Quality defect tracing system and method for fabricated building

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated building quality defect tracing system and method applied to the field of building informatization, and the system comprises a user interaction layer, a data processing and storage layer, a data collection layer and a function layer, and the data collection layer is used for collecting key quality data of prefabricated building components in different links; the user interaction layers interact with each other through a network and the function module layer; the data processing and storage layer performs encryption, hash operation, scattered storage and index verification on the quality data transmitted by the data acquisition layer by using an intelligent contract, an IPFS network and a block chain; the function module layer provides support for each unit of the user interaction layer to trace quality defects, judge responsibility and take prevention measures, and the system can collect the quality data of the whole process of the prefabricated building, comprehensively manage the quality tracing process, strengthen multi-party collaboration and sharing, and improve the quality of the prefabricated building. And it is ensured that tracing of the quality defects of the fabricated building has comprehensiveness, transparency and non-tampering performance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a prefabricated building quality defect tracing system and method, in particular to a prefabricated building quality defect tracing system and method applied to the field of building informatization. BACKGROUND

[0002] The prefabricated building project involves multiple participating subjects such as the construction unit, the design unit, the production unit, the transportation unit, the construction unit, the supervision unit, and experiences multiple stages such as feasibility study, design, production, transportation, storage, construction, operation and maintenance, and the quality control links are complex, and the quality data sources are diversified, which makes it difficult to achieve relatively accurate tracing processing when subsequent quality problems occur.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN116090907A discloses a building construction quality tracing management method and system, which can trace and manage all building construction quality in building engineering, ensure the direct responsibility determination of non-safety problems, facilitate quick problem solving and compensation processing, and can set the quality guarantee period of different building construction quality to realize real-time monitoring and updating of quality guarantee state.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN117852963B discloses a building construction quality tracing management method and system, which accurately identifies key structural features and risks at the initial stage of building design through persistent homology algorithm, significantly improves building stability and safety, and enhances the predictability and accuracy of risk management.

[0005] The existing tracing system only constructs a tracing management system based on the BIM model, does not have a clear hierarchical design, cannot realize multi-party data communication of building-related units, lacks spatial and temporal dimension analysis, and focuses on risk prediction through simulation and resource optimization of the construction process, which cannot realize quality data management of the whole life cycle of the building, resulting in the problem that quality tracing at the component level cannot be realized when tracing. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is how to collect the quality data of the whole process of prefabricated buildings, comprehensively manage the quality tracing process, and strengthen multi-party cooperation and sharing to ensure that the tracing of quality defects of prefabricated buildings is comprehensive, transparent and tamper-proof.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a prefabricated building quality defect tracing system, which comprises a user interaction layer, a data processing and storage layer, a data collection layer and a function layer, wherein the data collection layer is used to collect key quality data of prefabricated building components at different links; The user interaction layer includes a construction unit, a design unit, a production unit, a transportation unit, a construction unit, a supervision unit, and a government supervision unit, which interact with each other through a network and the function module layer; The data processing and storage layer includes a blockchain, an IPFS network, an intelligent contract execution module, and an on-chain and off-chain data mapping module. The blockchain includes a blockchain quality data management module, and the IPFS network includes an IPFS distributed file storage module. The data processing and storage layer uses intelligent contracts, IPFS networks, and blockchains to encrypt, hash, and index verify quality data transmitted from the data collection layer. The function module layer includes a quality defect import function module, a quality defect traceability function module, a traceability result feedback function module, and a quality traceability database. The function module layer provides support for the user interaction layer to trace quality defects, determine responsibilities, and take preventive measures.

