Emergency air pressure slow descending device for high-rise elevator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-rise building elevators, and provides a high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow descending device which comprises an elevator car, first wedge-shaped blocks fixed to the two sides of the elevator car, a plurality of slow descending mechanisms embedded in the two sides of an elevator shaft in a gradient mode and an air pressure bottom sinking mechanism arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft. The multi-layer buffering mechanism combining non-Newtonian fluid damping, pneumatic pressurization and elastic supporting has the synergistic effect, the shear thickening effect of non-Newtonian fluid in the box body is activated through the stirring components (the spiral pressing pieces and the stirring blades), the fluid viscosity is greatly improved instantly when the lift car descends suddenly, dynamic damping force is formed, and the dynamic damping effect is achieved. The first air cylinder is used for compressing air to drive the air bag to expand, the reverse thrust assembly (the second air cylinder and the lower pressing plate) is combined to achieve conversion from air pressure energy to mechanical energy, secondary buffering is formed, non-linear and self-adaptive energy absorption is achieved through coupling of fluid mechanics (non-Newtonian fluid) and gas dynamics, and the device is particularly suitable for high-speed falling scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-rise building elevators, and in particular to an emergency air pressure slow-down device for high-rise elevators. Background Art

[0002] The elevator buffer device is a safety auxiliary device for elevators. It is a protective device that can greatly reduce the risk of injuries to personnel when the elevator descends at a high speed. After searching, the announcement number CN210682888U discloses an elevator buffer device, including a pit, the top of the pit is fixedly connected to a shell, the bottom of the inner wall of the shell is fixedly connected to a first spring, the top of the first spring is fixedly connected to a sliding column, the surface of the sliding column is slidably connected to the inner wall of the shell, the top of the sliding column is fixedly connected to a buffer rod, the top of the buffer rod is fixedly connected to a buffer, the surface of the buffer rod is sleeved with a second spring, and the bottom of the second spring is fixedly connected to the top of the shell. The elevator buffer device has a certain buffering effect and improves the safety of the elevator by setting up a pit, a shell, a first spring, a sliding column, a buffer rod, a buffer, a second spring, a bracket, a roller and a buffer mechanism.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned elevator buffer device still has the following problems: 1. Existing elevator buffer devices rely on a series structure of mechanical springs and polyurethane buffers. They absorb impact energy through the linear deformation of the first spring (sliding column compression) and the second spring (buffer rod compression). This buffering method relies solely on the elastic potential energy conversion of the springs to achieve buffering. The energy absorption efficiency is limited by the spring stiffness and travel, making it difficult to cope with emergency scenarios such as high-speed falls or extremely large impact forces in high-rise elevators. 2. Existing elevator buffer devices use a vertically stacked double spring structure (first spring + second spring), supplemented by lateral constraints of rollers and trapezoidal blocks. The buffer path is single (vertical direction only) and relies on sliding friction between the housing and the slide column, resulting in high wear. 3. Existing elevator buffer devices rely on the elastic deformation of the spring to passively absorb energy and have no active adjustment capability. They are prone to spring failure due to impact overload and therefore do not have the ability to slow down air pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention proposes an emergency air pressure deceleration device for high-rise elevators, which solves the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to cope with emergency scenarios where high-rise building elevators fall at high speed or have extremely large impact forces and that it does not have the ability to decelerate air pressure.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an emergency pneumatic descent device for a high-rise elevator, comprising a car, a first wedge-shaped block fixed on both sides of the car, a plurality of descent mechanisms gradiently embedded on both sides of the elevator shaft, and a pneumatic bottoming mechanism arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft; The slow descending mechanism comprises a box containing non-Newtonian fluid, a pneumatic component and a stirring component arranged in the box, the pneumatic component promotes the stirring component to stir the non-Newtonian fluid in the box under the pressure of the first wedge when the car descends rapidly. The air pressure bottom-sinking mechanism comprises a bottom support component, an elastic pressure receiving component arranged on the bottom support component for elastically supporting the car, and an air pressure buffering component between the bottom support component and the elastic pressure receiving component, the pneumatic component synchronously forces the air pressure buffering component to increase air pressure and pneumatically buffers the elastic pressure receiving component when the pneumatic component is pressed.

[0006] Preferably, the pneumatic component comprises a first air cylinder fixed in the box, a first air rod capable of axial extension and retraction is arranged in the first air cylinder, one end of the first air rod penetrates out of the box and is fixed with a second wedge arranged opposite to the inclined surface of the first wedge, a first piston disc is fixed at the middle position of the first air cylinder and slides against the inner wall of the first air cylinder, cross-shaped pressure rods are fixed on both sides of the first piston disc, the hollow end of the first air rod away from the second wedge is provided with an air hole communicating with the inner cavity of the first air cylinder, the hollow end of the first air rod is connected with an air joint through a folding pipe, and the both ends of the first air cylinder are provided with limiting grooves limiting the sliding of the cross-shaped pressure rods on both sides.

