Method for evaluating safety of pentazole nonmetal salt

Abstract

The invention discloses a pentazole non-metal salt safety assessment method, and belongs to the technical field of pentazole non-metal salt safety assessment, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, drying a pentazole non-metal salt sample in a drying oven; s2, measuring a 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and decomposition temperature of the pentazole nonmetal salt, and respectively calculating corresponding coefficients alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4 and alpha 5; s3, sorting alpha1-alpha5 from large to small and recording the alpha1-alpha5 as a, b, c, d and e; s4, calculating a coefficient alpha T and an eccentric distance h according to a, b, c, d and e; and S5, calculating the comprehensive sensitivity alpha of the pentazole nonmetal salt. According to the safety assessment method for the pentazole nonmetal salt, the problem that existing assessment is one-sided is solved, comprehensive assessment of the safety of the pentazole nonmetal salt is achieved, and scientific reference is provided for storage and use of the pentazole nonmetal salt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of safety assessment of non-metallic pentaazole salts, in particular to a safety assessment method of non-metallic pentaazole salts. Background Art

[0002] Pentazole non-metallic salts are a new type of energetic material with application prospects. The feasibility of their large-scale preparation and storage fundamentally depends on their own safety. The safety of such materials is usually measured by comprehensive sensitivity. Therefore, the safety evaluation of pentazole non-metallic salts requires focusing on their comprehensive sensitivity.

[0003] However, the current research on the comprehensive sensitivity of this type of material has limitations. The existing technology only lists single safety parameters such as friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity separately, and does not correlate and integrate these parameters. It is impossible to fully reflect its overall safety characteristics, and it is difficult to carry out a scientific and effective comprehensive evaluation. It is very necessary to use multiple parameters to comprehensively evaluate the safety of pentazole non-metallic salts. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a safety assessment method suitable for pentazole non-metallic salts to fill the gap in existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safety assessment method for pentazole non-metallic salts, solve the problem of one-sided assessment in the existing ones, realize the comprehensive assessment of their safety, and provide a scientific reference for the storage and use of such salts.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for safety assessment of a non-metallic pentaazole salt, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the pentazole non-metallic salt sample in a vacuum oven with a vacuum degree of 9 to 12 kPa and dry it at 30 °C for 2 h; S2. The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the pentazole non-metallic salt were measured through experiments, and the thermal explosion hazard coefficient was calculated according to the corresponding formula. α 1. Vacuum decomposition hazard factor α 2. Impact risk factor α 3. Friction hazard coefficient α 4. Thermal decomposition hazard coefficient α 5; S3, calculate the step S2 α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. Sort them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, e; S4. Calculate the coefficients based on the sorted a, b, c, d, and e. α T and eccentricityh ; S5, according to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts α .

[0006] Preferably, in step S2, the thermal explosion hazard coefficient is obtained by calculating the 5s explosion point α 1. Specifically: The 5s burst point is between 100 and 210 °C, assuming α 1 is inversely proportional to the 5s burst point, then α 1 = 19.09 – 0.091T E ; Among them, T E This is the 5s burst point of the non-metallic pentazole salt measured in the experiment.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the vacuum decomposition risk coefficient is obtained by vacuum stability calculation. α 2. Specifically: The vacuum stability of a pentazole non-metallic salt sample is the ratio of the outgassing volume after 0.5 g of the sample is heated to 40 °C for 24 h to the outgassing volume of 0.5 g of the sample, which is between 0 and 2 mL / g. Assuming α 2 is proportional to the amount of deflation, then α 2 = 5S v ; Among them, S v The vacuum stability of the pentazole non-metallic salt sample was measured in the experiment.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the impact risk coefficient is obtained by calculating the impact sensitivity α 3. Specifically: Impact sensitivity S k Between 2 and 40 J, assuming α 3 is inversely proportional to the impact sensitivity, then α 3 = 10.52 – 0.263S k .

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the friction risk coefficient is obtained by friction sensitivity calculation α 4. Specifically: Friction sensitivity S f Between 0 ~ 100%, assuming α 4 is proportional to the friction sensitivity, then α 4 = 10S f .

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the thermal decomposition hazard coefficient is obtained by calculating the decomposition temperature α 5. Specifically: decomposition temperature Td Between 75.2 and 124.8 °C, assuming α 5 is inversely proportional to the decomposition temperature, then α 5 = 25.190 – 0.202 T d .

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the coefficient α T The calculation formula is: (1).

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the eccentricity h The calculation formula is: (2).