[0008] In the quality defect traceability system of the prefabricated building described above, the blockchain, IPFS network, BIM technology, and RFID Internet of Things equipment are used to collect quality data throughout the entire process of prefabricated buildings, comprehensively manage quality traceability processes, and strengthen multi-party collaboration and sharing to ensure that the traceability of quality defects in prefabricated buildings is comprehensive, transparent, and tamper-proof.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, the blockchain quality data management module is a multi-party participating blockchain network based on the Hyperledger Fabric consortium chain platform, used to store key quality data and metadata information of prefabricated building projects, and uses the Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data consistency; The IPFS distributed file storage module uses the InterPlanetary File System to store large-capacity quality files in prefabricated building projects, and generates a unique content identifier CID for each file through a content addressing mechanism; The on-chain and off-chain data mapping module stores the CID hash value of the IPFS file on the blockchain to establish a trusted mapping relationship between the blockchain and the IPFS; The multi-party collaboration permission management module is based on a role-based access control mechanism and assigns different data access permissions to different participants; The intelligent contract execution module realizes the automatic execution of quality data upload, verification, storage, and query operations through a dedicated quality data management intelligent contract.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, the quality traceability database is used to store project design result data, production data, construction data, transportation data, quality defect identification data set and quality defect treatment data set, including a design result data input module for inputting BIM model, prefabricated component layout drawing and deep processing design data generated by the design unit, and mapping with the system; A project production data input module is used to record process quality data and key production state quality data in the prefabricated component production stage, and update synchronously in the system; A project construction data input module is used to record process data and key state quality data of prefabricated component hoisting, installation and connection pouring process in the construction stage, and update synchronously in the blockchain quality data management module; A project transportation data input module is used to record vehicle route, loading and unloading method, binding method and key node quality monitoring data in the transportation process of prefabricated component; A quality defect identification data set is used to include quality articles in relevant specifications of prefabricated buildings, and to make key identification on quality defect causes; A quality defect treatment data set is used to compile treatment measures for various quality defects of prefabricated buildings, and to provide basis for quality management and problem solving.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, the quality defect import function module is connected with the construction unit, and the construction unit uploads relevant problem information through the module when quality defects are found in the prefabricated building project, and also supports the query function of traced quality defects, and connects to the quality traceability database through network to obtain relevant information; The quality defect traceability function module is connected with the quality defect import function module, the quality traceability database and the design result data input module, and realizes the functions of traceability information query, positioning, timing and person through calling data and BIM model in the database, so as to determine the causes, time and position of quality defects, and provide support for responsibility determination and preventive measures; The traceability result feedback function module is connected with the user interaction layer, and according to the traceability result of the quality defect traceability module, the traceability information is fed back to each unit, and the corresponding treatment measures are provided, and each unit carries out traceability progress query, result judgment and objection feedback operation through the feedback entrance of the module.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present application, the on-chain and off-chain data mapping module divides the quality data into three types, core quality parameters, quality documents and quality evidence, wherein the core quality parameters are stored in the blockchain, the quality documents are stored in the IPFS after encryption, and the quality evidence is stored in the IPFS after encryption and records its integrity proof through the blockchain.

[0013] As a further improvement of the application, the data classification rules of the quality data are as follows: the component size, strength grade and installation precision class key indicators are classified as core quality parameters; the detection report and acceptance record class structured files are classified as quality documents; and the on-site photo, video class unstructured files are classified as quality evidence.

[0014] As a further improvement of the application, the quality defect tracing function module comprises a three-dimensional space positioning module and a visualization module, a digital space foundation of the fabricated building is constructed based on the BIM three-dimensional space positioning module model, the accurate space positioning of the quality defect is realized, and the space positioning is visualized and marked by the visualization module. The time sequence tracing module constructs a quality event correlation graph based on a timestamp, realizes accurate tracing of the occurrence time of the quality defect and time sequence relationship analysis; The intelligent responsibility reasoning module constructs an intelligent responsibility determination mechanism based on a knowledge graph and a reasoning algorithm, and automatically reasons the possible responsible subject and responsibility degree of the quality defect; The comprehensive analysis engine sub-module fuses the analysis results of the three dimensions of space, time and responsibility and the blockchain quality data management module, and generates a comprehensive quality defect traceability report.

[0015] As a further improvement of the application, the steps of the time sequence relationship analysis are as follows: S1, constructing a time sequence of quality events; S2, calculating the time correlation degree between the quality events and the defects; S3, determining the most likely cause event based on a time decay factor and an event type weight; S4, generating a time tracing chain and key time node analysis.

[0016] As a further improvement of the application, the steps of the intelligent responsibility reasoning module are as follows: A1, acquiring possible causes and responsibility rules from the knowledge graph based on the defect type; A2, calculating the occurrence probability of each possible cause; A3, reasoning the responsibility degree of each participant based on the cause probability distribution; A4, generating a responsibility distribution result and a confidence evaluation.

[0017] As another improvement of the application, a quality defect traceability method comprises the following steps: Step one, a design unit stores a BIM model of a building project into a design achievement data input module, and obtains a corresponding CID code; Step two, the production unit obtains the CID code corresponding to the component from the blockchain through the intelligent contract execution module, and updates the quality information of the component in real time through the RFID reader during the production process; Step three, the quality data during the transportation of the component is uploaded to the project transportation data entry module, and the acceptance data is entered into the quality traceability system, and then the quality defect information is uploaded to the system by the construction unit; Step four, the quality defect traceability function module performs standardized preprocessing according to the imported quality defect information, and obtains a comprehensive traceability report after comprehensive analysis; Step five, the quality defect treatment measures retrieve the corresponding treatment scheme from the quality traceability database according to the traceability result, and execute the treatment measures; Step six, after the quality defect treatment is completed, the treatment result is fed back to the quality traceability database, and the quality defect treatment specification data set is updated.

[0018] In summary, the system uses blockchain and IPFS technology to ensure data integrity and security, and realizes automatic and intelligent traceability process through intelligent contract and knowledge graph. Through the three-dimensional space positioning module and visualization technology, the system can realize accurate spatial positioning of quality defects and labeling in BIM model. The time sequence traceability module helps to determine the key time nodes of quality defects, and the intelligent responsibility reasoning module automatically infers the possible responsible subjects and the degree of responsibility. The comprehensive analysis engine module integrates the analysis results of space, time and responsibility in three dimensions to generate a comprehensive quality defect traceability report. Finally, the traceability result feedback function module feeds back the traceability information and treatment measures to the relevant units for further processing and improvement. The design and implementation of the whole system not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of quality defect treatment, but also enhances the transparency and credibility of traceability information.

