Optical cable online monitoring method and device

Abstract

The application discloses an optical cable online monitoring method and device, and belongs to the technical field of optical cable monitoring, which specifically comprises the following steps: initializing configuration of a monitoring host, determining a backup cable core list based on a network topology of an optical cable to be monitored; performing initial testing on the backup cable core to obtain a historical baseline, presetting an optical time domain reflection reference threshold value and an optical power setting threshold value; switching to different backup cable cores according to a round patrol cycle, obtaining real-time optical domain reflection data and optical power data, and comparing the data with the historical baseline, the preset optical time domain reflection reference threshold value and the optical power setting threshold value to judge abnormal conditions; retesting abnormal cable cores, positioning faults in combination with a geographic information system, and outputting alarms; and the optical performance monitoring module group cooperates with round patrol monitoring, real-time discovery and accurate positioning of optical cable faults are realized, and the operation and maintenance efficiency and reliability of the optical cable network are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of optical cable monitoring, and particularly relates to an optical cable online monitoring method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of communication technology, the safety and stability of optical cable as a key carrier for information transmission are crucial. In practical applications, optical cable may be affected by natural environment, human factors and its own aging, etc., leading to performance degradation of optical cable and even interruption of communication. Therefore, real-time and accurate online monitoring of optical cable, timely discovery and positioning of faults are of great significance for ensuring the normal operation of communication network. At present, the traditional optical cable monitoring method has many limitations, for example, some methods rely on manual regular inspection, which is low in efficiency and cannot timely discover sudden faults; some monitoring methods based on a single technology, such as only using optical time domain reflectometer for monitoring, cannot comprehensively obtain the running state information of optical cable, and are prone to missed detection and false detection; in addition, the existing monitoring system is weak in data processing and analysis, and is difficult to cope with complex and changeable optical cable running environment, and cannot provide accurate data support for fault diagnosis and positioning. In summary, the existing optical cable monitoring method cannot meet the growing communication demand, and it is urgent to propose a more efficient, comprehensive and intelligent optical cable online monitoring method to improve the accuracy and reliability of optical cable monitoring and ensure the stable operation of communication network. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the application provides an optical cable online monitoring method and device. A monitoring host is initialized and configured, and a standby cable core list is determined based on the network topology of the optical cable to be monitored. The standby cable core is initially tested to obtain a historical baseline, and an optical time domain reflection reference threshold and an optical power setting threshold are preset. The different standby cable cores are switched according to a round patrol cycle, real-time optical domain reflection data and optical power data are obtained, and the abnormal conditions are judged by comparison with the historical baseline, the preset optical time domain reflection reference threshold and the optical power setting threshold. The abnormal cable core is retested, the fault is positioned by combining a geographic information system, and an alarm is output. The application realizes real-time discovery and accurate positioning of optical cable faults by cooperative work of the optical performance monitoring module group and round patrol monitoring, and improves the operation efficiency and reliability of the optical cable network.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme:

[0005] An optical cable online monitoring method comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: The monitoring host initializes the configuration, including integrating the optical performance monitoring module group, associating the geographic information system, and completing the matching with the remote light source equipment, at the same time, determining the backup cable core list based on the optical cable network topology to be monitored; the optical performance monitoring module group includes an optical time domain reflectometer, an optical switch, an optical power meter, and a wavelength division multiplexer;

[0007] S2: The optical time domain reflectometer is used to perform initial testing on the backup cable cores in the backup cable core list, and the initial optical time domain reflection data of each backup cable core is obtained as a historical baseline, while the optical time domain reflection reference threshold and the optical power setting threshold are preset; the initial optical time domain reflection data includes loss, length, and breakpoint characteristics;

[0008] S3: The monitoring host switches to different backup cable cores by the optical switch according to the preset round-patrol period, and obtains real-time optical time domain reflection data after round-patrol testing of the current backup cable core by the optical time domain reflectometer, at the same time, the test light of the optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of the remote light source equipment are multiplexed to the same backup cable core by the wavelength division multiplexer, and the real-time optical power data of the backup cable core is synchronously obtained by the optical power meter;

[0009] S4: The real-time optical time domain reflection data is compared with the optical time domain reflection reference threshold and the historical baseline of the corresponding backup cable core respectively, and the real-time optical power data is compared with the optical power setting threshold, to determine whether there is an abnormal result;

[0010] S5: According to the abnormal result, the corresponding abnormal backup cable core is switched to by the optical switch and retested by the optical time domain reflectometer, to obtain retest optical time domain reflection data, and the geographic information system is combined for fault location and output of alarm information.

[0011] Specifically, the specific steps of S1 include:

[0012] S1.1: Collect the optical cable network topology data of the area to be monitored through the interface optical cable network operation and maintenance management system;

[0013] S1.2: According to the optical cable network topology data, extract the total fiber core number and service bearing record of each optical cable section, screen the idle cable cores in the optical cable that do not bear services, and divide the cable core groups according to the optical cable sections in the optical cable network topology; each cable core group corresponds to an optical cable section and contains 1-3 backup cable cores;

[0014] S1.3: Based on the divided cable core groups, a unique cable core identifier is assigned to each backup cable core, and the start and end points, the belonging optical cable section, and the fiber core number of each cable core are recorded, and a backup cable core list is formed by summarizing;

[0015] S1.4: Integrate the optical time domain reflectometer, optical switch, optical power meter and wavelength division multiplexer through a hardware interface into an internal bus of the monitoring host and complete physical connection through an optical fiber, and write a cooperative control logic through a control system of the monitoring host to form an optical power meter detection link;

[0016] The physical connection is achieved by connecting the output port of the optical switch with the terminal interface of the spare cable core, connecting the common port of the optical switch with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer, connecting the first signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer with the test port of the optical time domain reflectometer, and connecting the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer with the detection port of the optical power meter.

[0017] S1.5: Bind each spare cable core identification in the spare cable core list with optical cable routing data in a geographic information system, including:

[0018] Match the spare cable core with a corresponding optical cable path in the geographic information system, associate optical cable routing data of the optical cable path, and generate a cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table; the optical cable routing data includes a laying path coordinate sequence, a burial depth, a joint position, and a pole road number; the cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table is associated with the cable core identification field in the spare cable core list.

[0019] S1.6: The monitoring host connects the optical power meter detection link with a remote light source device corresponding to each spare cable core in the spare cable core list through an external optical fiber; each spare cable core corresponds to one remote light source device, and the remote light source device is deployed at the terminal node of the spare cable core; the connection process includes:

[0020] The monitoring host controls the remote light source device to send a start instruction and controls the output of stable monitoring light; the optical power meter is used to collect the optical power value in the optical power meter detection link, and the connectivity of the optical power meter detection link is determined to be normal or not according to the optical power value, and a remote light source matching result is generated; the remote light source matching result is associated with the connection relationship of the corresponding spare cable core in the spare cable core list and is stored in a configuration file of the monitoring host.

[0021] S1.7: The monitoring host summarizes hardware integration parameters, a spare cable core list, a cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table and a remote light source matching result, generates an initialization configuration file and writes it into a system database of the monitoring host to complete the initialization configuration; the hardware integration parameters include interface configuration of the optical performance monitoring module group and cooperative control logic.

