Water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on flexible support photovoltaic

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible support photovoltaic-based water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system, and relates to the technical field of ecological water conservancy projects and intelligent agriculture. In order to solve the practical problems of large rainfall season distribution difference, serious underground leakage and poor surface water retention capacity in a karst region and solve the problem of engineering water shortage faced by regional ecological restoration, the following technical scheme is provided: a water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on flexible bracket photovoltaic; comprising a photovoltaic panel water collection system, a stepped water storage system, a two-way water diversion system, a partitioned micro-irrigation system and a wireless intelligent control system, the photovoltaic panel water collecting system is used for collecting rainfall of the flexible photovoltaic array panel. According to the intelligent irrigation system, water is collected through the photovoltaic panel of the flexible support, and the temperature and humidity of soil in an irrigation area are monitored in real time, so that intelligent irrigation of the stony desertification sloping field is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological water conservancy and smart agriculture, and particularly relates to a water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on a flexible support photovoltaic. BACKGROUND

[0002] The core of the problem of rocky desertification in karst landform areas lies in its unique "above-ground-underground" dual hydrological structure. Although the annual rainfall in this area can reach 1000-1400mm, rainwater quickly seeps into the ground through cracks and sinkholes, and the surface water retention capacity is very poor, forming a "engineering water shortage" dilemma, which seriously restricts agricultural development and ecological restoration.

[0003] Under the drive of the national "double carbon" goal, the photovoltaic power generation industry has developed rapidly. Among them, the large-span flexible photovoltaic support technology can well adapt to complex terrains such as mountains and hills by tensioning prestressed steel cables between support points to bear photovoltaic panels, and significantly reduces the disturbance to the ground due to the small number of foundations. This provides the possibility for the development of "agri-photovoltaic" and "forest-photovoltaic" in ecologically fragile rocky desertification areas.

[0004] In the prior art, although there are water collection and irrigation methods for rocky desertification areas, such as using stone bud solution groove to collect water (application number: 202310585486.9), establishing a slope or roof rainwater collection device (application number: 201410111614.7), and other photovoltaic water collection systems (application numbers: 202410328386.2, CN202410656483.4). However, these schemes generally have the following defects: Poor terrain adaptability: traditional water collection devices are difficult to deploy on mountain slopes with broken topography and large height difference.

[0005] Large ecological disturbance: the construction of water collection facilities often requires large-scale earth excavation, which may exacerbate soil erosion.

[0006] Single water resource utilization: mostly one-time collection and utilization, lacking reverse allocation capability of water resources in dry season, and low comprehensive utilization rate of rainwater.

[0007] Low degree of automation: irrigation mostly relies on manual judgment, which is not precise enough and easy to cause waste of water resources.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive solution that can fully adapt to the complex terrain of rocky desertification mountainous areas, has little disturbance to the original environment, realizes the "abundant storage and dry use" circulation of water resources, and can carry out intelligent and precise irrigation. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on flexible bracket photovoltaics to solve the problems of large seasonal differences in precipitation distribution, serious underground leakage and poor surface water retention capacity in karst areas.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on flexible photovoltaic supports, including a photovoltaic panel water collection system, a stepped water storage system, a two-way water diversion system, a partitioned micro-irrigation system and a wireless intelligent control system; The photovoltaic panel water collection system is used to collect rainfall on the flexible photovoltaic array panels. The stepped water storage system includes at least two small reservoirs arranged in a stepped manner from high to low according to the mountain terrain, and a large reservoir located below the small reservoirs. The two-way water diversion system is used to connect the photovoltaic panel water collection system and the stepped water storage system. The zoned micro-irrigation system has its water inlet connected to the water outlet of at least one small reservoir for irrigating the preset area. Furthermore, the wireless intelligent control system receives real-time soil moisture data from at least one soil parameter sensor; and based on analysis of the real-time soil moisture data, generates and executes irrigation instructions for the zoned micro-irrigation system.

[0011] Furthermore, a filtering device is provided between the photovoltaic panel surface water collection system and the stepped water storage system, and the filtering device is used to remove impurities in rainwater.

[0012] Furthermore, the bidirectional water diversion system includes a water pump for pumping water from a lower-lying reservoir to a higher-lying reservoir during the dry season; the wireless intelligent control system is also configured to schedule the start-up timing of the water pump based on the real-time power generation power of the flexible photovoltaic array and / or the energy storage status of its own power supply module.