[0019] In addition, the system can also use the data processing and storage layer to solve the key technical problems of data island, insufficient credibility, low storage efficiency, and difficulty in multi-party collaboration in prefabricated building quality management, providing important technical support for the development of building industrialization, and having good application prospect and popularization value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The system composition diagram of the present application; Figure 2 The method flowchart of the present application; Figure 3 The quality defect import function module architecture diagram of the present application; Figure 4 The quality defect traceability function module architecture diagram of the present application; Figure 5A traceability result feedback function module architecture diagram of the present application; Figure 6 A quality traceability database composition diagram of the present application; Figure 7 A data processing and storage layer workflow diagram of the present application; Figure 8 A quality defect traceability function module workflow diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Two embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] First embodiment: Figure 1 A quality defect traceability system for prefabricated buildings is shown, which includes a user interaction layer, a data processing and storage layer, a data collection layer, and a function layer. The data collection layer is used to collect key quality data of prefabricated building components at different stages. The data collection layer includes laser scanners, total stations, ultrasonic detectors, and other equipment for collecting component quality data. It also includes RFID tags installed on the surface of the components. At the production, transportation, installation, and acceptance stages of the components, the information on the RFID tags can be updated through RFID readers and uploaded to the IPFS network through the smart contract execution module, ensuring the data's non-tamperability and traceability. The user interaction layer includes construction units, design units, production units, transportation units, construction units, supervision units, and government supervision units, which interact with each other through the network and the function module layer. The data processing and storage layer includes a blockchain, an IPFS network, a smart contract execution module, and a chain-on-chain data mapping module. The blockchain includes a blockchain quality data management module, and the IPFS network includes an IPFS distributed file storage module. The data processing and storage layer uses smart contracts, IPFS networks, and blockchains to encrypt, hash, and index verify the quality data transmitted from the data collection layer. The function module layer includes a quality defect import function module, a quality defect traceability function module, a traceability result feedback function module, and a quality traceability database. The function module layer provides support for the user interaction layer's various units to trace quality defects, determine responsibilities, and take preventive measures.

[0023] The blockchain quality data management module is a multi-party participating blockchain network based on a Hyperledger Fabric consortium chain platform, is used for storing key quality data and metadata information of a prefabricated building project, adopts a Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data consistency, and includes the following network nodes: 1 Orderer node responsible for transaction ordering and block generation; Peer nodes respectively deployed by each participant, including an Endorser node and a Committer node of a construction unit, and Peer nodes of a design unit, a production unit, a construction unit, and a supervision unit; and 1 CertificateAuthority node responsible for identity authentication and certificate management. The IPFS distributed file storage module stores large-capacity quality files in a prefabricated building project by using an InterPlanetary File System, generates a unique content identifier CID for each file through a content addressing mechanism, adopts a fixed mechanism to ensure that important quality files remain available in multiple nodes, and stores key quality files in at least three nodes. IPFS nodes deployed by each participant form a private IPFS network by configuring a common swarmkey. The on-chain and off-chain data mapping module stores CID hash values of IPFS files on the blockchain, and establishes a trusted mapping relationship between the blockchain and IPFS. The multi-party collaborative permission management module is based on a role-based access control mechanism, assigns different data access permissions to different participants, is based on an MSP mechanism of Hyperledger Fabric to realize fine-grained permission control, the construction unit has the permission to view all data, the design unit, the production unit, and the construction unit obtain corresponding data access permissions according to their roles and responsibilities in the project, and the supervision unit has the data access permission related to quality supervision. The smart contract execution module realizes automatic execution of quality data uploading, verification, storage, and query operations through a dedicated quality data management smart contract, includes a quality data uploading function, a quality data query function, and a file integrity verification function, and realizes automatic execution of data format verification, permission verification, on-chain storage, query retrieval, and integrity checking.

[0024] Specifically, the workflow of the data processing and storage layer is as follows (as shown in Figure 7 1. Collect quality data at each stage of the prefabricated building project, standardize the data format, perform integrity checking, and perform desensitization preprocessing on sensitive information; 2. According to a preset data classification rule, the quality data is divided into three categories: core quality parameters, quality documents, and quality evidence, and the corresponding storage strategy is determined; ​3. Upload the core quality parameters and the CID of the IPFS file to the blockchain network through the smart contract, automatically verify the data format and integrity, and the verification content includes: verifying the identity and authority of the uploader, verifying that the data format meets the preset standards, verifying the correctness of the CID format of the IPFS file, and verifying the data integrity and consistency; 4. The blockchain network synchronizes the newly uploaded quality data to each participant node through the consensus mechanism, realizing real-time sharing of quality data; 5. When quality traceability is needed, the smart contract retrieves relevant quality data records from the blockchain according to the traceability conditions, and obtains the corresponding file content from the IPFS network through the CID, to assist the quality defect traceability function module in generating a complete traceability report.

