Self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system, and belongs to the technical field of energy recovery and intelligent thermal management, the self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system comprises a vibration energy capture and power generation subsystem and a bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem, the vibration energy capture and power generation subsystem comprises a piezoelectric array, a thermoelectric module and an energy storage device; the piezoelectric array is used for capturing vibration energy and converting the vibration energy into first electric energy, the thermoelectric module is used for conducting thermoelectric conversion through the temperature difference between the interior and the exterior of an oil tank to generate second electric energy, and the first electric energy and the second electric energy are stored in the energy storage device. The bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem comprises a thermoelectric refrigeration sheet, the thermoelectric refrigeration sheet is used for consuming electric energy in a low-temperature environment to heat the oil liquid, refrigerating the oil liquid in a high-temperature environment and converting waste heat into third electric energy, and the third electric energy is stored in the energy storage device. Self power supply is achieved through vibration energy and temperature difference generated in the vehicle running process, and stable temperature control over the oil tank can be achieved in the extreme environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy recovery and intelligent thermal management, in particular to a self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of infrastructure construction, the engineering machinery industry has continued to expand. The number of heavy diesel engineering vehicles has increased, and their annual energy consumption accounts for 18% of the total energy consumption in the industrial field, and carbon emissions account for as high as 12%. When such vehicles work in extremely low or high temperature environments, the viscosity characteristics of lubricating oil are easily affected by temperature fluctuations: under low temperature conditions, the flowability of oil decreases significantly, leading to lubrication failure and exacerbating engine cold start wear; under high temperature working conditions, the oxidation rate of oil increases, and carbon deposition and sediment increase, further accelerating the wear of key components, severely restricting the safety and efficiency of vehicle operation.

[0003] At present, the traditional temperature control scheme mainly relies on electric heating or air cooling devices driven by external power supply, which has the following technical bottlenecks:

[0004] Low energy efficiency: the heating efficiency (COP≤1) of electric heating devices is low, and the power consumption is large, which is contrary to the goal of energy saving and emission reduction;

[0005] Poor environmental adaptability: the air cooling efficiency is insufficient under extreme temperature, and electric heating has a lag when starting at low temperature;

[0006] Strong dependence on power supply: it is difficult to achieve stable temperature control in areas without power grid coverage (such as wild mining areas and plateau construction sites), which limits the operating range of vehicles.

[0007] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-efficiency, self-adaptive, non-grid-dependent lubricating oil temperature control technology to improve the reliability of heavy engineering machinery in complex environments, while reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to provide a self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can utilize the vibration energy and temperature difference generated during vehicle operation to realize self-power supply, and can realize stable temperature control of the oil tank in extreme environments.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0010] The application provides a self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system, comprising a vibration energy capture and conversion system and a bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem, the vibration energy capture and conversion system comprising a piezoelectric array, a thermoelectric module and an energy storage device; the piezoelectric array is used for capturing vibration energy and converting it into first electric energy, the thermoelectric module is used for thermoelectric conversion to generate second electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of an oil tank, and the first electric energy and the second electric energy are used for storage in the energy storage device; the bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem comprises a thermoelectric refrigeration piece, the thermoelectric refrigeration piece is used for consuming electric energy to heat oil in a low-temperature environment, refrigerating oil in a high-temperature environment and converting residual heat into third electric energy, and the third electric energy is used for storage in the energy storage device.

[0011] In an embodiment, further comprising an adaptive regulation subsystem, the adaptive regulation subsystem comprising a self-tuning mass damper and a temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module, the self-tuning mass damper is used for real-time matching of the vehicle vibration frequency spectrum to optimize the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array, and improve the energy capture efficiency; the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module is used for distributing the refrigeration area and the heating area of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece.

[0012] In an embodiment, the self-tuning mass damper adopts an electromagnetic driving mechanism, and adjusts the damping coefficient through feedback control to realize active matching with the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array.

[0013] In an embodiment, the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module dynamically distributes the working area of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece based on finite element thermal field simulation data combined with a genetic algorithm to balance the demand and energy consumption of refrigeration and heating.