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the comprehensive sensitivity α The calculation formula is: (3).

[0014] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for evaluating the safety of pentazole non-metallic salts, which solves the problem that the prior art only lists single parameters such as friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts and performs one-sided evaluation, thereby realizing the evaluation of the safety of pentazole non-metallic salts. The evaluation results provide a reference basis for the storage and use of pentazole non-metallic salts. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation adopts multiple factors, and the evaluation values ​​are highly accurate and have strong practicality.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for safety assessment of a pentazole non-metallic salt comprises the following steps: S1. Place the pentazole non-metallic salt sample in a vacuum oven with a vacuum degree of 9 to 12 kPa and dry it at 30 °C for 2 h; S2. The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the pentazole non-metallic salt were measured through experiments, and the thermal explosion hazard coefficient was calculated according to the corresponding formula. α 1. Vacuum decomposition hazard factor α 2. Impact risk factor α 3. Friction hazard coefficient α 4. Thermal decomposition hazard coefficient α 5: α 1 = 19.09 – 0.091T E : 5s burst point T E It is a classic expression of thermal sensitivity. The 5s burst point of pentazole non-metallic salts is basically between (100 ~ 210) °C. The lower the 5s burst point of pentazole non-metallic salts, the more sensitive they are to thermal stimulation and the lower their safety. α 1 When the 5s burst point is less than or equal to 100 °C, it is taken as the upper limit and is set to 10; when the 5s burst point is greater than or equal to 210 °C, it is taken as the lower limit and is set to 0; when the 5s burst point is between (100–210) °C, it is assumed α 1 is inversely proportional to the 5s burst point, then α 1=19.09 – 0.091T E .

[0020] α 2 = 5S v : Vacuum stability S vAnother measure of the sensitivity of pentazole nonmetallic salts to heat is the vacuum stability of pentazole nonmetallic salts. The ratio of the amount of outgassing in 24 hours when a 0.5 g sample is heated to 40 °C to the amount of outgassing in 0.5 g sample is generally between (0 and 2) mL / g. The greater the outgassing of the pentazole nonmetallic salt, the more sensitive it is to heat and the greater the risk. α 2 is taken as the upper limit when the outgassing volume is greater than or equal to 2 mL / g and is set to 10; when the outgassing volume is close to 0 ml / g, it is taken as the lower limit and is set to 0; when the outgassing volume is between (0 ~ 2) mL / g, it is assumed α 2 is proportional to the amount of deflation, then α 2 = 5S v .

[0021] α 3 = 10.52 – 0.263S k : Impact sensitivity S k This describes the sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts to explosion or combustion under certain impact conditions. In this example, the BAM drop hammer impact sensitivity meter is used. The impact sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts ranges from (2 to 40) J. The smaller the impact sensitivity, the more sensitive it is to mechanical impact and the greater the danger. α 3 When the impact sensitivity is less than or equal to 2J, it is set as the upper limit to 10; when the impact sensitivity is greater than or equal to 40J, it is set as the lower limit to 0; when the impact sensitivity is between (2 ~ 40)J, it is assumed α 3 is inversely proportional to the impact sensitivity, then α 3 = 10.52 – 0.263S k .

[0022] α 4 = 10S f : Friction sensitivity S f This describes the sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts to explosion or combustion under certain friction. This example uses a WM-1 friction sensitivity meter with test conditions of 90 ± 1° swing angle, 3.92 ± 0.07 MPa gauge pressure, and 20 ± 1 mg dosage. The friction sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts ranges from (0 to 100)%. The higher the friction sensitivity, the more sensitive it is to friction and the greater the risk. α 4 When the friction sensitivity is equal to 100%, it is set as the upper limit to 10; when the friction sensitivity is close to 0%, it is set as the lower limit to 0; when the friction sensitivity is between (0 ~ 100)%, it is assumed that α 4 is proportional to the friction sensitivity, then α 4=10S f .

[0023] α 5 = 25.190 – 0.202 Td : Decomposition temperature T d It is an important parameter of pentazole non-metallic salts. The decomposition temperature of pentazole non-metallic salts is between (75.2 ~ 124.8) °C. The lower the decomposition temperature of pentazole non-metallic salts, the worse the safety. α 5 is used as the upper limit when the decomposition temperature is less than or equal to 75.2 °C and is set to 10; when the decomposition temperature is greater than or equal to 124.8 °C, it is used as the lower limit and is set to 0; when the decomposition temperature is between (75.2 ~ 124.8) °C, it is assumed that α 5 is inversely proportional to the decomposition temperature, then α 5=25.190 – 0.202 T d .