[0013] Furthermore, the wireless intelligent control system preferentially starts the water pump during the period when the photovoltaic array has surplus power generation.

[0014] Furthermore, the wireless intelligent control system adopts different irrigation strategies according to the different growth stages of the crops.

[0015] Furthermore, a solenoid valve is provided on the water discharge pipeline of the zoned micro-irrigation system, and the solenoid valve is controlled by a wireless intelligent control system.

[0016] Furthermore, the zoned micro-irrigation system includes a sprinkler belt connected to a water discharge pipeline of a small water reservoir, and a plurality of sprinkler heads arranged on the sprinkler belt.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel water collection system of the present invention; Figure 2 A small reservoir structure diagram of the present application; Figure 3 A small reservoir and large reservoir connection diagram of the present application; Figure 4 A wireless intelligent control system structure diagram of the present application; Figure 5 An irrigation system structure diagram of the present application; Figure 6 A water demand prediction model flow diagram of the present application.

[0018] Figures 1 to 6 The reference signs shown in the drawings respectively represent: 1 - photovoltaic panel, 2 - large-span flexible photovoltaic array, 21 - prestressed steel cable, 3 - photovoltaic panel surface water collection system, 31 - U-shaped PVC water collection tank, 32 - flexible plastic sealing strip, 4 - small reservoir, 41 - water inlet pipe, 42 - water outlet pipe, 43 - overflow pipe, 44 - laminated filter, 5 - large reservoir, 6 - zoned micro-irrigation system, 7 - total overflow pipe, 8 - wireless intelligent control system, 81 - central gateway, 82 - wireless node, 83 - electromagnetic valve, 84 - soil temperature and humidity sensor, 85 - manual valve, 9 - submersible pump, 10 - water lifting pipe, 11 - fixed rod, 12 - irrigation system, 121 - sprinkler tape, 122 - sprinkler head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] Embodiment 1, Please refer to Figure 1 A water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on flexible support photovoltaic, which is arranged on a typical karst mountain slope in this embodiment. A large-span flexible photovoltaic array 2 is erected on the slope using its complex terrain. At the lower edge of the photovoltaic array 2, a photovoltaic panel surface water collection system 3 is installed according to the terrain. The photovoltaic panel surface rainwater collected by the system is introduced into multiple small reservoirs 4 (9 in this embodiment, each with a capacity of 5m³) arranged in a stepped manner according to the terrain through U-shaped PVC water collection tanks 31. All small reservoirs 4 are connected in series through water outlet pipes 42, and finally connected to a large reservoir 5 (with a capacity of 50m³ in this embodiment) at the lowest point of the terrain, forming a complete "collection-storage-accumulation" system.

[0021] Each small reservoir 4 is connected to a zoned micro-irrigation system 6 through its water outlet pipeline, for irrigating crops or vegetation under the photovoltaic panels. The operation of the entire system is managed by a wireless intelligent control system 8.

[0022] The detailed structure of the photovoltaic panel surface water collection system 3 is described as follows. The photovoltaic panel surface water collection system 3 is directly installed on the prestressed steel cable 21 of the flexible photovoltaic support. The prestressed steel cable 21 is fixed on both sides by the fixed rod 11. One span of the large-span flexible support is 16 m, and 14 photovoltaic panels with a size of 220 cm x 110 cm are installed therebetween. The lower edge of each photovoltaic panel is fixedly installed with a water collection tank. The main body of the water collection tank is a U-shaped PVC water collection tank 31, which is light in material and smooth in inner wall, facilitating rapid confluence and not causing excessive load on the photovoltaic structure. The U-shaped PVC water collection tank 31 is fixed on the prestressed steel cable by a U-shaped screw buckle. To prevent rainwater from seeping between the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the water collection tank 31, a flexible plastic sealing strip 32 with good weather resistance is used to seal the gap therebetween.

[0023] A filter device is installed at the total water outlet after all the U-shaped PVC water collection tanks 31 confluence. The device can adopt a multi-layer physical filtration structure, such as filter layers composed of coarse sand, fine sand, activated carbon, etc., for effectively intercepting solid pollutants such as dust, fallen leaves, and bird droppings in the rainwater, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of the water entering the subsequent water storage system.

