Grid Zhikan, and Cesium 3D maps to achieve seamless transitions. Listen for view movement events and send messages to the target map to update its view. If transitioning from a 3D view to a 2D view is necessary, calculate the Cesium camera's height and resolution to determine the 2D map's zoom level and update the 2D view.

[0101] It is worth noting that, as one of the outstanding substantive features of the present invention, in response to a series of problems existing in the prior art caused by the low integration between GIS platforms and the separate development of two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS, including high duplication of construction costs, insufficient three-dimensional GIS productization, inconsistent technology selection, and difficulty in tracking and maintaining codes, the present invention breaks through the barriers of two-dimensional and three-dimensional independent construction in the traditional digital twin industry, integrates two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS engines, and forms a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated GIS platform. The platform framework is easy to maintain, and seamless switching between two-dimensional and three-dimensional engines can be achieved through configuration. This enables the platform to be seamlessly compatible with State Grid Siji, Southern Grid Zhikan GIS platforms, etc., with strong adaptability and secondary development capabilities. Third-party units can perform secondary packaging of business APIs based on the platform's existing GIS engine APIs.

[0102] It should be noted that the digital twin platform consists of resources such as data, models, knowledge, and engines that manage, express, and drive these resources. It is used to provide the ability to virtually reproduce real water conservancy projects in cyberspace, and provide support for business applications such as intelligent analysis and early warning of project safety, and intelligent scheduling of flood control and water conservation. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a spatial information system, a computer system used to collect, store, manage, process, retrieve, analyze, and express geographic spatial data. It is a general technology for analyzing and processing massive geographic data.

[0103] Step 2: Build a spatiotemporal data base for water conservancy and hydropower and create a digital twin scenario.

[0104] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, step 2 specifically comprises:

[0105] Develop a GIS modeling tool. Targeting the water conservancy and hydropower business module, we studied data types and common requirements. This tool includes functions such as basic geographic information storage, site relationship storage, and attribute configuration for thematic applications. JSON files are used to centrally manage map configuration information. This tool implements GIS business modeling based on a model tree. The modeling hierarchy includes four levels: scenario, theme, station, and field, making the GIS business model configurable and scalable.

[0106] Based on the two-dimensional GIS engine, a two-dimensional spatiotemporal base is created to provide standard OGC tile services; including raster data services and vector data services. The raster data services include WMS, WMTS, WFS, etc., and the vector data services include Shp, KML, GeoJSON, TopoJSON, etc.

[0107] Based on the 3D GIS engine, it creates a 3D spatiotemporal base and provides 3D model data services. Based on the 3DTiles open specification, it uses tile streaming technology to transmit massive amounts of heterogeneous 3D geospatial data, including building datasets, BIM models, point clouds, and oblique photogrammetry models.

[0108] It supports multiple database structures, including non-relational databases and object databases. Non-relational databases include storage of business data, monitoring data, statistical analysis data, etc. Object databases include storage of geographic spatial data, model data, etc.

[0109] The multi-source heterogeneous data of the data base is integrated by combining data format conversion, data interoperability, and direct data access. Projection conversion, coordinate conversion, data format conversion, data cutting and splicing are used to integrate geospatial data such as DOM, DEM, oblique photography model, underwater terrain, BIM model, etc. In combination with GIS modeling tools, geospatial data, monitoring data, file data, audio and video data, etc. are uniformly coded and mapped according to standard specifications, and a relationship connection is established between spatial entity objects and water conservancy and hydropower business objects, realizing unified identification across stages, businesses, and types. The integration and application of business data are realized through unified interface specifications and indexing technology, and the digital mapping of the twin scene is finally completed.

[0110] It should be noted that the present invention uses satellite remote sensing, drone oblique photography, lidar scanning modeling and BIM on the basis of the national water conservancy one map geospatial data to refine the digital elevation model (DEM, Digital Elevation Model), orthophoto map (DOM, Digital Orthophoto Map), oblique photography model, underwater terrain, BIM model, etc., to construct a multi-temporal, full-factor geospatial digital mapping of the project;

[0111] Among them, the Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) is a set of digital orthophotos generated by digitally differentially correcting and mosaicking aeronautical photographs and cropping them according to a certain map range. It has the advantages of map geometric accuracy and image characteristics. DOM has the advantages of high precision, rich information, intuitive and realistic appearance, and quick acquisition. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) uses limited terrain elevation data to achieve digital simulation of ground terrain (i.e., digital expression of terrain surface morphology). It is a physical ground model that represents ground elevation in the form of a set of ordered numerical arrays. Oblique photography uses multiple sensors on the same flight platform to simultaneously collect images from vertical and multiple oblique angles to obtain more comprehensive information about ground objects.

