Root system accelerant as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a root system accelerant as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant growth accelerants. The root system accelerant is prepared from a humic acid material as a raw material through the steps of oxidative degradation, potassium hydroxide treatment, filtering, drying and the like. The root system accelerant can improve the content of growth hormone and gibberellin in corn, improve the activity of ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase in corn, avoid the inhibition of chemical fertilizers on root systems, promote the growth of crops and improve the yield.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant growth promoters, in particular to a root system promoter and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The use of chemical fertilizers is very common in rice cultivation, however, studies have shown that certain common substances in chemical fertilizers, such as excessive ammonium nitrogen, can inhibit root growth, thereby reducing the growth rate and activity of the root system, and further affecting the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients. The application of chemical fertilizers also changes the physical and chemical properties of the soil, affecting the soil microbial community and rhizosphere environment, and further affecting the growth and function of the root system.

[0003] At the same time, long-term application of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil salt accumulation, affecting the physical properties of the soil, such as soil structure and aeration, thereby affecting the absorption of nutrients by crops, and even causing stress to crops, further affecting the growth and development of crops, resulting in reduced crop yields.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to take certain measures to alleviate the inhibition of chemical fertilizers on the root system. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a root system promoter and a preparation method and application thereof, which can avoid the inhibition of chemical fertilizers on the root system, promote the growth of crops and increase the yield.

[0006] The preparation method of the root system promoter comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, crushing the humic acid material and adding nitric acid for oxidative degradation;

[0008] S2, adding the oxidative degradation product to a potassium hydroxide solution for reaction;

[0009] S3, filtering after the reaction is completed, and drying the filtrate to obtain the root system promoter.

[0010] Further, the humic acid material is a woody peat, mainly including peat carbon and wood fiber.

[0011] Further, the concentration of nitric acid is 50% to 70%, preferably 55%.

[0012] Further, the oxidative degradation temperature is 20°C to 40°C, preferably 40°C, and the oxidative degradation time is 30 to 50 minutes, preferably 50 minutes.

[0013] Further, the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 30% to 50%, preferably 40%.

[0014] Furthermore, the reaction temperature of the degradation product and potassium hydroxide solution is 20° C. to 40° C., preferably 40° C., the reaction time is 50 to 70 min, preferably 50 min, and the pH of the reaction solution is 6 to 8, preferably 7 to 8.

[0015] Furthermore, the drying temperature is 40° C. to 60° C., preferably 40° C., and the water content of the root promoter after drying is ≤15%.

[0016] The present invention also provides a root promoter prepared according to the method, wherein the root promoter is a black solid soluble in water.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the root promoter.

[0018] Furthermore, the root promoter is applied by spraying, drip irrigation, or both. Preferably, the application method is drip irrigation.

[0019] Furthermore, the application concentration of the root promoter is 600 mg·L -1 , the dosage is 650L·ha each time -1 .

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] The present invention uses potassium hydroxide solution to treat the degradation product to improve the solubility and reactivity of the material, so as to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out.

[0022] The root promoter of the present invention can increase the content of growth hormone and gibberellin in corn, improve the activity of RubisCO in corn, avoid the inhibition of chemical fertilizers on the root system, promote the growth of crops and increase yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 The following are scanning electron microscope images of natural humic acid materials and root promoters; ad is the natural humic acid material, eh is the root promoter, and from left to right they are magnified 20,000, 10,000, 5,000, and 2,000 times respectively;

[0025] Figure 2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of natural humic acid materials and root promoters;

[0026] Figure 3 is the TTC reduction intensity of maize roots under different treatments;

[0027] Figure 4 is the dry weight of maize roots and maize yield under different treatments;

[0028] Figure 5 The peroxidase activity and ascorbate peroxidase activity in corn under different treatments;

[0029] Figure 6 The content of growth hormone (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) in corn under different treatments;

[0030] Figure 7 The activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RubisCO) in corn under different treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to further illustrate the present application, the following examples are used for detailed description. The raw materials used in the following examples of the present application are all commercially available.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all tests are repeated 3 times, and the results are expressed as the average value.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for preparing a root system promoter, the steps are as follows:

[0035] S1, break the humic acid to ≤1mm, add 55% concentration nitric acid, and oxidize and degrade at 40℃ for 50min;

[0036] S2, add the oxidized and degraded product to a 40% concentration potassium hydroxide solution, keep the pH of the reaction liquid at 7.0-8.0, and react at 40℃ for 50min;

[0037] S3, after the reaction is completed, separate the solid and liquid, dry the clear liquid at 40℃ to a water content of <15%, and obtain the root system promoter.