[0007] Preferably, a sealing ring is fixed in the first air cylinder to seal the sliding of the first air rod.

[0008] Preferably, the stirring component comprises a sleeve, the sleeve is rotationally connected in the box, helical pressing pieces corresponding to the pressure rods are arranged on the inner walls of both ends of the sleeve, and a plurality of stirring blades are fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom support component comprises a fixed disc, the fixed disc is directly below the car, and a plurality of support feet are fixed on the bottom surface of the fixed disc in a rectangular distribution.

[0010] Preferably, the elastic pressure receiving component comprises a tray, the tray is horizontally arranged above the fixed disc, a plurality of rubber pads are arranged on the top surface of the tray, guide rods corresponding to the support feet are fixed on the bottom surface of the tray, first springs are sleeved on the guide rods, the both ends of the first springs abut against the tray and the fixed disc respectively, and an upper pressing disc is fixed on the lower end of the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, the air pressure buffering component comprises an air bag and anti-thrust assemblies corresponding to the support feet, the lower half of the air bag is embedded on the fixed disc, the air bag is communicated with the air joint of each slow descending mechanism through a pipeline, and the bottom of the air bag is connected with a gas guide pipe leading to each anti-thrust assembly through a gas distribution joint.

[0012] Preferably, a one-way valve for one-way flow to the airbag is provided on the pipeline from the vent connector to the airbag.

[0013] Preferably, the reverse thrust assembly includes a second air cylinder, which is fixed on the supporting leg, and a second air rod capable of axial extension and contraction is provided in the second air cylinder, the upper end of the second air rod is fixed with a lower pressure plate coaxially arranged with the upper pressure plate, the lower end of the second air rod is fixed with a second piston slidingly fitted in the second air cylinder, and a second spring is provided on the outer sleeve of the second air rod, and the two ends of the second spring respectively abut against the second piston and the inner wall of the second air cylinder.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention integrates a multi-layered buffer mechanism that combines non-Newtonian fluid damping, pneumatic pressurization, and elastic support. The stirring component (spiral pressing plate + stirring blade) activates the shear thickening effect of the non-Newtonian fluid in the box, instantly and significantly increasing the fluid viscosity when the car drops sharply, forming a dynamic damping force. The compressed air in the first air cylinder drives the airbag to expand, and the reverse thrust component (second air cylinder + lower pressure plate) is combined to realize the conversion of air pressure energy into mechanical energy, forming a secondary buffer. Through the coupling of fluid mechanics (non-Newtonian fluid) and gas dynamics, nonlinear and adaptive energy absorption is achieved, which is particularly suitable for high-speed falling scenarios. The descent control mechanism is gradiently embedded on both sides of the elevator shaft. The first wedge-shaped block and the second wedge-shaped block collide step by step to achieve graded horizontal buffering. The pneumatic components (first air cylinder + stirring component) and the air pressure buffer components (airbag + reverse thrust assembly) form a vertically and horizontally linked three-dimensional buffer network, avoiding single-point stress concentration. By fully utilizing the internal space of the elevator shaft and dispersing kinetic energy in multiple directions, the robustness of the buffer system is significantly improved. The present invention adopts an active energy dissipation mechanism. The stirring component forces the fluid to flow through spiral pressing, converting the impact kinetic energy into heat energy dissipation. The optimal cushioning performance under different working conditions can be achieved by adjusting the non-Newtonian fluid formula (such as the shear thickening index) or air pressure parameters. The airbag is linked to the reverse thrust component through a one-way valve to adjust the air pressure cushioning strength in real time to avoid secondary rebound. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of an emergency air pressure slow-down device for a high-rise elevator proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the slow-descent mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic components proposed in the present invention; Figure 4The half-section structure schematic diagram of the pneumatic component provided by the present application; Figure 5 The structure schematic diagram of the stirring component provided by the present application; Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the air pressure bottom sinking mechanism provided by the present application; Figure 7 The structure schematic diagram of the air pressure bottom sinking mechanism provided by the present application from another perspective; Figure 8 The front view structure schematic diagram of the air pressure bottom sinking mechanism provided by the present application; Figure 9 The half-section structure schematic diagram of the reverse thrust assembly provided by the present application; In the figure: 1, car; 2, first wedge-shaped block; 3, slow descent mechanism; 31, box body; 32, pneumatic component; 321, first air cylinder; 3211, limiting groove; 3212, sealing ring; 322, first air rod; 323, second wedge-shaped block; 324, pressing rod; 325, first piston disc; 326, folding pipe; 327, air joint; 328, air hole; 33, stirring component; 331, sleeve pipe; 332, spiral pressing sheet; 333, stirring blade; 4, air pressure bottom sinking mechanism; 41, bottom support component; 411, fixed disc; 412, support leg; 42, elastic pressure receiving member; 421, tray; 422, rubber pad; 423, guide rod; 424, first spring; 425, upper pressing disc; 43, air pressure buffering component; 431, air bag; 432, gas distribution joint; 433, air guide pipe; 434, reverse thrust assembly; 4341, second air cylinder; 4342, lower pressing disc; 4343, second piston; 4344, second air rod; 4345, second spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are involved in the protection scope of the present application.

