Crop planting substrate for promoting rhizome system development and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop planting substrate for promoting rhizome system development and a preparation method thereof. The substrate comprises the following components by volume ratio: 10-20% of straw biogas residue; 50-60% of peat; 15 to 25% of vermiculite; 15 to 25% of perlite; wherein the substrate further comprises a functional additive, and the functional additive is selected from one or more of potassium fulvate, chitosan or plant growth promoting flora. The crop planting substrate provided by the invention significantly promotes the development of rhizome systems through the synergistic effect of the organic-inorganic composite system and the functional additive. The layered structure design optimizes the slow-release effect of water and fertilizer, the water-absorbent resin enhances the water-retaining property, the slow-release fertilizer particles provide continuous nutrients, and the pH regulator maintains a suitable acid-base environment. Compared with a traditional substrate, the volume weight, the total porosity and the gas-water ratio of the substrate are more suitable for root growth, and the substrate is especially suitable for seedling raising of crops such as rice and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a crop planting matrix for promoting the development of rhizomes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, crop planting substrates are widely used in seedling cultivation and cultivation to promote root and stem development and increase crop yields. Common substrates include peat, vermiculite, perlite, and organic waste (such as straw and biogas residue), which are mixed in different proportions to create a physical and chemical environment suitable for root growth. For example, CN106220404A discloses a saline-alkali land improvement substrate that uses materials such as straw, biogas residue, and desulfurized gypsum to improve soil structure; other substrate products improve nutrient utilization by adding fulvic acid or microbial agents. These substrates have met the needs of agricultural production to a certain extent and are particularly widely used in seedling cultivation of crops such as rice and vegetables. However, there is still room for improvement in their formulations and preparation processes, especially in the targeted optimization of root development.

[0003] Although existing substrate technology has made some progress, it still has significant defects. The non-renewable nature of peat, as the main component, leads to resource shortages and environmental damage; some substrates (such as modifiers containing desulfurized gypsum) may introduce heavy metals, posing a pollution risk. In addition, most existing substrates have a single structure, with limited water retention and nutrient release effects, making it difficult to fully meet the needs of root and stem development. In terms of preparation technology, incomplete fermentation or uneven mixing can easily lead to unstable substrate performance, affecting root vitality and crop growth. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an environmentally friendly, efficient, and structurally optimized substrate and its preparation method to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a crop planting matrix that promotes the development of rhizomes and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A crop planting matrix for promoting root and rhizome development, the matrix comprising the following components in the following volume ratios: Straw and biogas residue 10-20%; Peat 50-60%; Vermiculite 15-25%; Perlite 15-25%; The matrix further comprises functional additives, and the functional additives are selected from one or more of potassium fulvic acid, chitosan or plant growth promoting bacteria.

[0006] Preferably, the amount of potassium fulvic acid added in the functional additive is 0.5-2% of the dry weight of the substrate, the amount of chitosan added is 0.1-0.5% of the dry weight of the substrate, and the amount of plant growth promoting bacteria added is 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of the substrate.

[0007] Preferably, the matrix has a bulk density of 0.14-0.15 g / cm³, a total porosity greater than 68%, and an air-water ratio of 0.35-0.48.

[0008] Preferably, the substrate has a layered structure, including a water-retaining layer and a nutrient layer, wherein the water-retaining layer contains a water-absorbing resin, and the nutrient layer contains straw biogas residue or a mixture of coconut husk, peat, vermiculite, perlite and functional additives, and the straw biogas residue includes one or more of sisal biogas residue, sugarcane bagasse or coconut husk biogas residue.

[0009] Preferably, the substrate further comprises a pH regulator, which is selected from one or more of lime, ferrous sulfate or humic acid, and is added in an amount of 0.2-1.5% of the dry weight of the substrate to adjust the pH of the substrate to 5.5-7.5.

[0010] Preferably, slow-release fertilizer particles are embedded in the nutrient layer of the substrate. The slow-release fertilizer particles contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements, and the added amount is 1-5% of the dry weight of the substrate.

