Bimodal portable intestinal tract monitoring system based on borborygmus and intestinal electric signals

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible wearable monitoring system based on borborygmus and intestinal electric signals, which comprises N flexible circuit boards arranged on the abdominal skin, each flexible circuit board is provided with a borborygmus acquisition module and an intestinal electric acquisition module, wherein the borborygmus acquisition module acquires a borborygmus signal and an external sound signal through two microphones which are arranged back to back, the intestinal electricity acquisition module acquires an intestinal electricity signal through a snake-shaped electrode array which is engraved by laser, and the snake-shaped electrode array is composed of three snake-shaped electrodes which are distributed at an angle of 120 degrees. And the signal receiving and analyzing module is used for realizing comprehensive judgment and anomaly detection of the small intestine function state by fusing and analyzing the intestinal electric signal, the borborygmus signal and the external sound signal and combining meal state evaluation and postoperative recovery monitoring. The defect that the information amount is insufficient when the intestinal function is detected through a single signal can be overcome, so that more comprehensive and accurate monitoring of intestinal peristalsis is achieved, and the problem that an existing intestinal monitoring technology is insufficient in accuracy is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intestinal monitoring technology, specifically relating to a dual-modal portable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and intestinal electrical signals. Background Technology

[0002] Bowel sounds, the intermittent gurgling sounds produced by the flow of gas and fluid within the intestinal lumen during peristalsis, are a key physiological indicator for assessing intestinal function. Abnormal changes in bowel sounds, including alterations in frequency, pitch, and intensity, usually indicate intestinal dysfunction or organic lesions. For example, hyperactive bowel sounds are common in patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction, while decreased or absent bowel sounds are often associated with acute peritonitis or paralytic ileus. Dynamic monitoring and analysis of bowel sound characteristics can effectively aid in determining the severity and pathological type of disease, providing important objective evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

[0003] Intelligent bowel sound monitoring technology has become increasingly mature. CN117159019B discloses a bowel sound-based monitoring system that selectively activates specific areas through multiple abdominal detection units for monitoring; CN112754516B discloses an intelligent bowel sound localization and acquisition device, including a localization acquisition system and an intelligent monitoring system; CN111388003B discloses a flexible electronic stethoscope device that achieves sound source localization through multi-signal processing. However, existing technologies have the following shortcomings: relying solely on bowel sound signals, the signals become weak or even disappear when the patient fasts or intestinal contents decrease, making it impossible to accurately assess intestinal function; and the lack of multimodal monitoring methods means that sound signals alone cannot comprehensively reflect the state of intestinal peristalsis. Gastrointestinal electrography (GEG) records the electromyographic activity of the gastrointestinal tract using abdominal electrodes. This activity is primarily composed of slow waves spontaneously generated by Cajal interstitial cells (ICCs) in the smooth muscle layer of the intestinal wall. The GEG signal directly reflects the electrical driving mechanism of intestinal peristalsis. In the prior art, Chinese patent CN104720801B discloses a wireless gastrointestinal electrotopographic recording device, employing an in vivo detection capsule and an external signal processing device. The capsule contains electrodes, an amplifier, a processor, and a wireless transmitter, and uses magnets to control the capsule's position to acquire gastric GEG signals and generate a topographic map. Chinese patent CN115553928A discloses a gastrointestinal electrophysiological signal detection device, including an acquisition module, a central control module, a feature calculation module, a display module, and a storage module, which acquires and processes gastrointestinal GEG signals through electrodes. Although the above-mentioned GEG technologies can effectively measure GEG signals, they still have significant limitations: the devices are usually large, resulting in poor portability; and the measurement process must be performed in specific medical institutions, lacking flexibility. In particular, multi-lead monitoring devices, with their complex electrode connection systems, severely restrict patients' daily activities and normal lives, making long-term monitoring difficult to implement and hindering the continuous assessment and management of chronic intestinal diseases.