[0024] As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the present application is a photovoltaic water collection and storage system, which comprises a photovoltaic panel surface water collection system 3, a small reservoir 4, a large reservoir 5, and a wireless intelligent control system 8. Figure 2 , 3 As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the present application is a photovoltaic water collection and storage system, which comprises a photovoltaic panel surface water collection system 3, a small reservoir 4, a large reservoir 5, and a wireless intelligent control system 8. Rainy season water collection mode: The clean rainwater collected by the photovoltaic panel surface water collection system 3 all enters the small reservoirs 4 located at high positions. Each small reservoir 4 is provided with a water inlet pipe 41, a water outlet pipe 42, and an overflow pipe 43. The water outlet pipe 42 is further provided with an electromagnetic valve 83 and a manual valve 85. In addition, the pipe openings of the overflow pipe 43 and the water outlet pipe 42 are provided with laminated filters 44. When the first small reservoir 4 is full, the water flows through the overflow pipe 43 thereof into the second small reservoir 4 at a lower position, and so on, to realize automatic cascade water storage. When all the nine small reservoirs are full, the excess water flows into the large reservoir 5 through the overflow pipe 43, serving as a reserve water source.

[0025] Water replenishment mode in dry season: In the dry season or when the irrigation water demand is large, the submersible pump 9 installed in the large water storage tank 5 is activated to pump the stored water through the water lifting pipe 10 to the first small water storage tank 4 located at the highest position. When it is full, it can be replenished with water in turn through the water outlet pipe 42 by gravity flow to the downstream other small water storage tanks 4. The start of the submersible pump 9 is not performed at will, but is finely managed by the wireless intelligent control system 8. The central gateway 81 will monitor the power generation of the photovoltaic system and the battery power of the power supply module in real time. The water lifting task will be preferentially arranged in the time window when there is surplus power generation (for example, when the sunlight is sufficient at noon and the system battery is fully charged), so as to realize peak clipping and valley filling, and most efficiently use clean energy without affecting the stable operation of the system.

[0026] In this embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 4 The wireless intelligent control system 8 comprises 1 central gateway 81 and 9 wireless nodes 82, and the wireless nodes 82 are respectively installed at the edges of the 9 small water storage tanks. The gateway and the nodes are both powered by solar panels. Each node 82 is connected with a set of soil temperature and humidity sensors 84 and controls the electromagnetic valve 83 on the water outlet pipe 42 of the corresponding water storage tank.

[0027] First, multi-source data collection: The wireless intelligent control system 8 collects real-time soil moisture data from all soil temperature and humidity sensors 84 on a daily basis; and performs water demand prediction through the obtained data.

[0028] Referring to Figure 6 , the water demand prediction model is as follows: The target of this algorithm model is to calculate the net water demand of the irrigation area in the next 24 hours. It is realized through the following three core steps: First step: Calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) This is the basis of the model. Instead of directly guessing how much water the crops will “drink”, the system first scientifically calculates how much water an ideal grassland will evaporate and transpire under a standard meteorological condition. This standard value is called “reference crop evapotranspiration” (ET 0 ) The present application adopts the Penman-Monteith equation recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to calculate ET 0.

[0029] The expression of the Penman-Monteith equation is:

[0030] ( is the net radiation, For wind speed, For air temperature, RH For air humidity, etc. are all intermediate variables that can be calculated from the above basic meteorological data Step 2: Calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration (ET C ） With the standard reference value ET 0, the next step is to modify it to the water requirement of the crop we actually plant. Different crops, different growth stages have different water requirements (for example, the water requirement of corn in the seedling stage and the heading stage is very different).

[0031] This modification is done through a parameter called crop coefficient (Kc) .

[0032]

[0033] ( ET c The actual crop evapotranspiration, that is, the total amount of water that the crop will consume in the next 24 hours, Kc The crop coefficient is set by the user according to the type of crop planted and the growth stage it is in, in the system control interface (such as a mobile app). Step 3: Establish a soil water balance prediction model After calculating how much water the crop will "drink" ( ET c ), the system needs to decide "whether to water" and "how much to water". This is achieved through a soil water balance equation:

[0034] (θ t+1 is the predicted soil moisture tomorrow, θ t is the current soil moisture, P eff is the amount of artificial watering, I is the irrigation amount, ET c is the actual crop evapotranspiration.