[0011] A method for preparing a crop planting substrate for promoting root and rhizome development comprises the following steps: (1) Mix straw biogas residue and cow dung in a mass ratio of 1:1-2 and compost for 7-14 days, with the compost temperature controlled above 60°C; (2) Mix the fermented straw residue with peat, vermiculite, and perlite according to volume ratio, add functional additives, and stir evenly; (3) The mixture is formed into matrix blocks or filled into matrix boxes.

[0012] Preferably, step (2) further comprises adding a water-absorbing resin, and forming a water-retaining layer and a nutrient layer by layered filling, wherein the water-retaining layer is located at the bottom of the matrix box, and the nutrient layer is located above the water-retaining layer.

[0013] Preferably, the matrix block in step (3) is formed using automated pressing equipment at a pressing pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa.

[0014] Preferably, the mixing process in step (2) adopts wet stirring, the stirring time is 10-30 minutes, and the moisture content is controlled at 40-60% to ensure uniform distribution of the functional additives.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The crop planting matrix provided by the present invention significantly promotes the development of the root system through the synergistic effect of the organic-inorganic composite system and functional additives. The layered structure design optimizes the slow-release effect of water and fertilizer, the water-absorbing resin enhances water retention, the slow-release fertilizer particles provide continuous nutrients, and the pH regulator maintains a suitable acid-base environment. Compared with traditional matrices, the bulk density, total porosity and air-water ratio of this matrix are more suitable for root growth, and it is particularly suitable for raising seedlings of crops such as rice and Chinese medicinal materials. The present invention improves the physical properties and chemical stability of the matrix through environmentally friendly materials and precise proportions, providing an efficient solution for agricultural production.

[0016] 2. The preparation method of the present invention ensures that the matrix performance is stable and suitable for industrial production by optimizing the fermentation, mixing and molding processes. Fermentation of straw biogas residue and cow dung kills pathogens and increases the humus content; wet stirring ensures the uniform distribution of functional additives; and automated pressing forms matrix blocks with stable structures. These process steps reduce production costs and improve the consistency and repeatability of the matrix. Compared with traditional preparation methods, this method avoids the problems of incomplete fermentation or uneven mixing, and significantly improves the quality of the matrix. In addition, the use of agricultural waste as raw materials reduces resource waste, conforms to the concept of circular economy, and provides technical support for large-scale production.

[0017] 3. The present invention significantly reduces environmental pollution and improves economic benefits through environmentally friendly materials and sustainable process design. Compared with traditional peat matrices, this matrix reduces the amount of peat used, alleviates the pressure on non-renewable resources, and prohibits the use of heavy metal waste to avoid the risk of soil pollution. The recycling of straw and biogas residue effectively reduces the burning of agricultural waste and reduces air pollution. In terms of economy, the cost of raw materials is low, and the automated production process further improves efficiency and reduces production costs. In addition, the application of layered structure and slow-release fertilizers reduces fertilizer waste, improves nutrient utilization, and saves farmers planting costs. The present invention takes into account both environmental and economic benefits, providing innovative support for the sustainable development of modern agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the preparation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0020] Example 1 This example provides a crop planting matrix for promoting root and rhizome development. The matrix's components, by volume, include: 12% coconut palm biogas residue, 58% peat, 18% vermiculite, and 22% perlite. Functional additives, based on matrix dry weight, include: 1.5% potassium fulvate, 0.2% chitosan, and 0.08% plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR, containing Bacillus subtilis). To optimize the chemical environment, humic acid (1.0% by dry weight) was added as a pH adjuster to adjust the matrix pH to 6.0. Slow-release fertilizer granules (containing 15% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus, and 15% potassium, 4% by dry weight) were embedded in the nutrient layer. The matrix has a layered structure, with a bottom water-retention layer (1.5 cm thick) containing a water-absorbing resin (sodium polyacrylate) and an upper nutrient layer (6 cm thick) containing the aforementioned components. The matrix's bulk density was measured to be 0.145 g / cm³, with a total porosity of 72% and an air-water ratio of 0.45. This substrate has strong water retention and excellent air permeability, and is suitable for growing seedlings of Chinese medicinal materials (such as astragalus) and rice seedlings in plug trays.