[0004] Current intestinal monitoring technologies have significant limitations. First, bowel sound monitoring can only reflect intestinal peristalsis from a single perspective, making it difficult to achieve continuous and accurate monitoring throughout the entire disease process. Second, intestinal electrophysiological (EMG) monitoring devices generally use rigid casings with complex electrode connections, severely restricting patients' freedom of movement and hindering long-term continuous monitoring. Current bowel sound monitoring devices are mostly rigid structures, with flexible wearable designs being rare. Furthermore, most devices in the field of EMG monitoring are complex to operate, bulky, and require professional personnel to operate, making it difficult to meet daily real-time monitoring needs. In addition, bowel sound and EMG signal monitoring devices have not yet been integrated. When used separately, they not only require the assistance of multiple medical staff, increasing the burden on users and consuming medical resources, but also, due to differences in the monitoring areas and asynchronous start-up times of the two systems, the signals cannot be aligned in the time dimension, affecting the accuracy of intestinal peristalsis status assessment.

[0005] In signal processing, bowel sound signals and bowel electrophysiological signals require different processing methods due to their different physical characteristics. Current technologies typically process the two types of signals separately, discarding data segments when interference or poor signal quality is encountered. This separation mechanism leads to a misalignment of the two signals in the temporal dimension, preventing them from jointly reflecting the complete state of intestinal peristalsis within the same time window. This limits the realization of multimodal signal fusion analysis and affects the accurate diagnosis and effective assessment of intestinal diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by proposing a dual-modal portable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals. This system aims to overcome the deficiency of insufficient information when detecting intestinal function with a single signal, thereby enabling more comprehensive and accurate monitoring of intestinal peristalsis information.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention discloses a flexible wearable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and intestinal electrical signals, characterized in that it includes N flexible circuit boards disposed on the abdominal skin and an external signal receiving and analysis module; wherein, the first flexible circuit board is disposed in the duodenum region, the second flexible circuit board is disposed in the middle jejunum region, and the third flexible circuit board is disposed in the middle ileum region. ; Each flexible circuit board is equipped with a bowel sound acquisition module and a bowel electrophysiological acquisition module. In this module, the bowel sound acquisition module on any i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's bowel sound signals over a period of time through two microphones placed back-to-back. and external sound signals And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module; wherein, express The first moment Bowel sound signals collected by a flexible circuit board. Represents the first time at time t The external sound signal collected by a flexible circuit board, where T represents the total duration; The bowel electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition module on the i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's ECG signals during the same time period through a laser-engraved serpentine electrode array. And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module, and the serpentine electrode array consists of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees; wherein, express The first moment Intestinal electrical signals from a flexible circuit board; No. The bottom center area of ​​a flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a first soft material and then adheres to the surface of the abdominal skin. No. After the surface of a flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a second flexible material, a third flexible material is provided on the upper surface of the second flexible material, and it is fixed to the user's abdominal skin in conjunction with medical tape; The signal receiving and analysis module is used to display the bowel sound signal and the bowel electrophysiological signal in real time, analyze the bowel electrophysiological signal, bowel sound signal and external sound signal to obtain the total number of bowel sound events and the total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow wave peak of the bowel electrophysiological signal, and use it to determine the functional state of the small intestine.

[0008] The flexible wearable monitoring system of the present invention is also characterized in that the signal receiving and analysis module realizes comprehensive discrimination and abnormal detection of small intestinal function status through the following steps: Step 1, put the first A flexible circuit board The vector of the observed signal acquired at each time point is denoted as ; Step 2, for the first A flexible circuit board for bowel sound signals and external sound signals Processing is performed to obtain the first On a flexible circuit board Identify individual bowel sound events, and then obtain the total number of bowel sound events for N circuit boards. ; Step 3, from Remove from noisy time range The signal inside the intestine was used to obtain the filtered intestinal electrical signals. and to Perform signal preprocessing to obtain the first The total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. Thus, the total number of peak intestinal electrophysiological values ​​on N circuit boards is obtained. ; Step 4, based on and Perform step 5 to assess the small bowel function status after the meal, or perform step 6 to assess the small bowel function status after surgery.