[0025] Through the distributed storage characteristics of IPFS and combined with blockchain technology, the storage bottleneck and single point failure problem of traditional centralized databases are effectively solved, and the security and access efficiency of data storage are improved. At the same time, the decentralization and content addressing mechanism of IPFS provide good scalability and robustness for the system, ensuring the integrity and non-tamperability of data, providing an efficient, reliable and scalable solution for quality data traceability of prefabricated building projects.

[0026] Figure 6 It is shown that the quality traceability database is used to store project design result data, production data, construction data, transportation data, quality defect discrimination data set and quality defect processing data set, and the quality defect traceability function module will call the data in the database for auxiliary analysis when performing traceability processing. For example, the database query assistance module calls the quality data of the prefabricated component production and construction stage by connecting the quality traceability database, or uses the completed quality traceability data to support the current traceability work. At the same time, the quality traceability database will dynamically update the relevant content in the database according to the output of the traceability result feedback module, to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data, and provide more reliable basis for subsequent quality traceability processing; It includes a design result data input module for inputting BIM models, prefabricated component layout drawings and detailed processing design data generated by design units, and mapping with the system. The quality defect traceability function module will use these design data to judge whether there are factors that may cause quality defects in the design link when performing traceability processing, combined with quality defect information. For example, by comparing the actual construction situation with the design model, it is determined whether the design deviation leads to quality problems; The project production data entry module is used for recording process quality data and key production state quality data in the production stage of prefabricated components, and synchronously updating in the system. When the quality defect tracing function module traces in a fixed person, time and position, it analyzes the personnel operation, equipment operation and other conditions in the production stage according to the production data, and determines whether the quality defect is caused in the production stage and the responsibility attribution; The project construction data entry module is used for recording process data and key state quality data of the hoisting, installation and connecting pouring process of prefabricated components in the construction stage, and synchronously updating in the block chain quality data management module. The quality defect tracing function module can accurately locate and analyze the quality defect in the construction stage according to the construction data, find out which construction link and time period has problems, and then determine the relevant responsible person; The project transportation data entry module is used for recording vehicle route, loading and unloading method, binding method and key node quality monitoring data in the transportation process of prefabricated components. The quality defect tracing function module judges whether the transportation link has an impact on the component quality in combination with the transportation data in the tracing process, such as whether the improper loading and unloading method causes damage to the component, and determines the responsibility subject of the transportation link; The quality defect judgment data set is used for the quality provisions in the relevant specifications of prefabricated buildings, and is used for key judgment of quality defect causes. Specifically, the quality provisions include key state quality judgment standard data set, process quality judgment standard data set and the like, which are used for key judgment of quality defect causes of prefabricated buildings. The quality defect tracing function module judges the type and cause of the quality defect according to these judgment standards in the tracing process. The quality defect treatment data set formulates treatment measures for various quality defects of prefabricated buildings. When the quality defect tracing function module determines the causes of the quality defect, the tracing result feedback function module can obtain the corresponding treatment scheme from the data set, providing basis for quality management and problem solving of prefabricated buildings.

[0027] The quality defect treatment data set is used for compiling treatment measures for various quality defects of prefabricated buildings, providing basis for quality management and problem solving.

[0028] Specifically, the quality defect treatment data set is compiled on the basis of the system analyzing and sorting prefabricated building related specifications, research reports and academic papers, and formulating treatment measures for various quality defects of prefabricated buildings such as component cracks and installation deviation. The data set can provide corresponding treatment scheme after determining the causes of the quality defect, and provide basis for quality management and problem solving of prefabricated buildings.

[0029] The quality defect introduction function module is connected with the construction unit. When the construction unit discovers a quality defect in the prefabricated building project, the construction unit uploads relevant problem information through the module, and the module also supports the query function of the traced quality defect, and obtains relevant information through network connection to the quality traceability database; Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 When a quality defect occurs in the prefabricated building project, the construction unit uploads relevant problem information, thereby starting the quality traceability process. The module mainly includes two functions: quality defect information input and traced quality defect query. These functions ensure the smooth development of the traceability work and provide necessary basic data support for the subsequent quality traceability process.

[0030] The quality defect information input function is mainly aimed at the quality defects occurring in the prefabricated building project. The construction unit needs to upload information including the location of the project, the type of quality defect, the time and position of problem discovery, and relevant quality defect pictures to the quality defect introduction module. This function ensures the systematic collection of all key data and provides comprehensive and accurate information support for the subsequent quality traceability process.

[0031] The traced problem query function aims to provide detailed viewing of the problems that have been traced in the prefabricated building quality traceability system. Through this function, users can access detailed information of the traced quality defect, including quality defect pictures, problem type, traceability result, treatment measures, and evaluation of treatment result, etc. This function enables the tracer to fully understand the whole process of the handled problem, and provides data support and reference basis for further quality management and improvement.

