Four-end laminated battery assembly and preparation thereof, and photovoltaic assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly provides a four-end laminated cell module, preparation thereof and a photovoltaic module. The four-end laminated battery assembly comprises a bottom battery pack and a perovskite battery pack, the perovskite battery pack comprises a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries, and each perovskite sub-battery comprises a first electrode layer, a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second transmission layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked in sequence; the perovskite sub-cell further comprises a first groove penetrating through the first electrode layer, a second groove penetrating through the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second transmission layer, and a third groove penetrating through the second electrode layer. The total width of the second trench and the third trench is 500-770 [mu] m. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the optical distribution can be adjusted, and the optical performance of the module can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a four-terminal laminated cell assembly, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0002] Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite material is suitable as a light-absorbing layer of a solar cell due to excellent photoelectric performance and low cost, and the band gap of the perovskite material is adjustable, so that the perovskite material can be stacked with other photovoltaic materials of different band gaps to form a laminated solar cell, thereby achieving extremely high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0003] According to different connection modes of the top and bottom cells, the perovskite / crystalline silicon laminated cell is mainly divided into 2T laminated and 4T laminated. The existing narrow dead zone is relative to a single cell, but for the laminated cell, because of the existence of the bottom cell, the narrow dead zone is not necessarily the best, and for the four-terminal laminated cell stacked mechanically, in addition to improving the efficiency of the top and bottom cells, the optical distribution of the top and bottom cells is also a key to improve the efficiency. In a conventional perovskite / crystalline silicon laminated cell, the width of the dead zone of the perovskite top cell is controlled in a small range, and the area of the dead zone is too small to be conducive to the entry of light into the bottom cell, thereby affecting the optical distribution of the laminated cell. Moreover, the too narrow dead zone affects the process stability and product yield. Therefore, how to reasonably regulate the optical distribution of the four-terminal laminated cell to achieve the best optical distribution is crucial to improve the performance of the perovskite / crystalline silicon four-terminal laminated cell. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a four-terminal laminated cell assembly, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module to solve or alleviate the technical problems proposed above. In the four-terminal laminated cell assembly in the technical solution of the present application, the total width of the first groove and the second groove of the perovskite cell group is adjusted to improve the optical distribution of the bottom cell and improve the optical performance of the four-terminal laminated cell assembly.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a four-terminal laminated cell assembly, comprising: a bottom cell group and a perovskite cell group stacked in sequence along a first direction; The perovskite cell group comprises a plurality of perovskite sub-cells. The perovskite sub-cell comprises: a first electrode layer, a first transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a second transport layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence along the first direction. The perovskite sub-cell further comprises: a first groove penetrating the first electrode layer, a second groove penetrating the first transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second transport layer, and a third groove penetrating the second electrode layer. The total width of the second groove and the third groove is 500-770 μm.

[0006] Optionally, the width of the second groove is 200-320 μm; and / or The width of the third groove is 300-450 μm.

[0007] Optionally, the width of the second groove is 250-320 μm; and / or The width of the third groove is 350-450 μm.

[0008] Optionally, the width of the first groove is 30-70 μm; The width of the area between the first groove and the second groove is 10-30 μm; The width of the area between the second groove and the third groove is 10-30 μm.

[0009] Optionally, each of the perovskite sub-cells comprises an active area and a dead zone arranged adjacently; the dead zone comprises the second groove and the third groove.

[0010] Optionally, the ratio of the total area of the second groove and the third groove to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.04-0.15.

[0011] Optionally, the dead zone further comprises the first groove, the area between the first groove and the second groove, and the area between the second groove and the third groove; The ratio of the area of the dead zone to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.06-0.18.

[0012] Optionally, the proportion of the bottom cell group absorbing full-band spectrum sunlight is 6%-40%.

[0013] Optionally, the width of the perovskite sub-cell is 4-8 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the perovskite cell group comprises a plurality of perovskite cell strings, each of the perovskite cell strings comprises a plurality of perovskite sub-cells, and adjacent perovskite cell strings have a non-power generation area.