[0009] Furthermore, step 2 includes: Step 2.1, respectively for and The bowel sound signal is obtained by sequentially performing bandpass filtering and normalization. and pre-processed external sound signals ;in, express The first moment Bowel sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board. express The first moment External sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board; Step 2.2, for Intensity analysis is performed; if the intensity exceeds a set intensity threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a noise time range. ; and from Delete the noise within the specified time range The internal signals are used to obtain the filtered bowel sound signals. ;in, The total duration after filtering, and express The first moment The bowel sound signal after screening by a flexible circuit board; Step 2.3, for Adaptive spectral subtraction denoising was performed to obtain the denoised bowel sound signal time series. ;in, express The first moment The bowel sound signal after noise reduction using a flexible circuit board; Step 2.4, for Perform frame segmentation processing to obtain the data from the original text. A sequence of bowel sound signal frames consisting of 1 signal frames ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One bowel sound signal frame; Step 2.5, calculate separately short-term energy and zero crossing rate ,when and At that time, the judgment For quasi-bowel sound events, among which, For adjustable energy coefficient, To estimate the baseline energy by analyzing silent segments of the signal, Zero-crossing rate threshold; Step 2.6: When the time interval between two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events is less than a preset time threshold... At that time, two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events are merged into a single bowel sound event, ultimately yielding the first... On each circuit board One bowel sound event.

[0010] Furthermore, step 3 includes: Step 3.1: Use a third-order polynomial fitting method to... After detrending, bandpass filtering and normalization are performed to obtain the noise-reduced electroenteric signal. ,in, express The first moment Noise-reduced intestinal electrical signals on a flexible circuit board; Step 3.2: Use an adaptive threshold peak detection algorithm to process the denoised electroenteric signal. Perform BER slow wave peak identification to obtain the first The peak point set of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One peak point, For the first The total number of peaks detected on each flexible circuit board.

[0011] Furthermore, the assessment of small intestinal function in step 5 includes: Step 5.1: Obtain the pre-meal time period Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity Get the time period after the meal Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity ,in, This is mealtime, among which, , These represent the start time of measurement before the meal and the end time of measurement after the meal, respectively. Step 5.2: Divide the positions of the N circuit boards into three functional zones according to the physiological location of the human small intestine, including: the duodenal region, the jejunal region, and the ileal region; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the duodenal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The number of circuit boards in the duodenal region; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the jejunal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The total number of circuit boards in the duodenal and jejunal regions; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the ileum region. and total intestinal electrical activity ; The total number of all circuit boards, and ; Step 5.3: Calculate the change in the number of bowel sound events using equations (1) and (2) respectively. and the change in the number of peak intestinal electrical signals : (1) (2) and The number of bowel sound events across all circuit boards is divided into postprandial and preprandial time periods. and This represents the total peak intestinal electrical activity across all circuit boards during the pre-meal and post-meal periods. The bowel sound response enhancement rate of the k-th region was calculated using equation (3). : (3) In equation (3), This is the reference value for pre-meal bowel sounds in the k-th region. The intestinal electrical response enhancement rate of the k-th region was calculated using equation (4). : (4) In equation (4), This is the pre-meal gut electrical reference value for the k-th region. ; Step 5.4, Determination of small intestinal functional status: when and and and and and and and At that time, the postprandial small intestine function was determined to be normal. Otherwise, the postprandial small intestine function is judged to be abnormal; among which, The threshold for changes in bowel sounds. The threshold for changes in intestinal electrical activity. , , The threshold values ​​for bowel sound response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal regions. , , The threshold values ​​for the intestinal electrical response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal region, jejunal region, and ileal region.

[0012] Furthermore, the postoperative assessment of small bowel function in step 6 includes: Step 6.1, Measure the postoperative day Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board and the preoperative period Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board And calculate the first Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ; Step 6.2: Following the process in Step 6.1, obtain the postoperative result. Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ; Step 6.3, when and At that time, the small bowel function was judged to have returned to normal after the operation. when and At that time, the postoperative small bowel function was determined to be abnormally recovered.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention employs a flexible system design, integrating a flexible circuit board, a MEMS microphone, and a serpentine electrode array to achieve simultaneous acquisition of bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals. The system is compact, and the flexible packaging enhances biocompatibility and wearing comfort, significantly improving the problems of large size, poor portability, and complex electrode connections of existing devices. It facilitates daily wear and long-term dynamic monitoring for patients and is suitable for intestinal function assessment in various scenarios.