[0024] S3, calculate the step S2 α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Sort them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e.

[0025] S4. Calculate the coefficients based on the sorted a, b, c, d, and e. α T and eccentricity h ,coefficient α T The calculation formula is: (1); Eccentricity h The calculation formula is: (2); S5, according to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts α : (3); Among them, the comprehensive sensitivity α The value range is 0 ~ 10, α The larger the value is, the worse the safety of the pentazole non-metallic salt is.

[0026] Example 1 Using pentazolhydrazine as the sample, the 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pentazolhydrazine were measured to be 162 °C, 1.3 mL / g, 7.4 J, 56%, and 99.6 °C, respectively. α1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5, respectively: α 1 = 4.35, α 2 = 6.50, α 3 = 8.57, α 4 = 5.60, α 5= 5.07.

[0027] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 8.57, b = 6.50, c = 5.60, d = 5.07, and e = 4.35.

[0028] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 3.60, h = 1.26.

[0029] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity of hydrazine pentazolyl α = 4.05.

[0030] Example 2 The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pentazolylamine were measured to be 158 °C, 0.87 mL / g, 5.5 J, 72%, and 105.5 °C, respectively. α 1=4.71, α 2=4.35, α 3=9.07, α 4=7.20, α 5=3.88.

[0031] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 9.07, b = 7.20, c = 4.71, d = 4.35, and e = 3.88.

[0032] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 3.44, h = 1.97.

[0033] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity of hydroxylamine α = 4.12.

[0034] Example 3 The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of biguanide pentazole salt were measured to be 168 °C, 0.77 mL / g, 35 J, 16%, and 124.8 °C, respectively. α 1 = 3.80, α 2 = 3.85, α 3 = 1.32, α 4 = 1.60, α 5= 0.

[0035] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e respectively, then a = 3.85, b = 3.80, c = 1.60, d = 1.32, and e = 0.

[0036] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.46, h = 1.54.

[0037] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity of biguanide pentazolyl salt α = 0.53.

[0038] Example 4 The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of formamidine pentazolate were measured to be 152.8 °C, 0.352 mL / g, 35 J, 16%, and 99.8 °C, respectively. α 1 = 5.19, α 2 = 1.76, α 3 = 1.32, α 4 = 1.60, α 5= 5.03.

[0039] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 5.19, b = 5.03, c = 1.76, d = 1.60, and e = 1.32.

[0040] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.93, h = 1.88.

[0041] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity of formamidine pentazolyl salt α = 1.10.

[0042] Example 5 The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine pentazolium salt were measured and found to be 202.9 °C, 0.189 mL / g, greater than 40 J, 8%, and 121.4 °C, respectively. α 1 = 0.63, α 2 = 0.95, α 3=0, α 4 = 0.8, α 5= 0.67.

[0043] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e respectively, then a = 0.95, b = 0.80, c = 0.67, d = 0.63, and e = 0.

[0044] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.034, h = 0.24.

[0045] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The comprehensive sensitivity of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine pentazolyl salt was calculated α = 0.035.

[0046] Example 6 With amino (1 H -pyrazol-1-yl) azomethine pentazolium salt was used as the sample, and the amino group (1 H The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the 1-pyrazol-1-yl) azomethine pentazolium salt are 169.5 °C, 0.105 mL / g, greater than 40 J, 4%, and 117.7 °C, respectively, which are calculated according to the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 3.67, α 2 = 0.52, α 3= 0, α 4=0.4, α 5= 1.41.

[0047] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e respectively, then a = 3.67, b = 1.41, c = 0.52, d = 0.4, and e = 0.

[0048] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.122, h = 1.23.

[0049] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The amino group (1H -pyrazol-1-yl) azomethine pentazolyl salt comprehensive sensitivity α =0.137.

[0050] Example 7 The 5-amino-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole pentazolium salt was used as the sample. The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the 5-amino-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole pentazolium salt were measured to be 157.7 °C, 0.079 mL / g, greater than 40 J, 4%, and 109.4 °C, respectively. The corresponding formulas were used to calculate the decomposition temperature. α 1 = 4.74, α 2 = 0.39, α 3= 0, α 4=0.40, α 5= 3.09.

[0051] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 4.74, b = 3.09, c = 0.40, d = 0.39, and e = 0.

[0052] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.32, h = 2.00.

[0053] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The comprehensive sensitivity of 5-amino-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole pentazolium salt was calculated α =0.384.