[0022] Specifically, the specific steps of S3 include:

[0023] S3.1: reading an initialization configuration file from a system database of the monitoring host, extracting a backup cable core list and a preset round-trip cycle, and obtaining a correspondence between the optical switch and the backup cable core, i.e., a connection mapping between an output port of the optical switch and a terminal interface of the backup cable core;

[0024] S3.2: starting a timer according to the preset round-trip cycle, triggering the optical switch to switch to a different backup cable core when the round-trip cycle threshold is reached, and sequentially connecting the test signal to different backup cable cores according to the cable core identifier in the backup cable core list during the switching process;

[0025] S3.3: performing round-trip testing on the switched backup cable core using an optical time domain reflectometer to obtain real-time optical time domain reflectometer data; the real-time optical time domain reflectometer data includes real-time loss value, real-time length, and real-time event point list; the real-time event point list is obtained by analyzing the real-time optical time domain reflectometer test data and contains the reflection event point position and reflection peak power information detected in the current test period;

[0026] S3.4: inputting the test light of the optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of the remote light source device into the first signal end and the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer, respectively, combining the two different wavelength optical signals into a composite optical signal through the filtering and combining technology of the wavelength division multiplexer, transmitting the composite optical signal to the common port of the optical switch through the common end, and then transmitting the composite optical signal through the current connected backup cable core, i.e., the same backup cable core simultaneously carrying the test light and the monitoring light;

[0027] S3.5: when the composite optical signal is transmitted in the current backup cable core, part of the monitoring light is reversely coupled to the detection port of the optical power meter through the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer to obtain coupled light;

[0028] S3.6: the optical power meter monitors the power value of the coupled light in real time, converts it into real-time optical power data, and stores the real-time optical power data in association with the identifier of the current backup cable core;

[0029] S3.7: after the real-time optical time domain reflectometer data and the real-time optical power data of the current backup cable core are collected, the monitoring host determines whether all the backup cable cores have been round-tripped;

[0030] If the round-tripping of all the cable cores is not completed, return to S3.2 to switch to the next backup cable core in the round-trip order;

[0031] If the round-tripping of all the backup cable cores is completed, wait for the next round-trip cycle, and start round-tripping from the first cable core in the list again when the round-trip cycle is reached.

[0032] Specifically, the logic of comparing the real-time optical time domain reflectometer data with the optical time domain reflectometer reference threshold and the historical baseline of the corresponding backup cable core in S4 includes:

[0033] The monitoring host calls real-time optical time domain reflection data of the current standby cable core from the system database, and extracts historical baseline and preset optical time domain reflection reference threshold corresponding to the current standby cable core; the historical baseline includes initial loss value, initial length, and initial event point list; the reference threshold includes loss change threshold, length deviation threshold, and new breakpoint judgment threshold;

[0034] Based on the real-time loss value in the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the initial loss value in the historical baseline, the loss difference between the two is calculated, and if the loss difference exceeds the loss change threshold in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold, it is determined as loss abnormality;

[0035] According to the real-time length in the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the initial length in the historical baseline, the length deviation between the two is calculated, and if the absolute value of the length deviation exceeds the length deviation threshold in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold, it is determined as length abnormality;

[0036] The real-time event point list in the real-time optical time domain reflection data is scanned, and the reflection event point position and reflection peak power information in the list are compared with the initial event point list in the historical baseline, and if there is a point position not included in the initial event point list and the reflection peak power meets the new breakpoint judgment threshold in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold, it is determined as new breakpoint abnormality;

[0037] The monitoring host summarizes the loss abnormality, length abnormality and new breakpoint abnormality determination results, and if any abnormality occurs, it is marked as reflection feature abnormality, and the reflection feature abnormality is associated with the cable core identifier of the current cable core.

[0038] Specifically, the logic of comparing the real-time optical power data with the optical power setting threshold in S4 to determine whether there is an abnormal result includes:

[0039] The monitoring host calls real-time optical power data of the current standby cable core from the system database, and extracts the optical power setting threshold corresponding to the standby cable core;

[0040] The real-time optical power data is compared with the optical power setting threshold, and if the real-time optical power data is higher than the upper limit of the optical power setting threshold or lower than the lower limit of the optical power setting threshold, it is marked as power abnormality, and the cable core identifier and real-time optical power data corresponding to the abnormality are recorded;

[0041] When either of the reflection feature abnormality and the power abnormality is marked, it is comprehensively determined that there is an abnormal result, and stored in the abnormal result summary file of the monitoring host; the abnormal result includes abnormal cable core identifier, abnormal type and corresponding real-time optical time domain reflection data or real-time optical power data;

[0042] The monitoring host traverses the abnormal result summary file according to the cable core identifier, checks the continuity of the abnormal records of the same backup cable core, and if the same abnormal type of the same backup cable core is detected in three consecutive round tour cycles, the abnormal result is marked as a persistent abnormality, and a persistent abnormality priority level is assigned; the persistent abnormality is a first priority level, and the non-persistent abnormality is a second priority level.

[0043] Specifically, the specific steps of S5 include:

[0044] S5.1: The monitoring host receives the abnormal result output by S4, extracts the abnormal cable core identifier, the abnormal type, and the corresponding real-time optical time domain reflection data or real-time optical power data;

[0045] S5.2: According to the abnormal priority, a first priority abnormality processing is performed, including:

[0046] Based on the optical switch-cable core interface mapping relationship, the optical switch is switched to the backup cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier; the optical switch-cable core interface mapping relationship refers to the corresponding connection between the output port of the optical switch and the terminal interface of the backup cable core;

[0047] According to the cooperative control logic in S1.4, the optical time domain reflectometer is called to repeatedly test the backup cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier according to the preset test parameters, and the average value of the repeated test data is taken as the retest optical time domain reflection data; the retest optical time domain reflection data includes a retest loss value, a retest length, and a retest event point list;

[0048] S5.3: The retest optical time domain reflection data is compared with the historical baseline;

[0049] If the difference between the retest loss value and the initial loss value still exceeds the loss change threshold value, or the absolute value of the retest length deviation still exceeds the length deviation threshold value, or the retest event point list still has a point position meeting the new breakpoint judgment threshold value, it is confirmed that the corresponding abnormality is a real abnormality;

[0050] If the retest result is inconsistent with the abnormal result of S4, it is marked as an occasional abnormality, and the backup cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier is included in the next round of tour cycle monitoring.

[0051] Specifically, the specific steps of S5 further include:

[0052] S5.4: For the abnormal cable core confirmed in S5.3, the generated cable core identifier-geographic coordinate mapping table is called to obtain the optical cable routing data of the optical cable section to which the cable core belongs through matching of the abnormal cable core identifier;

[0053] S5.5: Based on the abnormal point distance and the signal waveform feature in the retest optical time domain reflection data, a fault point is matched in the laying path coordinate sequence of the optical cable routing data, including:

[0054] From the starting node coordinates corresponding to the test end, the abnormal point distance is converted into the corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates along the laying path coordinate sequence in the cable routing data according to the actual distance;

[0055] If the abnormal point is a joint reflection, that is, the waveform feature is a sharp reflection peak, it is matched to the nearest joint position coordinate;

[0056] If it is a uniform loss anomaly, that is, the waveform is linearly attenuated, it is positioned to the middle coordinate of the corresponding distance section;

[0057] The signal waveform feature refers to the reflection peak intensity;

[0058] S5.6: Integrate the abnormal type, fault point geographical coordinates, and abnormal cable core identifier, and generate a fault positioning report using a fault cause analysis algorithm;

[0059] S5.7: Based on the fault positioning report, output an alarm content; the alarm content is divided into a first-level alarm and a second-level alarm; the first-level alarm corresponds to a first priority abnormality, is directly pushed to an operation and maintenance terminal in real time through a communication interface of a monitoring host, and simultaneously triggers an audible and light alarm; the second-level alarm corresponds to a second priority abnormality, is pushed after being verified by re-measurement in the next round of patrol period.

[0060] Specifically, an optical cable online monitoring method further comprises:

[0061] After the fault handling is completed, the monitoring host receives a repair completion instruction, controls the optical switch to switch to the corresponding cable core, and performs a verification test according to the initial test parameters of S2 to obtain verification data;

[0062] The verification data is compared with the historical baseline, if the deviation is within the reference threshold range, it is determined that the fault has been repaired, the alarm handling state is updated to be solved, otherwise a secondary alarm is triggered to prompt reprocessing.