[0021] Example 2 See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing the crop planting substrate described in Example 1, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Coconut husk residue and cow dung were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2 for composting. A closed fermentation tank was used for fermentation for 12 days. The temperature of the compost was controlled at 62-68 °C. The compost was turned once a day to ensure sufficient oxygen, kill pathogens and increase the organic matter content.

[0022] (2) Fermented coconut palm biogas residue was mixed with peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a biaxial mixer at a volume ratio of 12:58:18:22. Potassium fulvate (1.5% by dry weight), chitosan (0.2% by dry weight), PGPR microbial consortium (0.08% by dry weight), humic acid (1.0% by dry weight), and slow-release fertilizer granules (4% by dry weight) were added in sequence. Wet mixing was performed by spraying water to a moisture content of 55% for 25 minutes to ensure uniform distribution of the components.

[0023] (3) Fill the matrix box in layers: fill the bottom with a water-absorbing resin (sodium polyacrylate) to form a water-retention layer (thickness 1.5 cm), and fill the top with the mixture to form a nutrient layer (thickness 6 cm). Use an automated pressing machine (model XYZ-200, pressure 1.2 MPa) to press the mixture into matrix blocks of 5 cm × 5 cm × 6 cm and dry to a moisture content of 20%. The resulting matrix blocks have a compact structure and are suitable for use in large-scale seedling production lines.

[0024] Example 3 This example is designed for low-temperature environments above 3,000 meters above sea level. The matrix volume ratio is 20% coconut palm biogas residue, 55% peat, 15% vermiculite, and 20% perlite. Functional additives include potassium fulvate (1.2% dry weight), chitosan (0.4% dry weight), and the cold-resistant strain Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.07% dry weight). Humic acid (1.5% dry weight) is used to adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0. The slow-release fertilizer uses a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 18-12-15 (3.5% dry weight) and contains trace elements of boron and zinc (0.3% dry weight). The matrix layered structure consists of a bottom 2cm sodium polyacrylate and biodegradable fiber composite water-retaining layer and an upper 8cm nutrient layer. The measured bulk density is 0.147g / cm³, the total porosity is 70%, and the air-water ratio is 0.42. It can significantly improve the root activity (by 40%) and germination rate (by 25%) of highland barley and quinoa in low-temperature environments.

[0025] Example 4 In this example, raw materials were prepared by fermenting a 1:1 mixture of coconut chaff and earthworm manure (tunnel fermentation at 55-60°C for 8 days). The mixture consisted of 15% coconut chaff, 60% peat, 18% vermiculite, and 17% perlite by volume. Potassium fulvate (0.8% dry weight), chitosan (0.3% dry weight), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (0.05% dry weight), and humic acid (0.6% dry weight) were added to adjust the pH to 6.3. A slow-release fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a ratio of 10-10-10 (2% dry weight) was used. Carbon dioxide was injected during wet stirring to activate the material (50% moisture). A 1.0MPa hydraulic press is used to press it into a cylindrical block with a diameter of 10cm and a height of 8cm. The surface 1cm layer is a starch-grafted acrylate water-retaining layer, and the interior is a mixed matrix. After drying, it is coated with a degradable anti-mildew film. The bulk density is 0.144g / cm³, the porosity is 71%, and the air-water ratio is 0.38. When used in spinach and lettuce hydroponic systems, it can reduce nutrient solution consumption by 30% and increase yield by 20%.

[0026] Example 5 This example is specifically designed for growing crops in coastal saline-alkali soils. The substrate composition by volume is 10% coconut palm biogas residue, 50% peat, 25% vermiculite, and 25% perlite. Functional additives include a high dose of potassium fulvate (2.0% dry weight) and the salt-tolerant strain Halomonas (0.1% dry weight). The pH is adjusted to 5.5-6.0 with ferrous sulfate (1.0% dry weight). A slow-release fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 12-18-15 (4% ​​dry weight) is used, along with sodium humate (0.5% dry weight). The structure features a 3cm bottom polyacrylamide-zeolite composite layer (to absorb salt), a 7cm middle nutrient layer, and a 1cm top layer of rice husk charcoal (to inhibit salt uptake). The measured bulk density is 0.149 g / cm³, the porosity is 69%, and the air-water ratio is 0.35. This can reduce the EC value of saline-alkali soil from 8.0 dS / m³ to 3.5 dS / m³, significantly increasing the survival rate of tomatoes to over 50%.