[0014] 2. This invention addresses the physical differences between bowel sounds and electrogastric signals by designing multi-level signal processing methods, and simultaneously processing both types of signals within the same time window. Through noise suppression, feature extraction, and event recognition, signal alignment and fusion are achieved, overcoming the problems of signal separation and time misalignment in existing technologies, and significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of signal analysis.

[0015] 3. This invention establishes a comprehensive analysis method for small intestinal function based on synchronously acquired bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals. Through multi-dimensional statistics and dynamic trend analysis, it achieves real-time and comprehensive assessment of small intestinal function, overcoming the shortcomings of insufficient information from single signal detection, and providing a scientific basis for intestinal health monitoring and disease early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the layout of the intestinal monitoring system of the invention in the user's abdominal region; Figure 2 A simplified schematic diagram of the module connection relationship for the invention of a flexible monitoring device based on bowel sounds and bowel electrocardiogram signals; Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the flexible intestinal monitoring system of the invention; Figure 4 The invention is intended to be a flexible serpentine array; Figure 5 This is a structurally exploded schematic diagram of the flexible intestinal monitoring system of the invention. Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the operation process of the intestinal monitoring system of the invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the noise reduction of bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals for the invention; Figure 8 The invention provides a comprehensive judgment and abnormal detection map of small intestinal functional status based on the fusion analysis of bowel sounds and intestinal electrical signals. Detailed Implementation

[0017] In this embodiment, a flexible wearable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and intestinal electrical signals includes N flexible circuit boards disposed on the abdominal skin and an external signal receiving and analysis module. Figure 1 The deployment scheme of the intestinal monitoring system in the user's abdominal region is demonstrated. The system adopts a modular design, and the detection units can be flexibly configured according to clinical needs. Specifically, the first flexible circuit board is located in the duodenum region, the second in the mid-jejunum region, and the third in the mid-ileum region. The system supports the addition of auxiliary monitoring points in key areas such as the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon.

[0018] Each flexible circuit board is equipped with a bowel sound acquisition module and a bowel electrophysiological acquisition module. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the module connections for a flexible intestinal monitoring device based on bowel sounds and electrogastric signals is shown. The device includes: a bowel sound acquisition module 10, comprising two MEMS microphones arranged back-to-back: one microphone faces the abdomen to collect bowel sound signals, and the other faces the external environment to collect background noise. The two microphones are electrically connected to a flexible circuit board template 30. An electrogastric signal acquisition module 20 includes three serpentine electrode array patches, connected to the flexible circuit board template 30 via flexible serpentine wires. The three serpentine electrodes serve as the positive electrode, ground electrode, and reference electrode, respectively.

[0019] Figure 3A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a flexible intestinal monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The flexible intestinal monitoring system consists of a central circular region and an intestinal electrophysiological monitoring module. The bowel sound monitoring module is placed in the central region. The intestinal electrophysiological monitoring module contains three serpentine electrodes connected to the central region by flexible wires, distributed at a 120-degree angle to form a circular monitoring area to ensure detection stability.

[0020] In this module, the bowel sound acquisition module on any i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's bowel sound signals over a period of time through two microphones placed back-to-back. and external sound signals The signal is then sent to the signal receiving and analysis module. A silicone rubber insulating layer is provided between the two microphones to prevent friction noise and external sound signals. Provides a reference for noise cancellation; among which, express The first moment Bowel sound signals collected by a flexible circuit board. Represents the first time at time t The external sound signal collected by a flexible circuit board, where T represents the total duration.