[0063] An optical cable online monitoring device comprises a host control module, an association matching module, a monitoring and collection module, and an abnormality analysis module;

[0064] The host control module is used for performing initialization configuration, process scheduling, and instruction distribution;

[0065] The association matching module is used for associating the optical cable physical path with geographical coordinates, and connecting, communicating, and verifying the link connectivity with a remote light source device;

[0066] The monitoring and collection module is used for completing data collection of the standby cable core according to the round patrol period;

[0067] The abnormality analysis module is used for comparing the real-time data with the historical baseline data, judging whether there is an abnormality, simultaneously, retesting and verifying the abnormal cable core, locating the fault and outputting an alarm.

[0068] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0069] 1. The present application proposes an optical cable online monitoring device, and optimization and improvement are made on the architecture, operation steps and process, the system has the advantages of simple process, low investment and operation cost, and low production cost.

[0070] 2. The present application proposes an optical cable online monitoring method, the method realizes the automatic online monitoring of the optical cable spare cable core by integrating the optical time domain reflectometer, optical switch and other modules and associating the geographic information system, the combination of round-patrol testing and real-time data acquisition can timely capture the abnormality such as loss change, length deviation and breakpoint of the optical cable, and through the double comparison with the historical baseline and the preset threshold, the accuracy of the abnormality judgment is improved, and false negatives and false positives are effectively avoided.

[0071] 3. The present application proposes an optical cable online monitoring method, the wavelength division multiplexing technology is used to realize the same-cable transmission of the test light and the monitoring light, the optical cable resource utilization rate is improved, after the abnormality occurs, the retesting verification and the geographic information system positioning are used to quickly lock the fault point and output the alarm, the fault troubleshooting time is shortened, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and a reliable guarantee is provided for the stable operation of the optical cable network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the optical cable online monitoring method of the present application;

[0073] Figure 2 It is a principle flow chart of the optical cable online monitoring method of the present application;

[0074] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the optical cable online monitoring device of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] Embodiment 1

[0076] Please refer to Figures 1-2 The present application provides an embodiment: an optical cable online monitoring method, wherein the optical cable is composed of a plurality of optical fibers combined in a specific way, so that the monitoring of the cable core can reflect the physical condition of the optical cable, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1: The monitoring host initializes the configuration, including integrating the optical performance monitoring module group, associating the geographic information system, and matching with the remote light source device, while determining the backup cable core list based on the topology of the optical cable network to be monitored; the optical performance monitoring module group includes an optical time domain reflectometer, an optical switch, an optical power meter, and a wavelength division multiplexer;

[0078] It should be understood that the traditional topology map relies on manual updates and often lags behind the actual changes in the network, such as cable relocation and new node access, which can lead to errors in backup cable core selection. The present application directly synchronizes data from the operation and maintenance system to ensure that the topology information is consistent with the current network status. For example, when a 1.2 km pipeline optical cable is added in any area due to road construction, the new optical cable segment information entered by the operation and maintenance system will be synchronized in real time to the monitoring host, avoiding missing the new optical cable.

[0079] S2: The optical time domain reflectometer is used to perform initial testing on the backup cable cores in the backup cable core list, and the initial optical time domain reflection data of each backup cable core is obtained as the historical baseline, while the optical time domain reflection reference threshold and the optical power setting threshold are preset; the initial optical time domain reflection data includes loss, length, and breakpoint characteristics;

[0080] Further, the specific steps of S2 include:

[0081] (1) The monitoring host calls the generated initialization configuration file to obtain the backup cable core list and the connection relationship between the optical switch and the backup cable core;

[0082] (2) The optical switch is controlled to switch to each cable core in the backup cable core list in turn, triggering the optical time domain reflectometer to perform testing on the current cable core according to the preset testing parameters such as wavelength, pulse width, and testing range, and collecting the initial loss value, initial length, and initial event point list; the initial event point list includes the location of breakpoints and joints and the reflection power;

[0083] (3) All the collected data are associated with the cable core identifier, and the historical baseline is formed by summarizing and stored in the system database; the historical baseline serves as the reference data for comparison in S4.

[0084] S3: The monitoring host switches to different backup cable cores through the optical switch according to the preset round-trip cycle, and obtains real-time optical time domain reflection data by using the optical time domain reflectometer to perform round-trip testing on the current backup cable core, while multiplexing the test light of the optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of the remote light source device to the same backup cable core through the wavelength division multiplexer, and synchronously obtaining the real-time optical power data of the backup cable core through the optical power meter;

[0085] Further, the optical switch switching logic is: based on the cable core identification sequence of the spare cable core list, the common port is sequentially connected with each output port, the test time of each cable core is 5-10 seconds, and the optical time domain reflectometer and the optical power meter complete data acquisition before switching to the next cable core.

[0086] Further, the multiplexing logic of the wavelength division multiplexer includes: the wavelength division multiplexer uses the coarse wavelength division multiplexing technology to multiplex the test light of the optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of the remote light source device to the same spare cable core, and realizes single-fiber bidirectional transmission.

[0087] Further, the storage mode of real-time test data and real-time optical power data includes: the monitoring host creates an independent data buffer area for each spare cable core, stores real-time test data and real-time optical power data according to time stamp, and after completing one round of patrol cycle, maps the buffer area data, cable core identification and geographical coordinate, and writes into the system database after compression as the data source of S4 comparison and S5 retest.

[0088] S4: comparing the real-time optical time domain reflection data with the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value and the historical baseline of the corresponding spare cable core respectively, and comparing the real-time optical power data with the optical power set threshold value, to judge whether there is an abnormal result;

[0089] S5: according to the abnormal result, switching to the corresponding abnormal spare cable core by optical switch and retesting by optical time domain reflectometer to obtain retest optical time domain reflection data, combining with geographic information system to locate the fault and output alarm information.

[0090] In summary, the main logic of an optical cable online monitoring method includes: completing the initialization work of the monitoring system, including the configuration of the monitoring host, module integration, system association and device matching, which enables the monitoring system to have the ability of performance monitoring, data acquisition, geographical location positioning and optical signal processing of optical cable, laying a foundation for subsequent monitoring operation; based on the initialized system, the initial test is carried out on the spare cable core, the historical baseline is obtained and the threshold value is preset, which is set based on the normal operation state and experience data of the optical cable, and is used for subsequent judgment of whether the optical cable appears abnormal; the spare cable core is tested according to the preset period, and the real-time test data and real-time optical power data are obtained, realizing real-time monitoring of the state of the optical cable, which can monitor the transmission performance and optical power change of the optical cable in real time; comparing the real-time data with the preset reference standard and the historical baseline to judge whether there is an abnormal situation, which is the key judgment link in the monitoring process, if the real-time test data exceeds the reference threshold value, abnormally increases relative to the historical baseline, or the real-time optical power data is lower than the optical power set threshold value, it is judged that there is an abnormal result; for the abnormal situation, retest and fault location are carried out, and alarm information is output, completing the closed loop of the whole monitoring process.

[0091] It is also emphasized that the method does not rely on preset fault templates or manual inspection records, but through dynamic comparison of optical time domain reflection data and optical power data, autonomous monitoring is realized in the absence of prior fault characteristics, and is especially suitable for optical cable networks with complex terrain, harsh environment or frequent human interference, wherein the harsh environment is, for example, mountainous areas, cross-river optical cables, and the frequent human interference is, for example, urban construction areas.