[0027] Example 6 This embodiment integrates Internet of Things technology. The raw materials are coconut husk biogas residue and food waste fermentation (mixed in a ratio of 1:1.2 and fermented at 65°C for 6 days with intelligent temperature control). Biochar (5% dry weight) is added to enhance adsorption. The volume ratio is 18% coconut husk biogas residue, 58% peat, 20% vermiculite, and 24% perlite. Functional additives include potassium fulvate (1.5% dry weight), chitosan (0.2% dry weight), and pH-sensitive Bacillus subtilis (0.09% dry weight). The slow-release fertilizer uses temperature-sensitive microcapsules encapsulated in a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 16-10-14 (4% dry weight). A porous grid matrix block (porosity 65%, pressure 0.5MPa) is prepared by 3D printing, with a built-in humidity / EC sensor (LoRa wireless transmission). The water-retention layer consists of a 2cm high-absorbent resin layer at the bottom and a 1cm slow-release gel layer in the middle. The block has a bulk density of 0.143g / cm³, a porosity of 73%, and an air-water ratio of 0.45. Its application in facility cucumber cultivation can improve water and fertilizer efficiency by 45% and reduce labor management costs by 60%.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crop planting substrate for promoting root system development, characterized in that: The matrix includes the following components in volume ratios: Straw and biogas residue 10-20%; Peat 50-60%; Vermiculite 15-25%; Perlite 15-25%; Wherein, the matrix further comprises a functional additive, and the functional additive is selected from one or more of potassium fulvic acid, chitosan or plant growth promoting bacteria.

2. The crop planting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of potassium fulvic acid added in the functional additive is 0.5-2% of the dry weight of the substrate, the amount of chitosan added is 0.1-0.5% of the dry weight of the substrate, and the amount of plant growth promoting bacteria added is 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of the substrate.

3. The crop planting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The matrix has a bulk density of 0.14-0.15 g / cm³, a total porosity greater than 68%, and an air-water ratio of 0.35-0.

48.

4. The crop planting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The matrix has a layered structure, including a water-retaining layer and a nutrient layer, wherein the water-retaining layer contains a water-absorbing resin, and the nutrient layer contains a mixture of the straw biogas residue, peat, vermiculite, perlite and functional additives, and the straw biogas residue includes one or a mixture of several of sisal biogas residue, sugarcane bagasse or coconut chaff biogas residue.

5. A method for preparing the crop planting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Mix straw biogas residue and cow dung in a mass ratio of 1:1-2 and compost for 7-14 days, with the compost temperature controlled above 60°C; (2) Mix the fermented straw residue with peat, vermiculite, and perlite according to volume ratio, add functional additives, and stir evenly; (3) The mixture is formed into matrix blocks or filled into matrix boxes.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that Step (2) also includes adding water-absorbing resin and forming a water-retaining layer and a nutrient layer by layered filling, wherein the water-retaining layer is located at the bottom of the matrix box and the nutrient layer is located above the water-retaining layer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The matrix block in step (3) is formed using automated pressing equipment at a pressing pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa.

8. The crop planting matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The substrate further comprises a pH regulator, which is selected from one or more of lime, ferrous sulfate or humic acid, and is added in an amount of 0.2-1.5% of the dry weight of the substrate to adjust the pH of the substrate to 5.5-7.

5.

9. The crop planting matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Slow-release fertilizer particles are embedded in the nutrient layer of the matrix. The slow-release fertilizer particles contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements, and the addition amount is 1-5% of the dry weight of the matrix.

10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The mixing process in step (2) adopts wet stirring, the stirring time is 10-30 minutes, and the moisture content is controlled at 40-60% to ensure uniform distribution of the functional additives.

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