[0032] The quality defect traceability function module is connected with the quality defect introduction function module, the quality traceability database, and the design achievement data input module. By calling the data in the database and the BIM model, the quality defect traceability function module realizes the functions of quality defect traceability information query, positioning, timing, and person determination, to determine the cause, time, and location of the quality defect, and provide support for responsibility determination and preventive measures. Specifically, the quality defect traceability function module identifies the cause of the quality defect in the prefabricated building project through traceability analysis, and determines the specific time and location of the quality defect, thereby providing a scientific basis for the responsibility determination of the quality defect, and providing strong support for future preventive control measures.

[0033] In this context, Figure 4 As shown, the main core functions of the quality defect traceability function module are traceability information query, database query assistance, quality defect positioning, quality defect timing, and quality defect person determination functions.

[0034] The traceability information query function is mainly used for the retrieval of traceability information of current quality defects, covering quality defects being processed. For quality defects being solved, this module supports the query of traceability progress and process analysis: the user can first read the basic information of the quality defect, then perform cause analysis based on the verified analysis data, and further decide whether to handle the problem or trace the problem to the next level.

[0035] The database query auxiliary function aims to assist users in problem analysis and handling, thereby accelerating the traceability process of quality defects. This module connects the quality traceability database to call quality data of prefabricated component production and construction stages, or utilizes completed quality traceability data to provide support for the current traceability work based on these data.

[0036] The quality traceability positioning function aims to determine the location of the cause of prefabricated building quality defects, which can effectively improve the efficiency of solving quality defects. The quality traceability positioning function is mainly achieved by combining the project BIM design model. Through the basic information of quality defects and the reasoning results of quality traceability, the relevant data are corresponded to the prefabricated component codes, thereby realizing accurate positioning and labeling in the BIM three-dimensional model.

[0037] The quality traceability timing function aims to identify the causes of prefabricated building quality defects in stages, thereby improving the accuracy of traceability results. This function is mainly based on the mapping relationship between the BIM model and the system, and realizes accurate and timely management of quality defects by embedding time attributes and event record information at specific positions in the project. In addition, this function utilizes intelligent contract coding to ensure that the timing traceability of quality defects has high accuracy.

[0038] The quality traceability person function aims to analyze the responsibility attribution of quality defects in prefabricated buildings. This function mainly relies on the responsibility organization module in the system, which first attributes the responsibility of quality defects to specific organizations or departments, and then clearly defines the specific responsibility to relevant staff according to the management system of the organization.

[0039] Figure 5 As shown, the traceability result feedback function module is connected to the user interaction layer, and according to the traceability results of the quality defect traceability module, the traceability information is fed back to each unit, and the corresponding handling measures are provided. Each unit performs traceability progress query, result evaluation and objection feedback operations through the feedback entrance of this module.

[0040] Specifically, the feedback objects of the traceability result feedback function module include five categories: construction units, design units, production units, transportation units and construction units. Each category of unit has an independent feedback entrance.

[0041] The feedback portal for construction units only covers active traceability, so its functions are mainly divided into two sections: completed traceability and in-progress traceability. The completed traceability section refers to issues whose quality traceability has been completed, and users can directly query the processing results here. The in-progress traceability section refers to issues with quality traceability in progress, and users can query the traceability progress and use this information to urge the traceability progress or evaluate the traceability results.

[0042] The feedback portals for the design and production units, four of which primarily involve passive traceability, are divided into two main sections: processed and pending. The processed section refers to completed traceability requests, where the relevant processing results can be found. The pending section refers to traceability requests from the construction unit. After reviewing the relevant traceability results, the unit must provide feedback, either approving or raising objections. If the traced party approves the results, the traceability process ends. If the traced party disagrees with the results, feedback is required, along with relevant evidence, to facilitate further traceability work.

[0043] The on-chain and off-chain data mapping module divides quality data into three types: core quality parameters, quality documents, and quality evidence. The core quality parameters are stored on the blockchain, the quality documents are encrypted and stored in IPFS, and the quality evidence is encrypted and stored in IPFS and its integrity is recorded through the blockchain.

[0044] The data classification rules for quality data are as follows: key indicators such as component size, strength grade and installation accuracy are classified as core quality parameters; structured files such as test reports and acceptance records are classified as quality documents; unstructured files such as on-site photos and videos are classified as quality evidence.

[0045] The quality defect tracing function module includes a 3D spatial positioning module and a visualization module. Based on the BIM 3D spatial positioning module model, the digital spatial foundation of prefabricated buildings is constructed to achieve accurate spatial positioning of quality defects. The visualization module visually marks the spatial positioning. The time series tracing module builds a quality event correlation map based on timestamps to accurately trace the occurrence time of quality defects and conduct temporal relationship analysis; Intelligent responsibility reasoning module, which builds an intelligent responsibility determination mechanism based on knowledge graph and reasoning algorithm, and automatically infers the possible responsible parties and degree of responsibility for quality defects; The comprehensive analysis engine sub-module integrates the analysis results of the three dimensions of space, time and responsibility and the blockchain quality data management module to generate a comprehensive quality defect traceability report.