[0015] Optionally, the ratio of the total area of the non-power generation area to the total area of the perovskite cell group is 0.3-0.4.

[0016] Optionally, the width of the non-power generation area is 1.5-3 mm.

[0017] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method of a four-terminal laminated cell assembly, comprising: forming a first electrode layer on a substrate, and performing first laser scribing on the first electrode layer to form a first groove; forming a second electrode layer on the second transport layer, performing third laser scribing on the second electrode layer to form a third trench, and forming a perovskite battery pack comprising a plurality of perovskite sub-cells; forming a second electrode layer on the second transport layer, performing third laser scribing on the second electrode layer to form a third trench, and forming a perovskite battery pack comprising a plurality of perovskite sub-cells; placing the perovskite battery pack on the bottom battery pack; The total width of the second trench and the third trench is 500-770 μm.

[0018] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module, comprising: the four-terminal laminated battery pack assembly provided by any of the above embodiments, or the four-terminal laminated battery pack assembly prepared by the preparation method of the four-terminal laminated battery pack assembly provided by any of the above embodiments.

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can include the following advantages: In the four-terminal laminated battery pack assembly of the embodiments of the present application, the total width of the second trench and the third trench of the perovskite battery pack is adjusted to improve the optical distribution of the crystalline silicon bottom battery and improve the optical performance of the battery pack assembly. In the embodiments of the present application, the total width of the second trench and the third trench is controlled to be 500-770 μm, so that more light can pass through the perovskite top battery and enter the bottom battery. Compared with adjusting the optical distribution by adjusting the band gap of the perovskite battery, the method of adjusting the width of the second trench and the third trench of the perovskite battery pack is convenient and easy to control, avoids the influence of factors such as perovskite crystallization, interface matching and phase change on the process when the band gap of the perovskite material is adjusted, and avoids the process complexity caused by perovskite crystallization control and phase separation. In addition, compared with a narrower dead zone width, increasing the dead zone width (specifically, increasing the total width of the second trench and the third trench) can improve the stability and accuracy of scribing in large-area production and improve the production yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In the drawings, identical reference numbers in the various figures indicate identical or similar elements or elements with the same function. These drawings are not necessarily to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure and should not be considered limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery pack of the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery pack of another embodiment of the present application; Figure 3It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Description of reference numerals: 100, bottom battery pack; 200, perovskite cell group; 210, perovskite subcell; 211, first electrode layer; 212a, first transmission layer; 212b, perovskite light absorption layer; 212c, second transmission layer; 213, second electrode layer; 214, active region; 215, dead region; 220, substrate; 231, perovskite cell string; 232, non-power generation region; P1, first groove; P2, second groove; P3, third groove; P4, area between the first groove and the second groove; P5, area between the second groove and the third groove; 300, backplane; 400, first packaging film; 500, second packaging film; 600, cover plate; 700, packaging structure; D1, first direction; W1, width of the area between the first trench and the second trench; W2, width of the area between the second trench and the third trench; W3, width of the dead zone; W4, width of the perovskite sub-cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the sizes of layers, regions, and elements and their relative sizes may be exaggerated for clarity. The same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a four-terminal stacked battery assembly, comprising: a bottom battery group 100 and a perovskite battery group 200 sequentially stacked along a first direction D1; The perovskite battery pack 200 includes: a plurality of perovskite sub-cells 210, each of which includes: a first electrode layer 211, a first transmission layer 212a, a perovskite light absorption layer 212b, a second transmission layer 212c, and a second electrode layer 213 sequentially stacked along a first direction D1; The perovskite subcell 210 further includes: a first trench P1 penetrating the first electrode layer 211 , a second trench P2 penetrating the first transmission layer 212 a , the perovskite light absorbing layer 212 b , and the second transmission layer 212 c , and a third trench P3 penetrating the second electrode layer 213 ; The total width of the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 is 500-770 μm.

