Plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxin and feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxin and a feed, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and the plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: grape pomace, silybum marianum straw, soybean peptide powder, chitosan oligosaccharide and rice hull source biochar. The preparation method comprises the following steps: inducing plant polyphenol, soybean peptide and chitosan oligosaccharide to generate mild glycosamine condensation and cross-linking reaction under a hydrothermal condition, reacting carbonyl of the chitosan oligosaccharide with polypeptide or amino of the chitosan oligosaccharide to form Schiff base, and further rearranging and cross-linking; meanwhile, a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups, peptide bonds, hydroxyl groups and the like form a three-dimensional network structure through hydrogen bonds, and the three-dimensional network structure is attached to the surface of the rice hull source biochar at high temperature, so that mycotoxin can be adsorbed, and active substances with liver protection and oxidation resistance functions, such as silibinin and anthocyanin, can be slowly released; and antioxidant repair and protection are provided for intestinal tracts while the mould is adsorbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed additive technology, specifically to a plant extract and feed for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins. Background Technology

[0002] Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by specific fungi during the growth, harvesting, transportation, and storage of crops. They are among the most prevalent and serious natural toxins contaminating feed ingredients globally. In the pig industry, major feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, and wheat are highly susceptible to single or combined contamination by various mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisins (FUMs). Once these toxins enter the pig's body through feed, even at low doses, they can cause a series of serious health problems, leading to increased susceptibility to pathogens, decreased vaccine efficacy, reduced feed intake, stunted growth, and decreased feed conversion ratio. In particular, ZEN has estrogen-like effects, which can cause reproductive performance problems in sows, such as infertility, abortion, and false estrus. Developing efficient, safe, and economical anti-mycotoxin feed additives for pigs to prevent and alleviate mycotoxin poisoning and ensure the health and production performance of pigs has become a cutting-edge research hotspot in the fields of feed science and animal nutrition.

[0003] Currently, technologies and products used to control mycotoxins in pig feed can be mainly divided into three categories: physical adsorption, chemical detoxification, and biodegradation. Physical adsorption is the most commonly used strategy. Its core is to utilize materials with large specific surface areas and porous structures, such as inorganic mineral adsorbents like montmorillonite and zeolite, and organic adsorbents like yeast cell walls and activated carbon, to bind with mycotoxins in the pig's digestive tract, forming non-absorbable complexes that are then excreted in feces. However, this technology has significant drawbacks. First, inorganic mineral adsorbents generally suffer from poor adsorption selectivity. While adsorbing mycotoxins, they inevitably adsorb essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids from the feed as well, potentially leading to nutritional deficiencies in pigs and affecting their growth and development with long-term use. Second, while they are effective at adsorbing highly polar mycotoxins like aflatoxin, their adsorption capacity for non-polar or weakly polar mycotoxins such as zearalenone and vomitoxin is relatively limited. Chemical detoxification methods, such as treating feed with acids, alkalis, or oxidants, can destroy the structure of toxins, but these methods often require harsh conditions, easily damage the original nutritional value of the feed, and may generate new toxic byproducts, posing a high safety risk. Therefore, their application in actual production is limited. Biodegradation methods utilize specific microorganisms or their produced enzymes to degrade mycotoxins, offering advantages such as high specificity, high efficiency, and safe products, and are considered the future direction. However, they also face challenges, such as the complex screening and cultivation techniques for highly efficient degrading strains, the high production cost of enzyme preparations, and the susceptibility of enzyme activity to inactivation due to the high temperature and pressure environment during feed processing and the complex environment within the animal's digestive tract, limiting their widespread application.

[0004] Chinese patent CN106819466A discloses a feed additive for pigs that combats mycotoxins. The technical solution mainly involves the physical mixing of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall polysaccharides, mannan oligosaccharides, traditional Chinese medicine extracts (licorice, dandelion, etc.), and vitamins. This invention integrates the concepts of inorganic adsorption, organic adsorption, and the health benefits of traditional Chinese medicine, but it has significant limitations. First, its core adsorption component remains montmorillonite, failing to fundamentally solve the problem of non-specific adsorption of nutrients by inorganic adsorbents. The addition of vitamin C and vitamin E to the formula, to some extent, confirms the default and passive compensation for this side effect, increasing additional costs and making it difficult to precisely control nutritional balance. Second, this additive is a simple physical blend of various powdered raw materials, and the components do not form a functionally synergistic organic whole. During feed transportation, storage, and mixing, components with different proportions may stratify, resulting in uneven distribution of effective components to the pigs, thus affecting the product's stability and actual effectiveness. Third, the current approach is relatively limited in its function, primarily focusing on adsorption and liver protection. It lacks mechanisms for the biotransformation or degradation of mycotoxins, and its effects on toxins already absorbed into the bloodstream, as well as deeper issues such as intestinal mucosal damage and oxidative stress caused by these toxins, are indirect and limited. Therefore, developing a highly efficient and selective mycotoxin adsorbent that combines bioactive functions is crucial to overcoming the current technological bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention discloses a plant extract and feed for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, the details of which are as follows.