[0014] In an embodiment, the layout of the piezoelectric array is analyzed according to the oil tank structure in multi-degree-of-freedom vibration modal analysis, and a distributed arrangement is adopted to maximize the vibration energy capture efficiency.

[0015] In an embodiment, the bismuth telluride in the thermoelectric module adopts a segmented doping process, and the doping concentration near the inner wall of the oil tank is higher than that near the outer wall of the oil tank.

[0016] In an embodiment, the bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem further comprises a flexible heat-conducting silica gel grid, the thermoelectric refrigeration piece is embedded in a grid unit of the flexible heat-conducting silica gel grid, and the node spacing of the grid unit can be dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the oil.

[0017] In an embodiment, the bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem further comprises an intelligent control module, the intelligent control module integrates a fuzzy PID algorithm, real-time monitors the oil temperature, viscosity and environmental parameters, dynamically switches the refrigeration mode and heating mode of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece, and optimizes the waste heat power generation.

[0018] In an embodiment, the energy storage device adopts a super capacitor, which is connected in parallel with the vehicle battery, supports the excess energy to power the vehicle equipment, and adapts to the construction machinery in off-grid areas.

[0019] In an embodiment, a wireless communication module is further included, which is used to connect with the vehicle ECU, upload the temperature control data and energy state in real time, and support remote monitoring and fault diagnosis.

[0020] The present application has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] The present application integrates vibration energy capture, thermoelectric conversion, adaptive thermal compensation and other technologies, and proposes an innovative coupling system, which can utilize the vibration energy and temperature difference generated during vehicle operation to realize self-power supply, effectively improve the thermal management efficiency and energy utilization level of heavy diesel construction vehicles, and at the same time, realize the temperature stable control of the oil tank in extreme environment. Compared with the traditional scheme, the present application has higher energy efficiency and stronger environmental adaptability, can break away from the dependence on external power grid, and supports zero carbon emission operation. The present application fills the technical gap in the field of self-power supply temperature control of heavy vehicles, and provides strong support for the green and intelligent upgrading of construction machinery.

[0022] The other technical solutions included in the present application can also achieve the following technical effects:

[0023] The present application sets up a vibration energy capture and generation system, a bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem and an adaptive control subsystem, the vibration energy capture and generation system and the bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem are coupled through a flexible heat-conducting silica gel grid to form a self-power supply temperature control closed loop, and the adaptive control subsystem is integrated in the bracket and the outer wall of the oil tank to realize dynamic control through spectrum matching and thermal field optimization algorithm. The piezoelectric-thermoelectric coupling module inside and outside the oil tank cooperates with the intelligent control module to realize dynamic compensation of the oil temperature in the full temperature range and self-provision of energy.

[0024] The present application can realize the synergistic effect of vibration-thermoelectric coupling power supply, bidirectional dynamic temperature control and adaptive control, realize the precise dynamic stable control of the oil temperature fluctuation in the full temperature range, at the same time, utilize the vibration energy and temperature difference in the vehicle operation to realize self-power supply, significantly improve the energy utilization efficiency, and the system self-power supply efficiency is higher than that of the traditional scheme, which provides an innovative solution for efficient lubrication and zero carbon operation of heavy diesel construction vehicles in extreme environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 The system layout schematic diagram in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0027] 1, thermoelectric cooling piece; 2, CAN bus; 3, acceleration sensor; 4, intelligent control module; 5, self-tuning mass damper; 6, piezoelectric array; 7, super capacitor; 8, DC / DC converter; 9, electromagnetic drive mechanism; 10, self-diagnosis module; 11, thermoelectric module; 12, temperature measuring ruler; 13, air pressure balance valve; 14, temperature sensor; 15, flexible heat-conducting silica gel grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments only constitute some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort fall within the scope of the present application.