[0112] The data base also includes geospatial data, basic data, monitoring data, business management data and external shared data. According to the accuracy of geospatial data and the scope of construction, the data base is divided into L1, L2 and L3 data bases. Level L1 conducts low- and medium-precision surface modeling of the digital twin basin, including national DOM and DEM / DSM data. Level L2 conducts detailed modeling of key areas of the digital twin basin, including high-resolution DOM, high-precision DEM / DSM, oblique photography images / laser point clouds, underwater terrain and other data in key areas. Level L3 conducts modeling of important entity scenes in the digital twin basin, including high-resolution DOM, high-precision DEM, oblique photography images / laser point clouds, underwater terrain, BIM and other data in the relevant areas of important water conservancy projects.

[0113] In addition, digital twins make full use of data such as physical models, sensor updates, and operation history, integrate multi-disciplinary, multi-physical quantity, multi-scale, and multi-probability simulation processes, and complete mapping in virtual space, thereby reflecting the full life cycle of the corresponding physical equipment. The digital twin water conservancy project targeted by the present invention uses physical water conservancy projects as units, spatiotemporal data as the foundation, mathematical models as the core, and water conservancy knowledge as the driving force. It digitally maps, intelligently simulates, and previews all elements and the entire construction and operation process of physical water conservancy projects, and synchronizes simulation, virtual-real interaction, and iterative optimization with physical combing projects to achieve real-time monitoring of physical water conservancy projects, identify problems, and optimize scheduling.

[0114] The digital mapping of the twin scene using the GIS modeling tool includes the following steps:

[0115] (1) Station modeling. This is used to record the actual geographic attributes of objects such as hydraulic structures and sensors. The default field modeling includes a unique identification ID, name, latitude and longitude location, tree-level relationships, whether to draw by default in the GIS system (supports individual settings at the station level, not the layer level), and extended fields. Custom station attributes can be added based on project requirements, such as setting the visible range of the station.

[0116] (2) Field modeling. Different business modules have different focuses. Pump stations monitor output, rain gauges monitor rainfall, and hydrological stations monitor water level and flow. Fields are a description of station attributes, including dynamic measurement point definitions of sensors such as dam water level, available storage capacity, and water level before and after the gate. They also include inherent attribute definitions such as station classification, dead water level, and flood limit water level.

[0117] Field modeling defines fields of different businesses, types, and data retrieval logic in a unified manner to facilitate subsequent data acquisition and statistics, including settings such as the field English name, Chinese display name, unit, precision, number of decimal places, field type, default data retrieval table, and default calculation type.

[0118] (3) Topic modeling. Based on the business module division, create typical topics and conduct unified modeling and management of the sites and monitoring elements involved in each topic. For example:

[0119] The rainfall information section of the measuring station conducts statistical analysis on rainfall stations and combines the statistical data of the measuring stations based on conditions such as station type, rainfall classification, and statistical period type;

[0120] Monitoring topics can carry out real-time monitoring of key elements under each topic and support dynamic refresh;

[0121] The alarm topic supports statistics, hierarchical display and positioning of missing numbers, exceeding limits and abnormal amplitude changes.

[0122] (4) Scenario modeling. Based on the actual project situation, access different basemap services, images, terrain, vector and other spatial data resources, build different GIS topics according to business needs, and integrate maps and business information on the 2D and 3D systems.

[0123] To meet the "four-prediction" business requirements of water conservancy and hydropower transmission scheduling, flood prevention and disaster reduction, and other areas, it is necessary to build highly accurate waterway and river models for visual analysis and rehearsal. Because floods or natural disasters can cause changes in river topography, dynamic models of key river sections are necessary.

[0124] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the dynamic model construction comprises the following steps:

[0125] (1) Extract the centerline and width of the river, extract the water body vector map Shp based on the time series remote sensing image, and dynamically construct the topological relationship of the water body objects.