[0006] This invention protects a plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 60-90 parts grape pomace, 20-30 parts milk thistle straw, 20-25 parts soybean peptide powder, 12-18 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 20-40 parts rice husk biochar.

[0007] Preferably, by weight, the raw materials include: 70-80 parts grape pomace, 23-27 parts milk thistle straw, 22-24 parts soybean peptide powder, 14-16 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 25-35 parts rice husk biochar.

[0008] Preferably, the plant extract used to adsorb porcine mycotoxins is a grayish-brown granule.

[0009] This invention also protects the preparation method of the above-mentioned plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Mix grape pomace and milk thistle straw evenly, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with pure water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 w / v, add them to a high-pressure reactor, turn on the ultrasonic power at 800w and frequency at 25kHz to perform the first heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract A, add pure water to the remaining residue in the high-pressure reactor at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 w / v, turn off the ultrasonic power, perform the second heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract B, mix extract A and extract B to obtain the mother liquor; Step 2, Preparation of shell components: The composite extraction mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60℃ and -0.08MPa to a solid content of 20% (w / w). Soybean peptide powder was added at 60℃ and stirred at 150rpm for 30min. Chitosan oligosaccharide was added and stirring was continued for 2h to obtain the shell components. Step 3: Add rice husk biochar to the bottom of the fluidized bed, and use a peristaltic pump to deliver the shell components to a two-fluid nozzle located above the fluidized bed. Spray the rice husk biochar with the nozzle, and after drying, use a cyclone separator to separate the components to obtain a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of grape pomace to milk thistle stalks is 3:1.

[0011] Preferably, the conditions for the first heating and pressurizing extraction in step one are: reacting at 120°C and 2.0 MPa for 30 min.

[0012] Preferably, the extraction in the second heating and pressurization reaction in step one is carried out at 160°C and 5.0 MPa for 45 min.

[0013] Preferably, the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is 150°C and the outlet air temperature is 80°C.

[0014] Preferably, the droplet size ejected from the two-fluid nozzle in step three is controlled to be 50~100μm.

[0015] The present invention also protects a feed containing the above-mentioned plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins, wherein the amount of the plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins in the feed is 0.5% to 0.8% (w / w). The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention utilizes a mild glycoamine condensation and cross-linking reaction induced between plant polyphenols, soybean peptides and chitosan oligosaccharides under hydrothermal conditions. The carbonyl group of chitosan oligosaccharides reacts with the polypeptide or the amino group of chitosan oligosaccharides to form Schiff bases and further rearrange and cross-link. At the same time, a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups form a three-dimensional network structure with peptide bonds, hydroxyl groups, etc. through hydrogen bonds. It is attached to the surface of rice husk biochar at high temperature. It can adsorb mycotoxins and slowly release active substances with liver-protecting and antioxidant functions such as silymarin and anthocyanins. While adsorbing mycotoxins, it provides antioxidant repair and protection to the intestine.

[0016] (2) This invention uses rice husk biochar as a carrier to give the final product excellent dispersibility and flowability, and uses agricultural waste grape pomace, milk thistle straw and rice husk as the main raw materials, which is green, healthy and environmentally friendly.

[0017] (3) The present invention adds grape pomace, milk thistle straw, soybean peptide powder, chitosan oligosaccharide and rice husk biochar to the raw materials. Among them, grape pomace is a by-product of the winemaking process, mainly composed of grape skin, pulp, seeds and stems, and contains rich proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids, which have antioxidant activity; milk thistle straw is a by-product of the medicinal plant milk thistle, which provides molecules such as silybin and lignin with hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities, and also contains rich cellulose and hemicellulose; soybean peptide powder increases the nutritional value, chitosan oligosaccharide is a high-quality prebiotic that promotes feed absorption; rice husk biochar has a high surface area and porous structure, and has a good adsorption effect on mold.