[0025] In the four-terminal laminated battery assembly of the embodiments of the present application, the total width of the second groove and the third groove of the perovskite battery pack is adjusted to improve the optical distribution of the crystalline silicon bottom cell and improve the optical performance of the battery assembly. In the embodiments of the present application, the total width of the second groove and the third groove is controlled to be 500-770 μm (for example, 500 μm, 520 μm, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, 770 μm), and more light can pass through the perovskite top cell to the bottom cell. Compared with adjusting the optical distribution by adjusting the band gap of the perovskite battery, the method of adjusting the width of the second groove and the third groove of the perovskite battery pack is convenient and easy to control, avoids the influence of perovskite crystallization, interface matching, and phase change on the process when adjusting the band gap of the perovskite material, and avoids the process complexity caused by perovskite crystallization control and phase separation. In addition, compared with a narrower dead zone width, increasing the dead zone width (specifically, increasing the total width of the second groove and the third groove) can improve the stability and accuracy of the scribe line in large-area production and improve the production yield.

[0026] In some embodiments, each perovskite sub-cell 210 includes an active area 214 and a dead zone 215 arranged adjacent to each other; the dead zone 215 includes a second groove P2 and a third groove P3.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ratio of the total area of the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.04-0.15. In specific embodiments, the ratio of the total area of the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 to the area of the perovskite sub-cell can be 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.15.

[0028] In some embodiments, the dead zone 215 further includes a first groove P1, a region P4 between the first groove and the second groove, and a region P5 between the second groove and the third groove; the ratio of the dead zone area to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.06-0.18. In the embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the dead zone area to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.06-0.18 (for example, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18), which can ensure sufficient power generation area while performing reasonable optical distribution, balancing power generation efficiency and optical performance.

[0029] In the present application, the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, the region between the first groove and the second groove, and the region between the second groove and the third groove, which are unable to generate electricity, collectively constitute a dead zone. The dead zone is an area that is unable to generate electricity due to the laser scribing process. In the embodiments of the present application, the width of the dead zone is 550 μm-900 μm (for example, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, 800 μm, 850 μm, 900 μm).

[0030] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the width of the second groove P2 is 200 μm-320 μm. In other embodiments, the width of the second groove P2 is 200 μm-320 μm. Figure 1

[0031] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the width of the third groove P3 is 300 μm-450 μm. In other embodiments, the width of the third groove P3 is 300 μm-450 μm. Figure 1

[0032] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the width of the first groove P1 is 30 μm-70 μm; the width of the second groove P2 is 200 μm-300 μm; the width of the third groove P3 is 300 μm-450 μm; the width W1 of the region between the first groove and the second groove is 10 μm-30 μm; and the width W2 of the region between the second groove and the third groove is 10 μm-30 μm. Figure 1

[0033] ​​​In this application, the dead zone of each perovskite subcell includes the individual grooves to which it belongs and the areas between adjacent grooves. In the embodiments of this application, the groove widths are relatively wide (especially the second and third grooves), and the width of the spacing regions is relatively narrow, which is more conducive to the entry of sunlight into the bottom cell group and helps to form a reasonable optical distribution. Reasonable groove widths and spacing region widths can improve the electrical and optical performance of the battery assembly and enhance the overall performance of the battery assembly. In some embodiments, the width of the first groove is 30μm-70μm (for example, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm). In some embodiments, the width of the second groove is 200μm-320μm (for example, 200μm, 210μm, 230μm, 240μm, 250μm, 260μm, 280μm, 290μm, 300μm, 320μm), preferably 250μm-320μm. In some embodiments, the width of the third trench is 300 μm to 450 μm (e.g., 300 μm, 320 μm, 330 μm, 350 μm, 360 μm, 380 μm, 400 μm, 410 μm, 430 μm, 450 μm), preferably 350 μm to 450 μm. In some embodiments, the width of the region between the first trench and the second trench is 10 μm to 30 μm (e.g., 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm). In some embodiments, the width of the region between the second trench and the third trench is 10 μm to 30 μm (e.g., 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm).

[0034] In some embodiments, projections of the first trench, the second trench, and the third trench on the substrate do not overlap at all.