[0021] The bowel electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition module on the i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's ECG signals during the same time period through a laser-engraved serpentine electrode array. And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module, and the serpentine electrode array consists of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees; wherein, express The first moment The flexible circuit board transmits electroencephalogram (EEG) signals; the serpentine electrode array is fabricated using a laser engraving process. The fabrication process involves coating a glass substrate with PDMS material and thermally curing it at 70°C. A 10μm thick metal film (such as copper or gold) is then laminated onto the PDMS surface. The serpentine electrode structure is designed using software, and a serpentine pattern is formed on the metal film using CO2 laser cutting technology. After cutting, the serpentine electrode array is peeled off and fixed onto medical 3M tape, ensuring full contact with the skin. The flexible serpentine array is soldered to the flexible circuit board to form a signal acquisition path. The electronic component module is encapsulated in a flexible material, with backing on the top and top to provide stable adhesion and support, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0022] The flexible circuit board module 30 connects to the bowel sound acquisition module 10 and the electrocolic (ECG) acquisition module 20 via a multi-channel analog front-end chip, synchronously acquiring and differentially amplifying the signals to ensure consistency in the time series of the dual-channel data. Data is transmitted to the main control unit for processing via the SPI protocol and then transmitted to the mobile client via Bluetooth Low Energy. This module consists of a flexible polyimide substrate and flexible copper conductive circuitry, integrating all functional modules. The module integrates the acquisition module, chip, peripheral circuitry, and lithium battery using a reflow soldering process.

[0023] The flexible circuit board's encapsulation comprises four layers: a waterproof protective layer, a main encapsulation layer, a replaceable adhesive layer, and a flexible backing. The waterproof protective layer provides insulation; the main encapsulation layer uses biocompatible materials to encapsulate the functional modules; the replaceable adhesive layer uses different types of flexible materials for easy replacement after prolonged wear, ensuring the device maintains an ideal fit. The flexible backing covers the central area of ​​the circuit board and uses a composite structure of medical tape and adhesive flexible materials, with an extended portion that adheres to the skin, both securing the device and ensuring breathability. Figure 5 As shown.

[0024] No. The entire flexible circuit board is coated with a 20wt% PVB solution and then heat-cured to form a waterproof protective layer.

[0025] The main encapsulation layer is made of flexible material II, which is cast using a 3D printed PLA mold: the flexible material II is poured into the mold and pre-cured at 40°C for 20 minutes, then placed in the... After pouring the second layer of material onto the flexible circuit board, it was completely cured at 60°C for 1 hour.

[0026] No. The bottom central region of the flexible circuit board is encapsulated by a first flexible material, serving as a replaceable adhesive layer for adhesion to the abdominal skin. The underlying structure of this central region consists of two flexible materials: the central area uses a highly adhesive first flexible material to ensure a tight fit between the core monitoring area and the skin; the surrounding area uses a second flexible material with excellent elasticity to improve overall wearing comfort. These two materials form an integrated structure through covalent bonds during the curing process, balancing monitoring accuracy and wearing comfort. To address the issue of adhesion degradation in wearable devices over time, this design employs a modular replacement scheme: when adhesion decreases, the user can remove the adhesive material in the bottom center and recast it for replacement, thus ensuring the device maintains ideal adhesion and extending the system's lifespan.

[0027] No. After the surface of the flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a second flexible material, a backing layer is applied to fix the first flexible circuit board. A flexible circuit board, specifically comprising a third flexible material disposed on the upper surface of a second flexible material, which is fixed to the user's abdominal skin in conjunction with medical tape; a flexible backing is made by CNC cutting a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet according to the circuit board contour, and then applying the third flexible material to the surface of the sheet through a spin coating process, followed by covering with medical 3M tape and heat treatment for curing, thereby transferring the third flexible material to the tape surface. The backing module adopts a regional adhesion strategy: the tape area coated with flexible material is attached to the circuit board, while the uncoated area is in direct contact with the skin.