[0018] (4) This invention utilizes the characteristic that the dielectric constant of subcritical water decreases significantly with increasing temperature by heating and pressurizing pure water to a subcritical state. In the first heating and pressurizing extraction, the temperature is raised to 120°C to make the polarity of subcritical water close to that of ethanol, thereby extracting silybin, small molecule phenolic acids and flavonoids with small molecular weight and high polarity from grape pomace and milk thistle straw. In the second heating and pressurizing extraction, the temperature is raised to 160°C to make the polarity of subcritical water close to that of methanol, thereby extracting proanthocyanidins and lignin with weak polarity and large molecular weight from grape pomace and milk thistle straw.

[0019] (5) In this invention, the temperature is raised to 60°C to allow chitosan oligosaccharide to react with soybean peptides. The aldehyde group on chitosan oligosaccharide has strong electrophilicity and will undergo glycoamine condensation reaction with the amino group of soybean peptide or chitosan oligosaccharide to form Schiff base. Due to the instability of Schiff base, it will generate more stable ketamine compounds through intramolecular rearrangement. Since soybean peptide and chitosan oligosaccharide are both multifunctional molecules, one molecule can react with multiple other molecules to form a three-dimensional polymer network connected by covalent bonds. Since the polyphenols in the composite extraction mother liquor are rich in phenolic hydroxyl groups, they will form a large number of hydrogen bonds with the peptide bonds of soybean peptide, the hydroxyl groups and amino groups of chitosan oligosaccharide. These hydrogen bonds interweave in the three-dimensional polymer network connected by covalent bonds, stabilizing the polymer network and thus forming a viscous gel-like shell component.

[0020] (6) In this invention, rice husk biochar is added to the substrate of a fluidized bed dryer and hot air is introduced to achieve a stable fluidized state. The shell components are atomized into droplets with an average particle size of 50-100 μm by controlling compressed air through a two-fluid nozzle and sprayed onto the fluidized rice husk biochar. The atomized shell components come into contact with the high-temperature rice husk biochar, and the water evaporates rapidly. At 80-150°C, the Schiff base generated by the glycoamine condensation reaction in the shell components undergoes further dehydration and condensation, and undergoes Amadori rearrangement to form a brown nitrogen-containing polymer similar to melanin. This polymer crosslinks with polyphenol polymers and peptide bonds on the surface of the rice husk biochar to form a dense and chemically stable shell structure. At the same time, during the rapid evaporation of water, substances such as silymarin and small molecular weight phenolic acids with good solubility will be enriched on the surface of the shell as water migrates. After entering the digestive tract, they will be released rapidly to exert antioxidant and liver-protective effects. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] One embodiment of this application discloses a plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 60-90 parts grape pomace, 20-30 parts milk thistle straw, 20-25 parts soybean peptide powder, 12-18 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 20-40 parts rice husk biochar.

[0024] In one embodiment of this application, the plant extract used to adsorb porcine mycotoxins comprises, by weight, the following raw materials: 70-80 parts grape pomace, 23-27 parts milk thistle straw, 22-24 parts soybean peptide powder, 14-16 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 25-35 parts rice husk biochar.

[0025] It is understood that the embodiments of this application include grape pomace, milk thistle straw, soybean peptide powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, and rice husk biochar in the raw materials. Grape pomace is a byproduct of the winemaking process, mainly composed of grape skins, pulp, seeds, and stems, and is rich in proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids, exhibiting antioxidant activity. Milk thistle straw is a byproduct of the medicinal plant milk thistle, providing hepatoprotective and antioxidant molecules such as silybin and lignin, while also containing abundant cellulose and hemicellulose. Soybean peptide powder increases nutritional value, and chitosan oligosaccharide, as a high-quality prebiotic, promotes feed absorption. Rice husk biochar has a high surface area and porous structure, exhibiting good adsorption of mold.

[0026] In one embodiment of this application, the plant extract used to adsorb porcine mycotoxins is a grayish-brown particle.