[0046] The three-dimensional space positioning module adopts a space coordinate system based on a component level, realizes millimeter-level accurate positioning of a defect position by accurately binding quality defect information with specific components in a BIM model, and supports intuitive display of the defect position in a three-dimensional space and analysis of a spatial relationship between the defect and surrounding components; The time sequence tracing module adopts a time sequence analysis algorithm based on a blockchain timestamp, automatically identifies key time nodes including design completion time, production completion time, transportation time, and installation time by analyzing timestamp information of quality data, and determines a most possible time period of occurrence of a quality defect through time sequence correlation analysis; The intelligent responsibility reasoning module is based on a knowledge graph in the field of prefabricated building quality management, contains multi-dimensional knowledge entities and relationships such as quality defect types, cause analysis, responsible subjects, and treatment measures, and automatically reasons out the most possible responsible subject and responsibility degree according to specific characteristics and occurrence conditions of a quality defect through an intelligent responsibility reasoning algorithm; The comprehensive analysis engine adopts a multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm, organically integrates analysis results in three dimensions of space, time, and responsibility through weight distribution and correlation degree calculation, not only analyzes information in each dimension independently, but also identifies mutual influence and correlation between dimensions.

[0047] The visual display module realizes three-dimensional visual display of a BIM model and spatial labeling of quality defects through Three.js technology, supports three-dimensional marking, text labeling, and interactive viewing of defect positions.

[0048] The steps of the time sequence relationship analysis are as follows: S1, constructing a time sequence of quality events; S2, calculating a time correlation degree between quality events and defects; S3, determining a most possible cause event based on a time decay factor and an event type weight; S4, generating a time tracing chain and key time node analysis.

[0049] The steps of the intelligent responsibility reasoning module are as follows: A1, acquiring possible causes and responsibility rules from a knowledge graph based on a defect type; A2, calculating an occurrence probability of each possible cause; A3, reasoning a responsibility degree of each participating subject based on a cause probability distribution; A4, generating a responsibility distribution result and confidence evaluation.

[0050] The second implementation mode is as follows: Figure 2 A quality defect tracing method is shown, including the following steps: Step one, the design unit stores the BIM model of the device into the design achievement data input module, and obtains the corresponding CID code; Step two, the production unit obtains the CID code corresponding to the component from the blockchain through the intelligent contract execution module, obtains the design drawings from the IPFS distributed file storage module according to the code, and collects key quality data. In the production process, upload to the project production data input module through the RFID reader, and update the quality information of the component in real time; Step three, after the completion of component production, transportation, quality data in the transportation process is uploaded to the project transportation data input module through the intelligent contract module, and the component reaches the construction site. After acceptance, the acceptance data is input into the quality traceability system, and the construction result needs to be compared with the expected result to ensure that the construction quality meets the established standard. After that, the construction unit uploads the quality defect information to the system; In the key construction stages of component installation, concrete pouring, grouting, etc., Internet of Things sensors monitor the quality of components through high-precision devices such as laser scanners, total stations, and ultrasonic detectors. The key quality data obtained will be uploaded to the IPFS network through the intelligent contract. This is because IPFS has the characteristics of decentralized distributed storage, and its content addressing mechanism can assign a unique encrypted hash value to each data block, ensuring the security and access efficiency of data storage. In the entire life cycle of prefabricated components from production to construction, quality data is divided into multiple small data units and stored in multiple nodes of the IPFS network, avoiding the performance bottleneck and data loss risk of traditional centralized storage mode.

[0051] With the increase of the scale and complexity of the project, the data demand of the quality traceability system will also grow. The content addressing mechanism and distributed storage architecture of IPFS provide good scalability for the prefabricated component quality traceability system. The quality defect traceability function module can cooperate with the IPFS module to expand the storage capacity of the system by increasing IPFS nodes to adapt to the growing storage demand of quality data. At the same time, the IPFS network automatically avoids the storage of duplicate data based on CID, effectively reducing the waste of storage resources, providing an efficient, reliable and scalable solution for quality data traceability of large-scale prefabricated building projects.

[0052] Step four, the quality defect traceability function module performs standardized preprocessing according to the imported quality defect information, and uses three-dimensional spatial positioning module, time series traceability module, intelligent responsibility reasoning module, comprehensive analysis engine sub-module, blockchain, IPFS network and quality traceability database for comprehensive analysis to obtain a comprehensive traceability report; When the quality defect traceability function module carries out the traceability processing of person, time and location, based on the information provided by the quality defect import function module, if it is necessary to query related quality data during the traceability process, the corresponding quality data can be retrieved from the IPFS network according to the CID code recorded on the block chain. For example, when the quality defect traceability function module identifies the cause of the quality defect, determines the occurrence time and location, if it involves the quality data of a component at a specific time, it can be obtained from the IPFS network through the CID code, thereby enhancing the transparency and credibility of the traceability information.