[0028] Figure 6 The operation procedure of the intestinal monitoring system was demonstrated. Before operation, the patient's abdominal skin was cleaned with medical alcohol to remove surface oils and dirt, and to eliminate high-impedance layers to ensure effective electrical signal conduction. The system was attached to the abdomen in a center-outward sequence: first, the central bowel sound monitoring module was attached, then the three flexible electrode arrays were attached in sequence, and finally, it was fixed with a backing. After the system was started, bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals were collected synchronously and transmitted in real time to a host computer for signal processing via Bluetooth Low Energy.

[0029] The signal receiving and analysis module 40 is used to receive bowel sound and bowel electrophysiological signal data transmitted by the flexible circuit board module 30 in real time, and to present waveform changes in real time through a mobile client platform. It analyzes the bowel electrophysiological signals, bowel sound signals, and external sound signals to obtain the total number of bowel sound events and the total peak value of the BER slow wave peak of the bowel electrophysiological signal, which is used to determine the functional state of the small intestine, including: Step 1, put the first A flexible circuit board The vector of the observed signal acquired at each time point is denoted as ; Step 2, for the first A flexible circuit board for bowel sound signals and external sound signals Processing is performed to obtain the first On a flexible circuit board Identify individual bowel sound events, and then obtain the total number of bowel sound events for N circuit boards. ; Step 2.1, respectively for and The bowel sound signal is obtained by sequentially performing bandpass filtering and normalization. and pre-processed external sound signals ;in, express The first moment Bowel sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board. express The first moment External sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board; Step 2.2, for Intensity analysis is performed; if the intensity exceeds a set intensity threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a noise time range. ; and from Delete the noise within the specified time range The internal signals are used to obtain the filtered bowel sound signals. ;in, The total duration after filtering, and express The first moment The bowel sound signal after screening by a flexible circuit board; Step 2.3, for Adaptive spectral subtraction denoising was performed to obtain the denoised bowel sound signal time series. ;in, express The first moment The bowel sound signal after noise reduction using a flexible circuit board. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of bowel sound signal noise reduction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Step 2.4, for Perform frame segmentation processing to obtain the data from the original text. A sequence of bowel sound signal frames consisting of 1 signal frames ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One bowel sound signal frame ; Step 2.5, calculate separately short-term energy and zero crossing rate ,when and At that time, the judgment For quasi-bowel sound events, among which, For adjustable energy coefficient, To estimate the baseline energy by analyzing silent segments of the signal, Zero-crossing rate threshold; Step 2.6: When the time interval between two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events is less than a preset time threshold... At that time, two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events are merged into a single bowel sound event, ultimately yielding the first... On each circuit board One bowel sound event.

[0031] Step 3, from Remove from noisy time range The signal inside the intestine was used to obtain the filtered intestinal electrical signals. and to Perform signal preprocessing to obtain the first The total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. Thus, the total number of peak intestinal electrophysiological values ​​on N circuit boards is obtained. ; Step 3.1: Use a third-order polynomial fitting method to... After detrending, bandpass filtering and normalization are performed to obtain the noise-reduced electroenteric signal. ,in, express The first moment Noise-reduced intestinal electrical signals on a flexible circuit board; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of intestinal electroencephalogram (EEG) noise reduction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Step 3.2: Use an adaptive threshold peak detection algorithm to process the denoised electroenteric signal. Perform BER slow wave peak identification to obtain the first The peak point set of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One peak point, For the first The total number of peaks detected on each flexible circuit board.

[0033] Step 4, based on and Perform step 5 to assess the small bowel function status after the meal, or perform step 6 to assess the small bowel function status after surgery.