[0018] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The application provides a technical scheme: a high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow descending device, which comprises a car 1, a first wedge-shaped block 2 fixed to the two sides of the car 1, a plurality of gradient slow descending mechanisms 3 embedded in the two sides of an elevator shaft, and an air pressure bottom sinking mechanism 4 arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft; the slow descending mechanism 3 comprises a box body 31 containing non-Newtonian fluid, a pneumatic component 32 and an agitation component 33 arranged in the box body 31, the pneumatic component 32 is pressed by the first wedge-shaped block 2 when the car 1 descends rapidly, and the agitation component 33 is driven to agitate the non-Newtonian fluid in the box body 31; the air pressure bottom sinking mechanism 4 comprises a bottom support component 41, an elastic pressure receiving component 42 arranged on the bottom support component 41 and used for elastically supporting the car 1, and an air pressure buffer component 43 located between the bottom support component 41 and the elastic pressure receiving component 42, the air pressure buffer component 43 is forced to increase air pressure and pneumatically buffer the elastic pressure receiving component 42 when the pneumatic component 32 is pressed, through the synergistic effect of the multi-layer buffer mechanism of the non-Newtonian fluid damping + pneumatic pressure increase + elastic support, the shear thickening effect of the non-Newtonian fluid in the box body is activated by the agitation component, the fluid viscosity is greatly increased in an instant when the car descends rapidly, a dynamic damping force is formed, the air pressure buffer component 43 is expanded by using the compressed air of the pneumatic component 32 to drive, and the conversion of air pressure energy into mechanical energy is realized by combining a reverse thrust assembly, and secondary buffering is formed.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the pneumatic component 32 comprises a first air cylinder 321 fixed in the box body 31, a first air rod 322 capable of axial extension and retraction is arranged in the first air cylinder 321, one end of the first air rod 322 penetrates out of the box body 31 and is fixed with a second wedge-shaped block 323 arranged opposite to the inclined surface of the first wedge-shaped block 2, a first piston disc 325 slidingly attached to the inner wall of the first air cylinder 321 is fixed at the middle position of the first air cylinder 321, cross-shaped pressure rods 324 are fixed on the first air cylinder 321 on the two sides of the first piston disc 325, the hollow end of the first air rod 322 is internally hollow and is provided with air holes 328 communicating with the inner cavity of the first air cylinder 321, the hollow end of the first air rod 322 is communicated with an air joint 327 through a folding pipe 326, and the two ends of the first air cylinder 321 are provided with limiting grooves 3211 limiting the sliding of the two cross-shaped pressure rods 324, further, a sealing ring 3212 sealingly fixed to the first air rod 322 is fixed in the first air cylinder 321, the slow descending mechanism 3 is gradiently embedded in the two sides of the elevator shaft, the step-by-step collision of the first wedge-shaped block 2 and the second wedge-shaped block 323 realizes the step-by-step buffering in the horizontal direction, the first air cylinder 321 of the pneumatic component 32, the agitation component 33 and the air pressure buffer component 43 form a three-dimensional buffering network of vertical-horizontal linkage, avoiding single-point stress concentration, through the full use of the internal space of the elevator shaft and the multi-directional kinetic energy dispersion mechanism, the robustness of the buffering system is significantly improved.

[0020] Referring to Figure 2 With Figure 5 , the stirring component 33 comprises a sleeve 331 rotationally connected in the box 31, the inner wall of both ends of the sleeve 331 is provided with a spiral pressing piece 332 corresponding to the pressing rod 324, and the outer wall of the sleeve 331 is fixed with a plurality of stirring leaves 333. The design adopts a positive energy consumption mechanism. The stirring component 33 is forced to flow by the stirring leaves 333 under the extrusion of the spiral pressing piece 332, so as to convert the impact kinetic energy into heat energy dissipation. In addition, by adjusting the non-Newtonian fluid formula (such as shear thickening index) or air pressure parameter, the optimal buffering performance under different working conditions can be realized.