[0029] The purpose of the present application is to provide a self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system to solve the problems in the prior art, which can utilize the vibration energy and temperature difference generated during vehicle operation to realize self-power supply, and can realize stable temperature control of the oil tank in extreme environments.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] The thermoelectric cooling piece (TEC) mentioned in the present application, also known as semiconductor cooling piece or thermoelectric cooling piece, is an electronic device that realizes refrigeration or heating function based on thermoelectric effect (mainly Peltier effect). It is driven by direct current and can make one end of the device cool and the other end heat, and the cooling and heating states can be converted by changing the current direction.

[0032] Thermoelectric Module mentioned in the present invention is a functional device that directly converts electrical energy and thermal energy based on thermoelectric effect (Peltier effect and Seebeck effect), usually integrated by multiple thermocouple pairs (P-type and N-type semiconductors) in series electrically and parallel thermally.

[0033] Self-Tuning Mass Damper (STMD) mentioned in the present invention is an active or semi-active vibration control device that can automatically adjust its parameters (such as damping coefficient, stiffness or frequency) according to the real-time vibration state of the structure, thereby achieving more efficient vibration control in a wider frequency range.

[0034] Piezoelectric Array mentioned in the present invention is a system composed of multiple piezoelectric elements (usually piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric polymers or composites) arranged in a specific geometric layout, which utilizes the piezoelectric effect to achieve the mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy. Through array design, it can realize spatial distributed sensing, driving or energy harvesting functions.

[0035] Thermal Measuring Ruler / Temperature Measuring Strip mentioned in the present invention is a tool or device that combines temperature measurement and length / position marking functions, mainly used for quickly and intuitively obtaining the temperature distribution of an object surface or the temperature value of a specific position. According to the working principle and application scenario, the thermal measuring ruler can be divided into two categories: contact type and non-contact type, and can also have data recording or visual display functions as needed.

[0036] Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Vibration Modal Analysis: The oil tank and its support are modeled using finite element analysis (FEA), and the natural frequency and vibration modes (such as vertical bending, lateral torsion, etc.) are calculated. According to the natural frequency of the oil tank, adjust the size, shape and installation position of the piezoelectric array (such as piezoelectric ceramic units) to match the main vibration modes (such as vertical and lateral) of the oil tank. For example, if the oil tank has the maximum vertical vibration amplitude at 50Hz, the piezoelectric unit is designed to have the highest electromechanical conversion efficiency near 50Hz.

[0037] SOC (State of Charge) of the capacitor mentioned in the present invention is used to describe the proportion of the stored charge in the supercapacitor to its total capacity, similar to the concept of SOC of the battery.

[0038] DC / DC converter mentioned in the present invention is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) voltage to another DC voltage.

[0039] The piezoelectric array can directly generate electricity through mechanical vibration, while the bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thermoelectric module can realize heat-electricity conversion by utilizing temperature difference. The combination of the two can form a distributed self-powered system with certain energy self-sufficiency. In the prior art, the collaborative utilization of vibration energy and heat energy is mostly limited to a single scenario (such as bridge monitoring or wearable devices), and has not been optimized for the complex working conditions of heavy vehicle fuel tanks. On the other hand, the traditional thermoelectric module has low temperature difference utilization rate, and the piezoelectric array has insufficient vibration frequency spectrum matching, resulting in limited energy capture efficiency; in addition, there is a lack of dynamic thermal compensation mechanism, making it difficult to balance the bidirectional demand of low-temperature heating and high-temperature heat dissipation, and easy to cause local thermal stress overload.

[0040] As shown in Figure 1 The present application provides a self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system, mainly used for vehicle lubricating oil tank, including vibration energy capture and generation subsystem and bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem, the vibration energy capture and generation subsystem includes piezoelectric array 6, thermoelectric module 11 and energy storage device. The piezoelectric array 6 is used to capture vibration energy and convert it into first electric energy, and the thermoelectric module 11 is used to utilize the temperature difference inside and outside the oil tank for thermoelectric conversion to generate second electric energy, and the first electric energy and the second electric energy are stored in the energy storage device, which can be a battery or a capacitor. The bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem includes a thermoelectric refrigeration sheet 1, which is used to consume electric energy to heat the oil in a low-temperature environment, and to refrigerate the oil in a high-temperature environment and convert the residual heat into third electric energy, which is stored in the energy storage device.