[0035] Therefore, the decision-making logic flow of the algorithm is as follows: The system automatically runs a complete prediction and decision-making process once a day (or at a set time interval): 1. Data collection: The system collects real-time data from soil moisture sensors and micro weather units, and connects to the network to obtain a 24-hour weather forecast (focus on rainfall probability and forecast rainfall).

[0036] 2. ET0. Calculation: Call the Penman-Monteith algorithm to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration for the next 24 hours ET 0.

[0037] 3. ET c Calculation: According to the user-set crop type and growth stage, find the corresponding K c value, calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration ET c .

[0038] 4. Water balance prediction: Call the water balance model, input the current soil moisture, predicted ET c , calculate the predicted tomorrow's soil moisture θ t+1 .

[0039] 5. Irrigation decision: Compare the predicted soil moisture θ t+1 with the user-set irrigation trigger lower limit (e.g. 35% RH).

[0040] If θ t+1 ≥ irrigation lower limit: means that even considering crop consumption and natural rainfall, tomorrow's soil moisture will still meet the standard. Decision: do not start irrigation.

[0041] If θ t+1 < irrigation lower limit: means that tomorrow's soil will be in a water shortage situation. Decision: need to start irrigation.

[0042] 6. Irrigation amount determination: when irrigation is needed, the system will calculate the exact amount of water needed to restore the soil moisture to the target humidity (e.g. 60% RH), and convert it into the opening duration of the solenoid valve 83, and automatically execute at the appropriate time (such as early morning or evening).

[0043] As shown in the accompanying Figure 5 , after calculating the irrigation amount, the land is irrigated by the irrigation system 12, which adopts the principle of "high water high use, low water low use" as a whole, and each small water storage tank 4 uses a row of photovoltaic panels 1 (that is, one span of flexible support) to collect water, and the collected rainwater is supplied to the four rows of photovoltaic panels below by gravity, and the connection is a 20m long 25mm diameter sprinkler tape 121 (PE pipe is used as the sprinkler tape in this embodiment), on which a plurality of atomizing or drip irrigation sprinklers 122 are installed according to the crop spacing and water requirement characteristics, thereby realizing low-pressure, uniform and efficient irrigation of the planting area under the photovoltaic panels.

[0044] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system based on flexible support photovoltaics, characterized in that: It includes photovoltaic panel water collection system, stepped water storage system, two-way water diversion system, zoned micro-irrigation system and wireless intelligent control system; The photovoltaic panel surface water collection system is used to collect rainfall on the flexible photovoltaic array panel surface. The stepped water storage system includes at least two small water reservoirs arranged in a stepped manner from high to low according to the mountain terrain, and a large water reservoir located below the terrain of the small water reservoirs. The two-way water diversion system is used to connect the photovoltaic panel surface water collection system and the stepped water storage system. The water inlet of the zoned micro-irrigation system is connected to the water outlet of the at least one small water reservoir for irrigating a preset area. The wireless intelligent control system receives real-time soil moisture data from at least one soil parameter sensor; Based on the analysis of the real-time soil moisture data, irrigation instructions for the zoned micro-irrigation system are generated and executed.

2. The flexible support photovoltaic water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A filtering device is also provided between the photovoltaic panel surface water collection system and the stepped water storage system, and the filtering device is used to remove impurities in rainwater.

3. The flexible support photovoltaic water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bidirectional water diversion system includes a water pump for pumping water from a lower-lying reservoir to a higher-lying reservoir during the dry season; the wireless intelligent control system is also configured to schedule the start-up timing of the water pump based on the real-time power generation power of the flexible photovoltaic array and / or the energy storage status of its own power supply module.

4. The flexible support photovoltaic water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wireless intelligent control system preferentially starts the water pump during a period when the photovoltaic array has surplus power generation.

5. The flexible support photovoltaic water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wireless intelligent control system adopts different irrigation strategies according to different growth stages of crops.

6. The flexible support photovoltaic water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A solenoid valve is provided on the water discharge pipeline of the partitioned micro-irrigation system, and the solenoid valve is controlled by the wireless intelligent control system.

7. The flexible support photovoltaic water collection and storage and intelligent micro-irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The partitioned micro-irrigation system includes a sprinkler belt connected to the water discharge pipeline of the small water reservoir, and a plurality of sprinkler heads arranged on the sprinkler belt.

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