[0035] Each groove is independent in spatial position, avoiding problems such as structural complexity, increased process difficulty, and interference in optical performance that may be caused by overlapping groove projections. Ensuring clear separation between grooves helps improve the stability and reliability of battery components.

[0036] In some embodiments, the bottom cell group absorbs 6%-40% of full-spectrum sunlight.

[0037] By properly controlling the proportion of sunlight entering the bottom cell group, the absorption and conversion of light between the perovskite cell group and the bottom cell group can be better coordinated, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire cell assembly and further improving the optimized design of optical distribution. Specifically, the proportion of sunlight absorbed by the bottom cell group across the full spectrum is 6%-40% (for example, 6%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%).

[0038] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the width W4 of the perovskite subcell is 4mm-8mm.

[0039] The present application forms a plurality of perovskite sub-cells through a laser scribing process. Reasonable control of the width of the perovskite sub-cells (specifically 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm) can not only ensure the power generation efficiency, but also better combine with the width of the dead zone, so as to achieve better optical distribution and electrical performance.

[0040] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the perovskite battery group 200 includes a plurality of perovskite cell strings 231, each of which includes a plurality of perovskite sub-cells 210, and has a non-power generation area 232 between adjacent perovskite cell strings 231. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the perovskite battery group 200 includes a plurality of perovskite cell strings 231, each of which includes a plurality of perovskite sub-cells 210, and has a non-power generation area 232 between adjacent perovskite cell strings 231.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, the dead zone 215 and the non-power generation area 232 are collectively referred to as the non-active area. The non-power generation area is provided between adjacent perovskite cell strings, further increasing the area of the non-active area. The non-power generation area can serve as an optical isolation band to reduce the scattering and reflection of light between the cell strings, thereby improving the utilization rate of light. Moreover, in a four-terminal tandem cell, increasing the area of the non-power generation area can better control the proportion of light entering the bottom cell group, optimize the distribution of light in the cell group, and thus improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0042] In optional embodiments, the plurality of perovskite sub-cells forming the perovskite cell string can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0043] In some embodiments, the ratio of the total area of the non-power generation area to the total area of the perovskite battery group is 0.3-0.4.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the total area of the non-power generation area to the total area of the perovskite battery group is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 (for example, 0.30, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.40). This not only avoids excessive non-power generation area occupying effective power generation area, but also achieves better optical distribution.

[0045] In some embodiments, the width of the non-power generation area is 1.5 mm-3 mm (for example, 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.9 mm, 3 mm).

[0046] In optional embodiments, the bottom cell group can be a crystalline silicon cell group, a perovskite cell group, or a thin-film cell group.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, the crystalline silicon battery group can include a plurality of crystalline silicon batteries, including but not limited to PERC, TOPCon, HJT, XBC, etc., and the type of the crystalline silicon battery can be N-type or P-type.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the thin film battery group can be a copper-indium-gallium-selenium thin film battery.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, the connection between the perovskite battery group and the bottom battery group of the four-terminal laminated battery assembly includes but is not limited to series connection, parallel connection, or independent of each other.

[0050] The embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method of a four-terminal laminated battery assembly, including: forming a first electrode layer on a substrate (transparent glass), performing first laser scribing on the first electrode layer to form a first groove; forming a first transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, and a second transport layer on the first electrode layer in sequence, and performing second laser scribing on the first transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the second transport layer to form a second groove; forming a second electrode layer on the second transport layer, performing third laser scribing on the second electrode layer to form a third groove, and forming a perovskite battery group including a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries; arranging the perovskite battery group on the bottom battery group; wherein the total width of the second groove and the third groove is 500-770 μm.

[0051] In the present application, the transparent glass is used as a substrate material, has good optical transmittance, and can ensure that sunlight effectively penetrates through the functional layers of the perovskite sub-battery. The transparent glass also provides mechanical support and chemical stability for the battery group.