[0034] Step 5, as follows Figure 8 As shown, the assessment of small bowel function status after a meal includes: comprehensive judgment and abnormal detection of small bowel function status through fusion analysis of bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals. Step 5.1: Obtain the pre-meal time period Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity Get the time period after the meal Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity ,in, This is mealtime, among which, , These represent the start time of measurement before the meal and the end time of measurement after the meal, respectively. Step 5.2: Divide the positions of the N circuit boards into three functional zones according to the physiological location of the human small intestine, including: the duodenal region, the jejunal region, and the ileal region; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the duodenal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The number of circuit boards in the duodenal region; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the jejunal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The total number of circuit boards in the duodenal and jejunal regions; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the ileum region. and total intestinal electrical activity ; The total number of all circuit boards, and ; Step 5.3: Calculate the change in the number of bowel sound events using equations (1) and (2) respectively. and the change in the number of peak intestinal electrical signals : (1) (2) and The number of bowel sound events across all circuit boards is divided into postprandial and preprandial time periods. and This represents the total peak intestinal electrical activity across all circuit boards during the pre-meal and post-meal periods. The bowel sound response enhancement rate of the k-th region was calculated using equation (3). : (3) In equation (3), This is the reference value for pre-meal bowel sounds in the k-th region. The intestinal electrical response enhancement rate of the k-th region was calculated using equation (4). : (4) In equation (4), This is the pre-meal gut electrical reference value for the k-th region. ; Step 5.4, Determination of small intestinal functional status: when and and and and and and and At that time, the postprandial small intestine function was determined to be normal. Otherwise, the postprandial small intestine function is judged to be abnormal; among which, The threshold for changes in bowel sounds. The threshold for changes in intestinal electrical activity. , , The threshold values ​​for bowel sound response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal regions. , , The threshold values ​​for the intestinal electrical response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal region, jejunal region, and ileal region.

[0035] Step 6: Postoperative assessment of small bowel function includes: Step 6.1, Measure the postoperative day Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board and the preoperative period Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board And calculate the first Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ; Step 6.2: Following the process in Step 6.1, obtain the postoperative result. Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ; Step 6.3, when and At that time, the small bowel function was judged to have returned to normal after the operation. when and At that time, the postoperative small bowel function was determined to be abnormally recovered.

Claims

1. A flexible wearable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and intestinal electrical signals, characterized in that, This includes N flexible circuit boards mounted on the abdominal skin and an external signal receiving and analysis module; wherein, the first flexible circuit board is located in the duodenum region, the second flexible circuit board is located in the middle jejunum region, and the third flexible circuit board is located in the middle ileum region. ; Each flexible circuit board is equipped with a bowel sound acquisition module and a bowel electrophysiological acquisition module. In this module, the bowel sound acquisition module on any i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's bowel sound signals over a period of time through two microphones placed back-to-back. and external sound signals And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module; wherein, express The first moment Bowel sound signals collected by a flexible circuit board. Represents the first time at time t The external sound signal collected by a flexible circuit board, where T represents the total duration; The bowel electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition module on the i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's ECG signals during the same time period through a laser-engraved serpentine electrode array. And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module, and the serpentine electrode array consists of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees; wherein, express The first moment Intestinal electrical signals from a flexible circuit board; No. The bottom center area of ​​a flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a first soft material and then adheres to the surface of the abdominal skin. No. After the surface of a flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a second flexible material, a third flexible material is provided on the upper surface of the second flexible material, and it is fixed to the user's abdominal skin in conjunction with medical tape; The signal receiving and analysis module is used to display the bowel sound signal and the bowel electrophysiological signal in real time, analyze the bowel electrophysiological signal, bowel sound signal and external sound signal to obtain the total number of bowel sound events and the total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow wave peak of the bowel electrophysiological signal, and use it to determine the functional state of the small intestine.

2. The flexible wearable monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal receiving and analysis module achieves comprehensive judgment and abnormal detection of small bowel function status through the following steps: Step 1, put the first A flexible circuit board The vector of the observed signal acquired at each time point is denoted as ; Step 2, for the first A flexible circuit board for bowel sound signals and external sound signals Processing is performed to obtain the first On a flexible circuit board Identify individual bowel sound events, and then obtain the total number of bowel sound events for N circuit boards. ; Step 3, from Remove from noisy time range The signal inside the intestine was used to obtain the filtered intestinal electrical signals. and to Perform signal preprocessing to obtain the first The total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. Thus, the total number of peak intestinal electrophysiological values ​​on N circuit boards is obtained. ; Step 4, based on and Perform step 5 to assess the small bowel function status after the meal, or perform step 6 to assess the small bowel function status after surgery.