[0092] An optical cable online monitoring method further comprises:

[0093] When the fault handling is completed, the monitoring host receives a repair completion instruction, controls the optical switch to switch to the corresponding cable core, performs a verification test according to the initial test parameters of S2, and obtains verification data;

[0094] The verification data is compared with historical baseline data. If the deviation is within the reference threshold range, it is determined that the fault has been repaired, and the alarm handling state is updated to solved. Otherwise, a secondary alarm is triggered to prompt reprocessing.

[0095] The specific steps of S1 include:

[0096] S1.1: Collecting optical cable network topology data of the monitored area through the interface optical cable network operation and management system;

[0097] The optical cable network topology data includes basic information of the optical cable section, topology node information and node direction, wherein the basic information of the optical cable section includes the optical cable model, the total number of fiber cores and the laying method, the topology node is a physical connection point on the optical cable path, including the starting room, the intermediate junction box, the fiber distribution box and the terminal room; the node direction is recorded as "starting node-primary junction box node-secondary fiber distribution box node-…-terminal node" according to the transmission direction of the optical cable, each node is associated with a corresponding optical cable section, i.e. the optical cable section between adjacent two nodes, forming a complete optical cable path link.

[0098] S1.2: According to the optical cable network topology data, the total number of fiber cores and the service bearing record of each optical cable section are extracted, the idle cable cores in the optical cable which do not bear services are screened, and the cable core groups are divided according to the optical cable sections in the optical cable network topology; each cable core group corresponds to an optical cable section and contains 1-3 spare cable cores;

[0099] Further, the process of dividing the cable core group according to the optical cable section in the optical cable network topology includes:

[0100] (1) Structured analysis is performed on the obtained optical cable network topology data to define the optical cable section, wherein each optical cable section refers to the continuous optical cable part between two adjacent physical nodes in the topology, such as rooms, junction boxes and fiber distribution boxes, has a unique optical cable section identifier, and is physically connected to non-its own optical cable section through nodes;

[0101] (2) For each identified cable segment, extract the fiber resource details of the segment from the topology data, including the total number of fibers, service carrying records, and the need for core-by-core checking status, distinguishing between in-use cable cores and idle cable cores;

[0102] (3) According to the importance of the optical cable segment, determine the number of each group of spare cable cores, wherein different optical cable segments require different numbers of spare cable cores due to the importance of the carried services, and the number of spare cable cores needs to be dynamically adjusted in combination with its role in the network;

[0103] (4) Select the qualified spare cable cores from the idle cable cores of the optical cable segment to form a cable core group, wherein the selection logic includes:

[0104] Prioritize cable cores with dispersed physical locations: The idle cable cores within the same optical cable segment may be distributed in different loose tubes, and during selection, it is necessary to ensure that the cable cores in the group come from different loose tubes to avoid the failure of the entire group of spare cable cores due to damage to a single loose tube;

[0105] Exclude physically defective cable cores: Refer to the optical cable factory test records or historical operation and maintenance data to exclude idle cable cores with abnormal records to ensure that the spare cable cores are in good condition;

[0106] Form a cable core group according to the number requirement: For example, GL-001 requires 3, and 9, 10, and 11 cores are selected from 9-24 core idle cable cores.

[0107] (5) Assign a unique identifier to the cable core group and associate it with the information of the optical cable segment to complete the group division;

[0108] (6) After the division is completed, check all cable core groups to exclude incorrect groups.

[0109] S1.3: Based on the divided cable core group, assign a unique cable core identifier to each spare cable core, and record the start and end points, the optical cable segment to which each cable core belongs, and the fiber core number, and compile a spare cable core list;

[0110] It should be noted that the spare cable core list generated in this step is not a simple list, but a core data carrier with full-link traceability. The cable core identifier uses the format of optical cable segment number-loose tube number-fiber core number, which associates with the optical cable segment in the topology and clearly indicates the physical location. At the same time, the list records the physical ports of the cable core start and end points, combined with geographic information, directly maps the fault to the specific hardware port, shortening the troubleshooting time. Moreover, when the optical cable network is adjusted, the list will be automatically refreshed through the operation and maintenance system, for example, when the optical cable segment is expanded due to business expansion, 2 spare cable cores are converted to in-use, the system will immediately supplement 2 from the remaining cable cores in the same group and update the list, avoiding the monitoring blind spot caused by human forgetfulness.

[0111] S1.4: Integrate the optical time domain reflectometer, optical switch, optical power meter, and wavelength division multiplexer through a hardware interface into the internal bus of the monitoring host and complete physical connection through an optical fiber. At the same time, a cooperative control logic is written through the control system of the monitoring host to form an optical power meter detection link;

[0112] The physical connection is as follows: the output port of the optical switch is connected to the terminal interface of the spare cable core in correspondence, the common port of the optical switch is connected to the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the first signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the test port of the optical time domain reflectometer, and the second signal end is connected to the detection port of the optical power meter.

[0113] S1.5: Bind each spare cable core identification in the spare cable core list to the optical cable routing data in the geographic information system, including:

[0114] By matching the corresponding optical cable path in the geographic information system through the optical cable segment to which the spare cable core belongs, the optical cable routing data of the optical cable path is associated to generate a cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table. The optical cable routing data includes a laying path coordinate sequence, a burial depth, a joint position, and a pole line number. The cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table is associated with the cable core identification field in the spare cable core list.

[0115] It should be understood that the present application binds the cable core identification to the geographic information, breaks through the limitation of the traditional fault distance without position, directly converts the distance in the optical time domain reflection data into latitude and longitude by matching the laying path coordinate sequence in the geographic information through the optical cable segment to which the spare cable core belongs, and further, when the fault point is close to the joint, the system will preferentially match the joint coordinates by associating the joint position, the pole line number, and other geographic information, thereby reducing the misjudgment.

[0116] Further, by matching the corresponding optical cable path in the geographic information system through the optical cable segment to which the spare cable core belongs, the optical cable routing data of the optical cable path is associated to generate a cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table, including:

[0117] (1) Extract the core information of each spare cable core from the spare cable core list, and clearly determine the correspondence between the cable core identification and the optical cable segment to which it belongs. The identification of each spare cable core already contains the identification of the optical cable segment to which it belongs, and the records in the list need to be matched one by one to confirm that the optical cable segment field of each cable core is accurate and correct, avoiding cross-segment association caused by list entry errors. At the same time, the start and end nodes of each cable core are recorded to provide a physical boundary reference for subsequent coordinate mapping.

[0118] (2) Log in to the geographic information system, retrieve and extract the basic data of all spare cable cores of the optical cable section according to the optical cable section identifier, wherein the basic data includes: the unique code of the optical cable section in the geographic information system, the geographic coordinates of the starting node of the optical cable section, the geographic coordinates of the ending node, and the physical path ID marked in the geographic information system, the unique code needs to be mapped with the identifier of the spare cable core list, if there is a format difference, it needs to be uniformly converted through the preset identifier comparison table, and the physical path ID is used to locate the specific laying path, it needs to be noted that this step needs to ensure that the retrieved optical cable section data is completely matched with the spare cable core of the optical cable section, if there is no record of the optical cable section in the geographic information system, the process needs to be suspended and feedback to the operation and maintenance system to supplement the data;

[0119] (3) Based on the obtained physical path ID, query the complete laying path coordinate sequence of the optical cable section in the geographic information system, wherein the laying path coordinate sequence is a digital record of the actual laying track of the optical cable, usually recording a latitude and longitude coordinate at a certain interval, such as every 5 meters, to form a continuous coordinate chain, when extracting, all coordinate points of the sequence need to be extracted, and sorted according to the distance from the starting node, that is, arranged from the starting point to the ending point in turn, and the cumulative distance corresponding to each coordinate point is recorded, such as the first coordinate point is 0 meters from the starting point, the second is 5 meters, and so on;