[0027] One embodiment of this application also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Mix grape pomace and milk thistle straw evenly, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with pure water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 w / v, add them to a high-pressure reactor, turn on the ultrasonic power at 800w and frequency at 25kHz to perform the first heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract A, add pure water to the remaining residue in the high-pressure reactor at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 w / v, turn off the ultrasonic power, perform the second heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract B, mix extract A and extract B to obtain the mother liquor; It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, pure water is heated and pressurized to a subcritical state. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the dielectric constant of subcritical water decreases significantly with increasing temperature, in the first heating and pressurization extraction, the temperature is raised to 120°C to make the polarity of subcritical water close to that of ethanol, thereby extracting silybin, small molecule phenolic acids, and flavonoids with smaller molecular weights and higher polarity from grape pomace and milk thistle stalks. In the second heating and pressurization extraction, the temperature is raised to 160°C to make the polarity of subcritical water close to that of methanol, thereby extracting proanthocyanidins and lignin with weaker polarity and larger molecular weights from grape pomace and milk thistle stalks.

[0028] Step 2, Preparation of shell components: The composite extraction mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60℃ and -0.08MPa to a solid content of 20% (w / w). Soybean peptide powder was added at 60℃ and stirred at 150rpm for 30min. Chitosan oligosaccharide was added and stirring was continued for 2h to obtain the shell components. Understandably, in this embodiment, by raising the temperature to 60°C, chitosan oligosaccharide reacts with soybean peptides. Due to their strong electrophilicity, the aldehyde groups on chitosan oligosaccharide undergo glycoamine condensation with the amino groups of soybean peptides or chitosan oligosaccharide itself to form Schiff bases. Due to the instability of Schiff bases, they can generate more stable ketone amine compounds through intramolecular rearrangement. Since both soybean peptides and chitosan oligosaccharide are multifunctional molecules, one molecule can react with multiple other molecules to form a three-dimensional polymer network connected by covalent bonds. Since the polyphenols in the composite extraction mother liquor are rich in phenolic hydroxyl groups, they form a large number of hydrogen bonds with the peptide bonds of soybean peptides, the hydroxyl groups and amino groups of chitosan oligosaccharide. These hydrogen bonds interweave in the three-dimensional polymer network connected by covalent bonds, stabilizing the polymer network and thus forming a viscous gel-like shell component.

[0029] Step 3: Add rice husk biochar to the bottom of the fluidized bed dryer, and use a peristaltic pump to deliver the shell components to a two-fluid nozzle located above the fluidized bed, spraying them onto the rice husk biochar. After drying, use a cyclone separator to separate the components and obtain a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins.

[0030] Understandably, in this embodiment, rice husk biochar is added to the substrate of a fluidized bed dryer, and hot air is introduced to achieve a stable fluidized state. Compressed air is controlled using a two-fluid nozzle to atomize the shell components into droplets with an average particle size of 50-100 μm, which are then sprayed onto the fluidized rice husk biochar. The atomized shell components come into contact with the high-temperature rice husk biochar, causing rapid evaporation of moisture. At 80-150°C, the Schiff bases generated by the glycosamine condensation reaction in the shell components undergo further dehydration and condensation, resulting in Amadori rearrangement and the formation of a melanin-like brown nitrogen-containing polymer. This polymer cross-links with polyphenol polymers and peptide bonds on the surface of the rice husk biochar, forming a dense and chemically stable shell structure. Simultaneously, during the rapid evaporation of moisture, substances with good solubility and low molecular weight, such as silymarin and small molecule phenolic acids, accumulate on the surface of the shell as moisture migrates. These substances are rapidly released after entering the digestive tract, exerting antioxidant and liver-protective effects.

[0031] In one embodiment of this application, the mass ratio of grape pomace to milk thistle stalks is 3:1.

[0032] In one embodiment of this application, the conditions for the first heating and pressurizing extraction in step one are: reacting at 120°C and 2.0 MPa for 30 min.

[0033] In one embodiment of this application, the extraction of the second heating and pressurizing reaction in step one is carried out at 160°C and 5.0 MPa for 45 min.

[0034] Preferably, the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is 150°C and the outlet air temperature is 80°C.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, the droplet size ejected from the two-fluid nozzle in step three is controlled to be 50~100μm.

[0036] One embodiment of this application also protects a feed containing the above-mentioned plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins, wherein the amount of plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins in the feed is 0.5% to 0.8% (w / w).

[0037] Example 1 This embodiment prepares a plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, which, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 75 parts grape pomace, 25 parts milk thistle straw, 23 parts soybean peptide powder, 15 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 30 parts rice husk biochar.