3. The flexible wearable monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 2 includes: Step 2.1, respectively for and The bowel sound signal is obtained by sequentially performing bandpass filtering and normalization. and pre-processed external sound signals ;in, express The first moment Bowel sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board. express The first moment External sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board; Step 2.2, for Intensity analysis is performed; if the intensity exceeds a set intensity threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a noise time range. ; and from Delete the noise within the specified time range The internal signals are used to obtain the filtered bowel sound signals. ;in, The total duration after filtering, and express The first moment The bowel sound signal after screening by a flexible circuit board; Step 2.3, for Adaptive spectral subtraction denoising was performed to obtain the denoised bowel sound signal time series. ;in, express The first moment A duct-like sound signal after noise reduction using a flexible circuit board; Step 2.4, for Perform frame segmentation processing to obtain the data from the original text. A sequence of bowel sound signal frames consisting of 1 signal frames ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One bowel sound signal frame; Step 2.5, calculate separately short-term energy and zero crossing rate ,when and At that time, the judgment For quasi-bowel sound events, among which, For adjustable energy coefficient, To estimate the baseline energy by analyzing silent segments of the signal, Zero-crossing rate threshold; Step 2.6: When the time interval between two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events is less than a preset time threshold... At that time, two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events are merged into a single bowel sound event, ultimately yielding the first... On each circuit board One bowel sound event.

4. The flexible wearable monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 3 includes: Step 3.1: Use a third-order polynomial fitting method to... After detrending, bandpass filtering and normalization are performed to obtain the noise-reduced electroenteric signal. ,in, express The first moment Noise-reduced intestinal electrical signals on a flexible circuit board; Step 3.2: Use an adaptive threshold peak detection algorithm to process the denoised electroenteric signal. Perform BER slow wave peak identification to obtain the first The peak point set of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One peak point, For the first The total number of peaks detected on each flexible circuit board.

5. The flexible wearable monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The assessment of small intestinal function in step 5 includes: Step 5.1: Obtain the pre-meal time period Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity Obtain the post-meal time period Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity ,in, This is mealtime, among which, , These represent the start time of measurement before the meal and the end time of measurement after the meal, respectively. Step 5.2: Divide the positions of the N circuit boards into three functional zones according to the physiological location of the human small intestine, including: the duodenal region, the jejunal region, and the ileal region; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the duodenal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The number of circuit boards in the duodenal region; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the jejunal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The total number of circuit boards in the duodenal and jejunal regions; Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the ileum region. and total intestinal electrical activity ; The total number of all circuit boards, and ; Step 5.3: Calculate the change in the number of bowel sound events using equations (1) and (2) respectively. and the change in the number of peak intestinal electrical signals : (1) (2) and The number of bowel sound events across all circuit boards is divided into postprandial and preprandial time periods. and This represents the total peak intestinal electrical activity across all circuit boards during the pre-meal and post-meal periods. The bowel sound response enhancement rate of the k-th region was calculated using equation (3). : (3) In equation (3), This is the reference value for pre-meal bowel sounds in the k-th region. The intestinal electrical response enhancement rate of the k-th region was calculated using equation (4). : (4) In equation (4), This is the pre-meal gut electrical reference value for the k-th region. ; Step 5.4, Determination of small intestinal functional status: when and and and and and and and At that time, the postprandial small intestine function was determined to be normal. Otherwise, the postprandial small intestine function is judged to be abnormal; among which, The threshold for changes in bowel sounds. The threshold for changes in intestinal electrical activity. , , The threshold values ​​for bowel sound response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal regions. , , The threshold values ​​for the intestinal electrical response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal region, jejunal region, and ileal region.

6. The flexible wearable monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The postoperative assessment of small bowel function in step 6 includes: Step 6.1, Measure the postoperative day Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board and the preoperative period Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board And calculate the first Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ; Step 6.2: Following the process in Step 6.1, obtain the postoperative... Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ; Step 6.3, when and At that time, the small bowel function was judged to have returned to normal after the operation. when and At that time, the postoperative small bowel function was determined to be abnormally recovered.

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