[0038] Test Example 1

[0039] The basic physical and chemical properties, element composition, and humus composition of the natural humic acid material used in Example 1 and the prepared root system promoter are determined, and the results are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0040] Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties

[0041]

[0042] As can be seen from Table 1, the organic matter content in the natural humic acid material reached 918.18g·kg -1 , accounting for 91.82% of the total. The organic matter content in the root system promoter reached 753.61g·kg -1 , accounting for 75.36% of the total. At the same time, the contents of nitrogen and potassium in the root system promoter are relatively high.

[0043] Elemental composition of Table 2

[0044]

[0045] Humic substance composition of Table 3

[0046]

[0047] As can be seen from Table 3, the humic substance content of the natural humic acid material reached 689.30 g·kg -1 , accounting for 68.93% of the total amount, and the humic substance component thereof was mainly humic acid. The humic substance content of the root system promoter reached 565.76 g·kg -1 , accounting for 56.58% of the total amount, and the component thereof was mainly fulvic acid.

[0048] As can be seen, although the contents of organic matter and humic substance in the root system promoter are lower than those in the raw material natural humic acid material, the elemental composition and humic substance composition have changed significantly. The present application adjusts the elemental composition and humic substance composition of the raw material through the action of oxidation degradation and sodium hydroxide, and realizes the transformation of humic acid into fulvic acid.

[0049] Test Example 2

[0050] The natural humic acid material and the root system promoter (Example 1) were subjected to electron microscope scanning, and the results are shown in Figure 1 .

[0051] As can be seen from Figure 1 , the micro-morphology of the natural humic acid material presents relatively large, irregular particles and block structures, and the surface of the material is rough, while the image of the root system promoter exhibits a more uniform and smooth surface.

[0052] Test Example 3

[0053] The natural humic acid material and the root system promoter (Example 1) were subjected to FTIR testing, and the results are shown in Figure 2 .

[0054] As can be seen from Figure 2 , the peaks at 3414-3420 cm -1 in the figure indicate the stretching vibration of hydroxyl (-OH), indicating that alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid may exist in the material. The peaks at 2921-2922 cm -1 indicate the stretching vibration of C-H bond, indicating that methyl (-CH3) or methylene (-CH2-) may exist in the material. The absorption peaks near 1617-1618 cm -1 may indicate the asymmetric stretching vibration of C=C bond on the aromatic ring or C=O bond in the carboxylic acid. The peaks at 1383-1384 cm -1The absorption peak at 1100-1200 cm -1 may be attributed to the C-O stretching vibration of the polysaccharide or the Si-O stretching vibration of the silicate impurity. -1

[0055] Test Example 4

[0056] A planting experiment was carried out at the Fengqiu Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station (China, 35°01'N, 114°24'E), and the root system promoter used was the root system promoter prepared in Example 1. The test crop was corn (Zhengdan 958), and a total of 4 treatments were set up, namely, a control (no root system promoter was applied), spraying (root system promoter was sprayed), drip irrigation (root system promoter was applied by drip irrigation), and spraying+drip irrigation (root system promoter was sprayed and applied by drip irrigation). Each treatment was set up in 3 replicates, a total of 12 plots, and each plot had an area of 30 m 2 . The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the test was 125 kg·ha -1 , and the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers used was 75 kg·ha -1 . Before sowing the corn, 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer, and the remaining 70% of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as topdressing at the bell-mouth stage. The application concentration of the root system promoter was 600 mg·L -1 , and the amount used each time was 650 L·ha -1 . A total of four applications were made, twice at the jointing stage (with an interval of 7 days) and twice at the silking stage (with an interval of 7 days). In the spraying+drip irrigation mode, root system promoter was sprayed in the first application and was applied by drip irrigation in the second application at the jointing stage (or the silking stage). After the four applications were completed, sampling was carried out every other day and experimental analysis was carried out. After the corn reached the mature stage, yield determination was carried out.

[0057] The results showed that, under the four treatments of the control, spraying, drip irrigation, and spraying+drip irrigation, the root activity of the corn was 31.94, 39.35, 51.72, and 45.65 g·g -1 h -1 , respectively, which was 23.20%, 61.93%, and 42.92% higher than that of the control without the application of the root system promoter, and the root activity was the highest when the root system promoter was applied by drip irrigation. Figure 3 Therefore, the root system promoter of the present application can improve the root structure and enhance the root activity, reduce the inhibition of chemical fertilizers on the roots, improve the growth rate and activity of the roots, increase the contact area between the roots and the soil, and thus improve the nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0058] As for the root biomass Figure 4 ​), the root dry weights under the four treatments of control, spraying, drip irrigation, and spraying + drip irrigation were 14.76, 16.69, 20.27, and 19.62 g, respectively, which increased by 13.05%, 37.33%, and 32.87% compared with the control, and the root dry weight under the drip irrigation treatment was the largest.

[0059] In terms of production ( Figure 4 ), the yields of the control, spraying, drip irrigation, and spraying + drip irrigation treatments were 10075.56, 11374.44, 11705.56, and 11616.67 kg·ha, respectively. -1 , increased by 12.89%, 16.18% and 15.30% respectively compared with the control, and the yield under drip irrigation treatment was the highest.