[0052] The first electrode layer is located on the substrate, and the material of the first electrode layer includes but is not limited to one or more of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO), molybdenum-doped indium oxide (IMO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and cerium-doped indium oxide (ICO). After forming the first electrode layer on the substrate, first laser is performed to form a first groove to form strip-shaped conductive electrodes independent of each other.

[0053] In the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 1As shown, the first transport layer 212a, the perovskite light absorption layer 212b, and the second transport layer 212c stacked together can be collectively referred to as a perovskite functional layer. In some embodiments, the first transport layer 212a is an electron transport layer (ETL), and the second transport layer 212c is a hole transport layer (HTL). In other embodiments, the first transport layer 212a is a hole transport layer (HTL), and the second transport layer 212c is an electron transport layer (ETL). The perovskite functional layer is formed on the first electrode layer, and the perovskite functional layer is subjected to a second laser scribing to form a second groove. The first transport layer / perovskite light absorption layer / second transport layer are removed by the second laser scribing to expose the first electrode layer, forming an empty gap. When the second electrode layer is deposited, the empty gap is filled, so that the bottom electrode of one perovskite sub-cell is connected to the top electrode of another perovskite sub-cell.

[0054] In this application, the second electrode layer is located on the second transport layer, and the material of the second electrode layer includes a transparent conductive oxide, which includes but is not limited to one or more of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO), molybdenum-doped indium oxide (IMO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and cerium-doped indium oxide (ICO). The second electrode layer is formed on the second transport layer, and the second electrode layer is subjected to a third laser scribing to form a third groove. The third laser scribing can only etch the second electrode layer to form a shallower gap, or the second electrode layer and the perovskite functional layer can be etched to form a deeper gap to achieve separation effect and form multiple perovskite sub-cells. The third groove penetrates the second electrode (or, penetrates the second electrode layer and the perovskite functional layer), but does not damage the first electrode, The embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module, which includes the four-terminal stacked cell module provided by any of the above embodiments, or the four-terminal stacked cell module prepared by the preparation method of the four-terminal stacked cell module provided by any of the above embodiments. The advantages of the four-terminal stacked cell module described above are also possessed by the photovoltaic module, which will not be described here.

[0055] In optional embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 The photovoltaic module includes, in order along a first direction D1, a back plate 300, a first encapsulation adhesive film 400, a bottom cell module 100, a second encapsulation adhesive film 500, a perovskite cell module 200, and a cover plate 600. In optional embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 The photovoltaic module further includes an encapsulation structure 700 located around the bottom cell module 100 and the perovskite cell module 200, and the encapsulation structure 700 is located between the back plate 300 and the cover plate 600.

[0056] The following specific examples further illustrate the present application but should not be construed as limiting the present application. Modifications or variations of the methods, steps or conditions of the present application can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

[0057] Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a four-terminal laminated battery assembly of Example 1 includes a bottom battery 100 (a crystalline silicon battery) and a perovskite battery 200 laminated in sequence along a first direction D1. Figures 1 to 3 The perovskite battery 200 includes a substrate 220 (transparent glass) and a plurality of perovskite cell strings 231 on the substrate 220, each of which includes a plurality of perovskite sub-cells 210, and has a non-power generation area 232 between adjacent perovskite cell strings 231. The perovskite sub-cell 210 includes a first electrode layer 211, a first transport layer 212a, a perovskite light absorption layer 212b, a second transport layer 212c, and a second electrode layer 213 laminated in sequence along the first direction D1.

[0058] The perovskite sub-cell 210 further includes a first trench P1 passing through the first electrode layer 211, a second trench P2 passing through the first transport layer 212a, the perovskite light absorption layer 212b, and the second transport layer 212c, and a third trench P3 passing through the second electrode layer 213. Each perovskite sub-cell 210 includes an active area 214 and a dead area 215 arranged adjacent to each other; the first trench P1, the second trench P2, the third trench P3, an area P4 between the first trench and the second trench, and an area P5 between the second trench and the third trench collectively constitute the dead area 215. The width of the first trench P1 is 50 μm, the width of the second trench P2 is 210 μm, the width of the third trench P3 is 350 μm, the width W1 of the area between the first trench and the second trench is 20 μm, and the width W2 of the area between the second trench and the third trench is 20 μm. The width W3 of the dead area is 650 μm, the width W4 of the perovskite sub-cell is 4 mm, the ratio C1 of the total area of the second trench and the third trench to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.14, and the ratio C2 of the area of the dead area to the area of the perovskite sub-cell is 0.16. The ratio C3 of the total area of the non-power generation area to the total area of the perovskite battery is 0.35.