[0120] (4) After locating the laying path, further associate the detailed routing data of the optical cable section, including:

[0121] Buried depth data: the buried depth of the optical cable corresponding to each coordinate point, to distinguish the geographical features of different laying methods such as direct burial and overhead;

[0122] Joint position coordinates: the latitude and longitude coordinates of all joint boxes in the optical cable section, which need to be matched with the distance in the laying path coordinate sequence;

[0123] Pole or pipeline number: if it is an overhead optical cable, record the pole number and corresponding coordinates along the way; if it is a pipeline optical cable, record the pipeline section number and buried depth range;

[0124] Associate these data one by one to the coordinate sequence of the laying path, for example, insert the coordinates of No. 1 joint box between the coordinate points corresponding to the distance, to form a binding relationship of coordinate-routing attributes;

[0125] (5) Take the cable core identifier of the spare cable core as the index, integrate the geographic data obtained in (3) and (4) into a mapping record, establish the mapping relationship between the cable core identifier and the geographic coordinates, including:

[0126] Basic mapping: cable core identifier-identifier of the optical cable section-geographic information system optical cable section code-laying path coordinate sequence;

[0127] Detail mapping: cable core identity - joint position coordinate - burial depth data - pole or pipeline number;

[0128] (6) The mapping records are arranged in a unified format into a mapping table, which at least contains the following fields: cable core identity, optical cable segment to which it belongs, geographic information system optical cable segment code, starting point coordinate, ending point coordinate, laying path coordinate sequence, joint position coordinate and distance, burial depth segmentation data, and pole or pipeline association information, and is stored in a structured format such as a database table, ensuring that the cable core identity field is completely consistent with the cable core identity in the spare cable list, and an index is established to support fast query;

[0129] (7) Verify the accuracy and integrity of the mapping table.

[0130] S1.6: The monitoring host connects the optical power meter detection link to the corresponding remote light source device of each spare cable in the spare cable list through an external optical fiber; each spare cable corresponds to one remote light source device, and the remote light source device is deployed at the terminal node of the spare cable; the connection process includes:

[0131] The monitoring host controls the remote light source device to send a start instruction to control its output to stabilize the monitoring light; the optical power value in the optical power meter detection link is collected using the optical power meter, and the connectivity of the optical power meter detection link is determined according to the optical power value to generate a remote light source matching result; the remote light source matching result is associated with the connection relationship of the corresponding spare cable in the spare cable list, and is stored in the configuration file of the monitoring host;

[0132] S1.7: The monitoring host aggregates the hardware integration parameters, the spare cable list, the cable core identity-geographic coordinate mapping table, and the remote light source matching result, generates an initialization configuration file, and writes it into the system database of the monitoring host to complete the initialization configuration; the hardware integration parameters include the interface configuration of the optical performance monitoring module group and the cooperative control logic.

[0133] The specific steps of S3 include:

[0134] S3.1: Read the initialization configuration file from the system database of the monitoring host, extract the spare cable list and the preset round-trip cycle, and at the same time, obtain the correspondence between the optical switch and the spare cable, i.e. the connection mapping between the optical switch output port and the spare cable terminal interface;

[0135] S3.2: The monitoring host starts the timer according to the preset round-trip cycle, and triggers the optical switch to switch when the round-trip cycle threshold is reached, switching to different spare cables; during the switching process, the optical switch sequentially connects the test signal to different spare cables according to the cable core identity in the spare cable list;

[0136] S3.3: Perform round-trip testing on the standby cable core after switching using an optical time domain reflectometer to obtain real-time optical time domain reflectometry data; the real-time optical time domain reflectometry data includes real-time loss values, real-time lengths, and a real-time event point list; the real-time event point list is obtained by analyzing real-time optical time domain reflectometry data and includes reflection event point positions and reflection peak power information detected in the current testing period;

[0137] S3.4: Input the test light of the optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of the remote light source device into the first signal end and the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer, respectively; the wavelength division multiplexer combines the two different wavelength optical signals into one composite optical signal through filtering and combining technology, transmits the composite optical signal to the common port of the optical switch through the common end, and then transmits the composite optical signal through the current standby cable core that has been connected, that is, the same standby cable core simultaneously carries the test light and the monitoring light;

[0138] S3.5: When the composite optical signal is transmitted in the current standby cable core, part of the monitoring light is reversely coupled to the detection port of the optical power meter through the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer to obtain coupled light;

[0139] S3.6: The optical power meter monitors the power value of the coupled light in real time, converts it into real-time optical power data, and stores it in association with the identification of the current standby cable core;

[0140] Further, the conversion of the real-time optical power data is a process of converting the coupled light physical signal received by the optical power meter through optical-electric conversion, signal processing, calibration calculation, etc. to a quantifiable digital power value, and the core is to realize accurate mapping of optical signal-electrical signal-digital signal-power value. The specific process includes:

[0141] (1) The detection port of the optical power meter receives the monitoring light reversely coupled through the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer, that is, the coupled light, which is part of the monitoring light emitted by the remote light source device and transmitted through the standby cable core, and then separated by the wavelength division multiplexer and reversely coupled to the optical power meter. The optical filter unit inside the optical power meter will first filter the coupled light by wavelength, allowing only the target monitoring light wavelength to pass through and filtering out the interference light of non-target monitoring light wavelength to ensure the purity of the optical signal entering the subsequent link;

[0142] (2) The filtered coupled light enters the photodetector unit of the optical power meter to realize the conversion of optical signal to electrical signal;

[0143] The core principle of the photodetector is the photovoltaic effect: photons hit the semiconductor material of the photodetector, exciting electron-hole pairs, and forming a photocurrent under the action of a reverse bias. The intensity of the photocurrent is proportional to the optical power of the incident coupled light.

[0144] Wherein, for weak light signal, such as power ≤-30dBm, avalanche gain function of avalanche diode detector will be enabled to amplify weak photocurrent to detectable range; for strong light signal, such as power ≥-10dBm, PIN diode is used.

[0145] (3) The photoelectric current generated by photoelectric conversion is converted into a voltage signal by a preamplifier, and then is amplified by a main amplifier, and high-frequency noise is filtered by a low-pass filter;

[0146] (4) The amplified analog voltage signal enters a 16-bit or 24-bit AD converter to convert the continuous voltage signal into discrete digital quantity;

[0147] (5) The digital quantity obtained by AD conversion is converted into actual optical power value by a calibration formula, and is converted into a standard data format, wherein the calibration formula is based on factory calibration data of the optical power meter; the standard data format includes numerical value, unit and sampling time stamp.

[0148] Further, the identification of the current standby cable core is associated by monitoring the time sequence synchronization and data binding mechanism of the host computer, establishing a unique correspondence between the converted real-time optical power data and the standby cable core identification currently switched by the optical switch, ensuring that each power data can be traced back to a specific cable core, the core is time sequence alignment and identification binding. The specific process includes:

[0149] (1) The round-trip control module of the host computer tracks the switching state of the optical switch in real time, and sends the current cable core identification to the data processing unit when the optical switch completes switching and stabilizes, which is completely consistent with the identification in the standby cable core list;

[0150] (2) Receive real-time optical power data output by the optical power meter and the current cable core identification sent by the round-trip control module, and realize the binding of the two through time stamp alignment:

[0151] If the difference between the time stamp of the optical power data and the time stamp of the optical switch switching completion is less than or equal to the preset error threshold, the current cable core identification is associated with the real-time optical power data to form a three-tuple of identification-power-time;

[0152] If the difference between the time stamp of the optical power data and the time stamp of the optical switch switching completion is greater than the preset error threshold, re-sampling is triggered to avoid identification and data mismatch;

[0153] (3) Check the bound three-tuple of identification-power-time, including:

[0154] Check 1: identification validity, check whether the current cable core identification exists in the standby cable core list, if not, mark it as invalid identification, and trigger the host to check the optical switch switching logic;

[0155] Check two: power rationality, judge whether the real-time optical power value is in the normal output range of the remote optical source device, if it exceeds the range, it is still normally associated but marked as power abnormality, which does not affect the association itself;

[0156] (4) The associated data that passes the check is written into the real-time database of the monitoring host.