[0041] The present application integrates vibration energy capture, thermoelectric conversion, adaptive thermal compensation and other technologies, and proposes an innovative coupling system. The coupling system can utilize the vibration energy generated during vehicle operation through the piezoelectric array 6, and utilize the temperature difference through the thermoelectric module 11 to realize self-power generation, effectively improve the thermal management efficiency and energy utilization level of heavy diesel engineering vehicles, and at the same time, utilize the thermoelectric refrigeration sheet 1 to refrigerate or heat the lubricating oil, which can realize temperature stable control of the oil tank in extreme environments. Compared with the traditional scheme, the present application has higher energy efficiency and stronger environmental adaptability, and can realize zero carbon emission operation by collaborative power generation of vibration energy and temperature difference energy, which can break the dependence on external power grid. The present application fills the technical gap in the field of self-powered temperature control of heavy vehicles, and provides strong support for the green and intelligent upgrading of engineering machinery.

[0042] In extremely cold mining areas, the system can preferentially utilize vibration energy (from bumpy roads) and engine waste heat temperature difference to generate electricity, which can raise the oil temperature in a short time, and the cold start time is shorter than that of the traditional scheme. When the vehicle continues to work and the oil temperature rises to a higher value, the system switches to waste heat power generation mode to meet the power supply demand of on-board lighting equipment.

[0043] In an embodiment, the piezoelectric array 6 is arranged at the bottom of the oil tank and the support, the oil tank is connected to the vehicle through the support, the support can be made of light alloy material (such as aluminum alloy), and is designed as a multi-section frame structure, rigidly connected to the bottom of the oil tank, and extended to the vehicle chassis on both sides to capture vibration energy. The middle part of the support can be integrated with an elastic substrate for buffering high-frequency vibrations and transmitting low-frequency energy to the piezoelectric array 6 to improve the efficiency of mechanical vibration conversion to electrical energy.

[0044] In this example, the distributed piezoelectric array 6 is designed by using multi-degree-of-freedom vibration modal analysis, each group of piezoelectric units is made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5H) material, the surface is plated with nickel electrode, and is mechanically coupled with the support through the elastic substrate. The array layout of the piezoelectric array 6 is resonant matched according to the natural frequency of the oil tank, so as to ensure that the vertical and lateral vibration energy generated during vehicle driving can be efficiently converted into electrical energy.

[0045] In an embodiment, an adaptive control subsystem is further included, which comprises a self-tuning mass damper 5 and a temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module. The self-tuning mass damper 5 is used to match the vibration frequency spectrum of the vehicle in real time to optimize the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array 6 and improve the energy capture efficiency. The temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module is used to distribute the refrigeration and heating areas of the thermoelectric cooling sheet 1.

[0046] In this example, the self-tuning mass damper 5 is installed in the middle part of the support, and the damping coefficient is adjusted in real time through feedback control, so that the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array 6 matches the main frequency of the vehicle vibration. The system communicates with the vehicle ECU through the CAN bus 2, and uploads data such as vibration frequency spectrum, temperature difference distribution and energy storage state in real time.

[0047] The adaptive control subsystem of the present application combines the self-tuning mass damper 5 and the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module, which can ensure the stable operation of the system under extremely cold, high temperature and all-terrain vibration frequency spectrum, and is suitable for extreme scenes such as mine and field rescue.

[0048] In an embodiment, the self-tuning mass damper 5 comprises an electromagnetic driving mechanism 9 and an acceleration sensor 3. The electromagnetic driving mechanism 9 is designed outside the oil tank and has electrical connection with the inside of the oil tank to prevent the eddy current effect from heating the internal oil body and ensure safety. The damping coefficient of the self-tuning mass damper 5 is adjusted by the electromagnetic driving mechanism 9 through feedback control to realize active matching with the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array 6.