[0059] Examples 2-8 ​The four-terminal tandem battery assembly of Examples 2-8 has substantially the same structure as the four-terminal tandem battery assembly of Example 1, except that the structure parameters of the four-terminal tandem battery assembly of Examples 2-8 are different. The corresponding parameters of Examples 2-8 are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 1 In order to more clearly illustrate the technical effects of the embodiments of the present application, the four-terminal tandem battery assemblies of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are also pointed out. The four-terminal tandem battery assemblies of Comparative Examples 1-2 have substantially the same structure as the four-terminal tandem battery assembly of Example 1, except that the structure parameters of the four-terminal tandem battery assemblies of Comparative Examples 1-2 are different. The corresponding parameters of Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1

[0062] Table 1 (continued)

[0063] Performance Test The four-terminal tandem battery assemblies of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present application were respectively subjected to a performance test, so as to obtain the open-circuit voltage Voc, short-circuit current density Jsc, fill factor FF, photoelectric conversion efficiency EFF of the corresponding battery assembly, and the power conversion efficiency 4T-PCE of the corresponding four-terminal tandem battery assembly, and the proportion Ratio of the crystalline silicon battery assembly absorbing full-band spectrum sunlight, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0064] Table 2

[0065] From the data in Table 2, it can be seen that, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, in Examples 1-8 of the present application, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly are not much different, but the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the crystalline silicon battery assembly are all significantly increased; in addition, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, in Examples 1-8 of the present application, the power conversion efficiency of the four-terminal tandem battery assembly is slightly increased, and the proportion of the crystalline silicon battery assembly absorbing full-band spectrum sunlight is significantly increased.

[0066] In summary, in the four-terminal laminated battery assembly of the embodiments of the present application, the total width of the second groove and the third groove of the perovskite battery group is adjusted to improve the optical distribution of the crystalline silicon bottom cell and improve the optical performance of the battery assembly. In the embodiments of the present application, the total width of the second groove and the third groove is controlled to be 500-770 μm (for example, 500 μm, 520 μm, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, 770 μm), and more light can pass through the perovskite top cell to the bottom cell. Compared with adjusting the optical distribution by adjusting the band gap of the perovskite battery, the method of adjusting the width of the second groove and the third groove of the perovskite battery group is convenient and easy to control, avoiding the influence of perovskite crystallization, interface matching, and phase change on the process when adjusting the band gap of the perovskite material, avoiding the process complexity caused by perovskite crystallization control and phase separation. In addition, compared with a narrower dead zone width, increasing the dead zone width (specifically, increasing the total width of the second groove and the third groove) can improve the stability and accuracy of the scribe line in large-area production and improve the production yield.

[0067] The embodiments of the present application can provide a photovoltaic system including the photovoltaic assembly in any of the above embodiments. The photovoltaic system has the advantages of the photovoltaic assembly described above, which will not be repeated here. The photovoltaic system has a wide range of applications, not limited to photovoltaic power stations, such as ground power stations, roof power stations, and water surface power stations, but also including various devices and apparatuses that utilize solar power, such as user solar power sources, solar street lamps, solar cars, and solar buildings. Of course, it can be understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to this, that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that need to use solar power for power generation. For example, the photovoltaic power generation system network can include a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, and an inverter, the photovoltaic array can be an array combination of multiple photovoltaic assemblies, for example, multiple photovoltaic assemblies can form multiple photovoltaic arrays, the photovoltaic array is connected to the combiner box, the combiner box can combine the current generated by the photovoltaic array, the combined current flows through the inverter to convert into alternating current required by the power grid, and then is connected to the power network to realize solar power supply.