[0126] (2) For the changing riverbed, based on the collected underwater terrain data and combined with the river boundary information, a constraint-based Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to construct a TIN irregular triangular mesh, complete the automatic fitting of the underwater terrain and boundaries, and realize the dynamic modeling and expression of the evolving riverbed.

[0127] ① Terrain data preprocessing

[0128] The acquired underwater terrain data is preprocessed, including denoising, filtering, interpolation and other operations, to improve data quality and accuracy. Figure 2 shown.

[0129] ② Construction of irregular triangulated network model of underwater terrain

[0130] Different from the grid model which is suitable for modeling regular terrain data, the triangular mesh model is more suitable for modeling irregular underwater terrain.

[0131] Use the traditional Delaunay triangulation algorithm to triangulate the terrain data and generate the initial irregular triangular mesh (T). The specific steps are as follows:

[0132] Step 1: Determine the first side. Find the line connecting the two points with the smallest distance, which is the first side.

[0133] Step 2: Determine the first triangle. Using the two endpoints of the first side as starting points, find the third point of the triangle so that the cosine of the angle between the vectors is minimized.

[0134]

[0135] in:

[0136] p1, p2 are the two endpoints determined in the first step, p i The third point to look for.

[0137] θ is a vector and vector Angle.

[0138] Step 3: Find the expansion triangle. Using the three sides of the initial triangle as a base, expand outward to find expansion points that can form a triangle without overlapping existing triangles. As in step 2, calculate the cosine of the angles between all expansion points and two points on the base side. Take the point with the smallest cosine and construct the expansion triangle with the base side.

[0139] Step 4: Repeat step 3 until all points are connected and the TIN irregular triangulated network model is completed. Figure 3 、 4 shown.

[0140] The initialization of the digital twin scene is encapsulated, and the data base is initialized according to the configuration content by passing in js / json configuration information. Both scene parameters and platform data can be exported as json files. As another outstanding substantive feature of this invention, it rapidly constructs water conservancy and hydropower digital twin scenes, realizes the integration and application of multi-source data, and implements dynamic modeling for key river sections and changing riverbeds, supporting the visualization analysis and visualization preview application of the "four predictions" of digital twin water conservancy.

[0141] It is worth noting that, in response to the existing problem of difficulty in fusing multi-source data of the full-factor spatiotemporal base, the present invention integrates multi-source heterogeneous data of the data base through a combination of data format conversion, data interoperability, and direct data access modes; and fuses different geographic spatial data through projection conversion, coordinate conversion, data format conversion, data cutting and splicing. Combined with GIS modeling tools, multi-source data are uniformly coded and mapped according to standard specifications, and a relationship connection is established between spatial entity objects and water conservancy and hydropower business objects, realizing unified identification across stages, businesses, and types. The fusion and application of business data are realized through unified interface specifications and indexing technology, and finally the digital mapping of the twin scene is completed.

[0142] Step 3: Development of water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0143] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, step 3 specifically comprises:

[0144] By integrating map libraries and open source libraries such as Truf and Terraformer, and deeply integrating algorithms in professional fields such as water and rainfall conditions, meteorology, and new energy, we develop general components and GIS application components for water conservancy and hydropower. General components for water conservancy and hydropower include water and rainfall condition components, gate valve monitoring components, safety monitoring components, and intelligent monitoring components. The water and rainfall condition components include water level change components, dynamic rainfall intensity components, inundation analysis components, and emergency analysis components. The GIS application components focus on providing GIS map spatial associations, spatial analysis results display and special effects display, and realize business overlay based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated GIS engine for water conservancy and hydropower. They include visualization components, analysis components, and special effects components. The visualization components include isosurfaces, surface rainfall, and Thiessen polygons. The analysis components include GIS service queries, dynamic rivers, and grid forecasts. The special effects components include gate switch special effects and dynamic water areas.

[0145] Establish low-coupling component development logic to achieve independent operation of each application component. Adopt a widget modular development approach to subdivide water conservancy and hydropower related businesses into several submodules. Each submodule is independent and decoupled from each other, and each module holds the current map object viewer.

[0146] It should be noted that a component is an object that is used to simply encapsulate data and methods.