[0049] In an embodiment, the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module dynamically allocates the working area of the thermoelectric cooling sheet 1 based on the finite element thermal field simulation data and genetic algorithm, and balances the demand and energy consumption of refrigeration and heating.

[0050] In this example, the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module divides the outer wall of the oil tank into multiple thermal zones based on the finite element model, dynamically allocates the refrigeration or heating power of each region of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 in combination with the genetic algorithm, and automatically reduces the load of the region and starts the thermal balance mode when detecting that the local temperature difference exceeds the threshold.

[0051] The application process of genetic algorithm in temperature difference distribution optimization is as follows:

[0052] ① Problem modeling: divide the outer wall of the oil tank into multiple thermal zones (such as grid elements), and establish a multi-objective function with the temperature difference of each region, thermal load, and energy consumption as the optimization target.

[0053] ② Initial population generation: randomly generate several power distribution schemes (such as the refrigeration or heating power proportion of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 in different regions).

[0054] ③ Fitness evaluation: calculate the temperature difference balance, energy consumption, and local overload risk of each scheme through finite element thermal field simulation, and give a fitness score.

[0055] ④ Selection, crossover, and mutation:

[0056] Selection: retain schemes with high fitness (such as uniform temperature difference and low energy consumption).

[0057] Crossover: exchange the power distribution strategies of some regions of two high-quality schemes to generate new schemes.

[0058] Mutation: randomly adjust the power distribution proportion of a region to avoid local optimization.

[0059] ⑤ Iterative optimization: repeat the above steps until convergence, output the optimal power distribution strategy, and dynamically adjust the working mode of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1.

[0060] In an embodiment, the layout of the piezoelectric array 6 is analyzed according to the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration modal analysis of the oil tank structure, and a distributed arrangement is adopted to maximize the vibration energy capture efficiency.

[0061] In an embodiment, the bismuth telluride in the thermoelectric module 11 adopts a segmented doping process, and the doping concentration near the inner wall of the oil tank is higher than that near the outer wall of the oil tank.

[0062] In this example, the outer wall of the oil tank integrates a bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thermoelectric module 11 using a segmented gradient doping process, with higher doping concentration in the inner wall region and lower doping concentration in the outer wall region, which can effectively improve the temperature difference utilization rate. The output end of the thermoelectric module 11 is connected in parallel with the piezoelectric array 6, rectified by the DC / DC converter 8, and connected to the super capacitor 7. The super capacitor 7 is connected in parallel with the vehicle battery through a bidirectional inverter, supporting power feedback.

[0063] In an embodiment, the bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem further comprises a flexible heat-conductive silica gel mesh 15, and the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 is embedded in a mesh unit of the flexible heat-conductive silica gel mesh 15, and the node spacing of the mesh unit can be dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the oil.

[0064] In this example, the inner wall of the oil tank is embedded with the flexible heat-conductive silica gel mesh 15, and the node spacing of the mesh unit is dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the oil. In a low-temperature environment, the spacing is contracted to enhance heat conduction, and in a high-temperature environment, the spacing is expanded to inhibit heat accumulation. Each mesh unit is embedded with a thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1, and the two ends thereof are respectively in contact with the mesh unit and the oil. The thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 is adjusted as needed. In heating mode, the hot end is in contact with the oil, and the cold end is in contact with the mesh unit. In refrigeration mode, the cold end is in contact with the oil, and the hot end is in contact with the mesh unit. Based on the "power generation-temperature control" cycle of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1, the oil temperature fluctuation range is reduced compared with traditional technologies, and the lubrication stability is effectively improved.

[0065] The temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module of the present application can avoid local overload of the thermoelectric module 11, and the flexible heat-conductive silica gel mesh 15 design can balance thermal stress, and the system failure rate is reduced compared with traditional solutions.

[0066] In an embodiment, the bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem further comprises an intelligent control module 4, which integrates a fuzzy PID algorithm, and monitors the oil temperature (for example, temperature monitoring by a temperature gauge 12), viscosity and environmental parameters in real time, dynamically switches the refrigeration mode and heating mode of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1, and optimizes the waste heat power generation.