[0068] It is noted that the terms "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer" and the like, merely describe the orientation in the drawings in use and are not intended to denote specific orientations of the device or element described herein, unless otherwise indicated by context. The terms "inner," "outer" refer to the relative inward or outward position with reference to the profile of the component itself. For example, if an element in the drawings was inverted, then an element described as "above" or "below" other components or structures would then be oriented "below" or "above" the other elements or structures. As such, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both positions depending on the position of the element being referred to, it being understood that the relative position is relative to the profile of the component itself. The component can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated at 90 degrees, or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions contained herein are to be interpreted consistent with this understanding.

[0069] It is noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like, used in the description and in the claims of the present application upon the priority date thereof, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of practical implementation irrespective of the particular sequential or chronological order of the steps concerned. Moreover, the terms "comprise," "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises, has or includes a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0070] It is further noted that the use of "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," etc., does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. In other words, the various embodiments described throughout the specification can be combined with each other, unless the context excludes such a combination. Further, the terms "a" or "an," as used herein, are defined as one or more, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment focuses on different aspects, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0072] It also needs to be explained that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the patent protection scope of the application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the application specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A four-terminal stacked battery assembly, characterized in that: include: A bottom battery group and a perovskite battery group stacked in sequence along a first direction; Wherein, the perovskite battery pack includes a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries; The perovskite subcell comprises: a first electrode layer, a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second transmission layer, and a second electrode layer sequentially stacked along a first direction; The perovskite sub-cell further includes: a first groove penetrating the first electrode layer, a second groove penetrating the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the second transmission layer, and a third groove penetrating the second electrode layer; The total width of the second trench and the third trench is 500-770 μm.

2. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the second groove is 200 μm-320 μm; and / or The width of the third groove is 300 μm-450 μm.

3. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the second groove is 250 μm-320 μm; and / or The width of the third groove is 350 μm-450 μm.

4. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the first groove is 30 μm-70 μm; The width of the region between the first groove and the second groove is 10 μm to 30 μm; The width of the region between the second trench and the third trench is 10 μm-30 μm.

5. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the perovskite sub-cells includes an active area and a dead area that are adjacent to each other; the dead area includes the second trench and the third trench.

6. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ratio of the total area of ​​the second trench and the third trench to the area of ​​the perovskite sub-cell is 0.04-0.

15.

7. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dead zone further includes the first groove, the area between the first groove and the second groove, and the area between the second groove and the third groove; The ratio of the dead zone area to the perovskite sub-cell area is 0.06-0.

18.

8. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom cell group absorbs 6%-40% of the full-band spectrum sunlight.

9. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the perovskite sub-cell is 4mm-8mm.

10. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The perovskite battery group includes a plurality of perovskite battery strings, each of the perovskite battery strings includes a plurality of the perovskite sub-cells, and a non-power generation area is provided between adjacent perovskite battery strings.

11. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that: The ratio of the total area of ​​the non-power generation area to the total area of ​​the perovskite battery group is 0.3-0.

4.

12. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that: The width of the non-power generation area is 1.5 mm to 3 mm.

13. The four-terminal stacked battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom battery pack is one of a crystalline silicon battery pack, a perovskite battery pack, and a thin film battery pack.

14. A method for preparing a four-terminal stacked battery assembly, characterized in that: include: forming a first electrode layer on a substrate, and performing a first laser scribing on the first electrode layer to form a first groove; forming a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, and a second transmission layer on the first electrode layer in sequence, and performing a second laser scribing on the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the second transmission layer to form a second groove; forming a second electrode layer on the second transmission layer, and performing a third laser scribing on the second electrode layer to form a third groove, thereby forming a perovskite battery pack including a plurality of perovskite sub-cells; placing the perovskite battery pack on a bottom battery pack; Wherein, the total width of the second groove and the third groove is 500-770 μm.

15. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A four-terminal laminated battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, or a four-terminal laminated battery assembly prepared by the preparation method of the four-terminal laminated battery assembly according to claim 14.

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