[0147] Component data includes data packages, data layers, auxiliary layers, and data drawing. Design the component's calling interface, including input parameters and output results. Use configuration files to specify component behavior, such as data sources, layer styles, and drawing tools. Use the Webpack tool to package the component into a single JavaScript file, while also packaging the configuration file into a separate JSON file. This static resource is compatible with front-end framework applications. Configure and activate the call according to project specific requirements during system initialization.

[0148] Another significant and substantial feature of this invention is that, to address the low integration of water conservancy and hydropower services in existing technologies, this invention incorporates algorithms from specialized fields such as water and rainfall, meteorology, and new energy, adopting a modular development approach. This subdivides water conservancy and hydropower-related services into several submodules, forming reusable spatial analysis components with excellent scalability. Step 4, Visualization, integrates mainstream front-end frameworks such as jQuery, React, and VUE to visualize and analyze water conservancy and hydropower data and digital twin scenarios.

[0149] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, step 4 specifically comprises:

[0150] Two-dimensional visualization focuses on browsing, querying, statistics and analysis; three-dimensional visualization includes two- and three-dimensional linkage, visual roaming, and visual analysis, providing data browsing, querying, editing, and analysis functions in two- and three-dimensional scenes.

[0151] Through the data service middleware, business data from various professional systems is accessed and standardized, enabling the binding of the actual location and inherent attributes of hydraulic structures and other land features with the professional business data. The data service middleware provides data request and push services through various interface protocols such as HttpREST, WebSocket, and TCP / IP.

[0152] For large-scale 3D scenes at the water conservancy and hydropower basin and plant level, we use LOD dynamic loading technology to layer DOM, DEM, and other data, construct tile pyramids, and perform dynamic scheduling. We convert common 3D model formats, including FBX and OBJ, into GLTF / GLB data formats that support the WebGL standard. In 3D GIS scenes, we restore model textures and baked effects with high fidelity, and present them visually through Sharder programming. Cross-platform display is achieved using H5, canvas, SVG, and WebGL technologies.

[0153] It should be noted that LOD technology (Levels of Detail) is a multi-level detail technology that is used to determine the resource allocation for object rendering based on the position and importance of the nodes of the object model in the display environment, reduce the number of faces and detail of non-important objects, and thus obtain efficient rendering operations.

[0154] When initializing the rendering of the 3D GIS scene of the watershed and hydropower station, the study area location, tilt angle, and field of view distance are specified according to project needs. At the same time, it supports any combination and parameter settings of base map layer groups, custom layer groups, and different layer types. The base map layer groups include raster tiles / images, and the different layer types include vector raster layers.

[0155] It should be noted that 3D visualization rendering is the process of using computer graphics technology to convert 3D model data into realistic or style-specific 3D images, which is used to simulate the real world or achieve artistic expression.

[0156] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the calling process of water conservancy and hydropower business components and GIS application components is as follows:

[0157] To meet the needs of hydropower big data analysis and display, ECharts GL is integrated to overlay various visualization chart components such as heat maps, wind direction maps, honeycomb maps, intensity lines, migration maps, scatter plots, and flow direction maps. The thematic chart interface is encapsulated to form an API.

[0158] The scene loading frame rate is ≥30FPS under different hardware configurations, and the scene loading time is less than or equal to 10 seconds.

[0159] As another outstanding substantial feature of the present invention, in response to the problem of low efficiency in GIS project development in the prior art, the present invention develops a GIS configuration tool that can realize customized application and display through configuration, support multi-project reuse, and quickly respond to project needs.

[0160] It should be noted that the 2D and 3D integrated GIS provided by the present invention organically combines 2D GIS and 3D GIS to achieve 2D and 3D interaction. The 2D and 3D integrated GIS system serves as the spatiotemporal digital foundation for building digital twins, enabling full-factor mapping of geographic spatial information, including DOM, DEM, oblique photography models, underwater terrain, and BIM models. It enables access and processing of multi-source heterogeneous data, efficiently integrates IoT perception information and operational status data, and rapidly and accurately models and expresses physical watersheds. At the same time, the GIS system can dynamically load large-scale, multi-source heterogeneous GIS data and models, providing a technical visualization platform support for the visualization of 2D and 3D data.

[0161] like Figure 1As shown, embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a GIS development system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications, and runs a GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications described in embodiment 1, including: a water conservancy and hydropower two- and three-dimensional GIS general development platform, a water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base, a component module and a visualization module.