[0021] Referring to Figure 6 , Figure 7 With Figure 8 , the bottom support component 41 comprises a fixed disc 411 which is located directly below the car 1, and the bottom surface of the fixed disc 411 is fixed with a plurality of support feet 412 distributed in a rectangular shape. The elastic pressure receiving component 42 comprises a tray 421 which is horizontally arranged above the fixed disc 411, and the top surface of the tray 421 is provided with a plurality of rubber pads 422. The bottom surface of the tray 421 is fixed with a plurality of guide rods 423 which are distributed in correspondence with the support feet 412. The guide rods 423 are externally sleeved with first springs 424, and both ends of the first springs 424 abut against the tray 421 and the fixed disc 411 respectively. The lower end of the guide rod 423 is fixed with an upper pressing disc 425. The tray 421, the rubber pads 422, the first springs 424 and the air bag 431 form a multi-stage elastic support system to disperse the impact load.

[0022] Referring to Figure 8 With Figure 9 , the air pressure buffering component 43 comprises an air bag 431 and a plurality of reverse thrust assemblies 434 which are distributed in correspondence with the support feet 412. The lower half of the air bag 431 is embedded on the fixed disc 411. The air bag 431 is communicated with the air vent joint 327 of each slow descending mechanism 3 through a pipeline. The bottom of the air bag 431 is connected with a gas guide pipe 433 leading to each reverse thrust assembly 434 through a gas distribution joint 432. A one-way valve allowing one-way flow to the air bag 431 is arranged on the pipeline leading to the air bag 431. The reverse thrust assembly 434 comprises a second air cylinder 4341 which is fixed on the support foot 412. The second air cylinder 4341 is internally provided with a second air rod 4344 which can axially stretch and retract. The upper end of the second air rod 4344 is fixed with a lower pressing disc 4342 which is coaxially arranged with the upper pressing disc 425. The lower end of the second air rod 4344 is fixed with a second piston 4343 which is slidingly fitted in the second air cylinder 4341. The second air rod 4344 is externally sleeved with a second spring 4345, and both ends of the second spring 4345 abut against the second piston 4343 and the inner wall of the second air cylinder 4341 respectively. The air bag 431 is linked with the reverse thrust assembly 434 through the one-way valve to adjust the air pressure buffering strength in real time, thereby avoiding secondary rebound.

[0023] The working principle and use process of the present application are as follows: when the car 1 is descending in an emergency state, the first wedge block 2 on the side of the car 1 can extrude the second wedge block 323, and under the limiting of the limiting groove 3211 to the pressure rod 324, the first air rod 322 is retracted into the first air cylinder 321, and under the extrusion of the cross-shaped pressure rod 324 on the first air rod 322 to the spiral pressing piece 332, the sleeve 331 is rotated in the box 31, and then the stirring blade 333 outside the sleeve 331 stirs the non-Newtonian fluid in the box 31, the resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid to the stirring blade 333 buffers the collision of the first wedge block 2 and the second wedge block 323, and the step-by-step collision of the first wedge block 2 by the second wedge block 323 on the gradient setting of the slow descent mechanism 3 on both sides of the elevator shaft realizes the step-by-step buffering of the car 1; During the process of the car 1 being step-by-step buffered by the slow descent mechanism 3 on both sides of the elevator shaft, the retraction of the first air rod 322 makes the first piston disc 325 compress the air in the first air cylinder 321, and the air enters the folding pipe 326 through the air hole 328, and at the same time, the folding pipe 326 is compressed by the first air rod 322 to deliver the internal air to the air bag 431 through the pipeline, so that the air bag 431 gradually expands to prepare for buffering the hard collision of the tray 421 and the fixed disc 411 when the car 1 sinks to the bottom; When the car 1 contacts the tray 421, the first spring 424 at each position is compressed synchronously under the guidance of the guide rod 423 until the tray 421 starts to compress the air bag 431, and because the one-way valve for one-way flow to the air bag 431 is arranged on the pipeline leading to the air bag 431 from the air joint 327, the air in the air bag 431 can only pass through the gas distribution joint 432 to each gas guide pipe 433, and the gas pressure is evenly distributed to the reverse thrust assembly 434 from each gas guide pipe 433, the internal gas pressure of the second air cylinder 4341 increases to overcome the elastic force of the second spring 4345, and then the second air rod 4344 is forced to rise, the lower pressing disc 425 at the lower end of the guide rod 423 is reversely pushed by the upper pressing disc 425, thereby realizing the pneumatic buffering when the car 1 sinks to the bottom.