[0053] The three-dimensional space positioning module combines the quality defect basic information and the quality traceability reasoning result, and corresponds the related data to the prefabricated component CID code, and performs accurate positioning labeling in the BIM three-dimensional model to realize positioning; the time sequence traceability module identifies the causes of the quality defects in stages according to the time information of problem discovery, in combination with the mapping relationship between the BIM model and the system, to realize timing; the intelligent responsibility reasoning module attributes the responsibility of the quality defect to a specific organization or department according to the information of the regional location, the responsibility organization module, etc., and further to the relevant staff.

[0054] Figure 8 It is shown that the workflow is as follows: Step S1: receiving the basic information of the quality defect, including the defect type, the discovery time, the influence range, the severity, and performing standardized preprocessing, wherein the standardized preprocessing is to analyze the position description information of the quality defect to generate position candidate coordinates; calculating accurate defect coordinates based on the geometric boundary of the component; performing visual labeling in the BIM three-dimensional model and analyzing the spatial relationship with the surrounding components; Step S2: performing spatial positioning analysis based on the BIM three-dimensional model and the defect position information, and determining the accurate position of the defect in the three-dimensional space through a coordinate matching algorithm; Step S3: retrieving the whole life cycle time information of the component related to the defect, identifying the key time nodes and determining the most possible defect occurrence time period through a time sequence analysis algorithm; Step S4: based on the type characteristics and space-time information of the quality defect, starting an intelligent responsibility reasoning engine, and analyzing the responsibility possibility of each participating subject through a knowledge graph matching and reasoning algorithm; Step S5: fusing the analysis results of the three dimensions to generate a comprehensive traceability report containing accurate spatial positioning information, detailed time traceability chain, objective responsibility determination result and processing suggestion.

[0055] Step five, the traceability result feedback function module displays the traceability result to each unit, and according to the traceability result, retrieves the corresponding processing scheme from the quality traceability database and executes the processing measures; After the quality defect tracking function module completes the tracking processing of the person, time and location, it transmits the hierarchical traceability results to the tracking result feedback function module. The tracking result feedback function module directly presents the quality tracking information to the construction unit, design unit, production unit, transportation unit and construction unit and other units according to the results. At the same time, the module will propose treatment measures for quality defects based on historical data in the quality tracking database. For example, if the quality defect tracking function module determines that a certain quality defect is caused by improper operation of a certain staff in the production stage, the tracking result feedback function module will present this information to the production unit and propose appropriate treatment measures according to the treatment measures data in the database.

[0056] Step six, after the quality defect treatment is completed, the treatment results are fed back to the quality tracking database, the quality defect treatment specification data set is updated, and the quality tracking database is maintained, including the input of project design results data, production data, construction data and transportation data, and the management of quality defect judgment data set and treatment specification data set.

[0057] Taking a prefabricated building project in Nanshan District, Shenzhen as an example, when the quality defect of improper treatment of the rough surface reserved at the horizontal and vertical joint surface of the prefabricated wallboard occurs, the quality data of each stage of the prefabricated wallboard needs to be uploaded to the IPFS system, and then the CID code of the prefabricated wallboard component acceptance test data file is obtained. The key data of the prefabricated wall component design, production, transportation and construction stage is obtained, and the report is obtained after traceability analysis.

[0058] In combination with the current actual needs, the above-mentioned embodiments adopted by the present application are not limited to the scope, and various changes made within the knowledge range of those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the present application still fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings, characterized by: It includes a user interaction layer, a data processing and storage layer, a data collection layer, and a functional layer, wherein the data collection layer is used to collect key quality data of prefabricated building components at different stages; The user interaction layer includes construction units, design units, production units, transportation units, construction units, supervision units and government supervision units, which interact with each other through the network and functional module layer; The data processing and storage layer includes a blockchain, an IPFS network, a smart contract execution module, and an on-chain and off-chain data mapping module. The blockchain includes a blockchain quality data management module, and the IPFS network includes an IPFS distributed file storage module. The data processing and storage layer uses smart contracts, the IPFS network, and the blockchain to encrypt, hash, and distribute the quality data transmitted from the data collection layer and perform index verification. The functional module layer includes a quality defect import functional module, a quality defect tracing functional module, a tracing result feedback functional module and a quality tracing database. The functional module layer provides support for each unit in the user interaction layer to trace quality defects, determine responsibilities and take preventive measures.

2. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blockchain quality data management module is a multi-party blockchain network built on the Hyperledger Fabric consortium chain platform, which is used to store key quality data and metadata information of prefabricated building projects and uses the Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data consistency; The IPFS distributed file storage module uses the InterPlanetary File System to store large-capacity quality files in prefabricated building projects, and generates a unique content identifier (CID) for each file through the content addressing mechanism; The on-chain and off-chain data mapping module stores the CID hash value of the IPFS file on the blockchain and establishes a trusted mapping relationship between the blockchain and IPFS; Multi-party collaborative rights management module, based on the role-based access control mechanism, assigns differentiated data access rights to different participants; The smart contract execution module realizes the automated execution of quality data uploading, verification, storage and query operations through a dedicated quality data management smart contract.

3. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1 is characterized by: The quality traceability database is used to store project design results data, production data, construction data, transportation data, quality defect identification data set and quality defect processing data set, including a design results data entry module for entering the BIM model, prefabricated component layout drawing and in-depth processing drawing design data generated by the design unit, and mapping them with this system; The project production data entry module is used to record the process quality data and key production status quality data of the prefabricated component production stage, and update them synchronously in this system; The project construction data entry module is used to record the process data and key status quality data of the prefabricated component lifting, installation, connection and pouring procedures during the construction phase, and update them synchronously in the blockchain quality data management module; The project transportation data entry module is used to record the vehicle routes, loading and unloading methods, lashing methods and key node quality monitoring data during the transportation of prefabricated components; A quality defect identification dataset, which is used to incorporate quality clauses into prefabricated building specifications and to identify the causes of quality defects. The quality defect processing dataset is used to compile treatment measures for various types of prefabricated building quality defects, providing a basis for quality management and problem solving.

4. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 3 is characterized by: The quality defect import function module is connected to the construction unit. When the construction unit finds quality defects in the prefabricated building project, it uploads relevant problem information through this module. It also supports the query function of traced quality defects and obtains relevant information through the network connection to the quality traceability database; The quality defect tracing function module is connected to the quality defect import function module, the quality tracing database, and the design results data entry module. By calling the data in the database and the BIM model, it can realize the traceability information query, location, timing, and person-assignment functions of quality defects to determine the cause, time, and location of quality defects, and provide support for responsibility determination and preventive measures; The traceability result feedback function module is connected to the user interaction layer. Based on the traceability results of the quality defect traceability module, it feeds back the traceability information to each unit and provides corresponding processing measures. Each unit can query the traceability progress, evaluate the results and provide objection feedback through the feedback entrance of this module.

5. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The on-chain and off-chain data mapping module divides quality data into three types: core quality parameters, quality documents and quality evidence. The core quality parameters are stored on the blockchain, the quality documents are encrypted and stored in IPFS, and the quality evidence is encrypted and stored in IPFS and its integrity proof is recorded through the blockchain.

6. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data classification rules for the quality data are as follows: key indicators such as component size, strength grade and installation accuracy are classified as core quality parameters; structured files such as inspection reports and acceptance records are classified as quality documents; and unstructured files such as on-site photos and videos are classified as quality evidence.

7. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The quality defect tracing function module includes a three-dimensional spatial positioning module and a visualization module. Based on the BIM three-dimensional spatial positioning module model, a digital spatial foundation of prefabricated buildings is constructed to achieve accurate spatial positioning of quality defects. The visualization module visually marks the spatial positioning. The time series tracing module builds a quality event correlation map based on timestamps to accurately trace the occurrence time of quality defects and conduct temporal relationship analysis; Intelligent responsibility reasoning module, which builds an intelligent responsibility determination mechanism based on knowledge graph and reasoning algorithm, and automatically infers the possible responsible parties and degree of responsibility for quality defects; The comprehensive analysis engine sub-module integrates the analysis results of the three dimensions of space, time and responsibility and the blockchain quality data management module to generate a comprehensive quality defect traceability report.

8. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps of the timing relationship analysis are: S1. Construct a time series of quality events; S2. Calculate the temporal correlation between quality events and defects; S3. Determine the most likely causal event based on the time decay factor and event type weight; S4. Generate time tracing chain and key time node analysis.

9. The quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps of the intelligent responsibility reasoning module are as follows: A1. Obtain possible causes and responsibility rules from the knowledge graph based on defect types; A2. Calculate the probability of each possible cause. A3. Reasoning the degree of responsibility of each participant based on the probability distribution of causes; A4. Generate responsibility distribution results and confidence assessment.

10. A quality defect tracing method, according to the quality defect tracing system for prefabricated buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The design unit stores the BIM model of the device and building project into the design results data entry module and obtains the corresponding CID code; Step 2: The production unit obtains the CID code corresponding to the component from the blockchain through the smart contract execution module, and updates all the quality information of the component in real time through the RFID reader during the production process; Step 3: The quality data of the component transportation process is uploaded to the project transportation data entry module, and the acceptance data is entered into the quality traceability system. After that, the construction unit uploads the quality defect information to the system; Step 4: The quality defect tracing function module performs standardized pre-processing based on the imported quality defect information and obtains a comprehensive traceability report after comprehensive analysis; Step 5: Quality defect treatment measures: According to the traceability results, the corresponding treatment plan is retrieved from the quality traceability database and the treatment measures are implemented; Step 6: After the quality defect processing is completed, the processing results will be fed back to the quality traceability database and the quality defect processing specification data set will be updated.

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