[0162] Specifically, the universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower is used to build a universal 2D and 3D development framework for water conservancy and hydropower based on JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, building on the foundation of the hydropower 2D multi-engine and 3D GIS open source engine Cesium. WebGL technology is used to develop a plug-in-free loading and rendering engine for 3D scenes based on Cesium, and the basic development framework is encapsulated and encrypted to provide a secondary interface. The platform has integrated 2D and 3D engines from open source and the power industry, such as OpenLayers, Cesium, State Grid Siji, and Southern Grid Zhikan. Through projection conversion, coordinate conversion, texture mapping, and business sharing, the platform enables free conversion and switching of 2D and 3D scenes, breaking through the traditional 2D and 3D GIS engine's ability to achieve 2D browsing only by switching perspectives. The seamless switching of engines significantly improves the system's loading efficiency in 2D mode.

[0163] The water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base supports a variety of database structures, non-relational databases and object databases. The non-relational databases include storage of business data, monitoring data, statistical analysis data, etc. The object databases include storage of geographic spatial data, model data, etc., and a combination of data format conversion, data interoperability and direct data access is used to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data of the data base. Projection conversion, coordinate conversion, data format conversion, data cutting and splicing are used to integrate geographic spatial data such as DOM, DEM, oblique photography models, underwater terrain, and BIM models. Geospatial data, monitoring data, file data, audio and video data, etc. are uniformly coded and mapped according to standard specifications, and a relationship connection is established between spatial entity objects and water conservancy and hydropower business objects to achieve unified identification across stages, businesses, and types. The integration and application of business data are achieved through unified interface specifications and indexing technology. Finally, the digital mapping of the twin scene is completed.

[0164] The component module is used to build independently running water conservancy and hydropower business components and GIS application components. It adopts the widget modular development method to subdivide water conservancy and hydropower related businesses into several sub-modules. Each sub-module is independent and decoupled from each other. Each module holds the current map object viewer.

[0165] The visualization module integrates mainstream front-end frameworks such as jQuery, React, and VUE for visualization and application analysis. Through the data service middleware, it accesses business data from various professional systems and standardizes and organizes it, enabling the binding of the actual location and inherent attributes of features such as hydraulic structures with various professional business data. The data service middleware provides data request and push services through various interface protocols such as Http REST, WebSocket, and TCP / IP.

[0166] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is loaded into the processor, the method for developing a GIS for digital twin applications of water conservancy and hydropower according to embodiment 1 is implemented.

[0167] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to embodiment 1.

[0168] The present disclosure may be a system, method and / or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable program instructions for causing a processor to implement various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0169] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Build a universal 2D and 3D GIS development framework, integrate 2D and 3D GIS engines, and form a universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower; Based on the universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower, the multi-source heterogeneous data of the data base is integrated to build a water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base and create a digital twin scenario; Based on the water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base and the construction of digital twin scenarios, modularly construct water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components; Integrate front-end framework to visualize and analyze water conservancy and hydropower data and digital twin scenarios.

2. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 1 is characterized by: Building a general 2D and 3D GIS development framework includes: Build a universal 2D and 3D development framework for water conservancy and hydropower based on the hydropower 2D multi-engine and 3D GIS open source engine Cesium; The 2D GIS engine is used to organize / parse 2D data objects and access various data services. It is also used to render 2D visual scenes, respond to data indicator changes in real time, and coordinate the connection of various business system processes. The 3D GIS engine is used to schedule and render 3D scenes, and realistically present 3D scenes through WebGL.

3. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 2 is characterized by: The integrated 2D and 3D GIS engine includes: Store unified map objects, obtain map elements required for integrating 2D and 3D GIS engines, and manage map information when switching 2D and 3D GIS engines. The map elements include map initialization perspective, map zoom level, and layer controller. Switching between two-dimensional and three-dimensional GIS engines is achieved through coordinate system conversion, projection transformation, visual texture mapping, spatial analysis of different dimensions and query optimization. Coordinate the views of 2D and 3D maps.

4. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 3 is characterized by: The construction of the spatiotemporal data base for water conservancy and hydropower includes: A GIS modeling tool is constructed to support GIS business modeling based on a model tree. The functions of the GIS modeling tool include basic geographic information storage, site relationship storage, and attribute configuration of thematic applications; the modeling levels include scenes, themes, stations, and fields.

5. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 4 is characterized by: The construction of the spatiotemporal data base for water conservancy and hydropower includes: Based on the 2D GIS engine, a 2D spatiotemporal base is created to provide tile map services that comply with the Open Geospatial Information Alliance standard. The tile map services include raster data services and vector data services. Based on the 3D GIS engine, a 3D spatiotemporal base is created to provide 3D model data services.

6. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 5 is characterized by: The construction of the spatiotemporal data base for water conservancy and hydropower includes: Integrate multi-source heterogeneous data from the data base, and fuse geographic spatial data using projection transformation, coordinate transformation, data format conversion, and data cutting and splicing; combine GIS modeling tools to uniformly encode and map geographic spatial data, monitoring data, file data, and audio and video data according to standard specifications, establish a relationship connection between spatial entity objects and water conservancy and hydropower business objects, and use it for unified identification across stages, businesses, and types, and realize the integration and application of business data through unified interface specifications and indexing technology.

7. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 6 is characterized by: Building a digital twin scenario includes: Based on the spatiotemporal data base of water resources and hydropower, a dynamic model of the river section is constructed for visual analysis and preview, including: Extract the centerline and width of the river, extract the water body vector graph (Shp) based on the time series remote sensing image, and dynamically construct the topological relationship of the water body object; For the changing riverbed, based on the collected underwater terrain data and combined with the river boundary information, a constraint-based Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to construct an irregular triangular mesh, automatically fitting the underwater terrain and boundaries for dynamic modeling and expression of the evolving riverbed.

8. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 7 is characterized by: The modular construction of water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components includes: Integrate map libraries and open source libraries, combine professional field algorithms, and develop general components for water conservancy and hydropower and GIS application components; Professional field algorithms include: at least one professional field algorithm in water and rainfall conditions, meteorology, and new energy; General components for water conservancy and hydropower include: water and rainfall condition components, gate valve monitoring components, safety monitoring components, and intelligent monitoring components; GIS application components include: visualization components, analysis components and special effects components.

9. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 8 is characterized by: The modular construction of water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components includes: Using a widget modular development approach, water conservancy and hydropower related businesses are divided into several sub-modules. Each sub-module is independent and decoupled from each other, and each sub-module holds the current map object viewer.

10. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 9, characterized in that: The component data of water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components include data packages, data layers, auxiliary layers and data drawing; Design the component's calling interface, including input parameters and output results, specify the component's behavior through a configuration file, package the component into a separate JavaScript file using a module packaging tool, and package the configuration file into an independent JSON file, making it compatible with front-end framework applications in the form of static resources.

11. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 10, characterized in that: Visual display and application analysis include: Integrate jQuery, React, and VUE front-end frameworks, access business data from various professional systems through data service middleware, and perform standardized compilation to bind the real location and inherent attributes of land features with various professional business data; The data service middleware provides data request / push services through interface protocols, including HttpREST, WebSocket and TCP / IP.

12. The GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to claim 11, characterized in that: Visualization and application analysis of water conservancy and hydropower data and digital twin scenarios include: For large-scale 3D scenes at the water conservancy and hydropower basin level and plant level, LOD dynamic loading is used to layer DOM and DEM data, build tile pyramids, and perform dynamic scheduling. When initializing the rendering of the 3D GIS scene of the watershed and hydropower station, the position, tilt angle, and field of view distance are specified. It supports base map layer groups, custom layer groups, and any combination of different layer types and parameter settings.

13. A GIS development system for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications, based on a GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: include: The universal 2D and 3D GIS development platform for water conservancy and hydropower encapsulates the universal 2D and 3D development framework for water conservancy and hydropower; A water conservancy and hydropower spatiotemporal data base, including unified coding and mapping of geospatial data, monitoring data, file data, audio and video data according to standard specifications, as well as digital mapping of twin scenarios; The component modules include independently running water conservancy and hydropower related business components and GIS application components; The visualization module integrates the front-end framework to visualize and analyze water conservancy and hydropower data and digital twin scenarios.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the computer program is loaded into the processor, it implements the GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein: When the computer program is executed by a processor, a GIS development method for water conservancy and hydropower digital twin applications according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is implemented.

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