[0157] S3.7: After the real-time optical time domain reflection data and real-time optical power data of the current standby cable core are collected, the monitoring host judges whether the last cable core in the standby cable core list has been round-tripped;

[0158] If the round-trip of all cable cores is not completed, return to S3.2 to switch to the next standby cable core in the round-trip order;

[0159] If the round-trip of all standby cable cores is completed, wait for the next round-trip period, and start round-tripping from the first cable core in the list again when the round-trip period arrives.

[0160] The logic of comparing the real-time optical time domain reflection data with the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value and the historical baseline of the corresponding standby cable core in S4 includes:

[0161] The monitoring host retrieves the real-time optical time domain reflection data of the current standby cable core from the system database, and at the same time, extracts the historical baseline corresponding to the current standby cable core and the preset optical time domain reflection reference threshold value; the historical baseline includes the initial loss value, the initial length, and the initial event point list; the reference threshold value includes the loss change threshold value, the length deviation threshold value, and the new breakpoint judgment threshold value;

[0162] Based on the real-time loss value in the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the initial loss value in the historical baseline, the loss difference between the two is calculated, and if the loss difference exceeds the loss change threshold value in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value, it is determined as loss abnormality;

[0163] According to the real-time length in the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the initial length in the historical baseline, the length deviation between the two is calculated, and if the absolute value of the length deviation exceeds the length deviation threshold value in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value, it is determined as length abnormality;

[0164] Scan the real-time event point list in the real-time optical time domain reflection data, compare the reflection event point position and reflection peak power information in it with the initial event point list in the historical baseline, and if there is a point position that is not included in the initial event point list and the reflection peak power meets the new breakpoint judgment threshold value in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value, it is determined as new breakpoint abnormality;

[0165] The monitoring host aggregates the loss anomaly, length anomaly and new breakpoint anomaly judgment results, and if any anomaly occurs, the reflection characteristic anomaly is marked, and the reflection characteristic anomaly is associated with the cable core identifier of the current cable core.

[0166] The logic of comparing the real-time optical power data with the optical power setting threshold in S4 to determine whether there is an abnormal result includes:

[0167] The monitoring host retrieves the real-time optical power data of the current standby cable core from the system database, and extracts the optical power setting threshold corresponding to the standby cable core;

[0168] The real-time optical power data is compared with the optical power setting threshold, and if the real-time optical power data is higher than the upper limit of the optical power setting threshold or lower than the lower limit of the optical power setting threshold, it is marked as a power anomaly, and the cable core identifier and real-time optical power data corresponding to the anomaly are recorded;

[0169] When either the reflection characteristic anomaly or the power anomaly is marked, it is comprehensively determined that there is an abnormal result, and stored in the abnormal result aggregation file of the monitoring host; the abnormal result includes the abnormal cable core identifier, the abnormal type, and the corresponding real-time optical time domain reflection data or real-time optical power data;

[0170] The monitoring host traverses the abnormal result aggregation file according to the cable core identifier, and checks the continuity of the abnormal records of the same standby cable core, if the same abnormal type of the same standby cable core is detected in three consecutive round-trip periods, the abnormal result is marked as a persistent anomaly, and a persistent anomaly priority level is assigned; the persistent anomaly is a first priority, and the non-persistent anomaly is a second priority.

[0171] The specific steps of S5 include:

[0172] S5.1: The monitoring host receives the abnormal result output by S4, extracts the abnormal cable core identifier, the abnormal type, and the corresponding real-time optical time domain reflection data or real-time optical power data;

[0173] S5.2: According to the abnormal priority, execute the first priority anomaly processing, including:

[0174] Based on the optical switch-cable core interface mapping relationship, the optical switch is switched to the standby cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier; the optical switch-cable core interface mapping relationship refers to the corresponding connection between the output port of the optical switch and the terminal interface of the standby cable core;

[0175] According to the cooperative control logic in S1.4, the optical time domain reflectometer is called to perform repeated testing on the standby cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier according to the preset test parameters, and the average value of the repeated test data is taken as the retest optical time domain reflection data; the retest optical time domain reflection data includes retest loss value, retest length, and retest event point list;

[0176] S5.3: Comparing the retest optical time domain reflection data with the historical baseline;

[0177] If the difference between the retest loss value and the initial loss value still exceeds the loss change threshold value, or the absolute value of the retest length deviation still exceeds the length deviation threshold value, or the retest event point list still has a point position meeting the newly added breakpoint determination threshold value, it is confirmed that the corresponding anomaly is a real anomaly;

[0178] If the retest result is inconsistent with the abnormal result of S4, it is marked as an accidental anomaly, and the corresponding standby cable core of the abnormal cable core is included in the next round of patrol period monitoring.

[0179] The specific steps of S5 further include:

[0180] S5.4: For the abnormal cable core confirmed in S5.3, the generated cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table is called to obtain the optical cable routing data of the optical cable section to which the cable core belongs through matching of the abnormal cable core identification;

[0181] S5.5: Based on the abnormal point distance and signal waveform feature in the retest optical time domain reflection data, a fault point is matched in the laying path coordinate sequence of the optical cable routing data, including:

[0182] Starting from the starting node coordinate corresponding to the test end, the abnormal point distance is converted into the corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates along the laying path coordinate sequence in the optical cable routing data according to the actual distance;

[0183] If the abnormal point is a joint reflection, i.e., the waveform feature is a sharp reflection peak, it is matched to the nearest joint position coordinate;

[0184] If it is a uniform loss anomaly, i.e., the waveform presents linear attenuation, it is positioned to the middle coordinate of the corresponding distance section;

[0185] The signal waveform feature refers to the reflection peak intensity;

[0186] S5.6: Integrating the abnormal type, fault point geographic coordinate, and abnormal cable core identification, a fault positioning report is generated using a fault cause analysis algorithm;

[0187] S5.7: Based on the fault positioning report, an alarm content is output; the alarm content is divided into a first-level alarm and a second-level alarm; the first-level alarm corresponds to a first-priority abnormality, is directly pushed to an operation and maintenance terminal in real time through a communication interface of a monitoring host, and simultaneously triggers an audible and light alarm; the second-level alarm corresponds to a second-priority abnormality, is pushed after being delayed until the next round of patrol period retest verification.

[0188] Embodiment 2

[0189] Please refer to Figure 3Another embodiment provided by the application is a cable online monitoring device, comprising:

[0190] a host control module, an association matching module, a monitoring and collecting module, and an abnormality analysis module;

[0191] the host control module is configured to perform initialization configuration, process scheduling, and instruction distribution;

[0192] the association matching module is configured to associate the physical path of the optical cable with the geographic coordinates, and to connect, communicate, and verify the link connectivity with the remote light source device;

[0193] the monitoring and collecting module is configured to complete the data collection of the standby cable core according to a round patrol period;

[0194] the abnormality analysis module is configured to compare the real-time data with the historical baseline data to determine whether there is an abnormality, and to retest and verify the abnormal cable core, locate the fault, and output an alarm.

[0195] the host control module comprises a configuration control unit and a process scheduling unit;

[0196] the configuration control unit is configured to receive and analyze the initialization parameters, and to control the optical performance monitoring module and the geographic information system to complete the integration and association;

[0197] the process scheduling unit is configured to schedule the processes of real-time monitoring, abnormality analysis, fault retesting, etc. according to a preset logic, to ensure the orderly execution of each step.