[0024] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An emergency air pressure drop device for a high-rise elevator, comprising a car (1), characterized in that: It also includes first wedge-shaped blocks (2) fixed on both sides of the elevator car (1), a plurality of gradient descending mechanisms (3) embedded on both sides of the elevator shaft, and an air pressure sinking mechanism (4) arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft; The slow-descent mechanism (3) comprises a box (31) filled with a non-Newtonian fluid, a pneumatic component (32) and a stirring component (33) arranged in the box (31), wherein the pneumatic component (32) is pressed by the first wedge block (2) when the car (1) descends rapidly, prompting the stirring component (33) to stir the non-Newtonian fluid in the box (31); The pneumatic sinking mechanism (4) comprises a bottom support component (41), an elastic pressure-bearing component (42) arranged on the bottom support component (41) for elastically supporting the car (1), and a pneumatic buffer component (43) located between the bottom support component (41) and the elastic pressure-bearing component (42). When the pneumatic component (32) is pressurized, it simultaneously forces the air pressure of the pneumatic buffer component (43) to increase, thereby performing pneumatic buffering on the elastic pressure-bearing component (42).

2. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic component (32) includes a first air cylinder (321), the first air cylinder (321) is fixed in the box body (31), a first air rod (322) capable of axial extension and contraction is provided in the first air cylinder (321), one end of the first air rod (322) extends outside the box body (31) and is fixed with a second wedge block (323) arranged opposite to the inclined surface of the first wedge block (2), a first piston disk (325) is fixed in the middle position of the first air cylinder (321) and is slidably fitted on the inner wall of the first air cylinder (321), The first gas cylinder (321) is fixed with cross-shaped pressure rods (324) on both sides of the first piston disc (325). The end of the first gas rod (322) away from the second wedge block (323) is hollow and has an air hole (328) communicating with the inner cavity of the first gas cylinder (321). The hollow end of the first gas rod (322) is connected to a ventilation joint (327) through a folding tube (326). Both ends of the first gas cylinder (321) are provided with limiting grooves (3211) for slidingly limiting the cross-shaped pressure rods (324) on both sides.

3. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing ring (3212) is fixed inside the first gas cylinder (321) for slidingly sealing the first gas rod (322).

4. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring component (33) comprises a sleeve (331), the sleeve (331) being rotatably connected to the box body (31), spiral pressing pieces (332) corresponding to the pressure rod (324) being provided on the inner walls at both ends of the sleeve (331), and a plurality of stirring blades (333) being fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve (331).

5. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom support component (41) comprises a fixed plate (411), the fixed plate (411) is located directly below the car (1), and rectangularly distributed support legs (412) are fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed plate (411).

6. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic pressure-bearing member (42) includes a tray (421), the tray (421) is horizontally arranged above the fixed plate (411), a plurality of rubber pads (422) are provided on the top surface of the tray (421), a guide rod (423) corresponding to the supporting legs (412) is fixed on the bottom surface of the tray (421), a first spring (424) is provided on the outer sleeve of the guide rod (423), the two ends of the first spring (424) respectively abut against the tray (421) and the fixed plate (411), and an upper pressure plate (425) is fixed on the lower end of the guide rod (423).

7. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air pressure buffer component (43) includes an airbag (431) and a reverse thrust assembly (434) distributed corresponding to the support foot (412). The lower half of the airbag (431) is embedded in the fixed plate (411). The airbag (431) is connected to the ventilation joint (327) of each descent mechanism (3) through a pipeline. The bottom of the airbag (431) is connected to the air guide pipe (433) leading to each reverse thrust assembly (434) through the air distribution joint (432).

8. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A one-way valve for one-way flow to the airbag (431) is provided on the pipeline from the vent connector (327) to the airbag (431).

9. The high-rise elevator emergency air pressure slow-down device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reverse thrust assembly (434) includes a second air cylinder (4341), which is fixed on the supporting foot (412). A second air rod (4344) capable of axial extension and contraction is provided in the second air cylinder (4341). A lower pressure plate (4342) coaxially arranged with the upper pressure plate (425) is fixed to the upper end of the second air rod (4344). A second piston (4343) slidingly fitted in the second air cylinder (4341) is fixed to the lower end of the second air rod (4344). A second spring (4345) is provided on the outer sleeve of the second air rod (4344), and two ends of the second spring (4345) respectively contact the second piston (4343) and the inner wall of the second air cylinder (4341).

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