[0060] It can be seen that the root promoter of the present invention can regulate the morphological structure of the root system, promote the root system to be more developed and branched, thereby promoting the absorption of nutrients by crops and increasing crop yields.

[0061] As for the antioxidant enzymes in corn ( Figure 5 ) Application of this root promoter significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) in corn. Compared to the control, the activities of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased by 8.26%, 27.32%, and 15.47% under spraying, drip irrigation, and spraying plus drip irrigation, respectively, and by 15.59%, 32.68%, and 21.32% under spraying, drip irrigation, and spraying plus drip irrigation, respectively.

[0062] It can be seen that the root promoter of the present invention can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in crops, improve the resistance of crops to adversity, reduce the degree of damage to crops caused by adversity, and thus promote the growth and development of crops.

[0063] After studying the content of growth hormone (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) in corn, it was found that the content of growth hormone (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) in corn increased to varying degrees after applying the root promoter of the present invention ( Figure 6 ).

[0064] Growth hormone can promote H + -ATPase synthesis and increase its activity, which uses the energy of ATP molecules to convert protons (H +) from the cell, and then activate secondary ion transporters, thereby affecting the transmembrane transport of nutrients. This mechanism can help plants more effectively absorb nutrients in the soil, promoting their growth and development. The signal transduction of GA involves its binding with the soluble GA receptor GID1 (Gibberellin Insensitive Dwarf 1). In the presence of gibberellin, GID1 binds with GA to form a GA-GID1 complex, leading to the degradation of DELLA protein, relieving the inhibition of growth, and then promoting cell growth. In contrast to IAA and GA, the content of ACC under different treatments is significantly reduced, which may be because under the condition of higher plant growth rate and productivity, the plant reduces the tendency to convert to ethylene.

[0065] Under the interaction of IAA and GA, the growth of root system is promoted, and the root activity of corn is improved. High root activity represents that the plant has higher nutrient absorption efficiency and can obtain more nutrients from the soil, thereby promoting the growth of the plant.

[0066] The study on the activity of RubisCO in corn shows that the root system promoter of the application can improve the activity of RubisCO in corn Figure 7 ). Under the two application modes of drip irrigation and spraying+drip irrigation, the activity of RubisCO is increased by 24.25% and 22.38% respectively without using the root system promoter. RubisCO participates in the photosynthesis of plants, and it fixes CO2 in the atmosphere into organic matter to provide the plant with organic carbon required for growth and development, thereby affecting the yield of crops.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The difference from Example 1 is that humus is used as the root system promoter, and the amount is 3000 kg·ha -1 . The detection method of Example 4 is used to detect the effect of the root system promoter, and the results show that compared with not using humus as the root system promoter, the yield of corn is increased by 10.74%. It can be seen that in the case of using humic acid alone, the larger amount of humic acid used for yield improvement is also significantly lower than the root system promoter of the application.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that potassium hydroxide is not used to treat the oxidation degradation product.

[0071] The method of Example 4 is used to detect the effect of the root system promoter (drip irrigation), and the results show that the root activity of corn is 38.89 g·g -1 h -1 , and the yield is 11320.45 kg·ha -1 .

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] The same as Example 1, except that the oxidative degradation temperature was 10℃.

[0074] The effect of the root system promoter (drip irrigation) was detected by the method of Example 4, and the results showed that the corn root activity was 32.24g·g -1 h -1 , and the yield was 10165.87kg·ha -1 .

[0075] Comparative Example 4

[0076] The same as Example 1, except that the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution was 10%.

[0077] The effect of the root system promoter (drip irrigation) was detected by the method of Example 4, and the results showed that the corn root activity was 40.15g·g -1 h -1 , and the yield was 10983.23kg·ha -1 .

[0078] The principles and implementation modes of the present application are described by applying specific examples in the present text, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation mode and application range. In summary, the content of the present description should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a root promoter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. crushing the humic acid material and adding nitric acid for oxidative degradation; S2, adding the oxidative degradation product to a potassium hydroxide solution for reaction; S3. After the reaction is completed, filter and dry the filtrate to obtain a root promoter.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The humic acid material is woody peat, which mainly includes peat and wood fiber.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of nitric acid is 50% to 70%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the oxidative degradation temperature is 20°C to 40°C, and the oxidative degradation time is 30 to 50 minutes.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 30% to 50%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of the degradation product and the potassium hydroxide solution is 20°C to 40°C, the reaction time is 50 to 70 minutes, and the pH of the reaction solution is 6 to 8.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 40°C to 60°C, and the moisture content of the root promoter after drying is ≤15%.

8. A root promoter, characterized in that Prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The root promoter according to claim 8, characterized in that The root promoter is a black solid soluble in water.

10. The root promoter according to claim 8 is applied by spraying, drip irrigation or both.

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