[0198] the association matching module comprises a geographic data storage unit, a positioning mapping unit, and a light source communication unit;

[0199] the geographic data storage unit is configured to store the mapping relationship between the optical cable routing data and the cable core identification and the geographic coordinates;

[0200] the positioning mapping unit is configured to convert the abnormal point distance in the optical time domain reflection data into specific latitude and longitude coordinates according to the mapping relationship called by the abnormal cable core identification, to realize the spatial positioning of the fault point;

[0201] the light source communication unit is configured to establish communication with the remote light source device, and to control it to emit stable monitoring light.

[0202] the monitoring and collecting module comprises a baseline storage unit, a round patrol control unit, and a data collecting unit;

[0203] the baseline storage unit is configured to store the historical baseline data obtained by the initial test as the comparison benchmark of the real-time data;

[0204] the round patrol control unit is configured to control the optical switch to switch to the target cable core in sequence according to the preset period and the cable core list, to trigger the test process;

[0205] A data acquisition unit is configured to synchronously acquire real-time optical time domain reflectometry data output by the optical time domain reflectometer and real-time optical power data output by the optical power meter, and temporarily store the data after associating with the cable core identifier.

[0206] The abnormality analysis module comprises a data comparison unit, an abnormality determination unit, a retest control unit, a fault positioning unit, and an alarm output unit.

[0207] The data comparison unit is configured to compare the real-time optical time domain reflectometry data with historical baseline and reference threshold, compare the real-time optical power data with a set threshold, and calculate a difference value.

[0208] The abnormality determination unit is configured to determine whether there is loss abnormality, length abnormality, breakpoint abnormality or power abnormality according to the comparison result, and generate an abnormality result.

[0209] The retest control unit is configured to receive the abnormality result, control the optical switch to switch to the abnormal cable core, trigger the optical time domain reflectometer to perform retest, and acquire retest optical time domain reflectometry data.

[0210] The fault positioning unit is configured to determine a specific position and type of the fault point in combination with the positioning result of the retest data and the geographic information system.

[0211] The alarm output unit is configured to generate alarm information according to the fault positioning result and output the alarm information according to priority.

[0212] The embodiments of the present application are described above in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and the above specific embodiments are only illustrative but not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the purpose and the protected scope of the present application, and these are all within the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An optical cable on-line monitoring method characterized by, Comprise: S1: monitor host initialization configuration, including integrated optical performance monitoring module group, associated geographic information system, and complete matching with remote light source equipment, at the same time, based on the optical cable network topology to be monitored to determine the list of spare cable core; the optical performance monitoring module group includes optical time domain reflectometer, optical switch, optical power meter, wavelength division multiplexer; S2: using the optical time domain reflectometer to perform initial test on the spare cable core in the list of spare cable core, obtaining the initial optical time domain reflection data of each spare cable core as historical baseline, at the same time, presetting optical time domain reflection reference threshold and optical power setting threshold; the initial optical time domain reflection data includes loss, length, breakpoint characteristics; S3: the monitoring host switches to different spare cable core by optical switch according to the preset round patrol cycle, obtains real-time optical time domain reflection data after round patrol test on the current spare cable core by using optical time domain reflectometer, at the same time, multiplexes the test light of optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of remote light source equipment to the same spare cable core by wavelength division multiplexer, and synchronously obtains the real-time optical power data of the spare cable core by optical power meter; S4: comparing the real-time optical time domain reflection data with the optical time domain reflection reference threshold and the historical baseline of the corresponding spare cable core respectively, and comparing the real-time optical power data with the optical power setting threshold, to judge whether there is abnormal result; S5: according to the abnormal result, switching to the corresponding abnormal spare cable core by optical switch and using optical time domain reflectometer to retest, obtaining retest optical time domain reflection data, combining geographic information system to locate fault and output alarm information; The optical time domain reflectometer, optical switch, optical power meter and wavelength division multiplexer are integrated in the internal bus of the monitoring host through hardware interface and are physically connected through optical fiber; The physical connection mode is that the output port of the optical switch is connected with the terminal interface of the spare cable core, the common port of the optical switch is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the first signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the test port of the optical time domain reflectometer, and the second signal end is connected with the detection port of the optical power meter.

2. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein, The specific steps of S1 include: S1.1: collecting the optical cable network topology data of the area to be monitored through the interface optical cable network operation and maintenance system; S1.2: according to the optical cable network topology data, extracting the total fiber core number and service bearing record of each optical cable section, screening the idle cable core in the optical cable which does not bear service, and dividing the cable core group according to the optical cable section in the optical cable network topology; each cable core group corresponds to an optical cable section, and contains 1-3 spare cable cores; S1.3: based on the divided cable core group, allocating a unique cable core identifier to each spare cable core, recording the start and end points, the belonging optical cable section and the fiber core number of each cable core, and summarizing to form the list of spare cable core; S1.4: integrating the optical time domain reflectometer, optical switch, optical power meter and wavelength division multiplexer in the internal bus of the monitoring host through hardware interface and physically connecting them through optical fiber, at the same time, writing collaborative control logic through the control system of the monitoring host to form the optical power meter detection link; S1.5: binding each spare cable core identifier in the list of spare cable core with the optical cable routing data in the geographic information system, including: A cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table is generated by matching the corresponding optical cable path in the geographic information system of the optical cable segment to which the spare cable core belongs, and associating the optical cable routing data of the optical cable path; the optical cable routing data includes a laying path coordinate sequence, a burial depth, a joint position, and a pole line number; the cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table is associated with the cable core identification field in the spare cable core list; S1.6: The monitoring host connects the optical power meter detection link with the remote light source device corresponding to each spare cable core in the spare cable core list through an external optical fiber; each spare cable core corresponds to one remote light source device, and the remote light source device is deployed at the terminal node of the spare cable core; the connection process includes: The monitoring host controls the remote light source device to send a start instruction and controls it to output stable monitoring light; the optical power value in the optical power meter detection link is collected using the optical power meter, and the connectivity of the optical power meter detection link is determined to be normal or not according to the optical power value, and a remote light source matching result is generated; the remote light source matching result is associated with the connection relationship of the corresponding spare cable core in the spare cable core list, and is stored in the configuration file of the monitoring host; S1.7: The monitoring host aggregates the hardware integration parameters, the spare cable core list, the cable core identification-geographic coordinate mapping table, and the remote light source matching result, generates an initialization configuration file, and writes it into the system database of the monitoring host, to complete the initialization configuration; the hardware integration parameters include the interface configuration of the optical performance monitoring module group and the cooperative control logic.

3. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein, The specific steps of S3 include: S3.1: The initialization configuration file is read from the system database of the monitoring host, the spare cable core list and the preset round-trip cycle are extracted, and at the same time, the correspondence between the optical switch and the spare cable core is obtained, that is, the connection mapping between the output port of the optical switch and the terminal interface of the spare cable core; S3.2: The monitoring host starts the timer according to the preset round-trip cycle, triggers the optical switch to switch when the round-trip cycle threshold is reached, and switches to different spare cable cores; in the switching process, the optical switch sequentially connects the test signal to different spare cable cores according to the cable core identification in the spare cable core list; S3.3: The round-trip test of the switched spare cable core is performed using an optical time domain reflectometer, and real-time optical time domain reflection data is obtained; the real-time optical time domain reflection data includes real-time loss value, real-time length, and real-time event point list; the real-time event point list is obtained by analyzing the real-time optical time domain reflectometer test data, and contains the reflection event point position and reflection peak power information detected in the current test period; S3.4: The test light of the optical time domain reflectometer and the monitoring light of the remote light source device are respectively input into the first signal end and the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer through the wavelength division multiplexer; the wavelength division multiplexer combines the two different wavelength optical signals into one composite optical signal through filtering and separating and combining technology, and transmits the composite optical signal to the common port of the optical switch through the common end, and then transmits the composite optical signal through the current connected spare cable core, that is, the same spare cable core simultaneously carries the test light and the monitoring light; S3.5: When the composite optical signal is transmitted in the current spare cable core, part of the monitoring light is reversely coupled to the detection port of the optical power meter through the second signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer to obtain coupled light; S3.6: The optical power meter monitors the power value of the coupled light in real time, converts it into real-time optical power data, and stores it in association with the identification of the current standby cable core; S3.7: After the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the real-time optical power data of the current standby cable core are collected, the host machine judges whether the last cable core in the standby cable core list has been reached by the round tour; If the round tour of all cable cores is not completed, return to S3.2 to switch to the next standby cable core in the round tour order; If the round tour of all standby cable cores has been completed, wait for the next round tour period, and start the round tour from the first cable core in the list again when the round tour period arrives.

4. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 3, wherein, The logic of comparing the real-time optical time domain reflection data with the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value and the historical baseline of the corresponding standby cable core in S4 includes: The monitoring host retrieves the real-time optical time domain reflection data of the current standby cable core from the system database, and at the same time, extracts the historical baseline corresponding to the current standby cable core and the preset optical time domain reflection reference threshold value; the historical baseline includes the initial loss value, the initial length, and the initial event point list; the reference threshold value includes the loss change threshold value, the length deviation threshold value, and the new breakpoint judgment threshold value; Based on the real-time loss value in the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the initial loss value in the historical baseline, the loss difference between the two is calculated, and if the loss difference exceeds the loss change threshold value in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value, it is determined to be a loss anomaly; According to the real-time length in the real-time optical time domain reflection data and the initial length in the historical baseline, the length deviation between the two is calculated, and if the absolute value of the length deviation exceeds the length deviation threshold value in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value, it is determined to be a length anomaly; Scan the real-time event point list in the real-time optical time domain reflection data, compare the reflection event point position and reflection peak power information in it with the initial event point list in the historical baseline, and if there is a point position that is not included in the initial event point list and the reflection peak power meets the new breakpoint judgment threshold value in the optical time domain reflection reference threshold value, it is determined to be a new breakpoint anomaly; The monitoring host summarizes the loss anomaly, length anomaly, and new breakpoint anomaly judgment results, and if any anomaly occurs, it is marked as a reflection feature anomaly, and the reflection feature anomaly is associated with the cable core identification of the current cable core.

5. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein, The logic of comparing the real-time optical power data with the optical power set threshold value to determine whether there is an abnormal result in S4 includes: The monitoring host retrieves the real-time optical power data of the current standby cable core from the system database, and at the same time, extracts the optical power set threshold value corresponding to the standby cable core; Compare the real-time optical power data with the optical power set threshold value, if the real-time optical power data is higher than the upper limit of the optical power set threshold value or lower than the lower limit of the optical power set threshold value, it is marked as a power anomaly, and the cable core identification and real-time optical power data corresponding to the anomaly are recorded; When either the reflection feature anomaly or the power anomaly is marked, it is comprehensively determined that there is an abnormal result, and stored in the abnormal result summary file of the monitoring host; the abnormal result includes the abnormal cable core identification, the abnormal type, and the corresponding real-time optical time domain reflection data or real-time optical power data; The monitoring host traverses the abnormal result summary file according to the cable core identifier, checks the continuity of the abnormal records of the same backup cable core, and if the same abnormal type of the same backup cable core is detected in three consecutive round tour cycles, the abnormal result is marked as a persistent abnormality, and a persistent abnormality priority level is assigned; the persistent abnormality is a first priority level, and the non-persistent abnormality is a second priority level.

6. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 5, wherein, The specific steps of S5 include: S5.1: The monitoring host receives the abnormal result output by S4, extracts the abnormal cable core identifier, the abnormal type, and the corresponding real-time optical time domain reflection data or real-time optical power data; S5.2: According to the abnormal priority, a first priority abnormality processing is performed, including: Controlling the optical switch to switch to the backup cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier based on the optical switch-cable core interface mapping relationship; the optical switch-cable core interface mapping relationship refers to the corresponding connection between the output port of the optical switch and the terminal interface of the backup cable core; According to the cooperative control logic in S1.4, the optical time domain reflectometer is called to perform repeated testing on the backup cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier according to the preset test parameters, and the average value of the repeated test data is taken as the retest optical time domain reflection data; the retest optical time domain reflection data includes a retest loss value, a retest length, and a retest event point list; S5.3: Comparing the retest optical time domain reflection data with the historical baseline; If the difference between the retest loss value and the initial loss value still exceeds the loss change threshold value, or the absolute value of the retest length deviation still exceeds the length deviation threshold value, or the retest event point list still has a point position meeting the new breakpoint judgment threshold value, it is confirmed that the corresponding abnormality is a real abnormality; If the retest result is inconsistent with the abnormal result of S4, it is marked as an occasional abnormality, and the backup cable core corresponding to the abnormal cable core identifier is included in the next round of tour cycle monitoring.

7. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein, The specific steps of S5 also include: S5.4: For the abnormal cable core confirmed in S5.3, the generated cable core identifier-geographic coordinate mapping table is called to obtain the optical cable routing data of the optical cable section to which the cable core belongs through matching of the abnormal cable core identifier; S5.5: Based on the abnormal point distance and the signal waveform feature in the retest optical time domain reflection data, a fault point is matched in the laying path coordinate sequence of the optical cable routing data, including: Starting from the starting node coordinate corresponding to the test end, the abnormal point distance is converted into the corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates along the laying path coordinate sequence in the optical cable routing data according to the actual distance; If the abnormal point is a joint reflection, i.e., the waveform feature is a sharp reflection peak, it is matched to the nearest joint position coordinate; If it is a uniform loss abnormality, i.e., the waveform is linearly attenuated, it is positioned to the middle coordinate of the corresponding distance section; The signal waveform feature refers to the reflection peak intensity; S5.6: Integrating the abnormal type, the fault point geographic coordinate, and the abnormal cable core identifier, a fault positioning report is generated by using a fault cause analysis algorithm; S5.7: based on the fault location report, output the alarm content; the alarm content is divided into a first-level alarm and a second-level alarm; the first-level alarm corresponds to a first priority exception, is directly pushed to the operation and maintenance terminal in real time through the communication interface of the monitoring host, and simultaneously triggers an audible and light alarm; the second-level alarm corresponds to a second priority exception, is pushed after being verified by retesting in the next round of patrol period.

8. An optical cable online monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein, The method further comprises: After the fault processing is completed, the monitoring host receives a repair completion instruction, controls the optical switch to switch to the corresponding cable core, performs a verification test according to the initial test parameters of S2, and obtains verification data; The verification data is compared with historical baseline data, if the deviation is within the reference threshold range, it is determined that the fault has been repaired, the alarm processing state is updated to solved, otherwise a secondary alarm is triggered, prompting to handle again.

9. An optical cable on-line monitoring apparatus for implementing the optical cable on-line monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, It comprises: a host control module, an association matching module, a monitoring and collection module, and an abnormality analysis module; The host control module is used for performing initialization configuration, process scheduling and instruction distribution; The association matching module is used for associating the optical cable physical path with the geographic coordinates, and connecting, communicating and verifying the link connectivity with the remote light source equipment; The monitoring and collection module is used for completing data collection of the standby cable core according to the round patrol period; The abnormality analysis module is used for comparing real-time data with historical baseline data to determine whether there is an abnormality, and simultaneously retesting and verifying the abnormal cable core, locating the fault and outputting an alarm.

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