[0054] Example 8 The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of 2-hydrazino-4,5-dihydro-imidazolium pentazolium salt were measured to be 145.1 °C, 0.077 mL / g, 34 J, 12%, and 94.0 °C, respectively, which were calculated according to the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 5.89, α 2 = 0.38, α 3 = 1.58, α 4 = 1.20,α 5=6.20.

[0055] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5 Arrange them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 6.20, b = 5.89, c = 1.58, d = 1.20, and e = 0.38.

[0056] Calculation coefficient α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 1.01, h = 2.68.

[0057] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The comprehensive sensitivity of 2-hydrazino-4,5-dihydro-imidazolium pentazolium salt was calculated. α =1.28.

[0058] The above eight embodiments are preferred implementation methods of the present invention for the safety assessment method of pentazole non-metallic salts. Through the evaluation and verification of typical pentazole non-metallic salts such as pentazole hydrazine, pentazole hydroxylamine, and biguanide pentazole salts, it has been fully demonstrated that this method is capable of performing safety assessment on pentazole non-metallic salts, and the process is standardized and the results are reproducible.

[0059] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for safety assessment of pentazole non-metallic salts, which solves the problem that the existing technology only lists single parameters such as friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of pentazole non-metallic salts and makes one-sided assessments, and realizes an accurate comprehensive assessment of the multi-dimensional safety of such salts, providing a scientific reference for their storage and use, and the process is standardized and the operation can be implemented.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for safety assessment of a non-metallic pentaazole salt, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Place the pentazole non-metallic salt sample in a vacuum oven with a vacuum degree of 9 to 12 kPa and dry it at 30 °C for 2 h; S2. The 5s explosion point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the pentazole non-metallic salt sample were measured through experiments, and the thermal explosion hazard coefficient was calculated according to the corresponding formula. α 1. Vacuum decomposition hazard factor α 2. Impact risk factor α 3. Friction hazard coefficient α 4. Thermal decomposition hazard coefficient α 5; S3, calculate the step S2 α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. Sort them in descending order and record them as a, b, c, d, e; S4. Calculate the coefficients based on the sorted a, b, c, d, and e. α T and eccentricity h ; S5, according to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h Calculate the comprehensive sensitivity for evaluating the safety of non-metallic pentazole salts α .

2. The method for safety assessment of a pentazole non-metallic salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the thermal explosion hazard coefficient is obtained by calculating the 5s explosion point α 1. Specifically: The 5s burst point is between 100 and 210 °C, assuming α 1 is inversely proportional to the 5s burst point, then α 1 = 19.09–0.091T E ; Among them, T E It is the 5s explosion point of the pentazole non-metallic salt sample measured in the experiment.

3. The method for safety assessment of a pentazole non-metallic salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the vacuum decomposition risk coefficient is obtained by vacuum stability calculation. α 2. Specifically: The vacuum stability of the pentazole non-metallic salt sample is the ratio of the outgassing volume of 0.5 g sample heated to 40 °C for 24 h to the outgassing volume of 0.5 g sample, which is between 0 and 2 mL / g. Assuming α 2 is proportional to the amount of deflation, then α 2 = 5S v ; Among them, S v The vacuum stability of the pentazole non-metallic salt sample was measured in the experiment.

4. The method for safety assessment of a pentazole non-metallic salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the impact risk coefficient is obtained by calculating the impact sensitivity α 3. Specifically: Impact sensitivity S k Between 2 and 40 J, assuming α 3 is inversely proportional to the impact sensitivity, then α 3 = 10.52–0.263S k .

5. The method for safety assessment of a pentazole non-metallic salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the friction risk coefficient is obtained by calculating the friction sensitivity α 4. Specifically: Friction sensitivity S f Between 0 ~ 100%, assuming α 4 is proportional to the friction sensitivity, then α 4 = 10S f .

6. The method for safety assessment of a non-metallic pentaazole salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the thermal decomposition hazard coefficient is obtained by calculating the decomposition temperature α 5. Specifically: decomposition temperature T d Between 75.2 and 124.8 °C, assuming α 5 is inversely proportional to the decomposition temperature, then α 5 = 25.190–0.202 T d .

7. The method for safety assessment of a non-metallic pentaazole salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the coefficient α T The calculation formula is: （1）。 8. The method for safety assessment of a non-metallic pentaazole salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the eccentricity h The calculation formula is: （2）。 9. The method for safety assessment of a non-metallic pentaazole salt according to claim 1, wherein: In step S5, the comprehensive sensitivity α The calculation formula is: （3）。

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