[0067] In this example, the intelligent control module 4 integrates a temperature-viscosity joint sensor. When the oil temperature is low, the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 is switched to heating mode to preferentially heat the high-viscosity oil at the bottom. When the oil temperature is high, the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 is switched to refrigeration mode, and the waste heat of the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 is used for power generation, forming a "refrigeration-power generation" cycle.

[0068] In an embodiment, the energy storage device uses a super capacitor 7, which is connected in parallel with the vehicle-mounted battery, supports the use of excess power to supply power to vehicle-mounted equipment, and is suitable for engineering machinery in areas without power grids. The energy storage and waste heat power generation technology of the super capacitor 7 further optimizes energy utilization.

[0069] In this example, the super capacitor 7 is connected in parallel with the vehicle-mounted battery, and when the capacitor SOC is lower than a threshold value, it is automatically switched to a vehicle-mounted battery power supply mode. The intelligent control module 4 monitors the impedance change of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 in real time. If the impedance deviation of a certain mesh unit exceeds a set value, it is determined to be an aging failure, triggering a warning and isolating the mesh unit, and the system switches to a redundant mesh unit to continue running, ensuring the continuity of temperature control.

[0070] In one embodiment, the system also includes a wireless communication module, which connects to the vehicle's ECU to upload real-time temperature control data and energy status, supporting remote monitoring and fault diagnosis. It enables multi-source power supply mode switching and modular expansion, adapting to different oil types and construction machinery requirements, providing a standardized solution for intelligent thermal management of heavy-duty vehicles.

[0071] The specific working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0072] The self-powered temperature control process is initiated under low-temperature conditions: When the vehicle starts, the vibration energy capture and generation subsystem is first activated: the piezoelectric array 6 converts chassis vibrations into pulsed current, and the thermoelectric module 11 uses the internal and external temperature difference during the engine preheating phase to generate steady-state electricity. The supercapacitor 7 quickly completes pre-charging and supplies power to the thermoelectric cooler 1. Upon detecting high oil viscosity, the intelligent control module 4 activates the heating mode of the bottom thermoelectric cooler 1, quickly raising the bottom oil temperature to the set value and reducing the viscosity. The flexible thermally conductive silicone mesh 15 contracts to its minimum spacing, accelerating heat transfer upward. The middle oil layer heats up due to the residual heat gradient, keeping the overall temperature difference within a small range.

[0073] Dynamic thermal compensation is initiated under high-temperature operating conditions: When the ambient temperature is high, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of thermoelectric module 11 reverses, and the system switches to cooling mode. The cold end of thermoelectric cooling plate 1 forcibly dissipates heat from the oil, while the residual heat from the hot end is regenerated by thermoelectric module 11 to replenish stored energy. Simultaneously, the adaptive control subsystem initiates thermal field optimization: a genetic algorithm divides the rear side of the fuel tank's outer wall (closer to the engine) into a high-cooling priority area, increasing the power allocation to thermoelectric cooling plate 1 while maintaining only basic heat dissipation in the front area. As the oil temperature drops, its oxidation rate decreases, and the system sends a cooling completion signal to the ECU via the wireless module.

[0074] In high temperature conditions, the genetic algorithm optimizes the cooling power distribution according to the following steps:

[0075] ① Priority division: Based on the finite element thermal field data, the rear side of the fuel tank outer wall (close to the engine) is marked as a high cooling priority area (large temperature difference and high heat flux density), and the front side is a low priority area.

[0076] ② Constraint setting: limit the total power to not exceed the available power of the supercapacitor 7, and set the local temperature difference threshold (such as ΔT ≤ 10°C).

[0077] ③Algorithm execution:

[0078] In the initial solution, a higher power ratio (eg 70%) is allocated to the rear side and 30% is allocated to the front side.

[0079] Through the crossover and mutation operations of the genetic algorithm, the effect of increasing the rear-side power ratio (eg, 80%) on the overall temperature difference is explored.