[0038] The method for preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix grape pomace and milk thistle straw evenly, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with pure water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 w / v, add them to a high-pressure reactor, turn on the ultrasonic power at 800w and frequency at 25kHz to perform the first heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract A, add pure water to the remaining residue in the high-pressure reactor at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 w / v, turn off the ultrasonic power, perform the second heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract B, mix extract A and extract B to obtain the mother liquor; Step 2, Preparation of shell components: The composite extraction mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60℃ and -0.08MPa to a solid content of 20% (w / w). Soybean peptide powder was added at 60℃ and stirred at 150rpm for 30min. Chitosan oligosaccharide was added and stirring was continued for 2h to obtain the shell components. Step 3: Add rice husk biochar to the bottom of the fluidized bed dryer, and use a peristaltic pump to deliver the shell components to a two-fluid nozzle located above the fluidized bed, spraying them onto the rice husk biochar. After drying, use a cyclone separator to separate the components and obtain a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins.

[0039] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of grape pomace to milk thistle stalks is 3:1.

[0040] In this embodiment, the conditions for the first heating and pressurizing extraction in step one are: reaction at 120°C and 2.0 MPa for 30 min.

[0041] In this embodiment, the extraction of the second heating and pressurizing reaction in step one is carried out at 160°C and 5.0 MPa for 45 min.

[0042] In this embodiment, the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is 150°C and the outlet air temperature is 80°C.

[0043] In this embodiment, the droplet size ejected from the two-fluid nozzle in step three is controlled to be 50~100μm.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment prepares a plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, which, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 60 parts grape pomace, 30 parts milk thistle straw, 25 parts soybean peptide powder, 12 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 35 parts rice husk biochar.

[0045] The method for preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix grape pomace and milk thistle straw evenly, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with pure water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 w / v, add them to a high-pressure reactor, turn on the ultrasonic power at 800w and frequency at 25kHz to perform the first heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract A, add pure water to the remaining residue in the high-pressure reactor at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 w / v, turn off the ultrasonic power, perform the second heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract B, mix extract A and extract B to obtain the mother liquor; Step 2, Preparation of shell components: The composite extraction mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60℃ and -0.08MPa to a solid content of 20% (w / w). Soybean peptide powder was added at 60℃ and stirred at 150rpm for 30min. Chitosan oligosaccharide was added and stirring was continued for 2h to obtain the shell components. Step 3: Add rice husk biochar to the bottom of the fluidized bed dryer, and use a peristaltic pump to deliver the shell components to a two-fluid nozzle located above the fluidized bed, spraying them onto the rice husk biochar. After drying, use a cyclone separator to separate the components and obtain a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins.

[0046] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of grape pomace to milk thistle stalks is 3:1.

[0047] In this embodiment, the conditions for the first heating and pressurizing extraction in step one are: reaction at 120°C and 2.0 MPa for 30 min.

[0048] In this embodiment, the extraction of the second heating and pressurizing reaction in step one is carried out at 160°C and 5.0 MPa for 45 min.

[0049] In this embodiment, the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is 150°C and the outlet air temperature is 80°C.

[0050] In this embodiment, the droplet size ejected from the two-fluid nozzle in step three is controlled to be 50~100μm.

[0051] Example 3 This embodiment prepares a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins, which, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 90 parts grape pomace, 20 parts milk thistle straw, 25 parts soybean peptide powder, 18 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 25 parts rice husk biochar.

[0052] The method for preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix grape pomace and milk thistle straw evenly, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with pure water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 w / v, add them to a high-pressure reactor, turn on the ultrasonic power at 800w and frequency at 25kHz to perform the first heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract A, add pure water to the remaining residue in the high-pressure reactor at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 w / v, turn off the ultrasonic power, perform the second heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract B, mix extract A and extract B to obtain the mother liquor; Step 2, Preparation of shell components: The composite extraction mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60℃ and -0.08MPa to a solid content of 20% (w / w). Soybean peptide powder was added at 60℃ and stirred at 150rpm for 30min. Chitosan oligosaccharide was added and stirring was continued for 2h to obtain the shell components. Step 3: Add rice husk biochar to the bottom of the fluidized bed dryer, and use a peristaltic pump to deliver the shell components to a two-fluid nozzle located above the fluidized bed, spraying them onto the rice husk biochar. After drying, use a cyclone separator to separate the components and obtain a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins.

[0053] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of grape pomace to milk thistle stalks is 3:1.

[0054] In this embodiment, the conditions for the first heating and pressurizing extraction in step one are: reaction at 120°C and 2.0 MPa for 30 min.

[0055] In this embodiment, the extraction of the second heating and pressurizing reaction in step one is carried out at 160°C and 5.0 MPa for 45 min.

[0056] In this embodiment, the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is 150°C and the outlet air temperature is 80°C.

[0057] In this embodiment, the droplet size ejected from the two-fluid nozzle in step three is controlled to be 50~100μm.

[0058] Comparative Example 1 In this embodiment, grape pomace is not added when preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins; otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 2 In this embodiment, milk thistle straw is not added when preparing the plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins; otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 3 In this embodiment, soybean peptide powder is not added when preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins; otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 4 In this embodiment, chitosan oligosaccharide is not added when preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins; otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 5 In this embodiment, when preparing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, ethanol is used instead of pure water in step one, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 6 Mycofix®, derived from Biomin, is a commercially available compound mycotoxin adsorbent with modified montmorillonite and yeast cell walls as its main components.

[0064] Performance testing was conducted by adding plant extracts used to adsorb porcine mycotoxins from the examples and comparative cases to pig feed.

[0065] One hundred healthy, multiparous sows of similar parity were randomly divided into 10 groups of 10 sows each. All sows were fed a normal basal diet and allowed to acclimate to the environment for 7 days. From day 30 of gestation until farrowing, they were fed a slightly moldy basal diet. The example group was supplemented with 0.5% (w / w) of the corresponding Example 1-3 products, the comparative group was supplemented with 0.5% (w / w) of the corresponding Comparative Example 1-6 products, and the control group was supplemented with 0.5% (w / w) physiological saline. All sows had free access to water. The farrowing rate, average number of live piglets per litter, and average birth weight per litter were recorded for each group. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0066] As can be seen from Table 1, the farrowing rate of the example group was significantly higher, and the average birth weight per litter was significantly increased, indicating that the product of the present invention can significantly improve the reproductive performance of sows affected by mycotoxins.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 60-90 parts grape pomace, 20-30 parts milk thistle straw, 20-25 parts soybean peptide powder, 12-18 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 20-40 parts rice husk biochar.

2. The plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 70-80 parts grape pomace, 23-27 parts milk thistle straw, 22-24 parts soybean peptide powder, 14-16 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, and 25-35 parts rice husk biochar.

3. The plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant extract used to adsorb porcine mycotoxins is in the form of grayish-brown granules.

4. A method for preparing a plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Mix grape pomace and milk thistle straw evenly, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with pure water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 w / v, add them to a high-pressure reactor, turn on the ultrasonic power at 800w and frequency at 25kHz to perform the first heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract A, add pure water to the remaining residue in the high-pressure reactor at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 w / v, turn off the ultrasonic power, perform the second heating and pressurization extraction, collect extract B, mix extract A and extract B to obtain the mother liquor; Step 2, Preparation of shell components: The composite extraction mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60℃ and -0.08MPa to a solid content of 20% (w / w). Soybean peptide powder was added at 60℃ and stirred at 150rpm for 30min. Chitosan oligosaccharide was added and stirring was continued for 2h to obtain the shell components. Step 3: Add rice husk biochar to the bottom of the fluidized bed dryer, and use a peristaltic pump to deliver the shell components to a two-fluid nozzle located above the fluidized bed, spraying them onto the rice husk biochar. After drying, use a cyclone separator to separate the components and obtain a plant extract for adsorbing swine mycotoxins.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass ratio of grape pomace to milk thistle stalks is 3:

1.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conditions for the first heating and pressurization extraction described in step one are: reaction at 120℃ and 2.0MPa for 30 minutes.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The extraction process described in step one, involving a second heating and pressurization reaction, is carried out at 160°C and 5.0 MPa for 45 minutes.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is 150°C, and the outlet air temperature is 80°C.

9. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step three, the droplet size ejected from the two-fluid nozzle is controlled to be 50~100μm.

10. A feed containing the plant extract for adsorbing porcine mycotoxins as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The amount of plant extract added to the feed for adsorbing swine mycotoxins is 0.5% to 0.8% (w / w).

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