[0080] If the local temperature difference exceeds the limit in an iteration, the power of the region is reduced and the thermal balance mode (such as forced temperature equalization) is started.

[0081] ④Real-time adjustment: Combine vehicle sensor data, update thermal field model every 5 seconds, re-run genetic algorithm to ensure dynamic adaptation to environmental changes.

[0082] Start the vibration spectrum adaptation process in all-terrain conditions: When driving on unpaved roads, the self-tuning mass damper 5 captures the vibration spectrum through the acceleration sensor 3, and the electromagnetic drive mechanism 9 adjusts the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array 6 to the matching value in a short time, and the vibration energy conversion efficiency is improved compared with the traditional scheme. At the same time, the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module dynamically adjusts the load of the thermoelectric refrigeration piece 1 according to the real-time thermal field data to avoid the performance degradation of the thermoelectric module 11 caused by local overheating.

[0083] Safety and maintenance mechanism runs continuously in all conditions: The air pressure balance valve 13 and temperature sensor 14 are integrated at the top of the oil tank. When the internal pressure or oil temperature exceeds the set value, the air pressure balance valve 13 is automatically opened for pressure relief and power cut-off. The self-diagnosis module 10 generates a system health report every month, which is uploaded to the cloud through a wireless network, prompting maintenance personnel to replace the piezoelectric units in the piezoelectric array 6 that have reached the end of their service life or clean the surface dust of the thermoelectric module 11.

[0084] In the present application, specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation method and application range will be changed. In summary, the content of the present application should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system, characterized in that: include: A vibration energy capture and generation subsystem comprising a piezoelectric array, a thermoelectric module, and an energy storage device; The piezoelectric array is used to capture vibration energy and convert it into first electrical energy. The thermoelectric module is used to generate second electrical energy by performing thermoelectric conversion using the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the fuel tank. The first electrical energy and the second electrical energy are stored in the energy storage device. And a bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem, which includes a thermoelectric cooling plate, which is used to consume electrical energy to heat oil in a low-temperature environment, cool oil in a high-temperature environment and use waste heat to convert it into a third electrical energy, and the third electrical energy is used to be stored in the energy storage device.

2. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an adaptive control subsystem, which includes a self-tuning mass damper and a temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module. The self-tuning mass damper is used to match the vehicle vibration spectrum in real time to optimize the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array and improve energy capture efficiency; the temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module is used to allocate the cooling area and heating area of ​​the thermoelectric cooling plate.

3. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-tuning mass damper adopts an electromagnetic drive mechanism and adjusts the damping coefficient through feedback control to achieve active matching with the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric array.

4. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature difference distribution optimization algorithm module dynamically allocates the working area of ​​the thermoelectric cooling plate based on finite element thermal field simulation data in combination with a genetic algorithm to balance the demand and energy consumption of cooling and heating.

5. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layout of the piezoelectric array is subjected to multi-degree-of-freedom vibration modal analysis based on the tank structure, and a distributed arrangement is adopted to maximize the vibration energy capture efficiency.

6. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bismuth telluride in the thermoelectric module is doped using a segmented doping process, and the doping concentration in the area close to the inner wall of the fuel tank is higher than the doping concentration in the area outside the fuel tank.

7. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem further includes a flexible thermally conductive silicone grid, the thermoelectric cooling sheet is embedded in a grid unit of the flexible thermally conductive silicone grid, and the node spacing of the grid unit can be dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the oil.

8. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bidirectional thermal compensation subsystem also includes an intelligent control module, which integrates a fuzzy PID algorithm to monitor oil temperature, viscosity and environmental parameters in real time, dynamically switch the cooling mode and heating mode of the thermoelectric refrigeration plate, and optimize the waste heat power generation power.

9. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device uses a supercapacitor, which is connected in parallel with the vehicle battery to support surplus electricity to power vehicle equipment and is suitable for construction machinery in areas without power grids.

10. The self-powered temperature control and dynamic thermal compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wireless communication module, which is used to connect to the vehicle ECU, upload temperature control data and energy status in real time, and support remote monitoring and fault diagnosis.

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